Preclinical research on veterinary pharmaceuticals is crucial and required when creating new dosage forms. Preclinical research aims to ascertain the test substance's therapeutic efficacy, toxicity, future dose form, impact on the body's fundamental systems, and identification of potential side effects. The objective of this study was to assess the potential toxicity of Aspir-35 following short- and longer-term exposure in rats. The acute toxicity of the drug was studied on 30 white mice weighing 18–20.5 g and 15 white rats weighing 180–215 g. The animals were kept in a vivarium in accordance with sanitary rules and on a standard diet taken in the vivarium using compound feed. The drug “Aspir-35” was administered to rats and mice once in the morning on an empty stomach orally through a probe with a cannula in doses of 1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg of body weight. Animal feeding was started two hours after drug administration. The study of the toxicity of the drug “Aspir-35” during long-term subcutaneous administration was studied on rats with an initial body weight of 180–230 g divided according to the principle of analogues into two groups of 6 heads each. The animals were kept in similar conditions as in the study of the acute toxicity of the drug. The drug “Aspir-35” was administered to the rats of the experimental group subcutaneously daily for 18 days at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg of body weight. The drug “Aspir-35” did not cause the death of experimental rats and mice when administered once orally in doses of 1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg of body weight. On this basis, the drug “Aspir-35” can be attributed to the 4th class of danger according to the International Standard GOST 12.1.007-76, or to category 5 according to the International Global Classification of the Global Harmonized System, (GHS), since the LD50 of the drug “Aspir-35” when taken orally will exceed 5000 mg/kg of body weight. The drug “Aspir-35” in a dose of 0.5 ml/kg of body weight when administered subcutaneously for 18 days did not cause negative and harmful effects on the body of experimental rats, did not affect their growth and development, did not cause changes in the relative weight of internal organs and did not led to changes in hematological indicators in experimental animals. The analysis of the results of the conducted research indicates the relative harmlessness of the potential drug for veterinary medicine and allows us to predict that the drug “Aspir-35” can be classified as a low-risk substance, which justifies the feasibility of its further study and implementation in practice.
{"title":"Study of Aspir-35 toxicity","authors":"T. M. Kaliuzhna, H. A. Fotina","doi":"10.32718/nvlvet11118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet11118","url":null,"abstract":"Preclinical research on veterinary pharmaceuticals is crucial and required when creating new dosage forms. Preclinical research aims to ascertain the test substance's therapeutic efficacy, toxicity, future dose form, impact on the body's fundamental systems, and identification of potential side effects. The objective of this study was to assess the potential toxicity of Aspir-35 following short- and longer-term exposure in rats. The acute toxicity of the drug was studied on 30 white mice weighing 18–20.5 g and 15 white rats weighing 180–215 g. The animals were kept in a vivarium in accordance with sanitary rules and on a standard diet taken in the vivarium using compound feed. The drug “Aspir-35” was administered to rats and mice once in the morning on an empty stomach orally through a probe with a cannula in doses of 1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg of body weight. Animal feeding was started two hours after drug administration. The study of the toxicity of the drug “Aspir-35” during long-term subcutaneous administration was studied on rats with an initial body weight of 180–230 g divided according to the principle of analogues into two groups of 6 heads each. The animals were kept in similar conditions as in the study of the acute toxicity of the drug. The drug “Aspir-35” was administered to the rats of the experimental group subcutaneously daily for 18 days at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg of body weight. The drug “Aspir-35” did not cause the death of experimental rats and mice when administered once orally in doses of 1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg of body weight. On this basis, the drug “Aspir-35” can be attributed to the 4th class of danger according to the International Standard GOST 12.1.007-76, or to category 5 according to the International Global Classification of the Global Harmonized System, (GHS), since the LD50 of the drug “Aspir-35” when taken orally will exceed 5000 mg/kg of body weight. The drug “Aspir-35” in a dose of 0.5 ml/kg of body weight when administered subcutaneously for 18 days did not cause negative and harmful effects on the body of experimental rats, did not affect their growth and development, did not cause changes in the relative weight of internal organs and did not led to changes in hematological indicators in experimental animals. The analysis of the results of the conducted research indicates the relative harmlessness of the potential drug for veterinary medicine and allows us to predict that the drug “Aspir-35” can be classified as a low-risk substance, which justifies the feasibility of its further study and implementation in practice.","PeriodicalId":21677,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135369187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. I. Boychuk, V. I. Karpovskyi, I. A. Hryshchuk, V. A. Tomchuk, A. V. Hryshchuk, B. V. Gutyj, V. V. Karpovskyi
The relevance of the topic lies in the studied role of the autonomic nervous system in regulating the cardiovascular system in goats. The variability of the heart rate is a good indicator in the study of the animal's health quality and the analysis of its psychophysiological state in the farm. The purpose of the study is to establish the influence of the tone of autonomous nervous regulation on the body of goats, which is reflected in changes in the sympatho-vagal balance. Experimental studies were carried out on goats of the Zaanenska breed. A cardiograph was used to diagnose the variability of the heart rate, followed by the determination of the main indicators according to Baevsky's method, which included the determination of mode, mode amplitude, variation range, autonomic balance index, autonomic rhythm index, and stress index. Based on the results of the study, three research groups were formed: normotonics, vagotonics, and sympathotonics. Sympathotonic animals had high values of heart rate 96.80 ± 6.62, intensity of the R-R interval 35.30 ± 1.18, and low values of the value of the R-R interval 0.63 ± 0.04 (Р ≤ 0.05; Р ≤ 0.001). Vagotonic goats had the opposite features, characterized by a decrease in heart rate 58.4 ± 2.21, the intensity of the R-R interval 12.44 ± 1.11, and an increase in the value of the R-R interval 1.03 ± 0.04 (Р ≤ 0.01; Р ≤ 0.001). Normotonic animals, compared to other experimental groups, had average values. Based on the obtained results, goats, depending on the influence of the tone of the autonomic nervous system, have differences in the activity of the cardiovascular system. Due to this, their response to the stress factor will differ, which in turn will affect productivity. Determination of heart rate variability can become one of the indispensable indicators in the analysis of animal health on dairy farms. Therefore, this question is quite relevant, especially when studying the metabolic processes of the body of goats, to improve the efficiency of productivity while preserving the physiological state of the animal.
{"title":"Determination of heart rate variability as an indicator of the influence of the tone of the autonomic nervous system in goats","authors":"B. I. Boychuk, V. I. Karpovskyi, I. A. Hryshchuk, V. A. Tomchuk, A. V. Hryshchuk, B. V. Gutyj, V. V. Karpovskyi","doi":"10.32718/nvlvet11105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet11105","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the topic lies in the studied role of the autonomic nervous system in regulating the cardiovascular system in goats. The variability of the heart rate is a good indicator in the study of the animal's health quality and the analysis of its psychophysiological state in the farm. The purpose of the study is to establish the influence of the tone of autonomous nervous regulation on the body of goats, which is reflected in changes in the sympatho-vagal balance. Experimental studies were carried out on goats of the Zaanenska breed. A cardiograph was used to diagnose the variability of the heart rate, followed by the determination of the main indicators according to Baevsky's method, which included the determination of mode, mode amplitude, variation range, autonomic balance index, autonomic rhythm index, and stress index. Based on the results of the study, three research groups were formed: normotonics, vagotonics, and sympathotonics. Sympathotonic animals had high values of heart rate 96.80 ± 6.62, intensity of the R-R interval 35.30 ± 1.18, and low values of the value of the R-R interval 0.63 ± 0.04 (Р ≤ 0.05; Р ≤ 0.001). Vagotonic goats had the opposite features, characterized by a decrease in heart rate 58.4 ± 2.21, the intensity of the R-R interval 12.44 ± 1.11, and an increase in the value of the R-R interval 1.03 ± 0.04 (Р ≤ 0.01; Р ≤ 0.001). Normotonic animals, compared to other experimental groups, had average values. Based on the obtained results, goats, depending on the influence of the tone of the autonomic nervous system, have differences in the activity of the cardiovascular system. Due to this, their response to the stress factor will differ, which in turn will affect productivity. Determination of heart rate variability can become one of the indispensable indicators in the analysis of animal health on dairy farms. Therefore, this question is quite relevant, especially when studying the metabolic processes of the body of goats, to improve the efficiency of productivity while preserving the physiological state of the animal.","PeriodicalId":21677,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135369188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu. R. Hunchak, B. V. Gutyj, A. V. Hunchak, M. P. Soltys
Ensuring the veterinary and sanitary welfare of animals is essential. Parasitic diseases are especially dangerous for deer. Helminths cause considerable material damage to deer farms, mainly decreasing the productive, trophy, and marketable qualities of animals. This article studies the distribution and features of preventing helminthiasis of wild ungulates. In ungulate populations settled in new ecological conditions, helminth fauna formation depends on many factors. In particular, this process is influenced by the correct selection of the settlement area, the physiological state of animals, the organization of animal feeding, medical and preventive measures, etc. Among the main measures for preventing helminthiasis in deer in the conditions of their semi-free keeping (farms, aviaries), those that reduce the possibility of infection of animals with parasites common to domestic animals are also vital. Wild animals are much more often infected with helminths of domestic animals, and the most dangerous parasitosis for them are fasciolosis, parafasciolopsosis, cysticercosis, trichostrongylidosis of ruminants. Infection with nematodes Capillaria spp. is characteristic exclusively for red deer, and the intensity of infestation is higher for this species of ruminant ungulates in free-range conditions. According to some researchers, mecystocirosis and strongyloidosis are among the most common helminthiasis in deer, the infection with pathogens of which is 74.5 and 73.3 %, respectively. Parafasciolopsoses (IE – 5.9 %), nematodirus (IE – 5.9 %), and paramphistomatids (IE – 2.8 %) are found somewhat less often. Thus, the study of helminth fauna, the development and implementation of adequate means, and methods of prevention of parasites in wild animals acquire considerable relevance. There are several ways to prevent helminthiasis in hunting and aviary deer farms; when examining the land and choosing an area for aviaries for deer, a helminthological assessment should be taken into account; it is mandatory to examine animals for helminthiasis (parasitocenoses) and carry out deworming of all imported animals; carry out annual disinfestation of feeders, watering holes, places for feeding, protective structures for animals; it is crucial to rationally place biotechnical facilities in areas safe from parasitosis; infected animals with characteristic clinical signs of the disease must be culled. There is quite a lot of information in the available literature regarding the group method of using anthelmintics for deer.
{"title":"Helminthiasis of wild ungulates: helminth fauna. Spread and features of prevention","authors":"Yu. R. Hunchak, B. V. Gutyj, A. V. Hunchak, M. P. Soltys","doi":"10.32718/nvlvet11110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet11110","url":null,"abstract":"Ensuring the veterinary and sanitary welfare of animals is essential. Parasitic diseases are especially dangerous for deer. Helminths cause considerable material damage to deer farms, mainly decreasing the productive, trophy, and marketable qualities of animals. This article studies the distribution and features of preventing helminthiasis of wild ungulates. In ungulate populations settled in new ecological conditions, helminth fauna formation depends on many factors. In particular, this process is influenced by the correct selection of the settlement area, the physiological state of animals, the organization of animal feeding, medical and preventive measures, etc. Among the main measures for preventing helminthiasis in deer in the conditions of their semi-free keeping (farms, aviaries), those that reduce the possibility of infection of animals with parasites common to domestic animals are also vital. Wild animals are much more often infected with helminths of domestic animals, and the most dangerous parasitosis for them are fasciolosis, parafasciolopsosis, cysticercosis, trichostrongylidosis of ruminants. Infection with nematodes Capillaria spp. is characteristic exclusively for red deer, and the intensity of infestation is higher for this species of ruminant ungulates in free-range conditions. According to some researchers, mecystocirosis and strongyloidosis are among the most common helminthiasis in deer, the infection with pathogens of which is 74.5 and 73.3 %, respectively. Parafasciolopsoses (IE – 5.9 %), nematodirus (IE – 5.9 %), and paramphistomatids (IE – 2.8 %) are found somewhat less often. Thus, the study of helminth fauna, the development and implementation of adequate means, and methods of prevention of parasites in wild animals acquire considerable relevance. There are several ways to prevent helminthiasis in hunting and aviary deer farms; when examining the land and choosing an area for aviaries for deer, a helminthological assessment should be taken into account; it is mandatory to examine animals for helminthiasis (parasitocenoses) and carry out deworming of all imported animals; carry out annual disinfestation of feeders, watering holes, places for feeding, protective structures for animals; it is crucial to rationally place biotechnical facilities in areas safe from parasitosis; infected animals with characteristic clinical signs of the disease must be culled. There is quite a lot of information in the available literature regarding the group method of using anthelmintics for deer.","PeriodicalId":21677,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135369310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cat infectious diseases have become widespread due to the increase in the number of stray cats; feline viral panleukopenia is no exception. It is caused by a single-stranded DNA virus of feline parvovirus, characterized by high contagiousness, fever, damage to the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory organs, heart, general intoxication, and body dehydration. The research aimed to study the hematological indices of blood and biochemical indices of plasma in viral panleukopenia of cats. During the development of intestinal panleukopenia syndrome in animals, vomiting and diarrhea were noted. The development of inflammatory processes in the digestive organs causes pain in the abdominal cavity, due to which a specific “sitting posture” occurs. An acute course was most frequently noted, characterized by a sudden increase in temperature to 42 °C, vomiting, diarrhea, and cachexia. Studies of hematological indices of blood indicate the development of thrombocytosis, neutrophilia, monocytosis, and lymphocytosis, which corresponds to the acute course of the disease with a focal inflammatory process. Erythropenia leads to systemic disorders of the cardiovascular system, which provoke the weakening of the body, accompanied by cachexia. Studies of biochemical parameters of plasma indicate systemic disorders of organs developing in the body. Thus, an increase in total protein indices and globulin fractions indicates inflammatory processes in the body, particularly the digestive and urinary organs. In addition, one of the renal impairment indices was an increase in creatinine and urea, and an increase in glucose, total bilirubin, AST, and α-amylase indicates liver and pancreas dysfunction. In some cases, hepatitis and infectious toxicosis may develop. The study of hematological indices of blood and biochemical indices of plasma will ensure a complex picture of morphological changes that develop in the body of cats with panleukopenia. The obtained data will permit the monitoring of an animal's condition with the applied therapeutic scheme and the form of a prognosis.
{"title":"Clinical and hematological сhanges in viral panleukopenia in cats","authors":"I. Kolomak","doi":"10.32718/nvlvet11103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet11103","url":null,"abstract":"Cat infectious diseases have become widespread due to the increase in the number of stray cats; feline viral panleukopenia is no exception. It is caused by a single-stranded DNA virus of feline parvovirus, characterized by high contagiousness, fever, damage to the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory organs, heart, general intoxication, and body dehydration. The research aimed to study the hematological indices of blood and biochemical indices of plasma in viral panleukopenia of cats. During the development of intestinal panleukopenia syndrome in animals, vomiting and diarrhea were noted. The development of inflammatory processes in the digestive organs causes pain in the abdominal cavity, due to which a specific “sitting posture” occurs. An acute course was most frequently noted, characterized by a sudden increase in temperature to 42 °C, vomiting, diarrhea, and cachexia. Studies of hematological indices of blood indicate the development of thrombocytosis, neutrophilia, monocytosis, and lymphocytosis, which corresponds to the acute course of the disease with a focal inflammatory process. Erythropenia leads to systemic disorders of the cardiovascular system, which provoke the weakening of the body, accompanied by cachexia. Studies of biochemical parameters of plasma indicate systemic disorders of organs developing in the body. Thus, an increase in total protein indices and globulin fractions indicates inflammatory processes in the body, particularly the digestive and urinary organs. In addition, one of the renal impairment indices was an increase in creatinine and urea, and an increase in glucose, total bilirubin, AST, and α-amylase indicates liver and pancreas dysfunction. In some cases, hepatitis and infectious toxicosis may develop. The study of hematological indices of blood and biochemical indices of plasma will ensure a complex picture of morphological changes that develop in the body of cats with panleukopenia. The obtained data will permit the monitoring of an animal's condition with the applied therapeutic scheme and the form of a prognosis.","PeriodicalId":21677,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135369305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A timely blood test is essential to detect possible abnormalities in the body. Blood somewhat objectively reflects the state of the internal environment in which all metabolic processes take place. The blood test is one of the most informative laboratory diagnostic tools, which provides essential information about the functional state of various organs and systems of the body. The work aimed to investigate the changes in morphological parameters, protein profile, and activity of aminotransaminases in the blood of turkeys in the presence of keel “namins”. The research was carried out at “Indykat” Ltd. in the village Kadubivtsi of the Lviv region on turkeys of the Big-6 breed on two groups of turkeys, 10 birds each. The turkeys of the control group were clinically healthy, and those of the experimental group had visible clinical signs of “namin” on the keel. The results of the research showed that the number of erythrocytes in the blood of clinically healthy birds was 2.5 ± 0.19 T/l, leukocytes – 21.8 ± 1.36 G/l, hemoglobin content – 90.5 ± 2.54 g/l, and the hematocrit was equal to 29.4 ± 1.44 %. In the presence of “namins” in the blood of turkeys, the number of leukocytes and hematocrit, compared to the control, was higher by 15.2 and 3.8 %, respectively, and the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin content was lower by 16.1 and 11.3 %. Analyzing the leukogram of the blood of the turkeys of the research group, the appearance of basophilic leukocytes and young neutrophils was established, the number of which was 1.1 ± 0.08 and 0.2 ± 0.01 %, respectively. Compared to the control, the number of rod-shaped and segmented neutrophils was higher by 1.3 and 6.3 %, monocytes by 16.3 %, and eosinophils and lymphocytes were lower by 1.3 and 16.8 % and amounted to 6, 3 ± 0.27 and 41.1 ± 2.41 %. The level of total protein in the blood of birds in the pectoral muscles that developed and formed “namins” was 26.4 ± 1.35 g/l and was 6.7 % lower than that of the experimental group. In the presence of “namins” on the keels of turkeys, a 4.4 % higher level of globulins, which perform a protective function, and a 17.1 % lower amount of albumins were found. The pathological process that developed in the pectoral muscles of turkeys led to an increase in the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in the blood of turkeys to 32.4 ± 1.23 and 314.2 ± 14.2 units/l, which was more significant than indicators of the control group by 8.6 and 8.3 %, respectively.
{"title":"Peculiarities of the morphological composition, protein profile, and activity of aminotransferases in the blood of turkeys in the presence of keel “namins”","authors":"R. I. Fedyniak, R. A. Peleno","doi":"10.32718/nvlvet11101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet11101","url":null,"abstract":"A timely blood test is essential to detect possible abnormalities in the body. Blood somewhat objectively reflects the state of the internal environment in which all metabolic processes take place. The blood test is one of the most informative laboratory diagnostic tools, which provides essential information about the functional state of various organs and systems of the body. The work aimed to investigate the changes in morphological parameters, protein profile, and activity of aminotransaminases in the blood of turkeys in the presence of keel “namins”. The research was carried out at “Indykat” Ltd. in the village Kadubivtsi of the Lviv region on turkeys of the Big-6 breed on two groups of turkeys, 10 birds each. The turkeys of the control group were clinically healthy, and those of the experimental group had visible clinical signs of “namin” on the keel. The results of the research showed that the number of erythrocytes in the blood of clinically healthy birds was 2.5 ± 0.19 T/l, leukocytes – 21.8 ± 1.36 G/l, hemoglobin content – 90.5 ± 2.54 g/l, and the hematocrit was equal to 29.4 ± 1.44 %. In the presence of “namins” in the blood of turkeys, the number of leukocytes and hematocrit, compared to the control, was higher by 15.2 and 3.8 %, respectively, and the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin content was lower by 16.1 and 11.3 %. Analyzing the leukogram of the blood of the turkeys of the research group, the appearance of basophilic leukocytes and young neutrophils was established, the number of which was 1.1 ± 0.08 and 0.2 ± 0.01 %, respectively. Compared to the control, the number of rod-shaped and segmented neutrophils was higher by 1.3 and 6.3 %, monocytes by 16.3 %, and eosinophils and lymphocytes were lower by 1.3 and 16.8 % and amounted to 6, 3 ± 0.27 and 41.1 ± 2.41 %. The level of total protein in the blood of birds in the pectoral muscles that developed and formed “namins” was 26.4 ± 1.35 g/l and was 6.7 % lower than that of the experimental group. In the presence of “namins” on the keels of turkeys, a 4.4 % higher level of globulins, which perform a protective function, and a 17.1 % lower amount of albumins were found. The pathological process that developed in the pectoral muscles of turkeys led to an increase in the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in the blood of turkeys to 32.4 ± 1.23 and 314.2 ± 14.2 units/l, which was more significant than indicators of the control group by 8.6 and 8.3 %, respectively.","PeriodicalId":21677,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135369309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urocystitis is the most common disease of the urinary tract, which has different etiology and can be complicated by bacterial microflora. There are many factors that can contribute to the occurrence of bacterial urocystitis in small animals: chronic inflammatory processes of non-infectious origin, urolithiasis, localization of the bacterial focus in the organs and tissues adjacent to the urethra. Often, during the course of urocystitis, bacteria play the role of a complicating factor or are the main cause of infectious urocystitis in dogs and cats. Therefore, microorganisms that penetrate through the urethra into the bladder can be both gram-positive or gram-negative, highly pathogenic or conditionally pathogenic, which, under favorable conditions created during the course of inflammation, begin to pose a danger to a sick animal. Their identification and determination of resistance to antibiotics is the key to quality treatment and quick recovery during the course of bacterial urocystitis. While the differentiation of infectious from non-infectious urocystitis makes it possible to prevent the irrational use of antibiotics in veterinary practice and to prevent the formation of multiresistant bacterias to different groups of antibiotics. In order to find out the percentage ratio of infectious and non-infectious urocystitis, to determine the species composition of the microflora and its sensitivity to antibiotics of different groups, an aseptic urine sample was taken from animals with urocystitis. Initially, after obtaining the material for examination, urine was subjected to microscopy, followed by cultivation and determination of sensitivity to antibiotics of all obtained cultures of microorganisms. The study was conducted on 82 sick cats and dogs. Of all tested samples, 70.7 % had no growth on nutrient media during the cultivation, while 29.3 % had bacterial growth on meat peptone agar, meat peptone broth, and blood agar. This indicates that almost every third animal under study has bacterial urocystitis, which requires treatment with antibiotics. During cultivation was found the largest number of cultures of Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli, which show sensitivity to fluoroquinolone antibiotics (enrofloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin) and cephalosporins (cefazalin, cephalexin, and ceftriaxone).
{"title":"Research on the incidence of infectious urocystitis in dogs and cats and their main causative agents","authors":"Yu. V. Martyniv, Ya. V. Kisera, N. O. Kashliak","doi":"10.32718/nvlvet11115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet11115","url":null,"abstract":"Urocystitis is the most common disease of the urinary tract, which has different etiology and can be complicated by bacterial microflora. There are many factors that can contribute to the occurrence of bacterial urocystitis in small animals: chronic inflammatory processes of non-infectious origin, urolithiasis, localization of the bacterial focus in the organs and tissues adjacent to the urethra. Often, during the course of urocystitis, bacteria play the role of a complicating factor or are the main cause of infectious urocystitis in dogs and cats. Therefore, microorganisms that penetrate through the urethra into the bladder can be both gram-positive or gram-negative, highly pathogenic or conditionally pathogenic, which, under favorable conditions created during the course of inflammation, begin to pose a danger to a sick animal. Their identification and determination of resistance to antibiotics is the key to quality treatment and quick recovery during the course of bacterial urocystitis. While the differentiation of infectious from non-infectious urocystitis makes it possible to prevent the irrational use of antibiotics in veterinary practice and to prevent the formation of multiresistant bacterias to different groups of antibiotics. In order to find out the percentage ratio of infectious and non-infectious urocystitis, to determine the species composition of the microflora and its sensitivity to antibiotics of different groups, an aseptic urine sample was taken from animals with urocystitis. Initially, after obtaining the material for examination, urine was subjected to microscopy, followed by cultivation and determination of sensitivity to antibiotics of all obtained cultures of microorganisms. The study was conducted on 82 sick cats and dogs. Of all tested samples, 70.7 % had no growth on nutrient media during the cultivation, while 29.3 % had bacterial growth on meat peptone agar, meat peptone broth, and blood agar. This indicates that almost every third animal under study has bacterial urocystitis, which requires treatment with antibiotics. During cultivation was found the largest number of cultures of Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli, which show sensitivity to fluoroquinolone antibiotics (enrofloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin) and cephalosporins (cefazalin, cephalexin, and ceftriaxone).","PeriodicalId":21677,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135369489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study of the fish caught in the reservoirs of the Khadzhibey estuary (Odesa region) was conducted in order to determine its quality and safety according to microbiological indicators. No pathogenic or conditionally pathogenic microorganisms were found in all the fish samples studied – mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio) and round goby (Neogobius melanostomus). During the study of physico-chemical indicators of water quality and safety of the estuary, water samples were taken for the content of pesticides, insecticides and heavy metals. The content of cadmium, copper, lead and mercury does not exceed the permissible level for fish farms, zinc exceeds the maximum permissible concentration by 2.3 – 3.0 % (depending on the period of the year). The insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloromethylmethane was found in the water, the content of which exceeds the maximum allowable concentration for sea fishing ponds by 18 %, and the pesticide beta-hexochlorocyclohexane – by 5.2 %. It has been studied and established that the fish caught in the estuary, according to its microbiological and physicochemical indicators, is safe, does not pose a threat to the health of people and animals, and is suitable for further use and consumption.
{"title":"Quality indicators of fish from the water of the southern region of Ukraine","authors":"O. O. Holubenko, L. O. Tarasenko, V. O. Rud","doi":"10.32718/nvlvet11119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet11119","url":null,"abstract":"A study of the fish caught in the reservoirs of the Khadzhibey estuary (Odesa region) was conducted in order to determine its quality and safety according to microbiological indicators. No pathogenic or conditionally pathogenic microorganisms were found in all the fish samples studied – mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio) and round goby (Neogobius melanostomus). During the study of physico-chemical indicators of water quality and safety of the estuary, water samples were taken for the content of pesticides, insecticides and heavy metals. The content of cadmium, copper, lead and mercury does not exceed the permissible level for fish farms, zinc exceeds the maximum permissible concentration by 2.3 – 3.0 % (depending on the period of the year). The insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloromethylmethane was found in the water, the content of which exceeds the maximum allowable concentration for sea fishing ponds by 18 %, and the pesticide beta-hexochlorocyclohexane – by 5.2 %. It has been studied and established that the fish caught in the estuary, according to its microbiological and physicochemical indicators, is safe, does not pose a threat to the health of people and animals, and is suitable for further use and consumption.","PeriodicalId":21677,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135369490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. M. Brezvyn, I. Ya. Kotsiumbas, D. V. Hyrenko, T. V. Lukianenko, O. B. Shmychkova, L. V. Dmitrikova, O. B. Velichenko
The article presents materials on developing quality control methods for hypochlorite acid obtained by electrochemical synthesis. Electrochemical synthesis of hypochlorous acid was carried out using a combined electrochemical-pyrolytic method. The electrocatalytic activity of the obtained materials in the hypochlorite acid synthesis reaction was evaluated under the electrolysis of 0.05 M NaCl solutions in a duct cell with a Ti cathode at 25 ºС. The cathode area was varied, so the cathode current density was 40 mA/cm2. The pH of the solutions was monitored with a pX-150MI universal ionometer. The volumetric current density in the channel cell was 2.4 A/dm3, and the volumetric rate of solution supply was 9.5 l/h. The authors developed an original method of iodometric titration, which is based on the sequential determination of the content of hypochlorite ions, their total content with chlorite ions, and the total content simultaneously with chlorite and chlorate ions. The content of individual components of the mixture is determined as the difference between the total content of ions and the content of hypochlorite ions. The iodometric method of titration of oxidants is based on the reaction of replacing oxygen-containing compounds of chlorine with elemental iodine with its subsequent titration with standard solutions of sodium thiosulfate. It is proposed to fix the endpoint of the titration potentiometrically, which allows you to speed up the analysis, and it is also relatively easy to automate it using an automatic titrator. The content of oxygen-containing compounds in the solutions depends on the oxidation conditions and the specified operating modes of the electrochemical catalyst. The solution's acidity determines the presence of hypochlorous acid and can be calculated based on the equilibrium constant of its dissociation. The developed analysis methods will allow the control of the quality of veterinary drugs based on hypochlorous acid obtained by electrochemical synthesis.
本文介绍了电化学合成次氯酸酸质量控制方法的研究进展。采用电化学-热解相结合的方法进行了次氯酸的电化学合成。以0.05 M NaCl溶液为电解液，在25ºС的Ti阴极管槽中，对所得材料在次氯酸合成反应中的电催化活性进行了评价。阴极面积变化，阴极电流密度为40 mA/cm2。用pX-150MI通用离子计监测溶液的pH值。通道电池的体积电流密度为2.4 A/dm3，供液体积速率为9.5 l/h。本文提出了一种新颖的碘量滴定法，即依次测定次氯酸盐离子的含量、次氯酸盐离子的总含量以及次氯酸盐离子和氯酸盐离子同时测定的总含量。混合物中各组分的含量由离子总含量与次氯酸盐离子含量之差确定。氧化剂的碘量滴定法是用单质碘取代氯的含氧化合物，然后用硫代硫酸钠的标准溶液滴定。建议用滴定电位固定终点，这样可以加快分析速度，并且使用自动滴定器也相对容易实现自动化。溶液中含氧化合物的含量取决于氧化条件和电化学催化剂的规定工作模式。溶液的酸度决定了次氯酸的存在，可以根据其解离的平衡常数来计算。所建立的分析方法将使以电化学合成的次氯酸为原料的兽药质量控制成为可能。
{"title":"Development of methods for controlling the quality of hypochlorous acid solution obtained by electrochemical synthesis","authors":"O. M. Brezvyn, I. Ya. Kotsiumbas, D. V. Hyrenko, T. V. Lukianenko, O. B. Shmychkova, L. V. Dmitrikova, O. B. Velichenko","doi":"10.32718/nvlvet11107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet11107","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents materials on developing quality control methods for hypochlorite acid obtained by electrochemical synthesis. Electrochemical synthesis of hypochlorous acid was carried out using a combined electrochemical-pyrolytic method. The electrocatalytic activity of the obtained materials in the hypochlorite acid synthesis reaction was evaluated under the electrolysis of 0.05 M NaCl solutions in a duct cell with a Ti cathode at 25 ºС. The cathode area was varied, so the cathode current density was 40 mA/cm2. The pH of the solutions was monitored with a pX-150MI universal ionometer. The volumetric current density in the channel cell was 2.4 A/dm3, and the volumetric rate of solution supply was 9.5 l/h. The authors developed an original method of iodometric titration, which is based on the sequential determination of the content of hypochlorite ions, their total content with chlorite ions, and the total content simultaneously with chlorite and chlorate ions. The content of individual components of the mixture is determined as the difference between the total content of ions and the content of hypochlorite ions. The iodometric method of titration of oxidants is based on the reaction of replacing oxygen-containing compounds of chlorine with elemental iodine with its subsequent titration with standard solutions of sodium thiosulfate. It is proposed to fix the endpoint of the titration potentiometrically, which allows you to speed up the analysis, and it is also relatively easy to automate it using an automatic titrator. The content of oxygen-containing compounds in the solutions depends on the oxidation conditions and the specified operating modes of the electrochemical catalyst. The solution's acidity determines the presence of hypochlorous acid and can be calculated based on the equilibrium constant of its dissociation. The developed analysis methods will allow the control of the quality of veterinary drugs based on hypochlorous acid obtained by electrochemical synthesis.","PeriodicalId":21677,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135369184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acute heart failure and arterial thromboembolism are common complications of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats. These conditions have many common links in pathogenesis, so analyzing the differences between them improves the understanding of the impact of vessel occlusion on the body. In the study, 40 clinical cases were analyzed and two groups were formed: the first – cats with arterial thromboembolism and the second – cats with acute heart failure. The data from anamnesis, clinical examination and echocardiographic examination were collected. Age, sex, breed, weight, temperature, frequency of respiratory movements, signs of dyspnea, presence of pulmonary edema, presence of free fluid in the chest and pericardial cavities were analyzed. The following echocardiographic parameters were analyzed: left ventricular wall thickness, left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic dimensions, diameters of the aorta and left atrium, heart rate and left ventricular contraction fraction. It was established that the majority of animals from both groups were males. Acute heart failure was registered mainly in young cats (M = 3.7), in contrast to animals with arterial thromboembolism (M = 6.7), (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the values of rectal temperature, weight, heart rate, aortic diameter, and left ventricular contraction fraction. Most animals from both groups had signs of dyspnoea. The difference in the frequency of respiratory movements was significant (P < 0.01). In cats with acute heart failure, pulmonary edema was diagnosed in 85%, free fluid in the thoracic and/or pericardial cavities in 55 %. In animals with thromboembolism, edema was found in 45 %, and effusion in the chest and/or pericardial cavities in 30 % of animals. The established differences indicate that arterial thromboembolism develops in animals that have had heart pathology for a longer period of time, whereas acute heart failure occurs more suddenly in cats.
{"title":"Acute heart failure and cardiogenic arterial thromboembolism in cats: clinical and echocardiographic features","authors":"A. S. Petrushko, N. H. Grushanska","doi":"10.32718/nvlvet11102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet11102","url":null,"abstract":"Acute heart failure and arterial thromboembolism are common complications of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats. These conditions have many common links in pathogenesis, so analyzing the differences between them improves the understanding of the impact of vessel occlusion on the body. In the study, 40 clinical cases were analyzed and two groups were formed: the first – cats with arterial thromboembolism and the second – cats with acute heart failure. The data from anamnesis, clinical examination and echocardiographic examination were collected. Age, sex, breed, weight, temperature, frequency of respiratory movements, signs of dyspnea, presence of pulmonary edema, presence of free fluid in the chest and pericardial cavities were analyzed. The following echocardiographic parameters were analyzed: left ventricular wall thickness, left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic dimensions, diameters of the aorta and left atrium, heart rate and left ventricular contraction fraction. It was established that the majority of animals from both groups were males. Acute heart failure was registered mainly in young cats (M = 3.7), in contrast to animals with arterial thromboembolism (M = 6.7), (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the values of rectal temperature, weight, heart rate, aortic diameter, and left ventricular contraction fraction. Most animals from both groups had signs of dyspnoea. The difference in the frequency of respiratory movements was significant (P < 0.01). In cats with acute heart failure, pulmonary edema was diagnosed in 85%, free fluid in the thoracic and/or pericardial cavities in 55 %. In animals with thromboembolism, edema was found in 45 %, and effusion in the chest and/or pericardial cavities in 30 % of animals. The established differences indicate that arterial thromboembolism develops in animals that have had heart pathology for a longer period of time, whereas acute heart failure occurs more suddenly in cats.","PeriodicalId":21677,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135369306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. M. Poberezhets, G. M. Ohorodnichuk, O. P. Razanova, B. V. Gutyj, O. I. Skoromna, T. V. Farionik
Mineral elements play an essential role in the metabolic processes carried out in the animal body at the cellular level. They support homeostasis, acid-base balance, and osmotic pressure. Lack of mineral elements leads to disturbances in metabolic metabolism, reduced productivity, and increased morbidity in poultry. Therefore, the research aimed to establish the effect of selenium-containing feed additives on broiler chickens' live weight, gains, feed consumption, slaughter, and hematological indicators. Selenium – exchanges proteins, fats, and carbohydrates to regulate enzymatic and redox reactions. The introduction of selenium into animals' rations contributes to the normalization of metabolism, preventing the accumulation of toxic oxidation products and damage to the cell membrane. The experiment lasted 42 days. Two groups of Ross-308 cross-broiler chickens, 20 heads each, were selected for the experiment. In addition to compound feed, the second experimental group used a mineral feed additive at the rate of 100 g per 1 ton of compound feed. When broiler chickens were fed a mineral feed additive, live weight increased by 4.9 %, average daily weight gain by 4.8 %, and absolute weight gain by 5.0 %, relative to control counterparts. It was established that using a mineral feed additive in feeding broiler chickens of the 2nd group, the consumption of feed per 1 kg of growth decreased by 9.0 %, compared to control analogs. It was found that the pre-slaughter live weight of broiler chickens of the 2nd group increased by 5.0 %, the weight of non-carcass carcass by 5.6 %, half-carcass by 5.5 %, and carcass weight by 6.2 %, compared to the control value. In addition, under the influence of the studied feed additive, the mass of the pectoral muscles in broilers of the 2nd group increases by 16.0 % (Р ≤ 0.05) and thigh muscles by 36.0 % (Р ≤ 0.001) relative to control indicators. It was found that in the broilers of the 2nd group, under the influence of the additive, the slaughter yield of the thigh muscles increased by 29.4 % (Р ≤ 0.05) compared to the control group. It was established that under the action of the mineral supplement, the level of hemoglobin in broiler chickens of the 2nd group increased by 5.3 % (Р ≤ 0.05) relative to the control value.
{"title":"Effect of mineral feed additive on productivity of broiler chickens","authors":"J. M. Poberezhets, G. M. Ohorodnichuk, O. P. Razanova, B. V. Gutyj, O. I. Skoromna, T. V. Farionik","doi":"10.32718/nvlvet11104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet11104","url":null,"abstract":"Mineral elements play an essential role in the metabolic processes carried out in the animal body at the cellular level. They support homeostasis, acid-base balance, and osmotic pressure. Lack of mineral elements leads to disturbances in metabolic metabolism, reduced productivity, and increased morbidity in poultry. Therefore, the research aimed to establish the effect of selenium-containing feed additives on broiler chickens' live weight, gains, feed consumption, slaughter, and hematological indicators. Selenium – exchanges proteins, fats, and carbohydrates to regulate enzymatic and redox reactions. The introduction of selenium into animals' rations contributes to the normalization of metabolism, preventing the accumulation of toxic oxidation products and damage to the cell membrane. The experiment lasted 42 days. Two groups of Ross-308 cross-broiler chickens, 20 heads each, were selected for the experiment. In addition to compound feed, the second experimental group used a mineral feed additive at the rate of 100 g per 1 ton of compound feed. When broiler chickens were fed a mineral feed additive, live weight increased by 4.9 %, average daily weight gain by 4.8 %, and absolute weight gain by 5.0 %, relative to control counterparts. It was established that using a mineral feed additive in feeding broiler chickens of the 2nd group, the consumption of feed per 1 kg of growth decreased by 9.0 %, compared to control analogs. It was found that the pre-slaughter live weight of broiler chickens of the 2nd group increased by 5.0 %, the weight of non-carcass carcass by 5.6 %, half-carcass by 5.5 %, and carcass weight by 6.2 %, compared to the control value. In addition, under the influence of the studied feed additive, the mass of the pectoral muscles in broilers of the 2nd group increases by 16.0 % (Р ≤ 0.05) and thigh muscles by 36.0 % (Р ≤ 0.001) relative to control indicators. It was found that in the broilers of the 2nd group, under the influence of the additive, the slaughter yield of the thigh muscles increased by 29.4 % (Р ≤ 0.05) compared to the control group. It was established that under the action of the mineral supplement, the level of hemoglobin in broiler chickens of the 2nd group increased by 5.3 % (Р ≤ 0.05) relative to the control value.","PeriodicalId":21677,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135369487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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