Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-1-124-140
D. Pavlenko, E. Chuyan, V. Pavlenko
The article provides an overview of scientific works devoted to methods of correcting the development of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) based on EEG biofeedback (neurofeedback). According to the World Health Organization, one in 160 children are currently diagnosed with ASD. In 2018, about 0.1 % of the child population in Russia suffered from autism. Moreover, the incidence of the disease is increasing every year. Genetic disorders are the most likely cause of ASD. Dysfunctions of 69 genes are highly likely to cause ASD. Most of these genes are pleiotropic. They affect the proliferation, differentiation and migration of nerve cells, the growth of axons and synaptogenesis, the synthesis of neurotransmitters and the development of receptors for them. Several genes involved in the development of ASD undergo epigenetic modifications under the influence of the environment and pathogens. The key in the onset of ASD is probably a violation of the synaptic pruning process. Pruning is necessary to reduce redundant connections and improve the efficiency of the central nervous system. Based on this, the researchers put forward a hypothesis explaining the symptoms of ASD as a result of a violation of structural and functional brain connectivity. Such disturbances are likely to cause abnormalities in the functioning of the brain mirror system (BMS). Disorders of the synaptic organization of the brain correlate with indicators of cognitive, emotional and behavioral tests, EEG characteristics. The study of phase coherence in several EEG frequency ranges demonstrated the presence of global hypo- and local hyper-connectivity in patients with ASD. The absence of suppression or desynchronization of the mu rhythm may indicate a malfunction of the BMS. The child’s brain is highly plastic. Therefore, early corrective intervention can improve the developmental outcomes of a child with ASD. Modern research demonstrates the possibility of effective application of neurofeedback for the correction of the disease. One of the strategies is the use of neurofeedback trainings to reduce anxiety in children with ASD. Another strategy is aimed at regulating the coherence of EEG signals. Researchers consider the most promising strategy for learning mu rhythm modulation using neurofeedback. This neurofeedback protocol affects the functioning of the BMS. According to the research results, after the neurofeedback trainings, the normalization of the functional cerebral connectivity according to the mu rhythm was established. Further research in this direction can become the basis for the most effective methods of treating ASD.
{"title":"METHODS FOR CORRECTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM BASED ON BIOLOGICAL FEEDBACK BY EEG","authors":"D. Pavlenko, E. Chuyan, V. Pavlenko","doi":"10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-1-124-140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-1-124-140","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides an overview of scientific works devoted to methods of correcting the development of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) based on EEG biofeedback (neurofeedback). According to the World Health Organization, one in 160 children are currently diagnosed with ASD. In 2018, about 0.1 % of the child population in Russia suffered from autism. Moreover, the incidence of the disease is increasing every year. Genetic disorders are the most likely cause of ASD. Dysfunctions of 69 genes are highly likely to cause ASD. Most of these genes are pleiotropic. They affect the proliferation, differentiation and migration of nerve cells, the growth of axons and synaptogenesis, the synthesis of neurotransmitters and the development of receptors for them. Several genes involved in the development of ASD undergo epigenetic modifications under the influence of the environment and pathogens. The key in the onset of ASD is probably a violation of the synaptic pruning process. Pruning is necessary to reduce redundant connections and improve the efficiency of the central nervous system. Based on this, the researchers put forward a hypothesis explaining the symptoms of ASD as a result of a violation of structural and functional brain connectivity. Such disturbances are likely to cause abnormalities in the functioning of the brain mirror system (BMS). Disorders of the synaptic organization of the brain correlate with indicators of cognitive, emotional and behavioral tests, EEG characteristics. The study of phase coherence in several EEG frequency ranges demonstrated the presence of global hypo- and local hyper-connectivity in patients with ASD. The absence of suppression or desynchronization of the mu rhythm may indicate a malfunction of the BMS. The child’s brain is highly plastic. Therefore, early corrective intervention can improve the developmental outcomes of a child with ASD. Modern research demonstrates the possibility of effective application of neurofeedback for the correction of the disease. One of the strategies is the use of neurofeedback trainings to reduce anxiety in children with ASD. Another strategy is aimed at regulating the coherence of EEG signals. Researchers consider the most promising strategy for learning mu rhythm modulation using neurofeedback. This neurofeedback protocol affects the functioning of the BMS. According to the research results, after the neurofeedback trainings, the normalization of the functional cerebral connectivity according to the mu rhythm was established. Further research in this direction can become the basis for the most effective methods of treating ASD.","PeriodicalId":21653,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84845269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-3-87-96
N. Kaygorodova, A. S. Kuzmina, M. Yatsenko
The article presents the results of a study of the relationship between the level of anxiety and general self-regulation with the stabilographic characteristics of the human body posture before and after using the stabilographic balance training with visual biological feedback aimed at the development of voluntary regulation of movements. It is shown that after the exercise, a decrease in all stabilographic characteristics was observed; this indicates an increase in posture stability, and activation of voluntary regulation mechanisms reduces the influence of personal anxiety on the sustainability of maintaining the body posture. The interrelation of stabilographic characteristics of oscillations of the projection of the center of gravity of the human body onto the platform with the level of anxiety and self-regulation in conditions of involuntary and voluntary regulation of the body posture is shown theoretically and experimentally. The study involved 25 female students of the 2nd year. The effectiveness of posture maintenance was assessed using the automated complex «Stabilan-01». The stabilographic method is based on recording the indicators of fluctuations in the projection of the center of gravity of the subject on the plane of the platform, in the center of which he stands. The study of the characteristics of the projection onto the platform of the center of gravity was carried out using the Romberg test, which consisted of two tests – with open and closed eyes. Romberg’s test was performed twice: before and after using the training stabilographic technique. As a means of teaching posture control, a computer stabilographic game «Balls» was used, during which motor actions are performed that provide an arbitrary movement of the center of gravity of the subject’s body, thereby training the function of balance. Personal anxiety (PA) was assessed using the Spielberger-Khanin method. The level of general self-regulation was determined using the V. I. Morosanova. In the initial state, significant differences were found between groups of students differing in the level of radiation therapy in terms of such indicators as frontal spread with closed eyes, sagittal spread with open eyes, length of the trajectory of spread with open and closed eyes, and projection area with open eyes, which were significantly higher in a group of highly anxious subjects. The dependence of stabilographic indicators on the level of anxiety was also confirmed by the results of correlation analysis. After passing the training game, there was a tendency to decrease in stabilographic indicators. This indicates an increase in posture stability. Correlation analysis showed that the effect of PA on posture maintenance decreased, while the role of self-regulation increased. It was found that the higher the level of self-regulation, the lower the amount of body oscillations. Thus, the activation of voluntary regulation mechanisms reduced the influence of personal anxiety on the st
{"title":"THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE STABILOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POSTURE OF THE HUMAN BODY WITH THE LEVEL OF ANXIETY AND SELF-REGULATION","authors":"N. Kaygorodova, A. S. Kuzmina, M. Yatsenko","doi":"10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-3-87-96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-3-87-96","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of a study of the relationship between the level of anxiety and general self-regulation with the stabilographic characteristics of the human body posture before and after using the stabilographic balance training with visual biological feedback aimed at the development of voluntary regulation of movements. It is shown that after the exercise, a decrease in all stabilographic characteristics was observed; this indicates an increase in posture stability, and activation of voluntary regulation mechanisms reduces the influence of personal anxiety on the sustainability of maintaining the body posture. The interrelation of stabilographic characteristics of oscillations of the projection of the center of gravity of the human body onto the platform with the level of anxiety and self-regulation in conditions of involuntary and voluntary regulation of the body posture is shown theoretically and experimentally. The study involved 25 female students of the 2nd year. The effectiveness of posture maintenance was assessed using the automated complex «Stabilan-01». The stabilographic method is based on recording the indicators of fluctuations in the projection of the center of gravity of the subject on the plane of the platform, in the center of which he stands. The study of the characteristics of the projection onto the platform of the center of gravity was carried out using the Romberg test, which consisted of two tests – with open and closed eyes. Romberg’s test was performed twice: before and after using the training stabilographic technique. As a means of teaching posture control, a computer stabilographic game «Balls» was used, during which motor actions are performed that provide an arbitrary movement of the center of gravity of the subject’s body, thereby training the function of balance. Personal anxiety (PA) was assessed using the Spielberger-Khanin method. The level of general self-regulation was determined using the V. I. Morosanova. In the initial state, significant differences were found between groups of students differing in the level of radiation therapy in terms of such indicators as frontal spread with closed eyes, sagittal spread with open eyes, length of the trajectory of spread with open and closed eyes, and projection area with open eyes, which were significantly higher in a group of highly anxious subjects. The dependence of stabilographic indicators on the level of anxiety was also confirmed by the results of correlation analysis. After passing the training game, there was a tendency to decrease in stabilographic indicators. This indicates an increase in posture stability. Correlation analysis showed that the effect of PA on posture maintenance decreased, while the role of self-regulation increased. It was found that the higher the level of self-regulation, the lower the amount of body oscillations. Thus, the activation of voluntary regulation mechanisms reduced the influence of personal anxiety on the st","PeriodicalId":21653,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76271547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-3-192-199
S. S. Raufov
The results of a study of the level of functionality of the regulatory systems of the inhabitants of Tajikistan are presented. A comparative analysis of the indicators of variational cardiointervalometry in men and women of Tajiks is given. The aim of the study was to study the functional state of autonomic regulation in Tajiks, depending on the state of activity such as the autonomic nervous system. We examined 233 people aged 18 to 40 years. Based on the values of the stress index, variational magnitude, and the total power of the spectrum from the entire population under study, three groups of individuals were formed: vagotonics, normotonics, and sympathotonics. Indicators of variational cardiointervalometry were recorded using a psychophysiological testing device UPFT-1/30 “Psychophysiologist” in the sitting position with a cycle of 128 cardiointervals for 5 minutes. The indicators of variational cardiointervalometry in men are higher compared to women. Differences in the activity of regulatory systems and assessment of the functional state in men are significantly different from indicators of women. Significant differences are noticeable only in the group of vagotonics. Both among men and among women, a greater number of subjects with a hyperactivity reaction were revealed. In 37 % of the examined, regardless of gender, the state of the optimal working voltage of the body was revealed. It has been established that sympathotonics dominate among women, this may indicate lower adaptive abilities of women, which is a sign of greater energy expenditures during adaptation, and normotonics dominate among men. When compared with indicators of the functioning of the body of men and women, features of the deterioration of blood circulation regulation and a decrease in the level of physiological health in vagotonic men were revealed.
{"title":"FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE OF VARIABILITY OF THE CARDIORHYTHM OF RESIDENTS OF TAJIKISTAN DEPENDING ON THE TYPE OF VEGETATIVE REGULATION","authors":"S. S. Raufov","doi":"10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-3-192-199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-3-192-199","url":null,"abstract":"The results of a study of the level of functionality of the regulatory systems of the inhabitants of Tajikistan are presented. A comparative analysis of the indicators of variational cardiointervalometry in men and women of Tajiks is given. The aim of the study was to study the functional state of autonomic regulation in Tajiks, depending on the state of activity such as the autonomic nervous system. We examined 233 people aged 18 to 40 years. Based on the values of the stress index, variational magnitude, and the total power of the spectrum from the entire population under study, three groups of individuals were formed: vagotonics, normotonics, and sympathotonics. Indicators of variational cardiointervalometry were recorded using a psychophysiological testing device UPFT-1/30 “Psychophysiologist” in the sitting position with a cycle of 128 cardiointervals for 5 minutes. The indicators of variational cardiointervalometry in men are higher compared to women. Differences in the activity of regulatory systems and assessment of the functional state in men are significantly different from indicators of women. Significant differences are noticeable only in the group of vagotonics. Both among men and among women, a greater number of subjects with a hyperactivity reaction were revealed. In 37 % of the examined, regardless of gender, the state of the optimal working voltage of the body was revealed. It has been established that sympathotonics dominate among women, this may indicate lower adaptive abilities of women, which is a sign of greater energy expenditures during adaptation, and normotonics dominate among men. When compared with indicators of the functioning of the body of men and women, features of the deterioration of blood circulation regulation and a decrease in the level of physiological health in vagotonic men were revealed.","PeriodicalId":21653,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75852017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-3-127-137
T. Muller, S. Shilov, M. Spiridonova, N. Lisova
The correction of this disorder is always complex and combines various approaches: methods of behavior modification, work with school teachers, psychological and neurophysiological correction methods, as well as drug treatment. The main tasks of correction are to reduce the severity of attention disorders, improve psychosocial adaptation and academic performance. One of the promising methods for correcting attention deficit in an integrated approach is breathing exercises with hypoxic-hypercapnic loads, although experience with their application is unique. Materials and methods. A total of 190 schoolchildren from Krasnoyarsk with attention deficit were examined. The energy state of the brain was studied using the NEK-5 computer-hardware complex. Correction of attention deficit was realized with the help of breathing exercises with hypoxic-hypercapnic loads. Results. The study showed that younger students with attention deficit differ from the group of healthy children in terms of constant potentials in the cerebral cortex. The course of respiratory training with hypoxic-hypercapnic loads, in the correctional complex, in children with attention deficit leads to significant positive changes in energy metabolism, normalizes the functional state of the cortical centers, creates the condition for the development of cognitive functions.
{"title":"CORRECTIVE EFFECTS OF GTPOXIC-HYPERCAPNIC RESPIRATORY TRAININGS IN CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION DEFICIENCY","authors":"T. Muller, S. Shilov, M. Spiridonova, N. Lisova","doi":"10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-3-127-137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-3-127-137","url":null,"abstract":"The correction of this disorder is always complex and combines various approaches: methods of behavior modification, work with school teachers, psychological and neurophysiological correction methods, as well as drug treatment. The main tasks of correction are to reduce the severity of attention disorders, improve psychosocial adaptation and academic performance. One of the promising methods for correcting attention deficit in an integrated approach is breathing exercises with hypoxic-hypercapnic loads, although experience with their application is unique. Materials and methods. A total of 190 schoolchildren from Krasnoyarsk with attention deficit were examined. The energy state of the brain was studied using the NEK-5 computer-hardware complex. Correction of attention deficit was realized with the help of breathing exercises with hypoxic-hypercapnic loads. Results. The study showed that younger students with attention deficit differ from the group of healthy children in terms of constant potentials in the cerebral cortex. The course of respiratory training with hypoxic-hypercapnic loads, in the correctional complex, in children with attention deficit leads to significant positive changes in energy metabolism, normalizes the functional state of the cortical centers, creates the condition for the development of cognitive functions.","PeriodicalId":21653,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90676665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-4-78-89
I. N. Zalevskaya, I. Rudneva, А. G. Selyukov, А. V. Scherba
Comparative study of size-weight characteristics, lipid peroxidation (LPO) parameters and antioxidants content in the liver of marine scorpion fish Scorpaena porcus caught in the coastal waters of the Caucasus at the region of Shepsy village demonstrated age-related differences. The increase of the size and weight, the mass of the liver and gonads was observed in the elder fish, while the condition index varied less. Liver somatic index (LSI) increased in 2-3 years old animals, in the elder fish the growth of this parameters was slowly. Significant increase of gonadosomatic index (GSI) was noted in 4-5 years old animals, while the differences between 2 and 3 years groups were not observed. Lipid oxidation index and relative concentration of the ketodiens did not vary in age. Content of dien conjugates in hepatic lipids was significantly lower (p<0,001) in 3-4 years old fish as compared with the parameters of other studied age groups. TBA-reactive products concentration in the hepatic lipids increased with age and the highest values were observed in 5-6 years old animals. Significant correlation was shown between the content of TBA-reactive products in fish liver and the animals age (r = 0,88, p<0,05), while between the other studied parameters and fish age no significant relations were noted. Vitamin A and carotenoids concentration did not vary with age, however the tendency to increase was observed in 4 years old fish. The reasons of the growth of reactive oxygen species processes (ROS) and the increase of lipid peroxidation compounds concentration can be connected with the decrease of the defense mechanisms of the organism and the damage biomolecules, genetic defects, cell pathologies, tissues and organs and accumulation of xenobiotics in the fish, which impact the organism, accompanied with the oxidative stress. In elder animals the concentration of toxic substances is greater, and together with the decrease of the defense systems the cumulative toxic effect becomes mote considarable. The obtained results in this study provide the additional information for the understanding of the mechanisms of ROS theory of aging at the case of vertebrates of the natural populations. Further investigations could be strengthening to the study the role of endo- and exogenous conditions, modulating the age processes in aquatic organisms, which is important for the ontogenesis mechanisms and they dependence on natural and anthropogenic factors.
{"title":"AGE-DEPENDENT PECULIARITIES OF THE OXIDATIVE STRESS PARAMETERS AND ANTIOXIDANTS CONTENT IN THE LIVER OF SCORPION FISH SCORPAENA PORCUS L. IN THE COASTAL WATERS OF THE BOLSHOI CAUCASUS","authors":"I. N. Zalevskaya, I. Rudneva, А. G. Selyukov, А. V. Scherba","doi":"10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-4-78-89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-4-78-89","url":null,"abstract":"Comparative study of size-weight characteristics, lipid peroxidation (LPO) parameters and antioxidants content in the liver of marine scorpion fish Scorpaena porcus caught in the coastal waters of the Caucasus at the region of Shepsy village demonstrated age-related differences. The increase of the size and weight, the mass of the liver and gonads was observed in the elder fish, while the condition index varied less. Liver somatic index (LSI) increased in 2-3 years old animals, in the elder fish the growth of this parameters was slowly. Significant increase of gonadosomatic index (GSI) was noted in 4-5 years old animals, while the differences between 2 and 3 years groups were not observed. Lipid oxidation index and relative concentration of the ketodiens did not vary in age. Content of dien conjugates in hepatic lipids was significantly lower (p<0,001) in 3-4 years old fish as compared with the parameters of other studied age groups. TBA-reactive products concentration in the hepatic lipids increased with age and the highest values were observed in 5-6 years old animals. Significant correlation was shown between the content of TBA-reactive products in fish liver and the animals age (r = 0,88, p<0,05), while between the other studied parameters and fish age no significant relations were noted. Vitamin A and carotenoids concentration did not vary with age, however the tendency to increase was observed in 4 years old fish. The reasons of the growth of reactive oxygen species processes (ROS) and the increase of lipid peroxidation compounds concentration can be connected with the decrease of the defense mechanisms of the organism and the damage biomolecules, genetic defects, cell pathologies, tissues and organs and accumulation of xenobiotics in the fish, which impact the organism, accompanied with the oxidative stress. In elder animals the concentration of toxic substances is greater, and together with the decrease of the defense systems the cumulative toxic effect becomes mote considarable. The obtained results in this study provide the additional information for the understanding of the mechanisms of ROS theory of aging at the case of vertebrates of the natural populations. Further investigations could be strengthening to the study the role of endo- and exogenous conditions, modulating the age processes in aquatic organisms, which is important for the ontogenesis mechanisms and they dependence on natural and anthropogenic factors.","PeriodicalId":21653,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73082385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-3-56-62
I. Bulavin, S. Feskov, V. Brailko, I. Mitrofanova
Vegetative and generative organs of some Lamiaceae plants were investigated. It was shown that accumulation of inclusion with essential oil inside glandular trichomes and internal tissues of vegetative and generative organs varied with maximal amount in the flowers. Also, dependence in amount of essential oil from species was estimated.
{"title":"CHARACTERIZATION OF ESSENTIAL OIL ACCUMULATION IN SOME PLANTS OF LAMIACEAE FAMILY","authors":"I. Bulavin, S. Feskov, V. Brailko, I. Mitrofanova","doi":"10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-3-56-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-3-56-62","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetative and generative organs of some Lamiaceae plants were investigated. It was shown that accumulation of inclusion with essential oil inside glandular trichomes and internal tissues of vegetative and generative organs varied with maximal amount in the flowers. Also, dependence in amount of essential oil from species was estimated.","PeriodicalId":21653,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry","volume":"145 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78589687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-3-246-255
K. N. Tumanyants, N. S. Yarmolyuk, I. S. Stelmakh
The question of the biological role of weakened electromagnetic fields (EMF) is relevant due to the fact that in modern life, organisms of varying degrees of complexity often face conditions in which the natural EMF can be shielded or distorted. And the study of the influence of ionizing radiation on life expectancy has been conducted for several decades in various laboratories around the world. The main component in determining the effects of radiation exposure is induced genetic instability, against the background of which it is possible to implement a variety of radiobiological reactions that lead to both stimulation and significant suppression of vital functions of the cell or body. In this regard, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of moderate ferromagnetic shielding and 40 Gy X-ray radiation on the development of Drosophila melanogaster. Two series of experiments were carried out to achieve the goal. Initially, the nutrient medium prepared from yeast, sugar, semolina, propionic acid, water, and agar-agar was placed in the test tube. In groups there were 10 test tubes each, in which adult flies in number of 1 female and 1 male were placed. In the experiment, tubes with daily egg-laying were used (after the daily content of parent flies were removed from the tubes). Clutches were observed: from the appearance of the first pupae to the end of adults’ release. All groups of insects were kept in special thermoboxes (without light access). In the first series of the experiment the air temperature was 22 °C, in the second series of the experiment – 18 °C. The development of Drosophila melanogaster depends on t° air, with its decrease from 22 ° C to 18 ° C, the intensity of pupation of larvae and the yield of adults decreases by 45 % (p<0,05) and 50 % (p<0,05), respectively, and slows down by two days. In conditions of moderate ferromagnetic shielding in the first series of the experiment no reliable changes were found, while in the second series at t = 18 °C EME stimulates the process of pupation of larvae on the 8th day by 21 % (p<0,05), and the yield of adults on the 16th day by 30 % (p<0,05) in contrast to the development of Drosophila melanogaster in the control group. However, in both series EMEs do not affect the total number of pupated larvae and the yield of adults. In the first series of the experiment, X-ray irradiation with 40 Gy absorbed dose and 5-minute exposure leads to 28 % (p<0,05) and 55 % (p<0,05) decrease in the number of pupated larvae on the 6th and 7th days of development, respectively, and to 86 % (p<0,05) and 30 % (p<0,05) decrease in adults appearance on the 12th and 13th days, respectively, in comparison with the control group data. Whereas, in the second series of the experiment the number of pupated larvae decreased by 85 % (p<0,05) and 50 % (p<0,05) respectively on the 7th and 9th days, and the number of adults decreased by 85 % (p<0,05) relatively to the control data. Also X-ray irradiation causes del
{"title":"PECULIARITIES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER UNDER CONDITIONS OF MODERATE FERROMAGNETIC SHIELDING AND X-RAY RADIATION ACTION","authors":"K. N. Tumanyants, N. S. Yarmolyuk, I. S. Stelmakh","doi":"10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-3-246-255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-3-246-255","url":null,"abstract":"The question of the biological role of weakened electromagnetic fields (EMF) is relevant due to the fact that in modern life, organisms of varying degrees of complexity often face conditions in which the natural EMF can be shielded or distorted. And the study of the influence of ionizing radiation on life expectancy has been conducted for several decades in various laboratories around the world. The main component in determining the effects of radiation exposure is induced genetic instability, against the background of which it is possible to implement a variety of radiobiological reactions that lead to both stimulation and significant suppression of vital functions of the cell or body. In this regard, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of moderate ferromagnetic shielding and 40 Gy X-ray radiation on the development of Drosophila melanogaster. Two series of experiments were carried out to achieve the goal. Initially, the nutrient medium prepared from yeast, sugar, semolina, propionic acid, water, and agar-agar was placed in the test tube. In groups there were 10 test tubes each, in which adult flies in number of 1 female and 1 male were placed. In the experiment, tubes with daily egg-laying were used (after the daily content of parent flies were removed from the tubes). Clutches were observed: from the appearance of the first pupae to the end of adults’ release. All groups of insects were kept in special thermoboxes (without light access). In the first series of the experiment the air temperature was 22 °C, in the second series of the experiment – 18 °C. The development of Drosophila melanogaster depends on t° air, with its decrease from 22 ° C to 18 ° C, the intensity of pupation of larvae and the yield of adults decreases by 45 % (p<0,05) and 50 % (p<0,05), respectively, and slows down by two days. In conditions of moderate ferromagnetic shielding in the first series of the experiment no reliable changes were found, while in the second series at t = 18 °C EME stimulates the process of pupation of larvae on the 8th day by 21 % (p<0,05), and the yield of adults on the 16th day by 30 % (p<0,05) in contrast to the development of Drosophila melanogaster in the control group. However, in both series EMEs do not affect the total number of pupated larvae and the yield of adults. In the first series of the experiment, X-ray irradiation with 40 Gy absorbed dose and 5-minute exposure leads to 28 % (p<0,05) and 55 % (p<0,05) decrease in the number of pupated larvae on the 6th and 7th days of development, respectively, and to 86 % (p<0,05) and 30 % (p<0,05) decrease in adults appearance on the 12th and 13th days, respectively, in comparison with the control group data. Whereas, in the second series of the experiment the number of pupated larvae decreased by 85 % (p<0,05) and 50 % (p<0,05) respectively on the 7th and 9th days, and the number of adults decreased by 85 % (p<0,05) relatively to the control data. Also X-ray irradiation causes del","PeriodicalId":21653,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73419136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-1-103-110
E. Minina, V. Minin, N. Hait
Ensuring a high level of fitness is directly related to the improvement of regulatory mechanisms in response to external stimuli. The leading role in the complex neurodynamics underlying the reactions of balance, orientation in space and coordination of movements in the dynamic conditions of boxing belongs to the vestibular analyzer and the complex system of unconditional vestibulosomatic and vestibulovegetative reflexes. Under the action of vestibular stimuli during training in boxers, the participation of vegetative components in the response of the body increases sharply and can lead to the appearance of a stress response. In qualified boxers with different levels of vestibular stability, significant differences in functional reserves were revealed, quantitatively expressed by the coefficient of vestibular and vegetative adaptability, which can be used to rank boxers according to the degree of their adaptive capabilities. Given the changes in the mechanisms of vegetative regulation in contingents with different levels of vestibular stability, the question arises of a quantitative assessment of the qualitative effects of the vestibular apparatus on the vegetative support of activity. Methods of measuring vegetative regulation reserves in order to analyze the effectiveness of the training process are insufficiently covered in literary sources. In this regard, the aim of our study was to identify the regulatory features of the adaptation of cardiohemodynamics to loads of different modality in boxers and the possibility of using the coefficient of vegetative-vestibular adaptivity (Cvva) in the quantitative assessment of regulatory reserves. It was revealed that the level of adaptation of boxers to physical and vestibular loads is directly related to the vegetative provision of cardiohemodynamics when performing loads of different modality and depends on the level of qualification or training experience, as well as the level of general physical performance. In boxers with different levels of vestibular stability, significant differences in functional reserves were revealed, quantitatively expressed by the coefficient of vestibular and vegetative adaptability. In qualified athletes at rest, the indices of heart rate and double work were significantly lower with an increase in the ability to perform physical load, and the values of VO2 max in experienced boxers exceeded the values of beginner boxers by 19.2 % (p<0.01). Reflecting the reduced reserves of adaptation to vestibular load, the coefficient of stability in the group of novice athletes was twice significantly higher than the data in the group of qualified boxers, and with a decrease in the level of vestibular stability in boxers, the coefficient of vegetative and vestibular adaptability also increased. Thus, both the energy and regulatory components form the adaptation of boxers to training loads, the integral indicator of which can be the mechanisms of regulation of cardiac activity.
{"title":"REGULATORY PECULIARITIES OF ADAPTATION OF CARDIOHEMODYNAMIC TO LOADS OF DIFFERENT MODALITIES IN BOXERS","authors":"E. Minina, V. Minin, N. Hait","doi":"10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-1-103-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-1-103-110","url":null,"abstract":"Ensuring a high level of fitness is directly related to the improvement of regulatory mechanisms in response to external stimuli. The leading role in the complex neurodynamics underlying the reactions of balance, orientation in space and coordination of movements in the dynamic conditions of boxing belongs to the vestibular analyzer and the complex system of unconditional vestibulosomatic and vestibulovegetative reflexes. Under the action of vestibular stimuli during training in boxers, the participation of vegetative components in the response of the body increases sharply and can lead to the appearance of a stress response. In qualified boxers with different levels of vestibular stability, significant differences in functional reserves were revealed, quantitatively expressed by the coefficient of vestibular and vegetative adaptability, which can be used to rank boxers according to the degree of their adaptive capabilities. Given the changes in the mechanisms of vegetative regulation in contingents with different levels of vestibular stability, the question arises of a quantitative assessment of the qualitative effects of the vestibular apparatus on the vegetative support of activity. Methods of measuring vegetative regulation reserves in order to analyze the effectiveness of the training process are insufficiently covered in literary sources. In this regard, the aim of our study was to identify the regulatory features of the adaptation of cardiohemodynamics to loads of different modality in boxers and the possibility of using the coefficient of vegetative-vestibular adaptivity (Cvva) in the quantitative assessment of regulatory reserves. It was revealed that the level of adaptation of boxers to physical and vestibular loads is directly related to the vegetative provision of cardiohemodynamics when performing loads of different modality and depends on the level of qualification or training experience, as well as the level of general physical performance. In boxers with different levels of vestibular stability, significant differences in functional reserves were revealed, quantitatively expressed by the coefficient of vestibular and vegetative adaptability. In qualified athletes at rest, the indices of heart rate and double work were significantly lower with an increase in the ability to perform physical load, and the values of VO2 max in experienced boxers exceeded the values of beginner boxers by 19.2 % (p<0.01). Reflecting the reduced reserves of adaptation to vestibular load, the coefficient of stability in the group of novice athletes was twice significantly higher than the data in the group of qualified boxers, and with a decrease in the level of vestibular stability in boxers, the coefficient of vegetative and vestibular adaptability also increased. Thus, both the energy and regulatory components form the adaptation of boxers to training loads, the integral indicator of which can be the mechanisms of regulation of cardiac activity.","PeriodicalId":21653,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80186388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-3-117-126
A. Mikhailova, L. Orekhova, Y. O. Dyagileva, A. A. Tyshko, V. Pavlenko
The article discusses the methodology for assessing instrumental helping behavior in early childhood. The study involved 56 children aged 16 to 42 months. The average age was 31 ± 0.8 months. The level of instrumental helping behavior (LHB) was assessed using the Warneken and Tomasello test, in which the child needed to provide simple instrumental assistance to the experimenter who could not reach the fallen spoon. Points from 0 to 9 (0 – if the child did not give the item, 9 – if the item was given quickly) were assigned based on the time it took the child to provide assistance: 9p – the spoon is returned in 0.1–5.9 s; 8p. – 6.0–12.9 s, 7p. – 13.0–19.9 s, 6p. – 20.0–26.9 s, 5p. – 27.0–33.9s, 4p. – 34.0–40.9 s, 3 p. – 41.0–47.9 s, 2 p – 48.0–54.9 s, 1p. – 55.0–60.0 s. The group of children with low LHB included 18 people, the group with high LHB – 38. EEG was recorded in the following situations: the eye-opened resting state (the child watched a rotating colored ball on the monitor screen); as well as the child’s observation of the experimenter’ social action prior to helping him. The frequency range of the theta rhythm was determined individually, based on the frequency boundaries of the child’s individual mu rhythm. ANOVA was used for further statistical analysis of the reactivity of the theta rhythm amplitude in eye-opened resting state and observation of social action. Statistical analysis showed that children with low LHB showed lesser changes in theta rhythm during observation of social action in comparison with baseline values, i.e. the interaction of the SITUATION × LOCUS factors was observed, as well as a significant influence of the LOCUS factor. Post hoc test showed that the changes were correct for the Pz locus (p = 0.04). In children with high LHB, an increase in the amplitude of theta rhythm was found in loci Fp1 (p = 0.03), Fp2 (p = 0.01), P4 (p = 0.007), O1 (p = 0.02), O2 (p = 0.001). We assume that a larger activation of the theta rhythm may indicate the processing of observed emotionally significant information by children, as well as the processes of memory consolidation (children may have tried to recall their previous experience in a similar situation in the past). Consequently, the less time it took for the child to provide simple instrumental help, the more effectively they were involved in the observed situation and the better they understood the need for help from another person.
{"title":"EEG THETA RHYTHM REACTIVITY IN EARLY CHILDHOOD WITH DIFFERENT LEVEL OF HELPING BEHAVIOR","authors":"A. Mikhailova, L. Orekhova, Y. O. Dyagileva, A. A. Tyshko, V. Pavlenko","doi":"10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-3-117-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-3-117-126","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the methodology for assessing instrumental helping behavior in early childhood. The study involved 56 children aged 16 to 42 months. The average age was 31 ± 0.8 months. The level of instrumental helping behavior (LHB) was assessed using the Warneken and Tomasello test, in which the child needed to provide simple instrumental assistance to the experimenter who could not reach the fallen spoon. Points from 0 to 9 (0 – if the child did not give the item, 9 – if the item was given quickly) were assigned based on the time it took the child to provide assistance: 9p – the spoon is returned in 0.1–5.9 s; 8p. – 6.0–12.9 s, 7p. – 13.0–19.9 s, 6p. – 20.0–26.9 s, 5p. – 27.0–33.9s, 4p. – 34.0–40.9 s, 3 p. – 41.0–47.9 s, 2 p – 48.0–54.9 s, 1p. – 55.0–60.0 s. The group of children with low LHB included 18 people, the group with high LHB – 38. EEG was recorded in the following situations: the eye-opened resting state (the child watched a rotating colored ball on the monitor screen); as well as the child’s observation of the experimenter’ social action prior to helping him. The frequency range of the theta rhythm was determined individually, based on the frequency boundaries of the child’s individual mu rhythm. ANOVA was used for further statistical analysis of the reactivity of the theta rhythm amplitude in eye-opened resting state and observation of social action. Statistical analysis showed that children with low LHB showed lesser changes in theta rhythm during observation of social action in comparison with baseline values, i.e. the interaction of the SITUATION × LOCUS factors was observed, as well as a significant influence of the LOCUS factor. Post hoc test showed that the changes were correct for the Pz locus (p = 0.04). In children with high LHB, an increase in the amplitude of theta rhythm was found in loci Fp1 (p = 0.03), Fp2 (p = 0.01), P4 (p = 0.007), O1 (p = 0.02), O2 (p = 0.001). We assume that a larger activation of the theta rhythm may indicate the processing of observed emotionally significant information by children, as well as the processes of memory consolidation (children may have tried to recall their previous experience in a similar situation in the past). Consequently, the less time it took for the child to provide simple instrumental help, the more effectively they were involved in the observed situation and the better they understood the need for help from another person.","PeriodicalId":21653,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80037644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-2-167-178
V. V. Tonkovtseva, A. Yarosh, I. Batura, E. Nagovskaya, E. S. Koval, M. A. Borkuta, P. Grigoriev
The objective of the research was to study the effect of common hyssop essential oil on the psychoemotional state and mental performance of elderly and senile people. Materials and methods. The study included 280 women aged 60–85 years. During the study, the subjects were in darkened rooms at rest in groups of 10–20 people. For participants in the control groups we played a psychorelaxation audio recording lasting 10, 20 or 30 minutes. For the experimental groups we sprayed common hyssop essential oil in a concentration of 1 mg/m3 for 10, 20 or 30 minutes in the room and simultaneously played a psychorelaxation audio recording. The state of the subjects before and after the procedures in the control and experimental groups was assessed using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Dembo-Rubinstein self-assessment test in our modification, correction task, and the word recognition test with missing letters. The obtained data were statistically processed using the Student’s t-test for dependent and unconjugated samples. The component composition of essential oil was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using a hardware and software complex based on a chromatograph «Chromatek-Crystal 5000.2» equipped with a mass spectrometric detector. Results. It is shown that respiratory effects of essential oil of common hyssop (exposure 10, 20 or 30 minutes) when its concentration in air 1 mg/m3 causes a significant improvement in the emotional state of the elderly (based on Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Dembo-Rubinstein self-assessment test in our modification). In the pair «anxiety-depression» it has a more pronounced positive effect on anxiety – a statistically significant decrease in the level at all durations of the aroma effect. According to the indicator of depression, a statistically significant decrease was observed only with a 20-minute aroma effect. At the same time, in the state self-assessment test, the subjects positively assessed the change in their state in all indicators of psychoemotional state and tone for all duration of the aroma session, which allows us to talk about hyssop essential oil as a euphoric factor, possibly with a certain decrease in the criticality of perception. Considering the more objective nature of the assessment on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the presence in the self-assessment test of parameters that respond to depression, we can say that common hyssop essential oil is a euphoric factor that reduces the criticality, objectivity of the subjects’ self-assessment of their condition. There was no significant effect of common hyssop essential oil on mental performance in both complex (recognition of words with missing letters) and simple work (correction task).
{"title":"IMPACT OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF HISSORUS OFFICINALIS ON THE PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL STATE AND MENTAL CAPACITY OF THE ELDERLY","authors":"V. V. Tonkovtseva, A. Yarosh, I. Batura, E. Nagovskaya, E. S. Koval, M. A. Borkuta, P. Grigoriev","doi":"10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-2-167-178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-2-167-178","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the research was to study the effect of common hyssop essential oil on the psychoemotional state and mental performance of elderly and senile people. Materials and methods. The study included 280 women aged 60–85 years. During the study, the subjects were in darkened rooms at rest in groups of 10–20 people. For participants in the control groups we played a psychorelaxation audio recording lasting 10, 20 or 30 minutes. For the experimental groups we sprayed common hyssop essential oil in a concentration of 1 mg/m3 for 10, 20 or 30 minutes in the room and simultaneously played a psychorelaxation audio recording. The state of the subjects before and after the procedures in the control and experimental groups was assessed using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Dembo-Rubinstein self-assessment test in our modification, correction task, and the word recognition test with missing letters. The obtained data were statistically processed using the Student’s t-test for dependent and unconjugated samples. The component composition of essential oil was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using a hardware and software complex based on a chromatograph «Chromatek-Crystal 5000.2» equipped with a mass spectrometric detector. Results. It is shown that respiratory effects of essential oil of common hyssop (exposure 10, 20 or 30 minutes) when its concentration in air 1 mg/m3 causes a significant improvement in the emotional state of the elderly (based on Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Dembo-Rubinstein self-assessment test in our modification). In the pair «anxiety-depression» it has a more pronounced positive effect on anxiety – a statistically significant decrease in the level at all durations of the aroma effect. According to the indicator of depression, a statistically significant decrease was observed only with a 20-minute aroma effect. At the same time, in the state self-assessment test, the subjects positively assessed the change in their state in all indicators of psychoemotional state and tone for all duration of the aroma session, which allows us to talk about hyssop essential oil as a euphoric factor, possibly with a certain decrease in the criticality of perception. Considering the more objective nature of the assessment on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the presence in the self-assessment test of parameters that respond to depression, we can say that common hyssop essential oil is a euphoric factor that reduces the criticality, objectivity of the subjects’ self-assessment of their condition. There was no significant effect of common hyssop essential oil on mental performance in both complex (recognition of words with missing letters) and simple work (correction task).","PeriodicalId":21653,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry","volume":"316 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80110722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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