Seminars in cell & developmental biology最新文献

英文中文

Chlamydomonas as a model system for the study of cilia and eukaryotic flagella 衣单胞菌作为研究纤毛和真核鞭毛的模式系统。

IF 6 2区生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY

Seminars in cell & developmental biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103658

Xuecheng Li , Qingqing Liu , Junmin Pan

Chlamydomonas is a haploid, unicellular green alga that serves as an excellent model system for studying ciliary biology. It possesses two motile cilia of equal length, making it ideal for investigating both ciliogenesis and ciliary motility, as well as cilia-based signaling. The organism's ease of cultivation, the simplicity of cilia isolation, and the availability of well-established experimental systems for rapid and synchronous cilia regeneration and disassembly contribute to its utility in laboratory research. Furthermore, Chlamydomonas is highly amenable to a variety of genetic approaches, enhancing its value as a model organism. Due to the high degree of conservation in the core mechanisms governing ciliary structure and function, discoveries made in Chlamydomonas have significantly advanced our understanding of cilia across species and have provided important insights into cilia-related human disorders. In this overview, we summarize the key cellular features, life cycle stages, ciliary architecture and dynamics, ciliary behavior, biochemical and genetic advantages of Chlamydomonas as a model organism. Our goal is to provide a foundational perspective for those new to ciliary research in Chlamydomonas - including early-career scientists, experienced researchers transitioning from other fields, and cilia experts working with alternative model systems.

衣藻是一种单细胞的单倍体绿藻，是研究纤毛生物学的一个很好的模型系统。它具有两个相同长度的运动纤毛，使其成为研究纤毛发生和纤毛运动性以及纤毛信号传导的理想工具。该生物易于培养，纤毛分离简单，以及建立完善的实验系统可用于快速和同步的纤毛再生和拆卸，这有助于其在实验室研究中的应用。此外，衣藻高度适应各种遗传方法，提高了其作为模式生物的价值。由于控制纤毛结构和功能的核心机制高度保守，在衣单胞菌中的发现大大提高了我们对不同物种纤毛的理解，并为与纤毛相关的人类疾病提供了重要的见解。本文综述了衣藻作为一种模式生物的主要细胞特征、生命周期阶段、纤毛结构和动力学、纤毛行为、生化和遗传优势。我们的目标是为那些新的衣藻纤毛研究提供一个基础的观点-包括早期职业科学家，从其他领域过渡的经验丰富的研究人员，以及使用替代模型系统的纤毛专家。

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引用次数: 0

How to get the most out of your cancer spatial transcriptomics data 如何充分利用你的癌症空间转录组学数据。

IF 6 2区生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY

Seminars in cell & developmental biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103657

David I. Kaplan , Xiang Guo , Sasuni D. Hirimuthugoda , Lachlan Cain , Sirui Weng , David Le , James Comben , Anna S. Trigos

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) has emerged as a powerful tool in cancer research, significantly expanding our capacity to study the complexity of tumour ecosystems. Together with the diversity of ST platforms, a plethora of analysis approaches and tools have been developed with the goal of extracting distinct aspects of biological information contained in the data. From visualizing gene expression in the context of tissue structure and cell morphology, to the exploitation of machine learning and spatial statistics to identify cell neighbourhoods, quantify tumour heterogeneity and map cell-cell signalling networks, there is a current explosion of novel analyses techniques. Unfortunately, this makes it challenging to develop workflows and strategies for data analysis, especially for those new to the field. This review serves to offer a path to cancer researchers who recognise the potential of ST and would like to start their data analysis journey. We cover the main analysis approaches used to address common research questions associated with ST data in cancer, highlighting commonly used tools, as well as discuss emerging analysis techniques that hold the potential to leverage the richness of the data at an unprecedented scale. Finally, we end by highlighting considerations when designing ST projects, from experimental design, to assembling teams and managing the rapid flux of ST technologies. We anticipate this review will be useful resource for researchers to not just seek analysis strategies to answer their current research questions, but also provide inspiration to further take advantage of the wealth of information provided by ST data.

空间转录组学（ST）已成为癌症研究的有力工具，极大地扩展了我们研究肿瘤生态系统复杂性的能力。随着ST平台的多样性，已经开发了大量的分析方法和工具，目的是提取数据中包含的生物信息的不同方面。从可视化组织结构和细胞形态背景下的基因表达，到利用机器学习和空间统计来识别细胞邻域、量化肿瘤异质性和绘制细胞-细胞信号网络，目前出现了大量新的分析技术。不幸的是，这使得开发数据分析的工作流程和策略变得具有挑战性，特别是对那些刚进入该领域的人来说。这篇综述为认识到ST潜力并希望开始数据分析之旅的癌症研究人员提供了一条途径。我们涵盖了用于解决与癌症ST数据相关的常见研究问题的主要分析方法，重点介绍了常用工具，并讨论了新兴的分析技术，这些分析技术有可能以前所未有的规模利用数据的丰富性。最后，我们强调了设计ST项目时的考虑因素，从实验设计到组建团队和管理ST技术的快速变化。我们期望这篇综述不仅能为研究人员寻求分析策略来回答他们当前的研究问题提供有用的资源，而且还能为进一步利用ST数据提供的丰富信息提供灵感。

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引用次数: 0

Approximating the living 贴近生活

IF 6 2区生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY

Seminars in cell & developmental biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103646

Rob Phillips

Is a herd of wildebeest better thought of as a series of individual animals, each with its own glorious and unmanageable volition, or as a field of moving arrows? Are the morphogen gradients that set up the coordinate systems for embryonic anterior–posterior patterning a smooth and continuous concentration field or instead a chaotic collection of protein molecules each jiggling about in the haphazard way first described by Robert Brown in his microscopical observations of pollen? Is water, the great liquid ether of the living world, a collection of discrete molecules or instead a perfectly continuous medium with a density of

\approx

1000 kg/m

^{3}

? In this article, I will argue that these questions pose a false dichotomy since there are many different and powerful representations of the world around us. Different representations suit us differently at different times and it is often useful to be able to hold these seemingly contradictory notions in our heads simultaneously. Indeed, mathematics is not only the language of representation, but often is also the engine of reconciliation of such disparate views. In a letter to Alfred Russel Wallace on 14 April 1869, Charles Darwin noted that Lord Kelvin’s “views on the recent age of the world have been for some time one of my sorest troubles”. Here, I will argue that one of the highest attainments of the scientific enterprise is a coherent picture of the world, a picture in which our stories about the geological age of the Earth are coherent with our stories of how whales populated the oceans, our understanding of the living jibes with our understanding of the inanimate, our insights into the dynamics of genes and molecular structures are consonant with our physical understanding of the laws of statistical physics. The underpinnings of such coherency are often best revealed when viewed through the lens of mathematics.

一群角马应该被看作是一系列独立的动物，每只动物都有自己辉煌而难以控制的意志，还是一大片移动的箭？为胚胎前后模式建立坐标系统的形态发生梯度是一个平滑而连续的浓度场，还是像罗伯特·布朗在他对花粉的显微镜观察中首次描述的那样，是一组杂乱无章的蛋白质分子，每个分子都以随意的方式摇摆？水，生命世界中最伟大的液体醚，是离散分子的集合，还是密度为≈1000kg /m3的完美连续介质？在这篇文章中，我将论证这些问题构成了一个错误的二分法，因为我们周围的世界有许多不同且强大的表征。不同的表象在不同的时间适合我们，能够同时在我们的头脑中持有这些看似矛盾的概念通常是有用的。事实上，数学不仅是表达的语言，而且常常是调和这些不同观点的引擎。1869年4月14日，查尔斯·达尔文在给阿尔弗雷德·罗素·华莱士的一封信中指出，开尔文勋爵“对近代世界的看法一度是我最头疼的问题之一”。在这里，我想说的是，科学事业的最高成就之一是一幅连贯的世界图景，在这幅图景中，我们关于地球地质年代的故事与我们关于鲸鱼如何在海洋中繁衍的故事是一致的，我们对生物的理解与我们对无生命的理解是一致的，我们对基因和分子结构动力学的见解与我们对统计物理定律的物理理解是一致的。从数学的角度来看，这种一致性的基础往往是最好的揭示。

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引用次数: 0

The mechanics of shaping organs in plants 植物器官形成的机制

IF 6 2区生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY

Seminars in cell & developmental biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103640

Ankita Dash , Mabel Maria Mathew , Kalika Prasad

Mechanical forces are instrumental to shaping lifeforms, influencing development from the subcellular scale to the organismal scale. Here, we explore how mechanical forces manifest themselves in plants, driving deformations such as tissue folding, buckling, undulating patterns, and edge curving. These deformations result from modulations in fundamental cellular processes such as cell division, cell expansion, cell wall mechanics, and cytoskeletal organization. Cytoskeletal structure like microtubules, actin filaments respond to mechanical cues by generating localized stress patterns that shape cell structure and function. Mechanical forces can also regulate gene expression and gate mechanosensitive channels to regulate ion fluxes, thereby integrating physical forces with biochemical properties. We draw parallels between plant and animal kingdoms to show how these two kingdoms utilize mechanochemical effects to drive growth and morphogenesis.

机械力是塑造生命形式的工具，影响着从亚细胞尺度到有机体尺度的发展。在这里，我们探索机械力如何在植物中表现出来，驱动组织折叠、屈曲、波动模式和边缘弯曲等变形。这些变形是由细胞分裂、细胞扩增、细胞壁力学和细胞骨架组织等基本细胞过程的调节引起的。细胞骨架结构如微管、肌动蛋白丝通过产生局部应力模式来响应机械信号，从而塑造细胞结构和功能。机械力还可以调节基因表达，开启机械敏感通道来调节离子通量，从而将物理力与生化特性结合起来。我们在植物和动物王国之间进行了类比，以说明这两个王国如何利用机械化学效应来驱动生长和形态发生。

引用次数: 0

In vitro modeling of cell types in cardiogenesis and congenital heart disease 心脏发生和先天性心脏病细胞类型的体外建模。

IF 6 2区生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY

Seminars in cell & developmental biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103656

Sanjeev S. Ranade

Congenital heart defects (CHD) are present in nearly 1 % of live births and are a leading cause of infant mortality. Despite advances in genome sequencing technologies and an increased understanding of the genes necessary for heart development, the etiology of a majority of CHD cases remains undefined. Recent breakthroughs in single-cell genomics, lineage tracing, and live imaging in animal models of cardiogenesis have revealed the precise spatiotemporal dynamics of discrete cell types in heart development. Here, I review how these findings have informed the development of new human pluripotent stem cell methods to generate a diverse range of cells in cardiogenesis. A key unifying theme is that multipotent cardiac progenitor cells are extraordinarily responsive to slight changes to signaling factors administered at various stages of cardiac differentiation. I highlight how the ability to make a range of cardiac cell types can be used to define context specific mechanisms of CHD. I then describe how in vitro human models of cardiogenesis are especially important in cases of severe forms of CHD, such as single ventricle disorders, for which the complex genetic underlying mechanisms are poorly defined and animal models are lacking.

先天性心脏缺陷（CHD）存在于近1 %的活产婴儿中，是婴儿死亡的主要原因。尽管基因组测序技术取得了进步，对心脏发育所需基因的了解也有所增加，但大多数冠心病病例的病因仍不明确。最近在单细胞基因组学、谱系追踪和心脏发生动物模型的实时成像方面的突破揭示了心脏发育中离散细胞类型的精确时空动态。在这里，我回顾了这些发现如何为新的人类多能干细胞方法的发展提供信息，以在心脏发生中产生多种细胞。一个关键的统一主题是，多能性心脏祖细胞对在心脏分化的各个阶段给予的信号因子的轻微变化具有非凡的反应。我强调了如何利用制造一系列心脏细胞类型的能力来定义冠心病的特定机制。然后，我描述了体外心脏发生的人类模型在严重形式的冠心病（如单心室疾病）的情况下是如何特别重要的，因为复杂的遗传潜在机制尚未明确，而且缺乏动物模型。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanics of force transmission in epithelia: From cell-to-cell propagation to nuclear response 上皮内力传递的机制：从细胞间繁殖到核反应。

IF 6 2区生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY

Seminars in cell & developmental biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103662

Ronan Bouzignac, Magali Suzanne

Mechanical forces play essential roles during morphogenesis, enabling cells to change shape or reorganize to form new structures. Recent questions in the field of mechanobiology focus on how these locally generated forces propagate and the extent of their propagation. This phenomenon can be observed at multiple scales (across tissues, where supracellular actomyosin structures interconnected at cell–cell junctions transmit forces, or within individual cells, where mechanical cues can influence the nucleus). In the first part of this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of force propagation along epithelial apical surfaces, including factors that facilitate it, such as tissue curvature and polarity. In the second part, we examine how mechanical forces affect nuclear shape and integrity at the single-cell level, beginning with in vitro studies of nuclear responses to mechanical stress and extending to the less-explored mechanical behavior of nuclei in more complex, integrated model systems.

机械力在形态发生过程中起着至关重要的作用，使细胞改变形状或重组形成新的结构。机械生物学领域最近的问题集中在这些局部产生的力是如何传播的以及它们传播的程度。这种现象可以在多个尺度上观察到（跨组织，在细胞-细胞连接处相互连接的细胞上肌动球蛋白结构传递力，或在单个细胞内，机械信号可以影响细胞核）。在这篇综述的第一部分中，我们重点介绍了我们对上皮细胞顶端表面的力传播的理解的最新进展，包括促进它的因素，如组织曲率和极性。在第二部分中，我们研究了机械力如何在单细胞水平上影响核的形状和完整性，从体外研究核对机械应力的反应开始，并扩展到更复杂的综合模型系统中较少探索的核的机械行为。

引用次数: 0

Capturing ovarian dynamics through spatial profiling of the mechano-microenvironment 通过机械微环境的空间分析捕捉卵巢动力学

IF 6 2区生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY

Seminars in cell & developmental biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103642

Kosei Tomida , Huan Ting Ong , Jennifer L. Young , Chii Jou Chan

In recent years, tissue mechanics has been recognized not as a passive outcome of development but may function as upstream regulators to guide cellular functions such as proliferation, migration, and differentiation. In mammalian ovaries, cross-scale mechanical signals arising from tissue deformation, extracellular matrix architecture, and intrafollicular pressure dynamically evolve over the reproductive lifespan, contributing to a complex biomechanical landscape. Despite increasing recognition of their role in regulating follicle development, mechanical signals from ovarian microenvironment are still often considered separately from changes in gene expression and metabolic pathways. In addition, comprehensive mapping of the ovarian mechano-microenvironment remains lacking, in part due to challenges in assessing mechanical information in ovaries. Here we discuss how emerging biophysical techniques, including the latest advancement in various omics technologies, allow us to probe ovarian mechanics across multiple length scales. Such an integrated approach will provide new insights on how force transmission, matrix remodeling, and cellular signaling intersect within defined spatial niches to regulate ovarian dynamics, paving the way for future understanding of the mechanobiological basis of reproductive disorders.

近年来，组织力学已被认为不是发育的被动结果，而是可能作为上游调节因子指导细胞功能，如增殖、迁移和分化。在哺乳动物卵巢中，由组织变形、细胞外基质结构和卵泡内压力引起的跨尺度机械信号在生殖寿命期间动态演变，形成了复杂的生物力学景观。尽管越来越多的人认识到它们在调节卵泡发育中的作用，但卵巢微环境的机械信号仍然经常与基因表达和代谢途径的变化分开考虑。此外，卵巢力学微环境的综合制图仍然缺乏，部分原因是评估卵巢力学信息的挑战。在这里，我们讨论了新兴的生物物理技术，包括各种组学技术的最新进展，如何使我们能够跨越多个长度尺度探索卵巢力学。这种整合的方法将为力量传递、基质重塑和细胞信号传导如何在确定的空间壁龛内交叉调节卵巢动力学提供新的见解，为未来理解生殖疾病的机械生物学基础铺平道路。

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引用次数: 0

The mechanics behind the Drosophila egg 果蝇卵背后的机制

IF 6 2区生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY

Seminars in cell & developmental biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103638

Megha Maria Jacob, Muriel Grammont

The formation and the development of the Drosophila egg involves multiple mechanical cross-talks between germline cells, somatic cells and the surrounding basement membrane. In this review, we discuss several development stages when the sources, as well as the roles, of mechanical forces in egg shape establishment are well defined. The examples described here illustrate the diversity of these forces as well as of the tools used to measure them and of the outcome each of them generates. We examine their contributions and their integration to morphogenesis. We discuss the limitations of our current knowledge, the importance of developing novel approaches and the support that modelling could bring to tackle some issues. One major future challenge is to understand how robustness in shaping the egg is achieved when the contributors act in different cell types and at different times. Studying Drosophila egg formation thus remains an exciting model in developmental biology as it must integrate a variety of biomechanical inputs from its environment, in addition of the biochemical signals discovered in the past.

果蝇卵的形成和发育涉及生殖细胞、体细胞和周围基膜之间的多次机械交互作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了几个发展阶段，当来源，以及作用，机械力在鸡蛋形状的建立是明确的。这里描述的例子说明了这些力量的多样性，以及用于测量它们的工具和它们各自产生的结果的多样性。我们研究了它们对形态发生的贡献和整合。我们讨论了我们现有知识的局限性，开发新方法的重要性以及建模可以解决一些问题的支持。未来的一个主要挑战是了解当贡献者在不同的细胞类型和不同的时间活动时，如何实现塑造卵子的稳健性。因此，研究果蝇卵的形成在发育生物学中仍然是一个令人兴奋的模型，因为除了过去发现的生化信号外，它还必须整合来自环境的各种生物力学输入。

引用次数: 0

Viscoelasticity during development: What is it? and why should you care? 开发过程中的粘弹性：什么是粘弹性？你为什么要在意呢？

IF 6 2区生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY

Seminars in cell & developmental biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103655

Yicheng Dong , Spandan Maiti , Lance A. Davidson

Viscoelasticity is a fundamental feature of biological tissues and plays a vital role in cells and tissues. This review explores the role of viscoelasticity in mechanobiology, emphasizing its impact on morphogenesis and organogenesis during embryonic development. We discuss the viscoelastic behavior of cells and tissues and its role in how cells and tissues absorb, dissipate, and transmit mechanical energy. We summarize experimental techniques such as Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Micropipette Aspiration (MA), and Tissue Stretchers, that have been used to quantify or observe the effects of viscoelasticity. Mathematical models of viscoelasticity, such as the Standard Linear Solid (SLS) model and advanced fractional models are introduced and discussed for their ability to capture the complexity of the viscoelastic behavior of biological systems. The role of subcellular complexes, including the cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, and nucleus, are also reviewed for their contributions to tissue viscoelastic behavior. We also identify and discuss knowledge gaps, particularly in understanding how dynamic mechanical cues influence viscoelastic responses across cellular and tissue scales. A deeper exploration of these mechanisms, particularly those that determine viscoelastic behavior of cells and tissues, is needed for advancing our understanding of embryonic development and tissue morphogenesis.

粘弹性是生物组织的基本特征，在细胞和组织中起着至关重要的作用。本文综述了粘弹性在力学生物学中的作用，重点介绍了粘弹性在胚胎发育过程中对形态发生和器官发生的影响。我们讨论细胞和组织的粘弹性行为及其在细胞和组织如何吸收、消散和传递机械能中的作用。我们总结了实验技术，如原子力显微镜（AFM），微吸管抽吸（MA）和组织拉伸器，已用于量化或观察粘弹性的影响。粘弹性的数学模型，如标准线性固体（SLS）模型和先进的分数模型被介绍和讨论，因为它们能够捕捉生物系统粘弹性行为的复杂性。亚细胞复合物的作用，包括细胞骨架、细胞外基质和细胞核，也回顾了它们对组织粘弹性行为的贡献。我们还识别和讨论知识差距，特别是在理解动态机械线索如何影响细胞和组织尺度上的粘弹性反应方面。我们需要对这些机制，特别是那些决定细胞和组织粘弹性行为的机制进行更深入的探索，以促进我们对胚胎发育和组织形态发生的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Multiciliated cells: Development, functions and disease relevance 多毛细胞：发育、功能和疾病相关性。

IF 6 2区生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY

Seminars in cell & developmental biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103660

Dheeraj Rayamajhi , Sudipto Roy

Multiciliated cells (MCCs) differentiate numerous motile cilia on their apical surface. Beating of these ciliary arrays drive organismal locomotion in fluid medium and function to promote fluid flow over epithelia in various tissues. Besides these mechanical functions, MCC cilia are also sensory organelles, capable of transducing a variety of environmental and intercellular signals. Defective form and functioning of these cells can lead to a variety of clinical manifestations in humans, ranging from severe airway disease to infertility. This review gives an overview of multiple aspects of the biology of MCCs such as their distribution in plants and animals, the gene regulatory networks that organize their specification and differentiation, particularly the latest insights into the fascinating ability of post-mitotic MCC precursor cells to generate hundreds of centrioles for multiciliation. We also discuss how disruption to MCC formation or abnormalities in their ciliary motility cause ciliopathies, affecting multiple organs of the human body, and current status of treatment for these diseases.

多纤毛细胞（Multiciliated cells, MCCs）在其顶端表面分化出许多活动的纤毛。这些纤毛阵列的跳动在流体介质中驱动生物体运动，并在各种组织中促进液体在上皮上的流动。除了这些机械功能外，MCC纤毛也是感觉细胞器，能够转导各种环境和细胞间信号。这些细胞的形态和功能缺陷可导致人类的各种临床表现，从严重的气道疾病到不孕症。本文综述了MCC生物学的多个方面，如它们在植物和动物中的分布，组织它们的规范和分化的基因调控网络，特别是对有丝分裂后MCC前体细胞产生数百个多核中心粒的迷人能力的最新见解。我们还讨论了MCC形成的破坏或其纤毛运动的异常如何导致影响人体多个器官的纤毛病，以及这些疾病的治疗现状。

引用次数: 0

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