M. Góral, B. Kościelniak, K. Ochał, T. Kubaszek, Jakub Jopek, M. Drajewicz
In the article the microstructure and phase composition of boride coatings deposited on selected structural steels were investigated. The boride coatings were produced using pack cementation method using commercial EKABOR-2 mixture containing of 50 wt. % of new and 50 wt. % of used powder. Boride coatings were deposited on alloyed structural steels grades (PN/EN 10084 standard): 16MnCr5, 18CrNiMo7-6, 41CrAlMo7 42CrMo4. Cylindrical samples with a diameter of 30 mm and a height of 30 mm were boronized in powder at 1000°C for 2, 4 and 6 hours in an argon atmosphere. The process was carried out in an industrial CVD Bernex BPX 325S device. The microstructure was analyzed using scanning electron microscope Phenom XL equipped with EDS spectrometer. The XRD phase analysis was conducted using XTRa diffractometer (ARL). The thickness as well as phase composition was analyzed on coatings formed on each grades of steels. The most of obtained boride coatings were characterized by single-phase structure (Fe2B). The formation of brittle FeB phase was detected only on 16MnCr5 steel grades steels.
{"title":"The Structure of Boride Diffusion Coatings Produced on Selected Grades of Structural Steels","authors":"M. Góral, B. Kościelniak, K. Ochał, T. Kubaszek, Jakub Jopek, M. Drajewicz","doi":"10.4028/p-hvsj08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-hvsj08","url":null,"abstract":"In the article the microstructure and phase composition of boride coatings deposited on selected structural steels were investigated. The boride coatings were produced using pack cementation method using commercial EKABOR-2 mixture containing of 50 wt. % of new and 50 wt. % of used powder. Boride coatings were deposited on alloyed structural steels grades (PN/EN 10084 standard): 16MnCr5, 18CrNiMo7-6, 41CrAlMo7 42CrMo4. Cylindrical samples with a diameter of 30 mm and a height of 30 mm were boronized in powder at 1000°C for 2, 4 and 6 hours in an argon atmosphere. The process was carried out in an industrial CVD Bernex BPX 325S device. The microstructure was analyzed using scanning electron microscope Phenom XL equipped with EDS spectrometer. The XRD phase analysis was conducted using XTRa diffractometer (ARL). The thickness as well as phase composition was analyzed on coatings formed on each grades of steels. The most of obtained boride coatings were characterized by single-phase structure (Fe2B). The formation of brittle FeB phase was detected only on 16MnCr5 steel grades steels.","PeriodicalId":21754,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Phenomena","volume":"7 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139774242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. L. Lawal, S. Afolalu, Tien Chien Jen, E. Akinlabi
It is natural to define marine corrosion in terms of the different zones in which the corrosion occurs such as atmosphere splash, tidal and sea mud etc. However, this study focused on issues affecting the marine structures, different types of corrosion and their impact on the marine steel structures as well as the machinery/equipment. Furthermore, several control measures of corrosion necessary to avert corrosion in marine environments were discussed. However, it was established that prolonged contact of marine structures with seawater would lead to corrosion as well as ruing the safety elements present. Thus, the study provides potential information to material scientists on the need for using structural steels of adequate mechanical properties.
{"title":"Corrosion Control and its Application in Marine Environment - A Review","authors":"S. L. Lawal, S. Afolalu, Tien Chien Jen, E. Akinlabi","doi":"10.4028/p-634sdi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-634sdi","url":null,"abstract":"It is natural to define marine corrosion in terms of the different zones in which the corrosion occurs such as atmosphere splash, tidal and sea mud etc. However, this study focused on issues affecting the marine structures, different types of corrosion and their impact on the marine steel structures as well as the machinery/equipment. Furthermore, several control measures of corrosion necessary to avert corrosion in marine environments were discussed. However, it was established that prolonged contact of marine structures with seawater would lead to corrosion as well as ruing the safety elements present. Thus, the study provides potential information to material scientists on the need for using structural steels of adequate mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":21754,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Phenomena","volume":"16 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139774366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oksana Haponova, V. Tarelnyk, Nataliia Tarelnyk, P. Kurp
The paper presents an analysis of technologies for improving the quality parameters of the surface layers of parts, which were carried out by the method of electrospark alloying (ESA) and by additional saturation of surfaces with alloying elements from special process media (STM). The technology of sulfocementation was considered. Metallographic and hardness tests after sulfocementation by ESA showed that the treated surface consists of layers: "soft", hardened and base metal. As the discharge energy increases, the thickness, microhardness and integrity of the coating increase. The presence of sulfur in STM promotes the sulfidation process. It is shown that sulfur accumulates on the surface of the metal at a depth of up to 30 μm. This zone is characterized by reduced microhardness. A strengthened layer is formed under this layer, it has an increased carbon content and high microhardness.
{"title":"The Formation of C-S Coatings by Electrospark Alloying with the Use Special Process Media","authors":"Oksana Haponova, V. Tarelnyk, Nataliia Tarelnyk, P. Kurp","doi":"10.4028/p-5kfyzq","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-5kfyzq","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an analysis of technologies for improving the quality parameters of the surface layers of parts, which were carried out by the method of electrospark alloying (ESA) and by additional saturation of surfaces with alloying elements from special process media (STM). The technology of sulfocementation was considered. Metallographic and hardness tests after sulfocementation by ESA showed that the treated surface consists of layers: \"soft\", hardened and base metal. As the discharge energy increases, the thickness, microhardness and integrity of the coating increase. The presence of sulfur in STM promotes the sulfidation process. It is shown that sulfur accumulates on the surface of the metal at a depth of up to 30 μm. This zone is characterized by reduced microhardness. A strengthened layer is formed under this layer, it has an increased carbon content and high microhardness.","PeriodicalId":21754,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Phenomena","volume":"22 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139776131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Volodymyr Korzhyk, Olena M. Berdnikova, Petro Stukhliak, O. Kushnarova, Junjun ZHao, Ihor Skachkov
The essential task of modern industry is to increase the reliability and durability of products. One of the promising ways to increase the products operational durability is the ceramics and cermets powders functional coatings application to the working surfaces by the method of high-speed multi-chamber detonation spraying. The objective of the given paper is to determine the regularities of the influence of structural-phase features in the formed material of functional cermets coatings of metal parts on their strength characteristics and crack resistance, while taking into account structural criteria that will provide the required set of strength and crack resistance properties. The method for deep and detailed analysis of the structure features, morphology and distribution of phase particles, their stoichiometric composition, substructure parameters, dislocation density in the coating material obtained due to multi-chamber detonation spraying has been developed in this paper. The research of detonation coating material was carried out using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on JEM-200CX instrument (produced by JEOL company) with the accelerating voltage of up to 200 kV. The prospects of using the method of multi-chamber detonation spraying on various materials (steel, copper, aluminum, titanium) and alloys are shown on the basis of the research results. A number of composite coatings made of aluminum and zirconium ceramics; chromium, tungsten carbides have been obtained. It has been defined that changes occur in the ratio of the following parameters: microhardness, pore volume fraction, phase composition, distribution of dispersed phases, grain, subgrain, dislocation structures, etc, under different processing modes in the surface layers and corresponding change in the modes of detonation spraying.
{"title":"Strength and Crack Resistance Structural Criteria of Composite Coatings Produced by the Method of Multi-Chamber Detonation Spraying","authors":"Volodymyr Korzhyk, Olena M. Berdnikova, Petro Stukhliak, O. Kushnarova, Junjun ZHao, Ihor Skachkov","doi":"10.4028/p-qjm7ya","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-qjm7ya","url":null,"abstract":"The essential task of modern industry is to increase the reliability and durability of products. One of the promising ways to increase the products operational durability is the ceramics and cermets powders functional coatings application to the working surfaces by the method of high-speed multi-chamber detonation spraying. The objective of the given paper is to determine the regularities of the influence of structural-phase features in the formed material of functional cermets coatings of metal parts on their strength characteristics and crack resistance, while taking into account structural criteria that will provide the required set of strength and crack resistance properties. The method for deep and detailed analysis of the structure features, morphology and distribution of phase particles, their stoichiometric composition, substructure parameters, dislocation density in the coating material obtained due to multi-chamber detonation spraying has been developed in this paper. The research of detonation coating material was carried out using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on JEM-200CX instrument (produced by JEOL company) with the accelerating voltage of up to 200 kV. The prospects of using the method of multi-chamber detonation spraying on various materials (steel, copper, aluminum, titanium) and alloys are shown on the basis of the research results. A number of composite coatings made of aluminum and zirconium ceramics; chromium, tungsten carbides have been obtained. It has been defined that changes occur in the ratio of the following parameters: microhardness, pore volume fraction, phase composition, distribution of dispersed phases, grain, subgrain, dislocation structures, etc, under different processing modes in the surface layers and corresponding change in the modes of detonation spraying.","PeriodicalId":21754,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Phenomena","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139776679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siliconizing is one of the case-hardening processes used in the enhancement of some carbon-steel based material properties. Gears, rolling engineering parts, and pickling tanks produced with mild steel can offer better wear and hot-corrosion resistance characteristics through siliconizing. However, the cost of silicon hindered the wide usage of siliconized mild steel, which is the motivation for seeking remedy through processing of agro-waste materials. In this work, waste rice husk was used in the production of silicon nanoparticles using the sol-gel method. The silicon nanoparticles produced were used in the siliconizing of mild steel. The microstructure, hardness values, wear and corrosion tests were determined. The work shows that enhanced hardness values with improved corrosion and wear resistance were obtained when using waste rice husk to siliconize mild steel that can be used in the production of gears and storage tanks.
{"title":"Silicon Nanoparticles Derived from Waste Rice Husk as Potential Siliconizing Material for Mild Steel","authors":"V. S. Aigbodion, P. Ozor, N.I. Sukdeo","doi":"10.4028/p-xakxs7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-xakxs7","url":null,"abstract":"Siliconizing is one of the case-hardening processes used in the enhancement of some carbon-steel based material properties. Gears, rolling engineering parts, and pickling tanks produced with mild steel can offer better wear and hot-corrosion resistance characteristics through siliconizing. However, the cost of silicon hindered the wide usage of siliconized mild steel, which is the motivation for seeking remedy through processing of agro-waste materials. In this work, waste rice husk was used in the production of silicon nanoparticles using the sol-gel method. The silicon nanoparticles produced were used in the siliconizing of mild steel. The microstructure, hardness values, wear and corrosion tests were determined. The work shows that enhanced hardness values with improved corrosion and wear resistance were obtained when using waste rice husk to siliconize mild steel that can be used in the production of gears and storage tanks.","PeriodicalId":21754,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Phenomena","volume":"354 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139834325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oksana Haponova, V. Tarelnyk, Nataliia Tarelnyk, P. Kurp
The paper presents an analysis of technologies for improving the quality parameters of the surface layers of parts, which were carried out by the method of electrospark alloying (ESA) and by additional saturation of surfaces with alloying elements from special process media (STM). The technology of sulfocementation was considered. Metallographic and hardness tests after sulfocementation by ESA showed that the treated surface consists of layers: "soft", hardened and base metal. As the discharge energy increases, the thickness, microhardness and integrity of the coating increase. The presence of sulfur in STM promotes the sulfidation process. It is shown that sulfur accumulates on the surface of the metal at a depth of up to 30 μm. This zone is characterized by reduced microhardness. A strengthened layer is formed under this layer, it has an increased carbon content and high microhardness.
本文分析了改善零件表面层质量参数的技术，这些技术是通过电火花合金化（ESA）方法和用特殊工艺介质（STM）中的合金元素对表面进行额外饱和来实现的。同时还考虑了磺化技术。通过 ESA 磺化处理后的金相和硬度测试表明，处理后的表面由多层组成：软 "层、硬化层和基底金属层。随着放电能量的增加，涂层的厚度、显微硬度和完整性也随之增加。STM 中硫的存在促进了硫化过程。研究表明，硫在金属表面的积聚深度可达 30 μm。该区域的特点是显微硬度降低。在该层下形成了一个强化层，它具有更高的碳含量和显微硬度。
{"title":"The Formation of C-S Coatings by Electrospark Alloying with the Use Special Process Media","authors":"Oksana Haponova, V. Tarelnyk, Nataliia Tarelnyk, P. Kurp","doi":"10.4028/p-5kfyzq","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-5kfyzq","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an analysis of technologies for improving the quality parameters of the surface layers of parts, which were carried out by the method of electrospark alloying (ESA) and by additional saturation of surfaces with alloying elements from special process media (STM). The technology of sulfocementation was considered. Metallographic and hardness tests after sulfocementation by ESA showed that the treated surface consists of layers: \"soft\", hardened and base metal. As the discharge energy increases, the thickness, microhardness and integrity of the coating increase. The presence of sulfur in STM promotes the sulfidation process. It is shown that sulfur accumulates on the surface of the metal at a depth of up to 30 μm. This zone is characterized by reduced microhardness. A strengthened layer is formed under this layer, it has an increased carbon content and high microhardness.","PeriodicalId":21754,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Phenomena","volume":"268 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139835547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Podhurska, Oleksandr Kuprin, M. Bortnitskaya, Orest Ostash, T.A. Prikhna, Roman Chepil, Volodymyr Sverdun, I. Kolodiy, Vitaliy Belous
The composition, structure, and tribological characteristics at 20 °C and 500 °C of coatings obtained by the vacuum arc deposition method using a MAX phase Ti2AlC based cathode were investigated. These characteristics were compared to those of titanium nitride coating. It was shown that at a potential of -50 V, a composite coating of TiC and Ti3AlC phases forms. Meanwhile, at a potential of -100 V, a composite consisting of TiC and α-Ti is formed. At 20 °C, the friction coefficient and specific wear rate of these coatings in contact with a ball made of ShKh15 steel under a load of 2 N are comparable to those of TiN coating. At 500 °C, the wear resistance of the composite (TiC+α-Ti) coating is twice as high as that of TiN coatings. There was no clear correlation between microhardness and the tribological characteristics of the coatings.
研究了使用基于 MAX 相 Ti2AlC 阴极的真空电弧沉积法获得的涂层在 20 °C 和 500 °C 时的成分、结构和摩擦学特性。将这些特性与氮化钛涂层的特性进行了比较。结果表明，在电位为 -50 V 时，会形成 TiC 和 Ti3AlC 相的复合涂层。同时，在电位为 -100 V 时，形成了由 TiC 和 α-Ti 组成的复合涂层。在 20 °C 时，这些涂层与 ShKh15 钢球接触时的摩擦系数和比磨损率与 TiN 涂层相当，载荷为 2 N。在 500 °C 时，复合涂层（TiC+α-Ti）的耐磨性是 TiN 涂层的两倍。涂层的显微硬度与摩擦学特性之间没有明显的相关性。
{"title":"Structural and Tribology Properties of Ti-Al-C Coatings Deposited by Vacuum Arc Method","authors":"V. Podhurska, Oleksandr Kuprin, M. Bortnitskaya, Orest Ostash, T.A. Prikhna, Roman Chepil, Volodymyr Sverdun, I. Kolodiy, Vitaliy Belous","doi":"10.4028/p-w89obm","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-w89obm","url":null,"abstract":"The composition, structure, and tribological characteristics at 20 °C and 500 °C of coatings obtained by the vacuum arc deposition method using a MAX phase Ti2AlC based cathode were investigated. These characteristics were compared to those of titanium nitride coating. It was shown that at a potential of -50 V, a composite coating of TiC and Ti3AlC phases forms. Meanwhile, at a potential of -100 V, a composite consisting of TiC and α-Ti is formed. At 20 °C, the friction coefficient and specific wear rate of these coatings in contact with a ball made of ShKh15 steel under a load of 2 N are comparable to those of TiN coating. At 500 °C, the wear resistance of the composite (TiC+α-Ti) coating is twice as high as that of TiN coatings. There was no clear correlation between microhardness and the tribological characteristics of the coatings.","PeriodicalId":21754,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Phenomena","volume":"419 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139835600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siliconizing is one of the case-hardening processes used in the enhancement of some carbon-steel based material properties. Gears, rolling engineering parts, and pickling tanks produced with mild steel can offer better wear and hot-corrosion resistance characteristics through siliconizing. However, the cost of silicon hindered the wide usage of siliconized mild steel, which is the motivation for seeking remedy through processing of agro-waste materials. In this work, waste rice husk was used in the production of silicon nanoparticles using the sol-gel method. The silicon nanoparticles produced were used in the siliconizing of mild steel. The microstructure, hardness values, wear and corrosion tests were determined. The work shows that enhanced hardness values with improved corrosion and wear resistance were obtained when using waste rice husk to siliconize mild steel that can be used in the production of gears and storage tanks.
{"title":"Silicon Nanoparticles Derived from Waste Rice Husk as Potential Siliconizing Material for Mild Steel","authors":"V. S. Aigbodion, P. Ozor, N.I. Sukdeo","doi":"10.4028/p-xakxs7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-xakxs7","url":null,"abstract":"Siliconizing is one of the case-hardening processes used in the enhancement of some carbon-steel based material properties. Gears, rolling engineering parts, and pickling tanks produced with mild steel can offer better wear and hot-corrosion resistance characteristics through siliconizing. However, the cost of silicon hindered the wide usage of siliconized mild steel, which is the motivation for seeking remedy through processing of agro-waste materials. In this work, waste rice husk was used in the production of silicon nanoparticles using the sol-gel method. The silicon nanoparticles produced were used in the siliconizing of mild steel. The microstructure, hardness values, wear and corrosion tests were determined. The work shows that enhanced hardness values with improved corrosion and wear resistance were obtained when using waste rice husk to siliconize mild steel that can be used in the production of gears and storage tanks.","PeriodicalId":21754,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Phenomena","volume":"89 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139774649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Odunlami, Oluwamayowa Ogunleye, Ojo S. I. Fayomi, M. Fajobi
The importance of non harmful inhibitors has informed the application of drugs as an agent to mitigate corrosion of metal materials. This research reveals the inhibitive reaction and adsorption mechanism of Chlorpheniramine drug (CD), on mild steel in an HCl solution using Potentiodynamic polarization, open circuit potential and weight loss method. The CD inhibitor was proportioned into 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10ml while molarity of HCl was varied in the proportion of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5M at a temperature of 298 K. The reaction showed that as the CD concentration moves to higher concentration, the efficiency of the inhibitor increases, also the higher the concentration of the acid, the higher the corrosion rate. Observation from the result revealed that CD inhibitor protected the steel from corrosion destruction. The optimum efficiency occurred as 85.80% at 10ml CD concentration. CD inhibitor obeyed Freundlich law of isotherm with the average regression value of R2 = 0.9733, as R2 value gets close to unity. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectra (EDX) results also confirm strong adsorption mechanisms of CD inhibitor on the mild steel samples. Keywords: Chlorpheniramine Drug; Green Inhibitor; Open circuit potential; Potentiodynamic Polarization; Mild steel
由于非有害抑制剂的重要性，人们开始将药物用作减轻金属材料腐蚀的药剂。本研究采用电位极化、开路电位和失重法揭示了氯苯那敏药物（CD）在盐酸溶液中对低碳钢的抑制反应和吸附机理。在 298 K 的温度下，将 CD 抑制剂配比成 2.5、5、7.5 和 10 毫升，而盐酸的摩尔浓度则按 0.1、0.5、1.0 和 1.5M 的比例变化。结果表明，CD 抑制剂能保护钢材免受腐蚀破坏。当 CD 浓度为 10 毫升时，最佳效率为 85.80%。CD 抑制剂服从 Freundlich 等温线定律，平均回归值为 R2 = 0.9733，R2 值接近于 1。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散 X 射线光谱（EDX）结果也证实了 CD 抑制剂在低碳钢样品上的强吸附机制。关键词氯苯那敏药物；绿色抑制剂；开路电位；电位极化；低碳钢
{"title":"Corrosion Evaluation and Inhibiting Effect of Chlorpheniramine Drug on Mild Steel in HCl Acid","authors":"O. Odunlami, Oluwamayowa Ogunleye, Ojo S. I. Fayomi, M. Fajobi","doi":"10.4028/p-xa7gbg","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-xa7gbg","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of non harmful inhibitors has informed the application of drugs as an agent to mitigate corrosion of metal materials. This research reveals the inhibitive reaction and adsorption mechanism of Chlorpheniramine drug (CD), on mild steel in an HCl solution using Potentiodynamic polarization, open circuit potential and weight loss method. The CD inhibitor was proportioned into 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10ml while molarity of HCl was varied in the proportion of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5M at a temperature of 298 K. The reaction showed that as the CD concentration moves to higher concentration, the efficiency of the inhibitor increases, also the higher the concentration of the acid, the higher the corrosion rate. Observation from the result revealed that CD inhibitor protected the steel from corrosion destruction. The optimum efficiency occurred as 85.80% at 10ml CD concentration. CD inhibitor obeyed Freundlich law of isotherm with the average regression value of R2 = 0.9733, as R2 value gets close to unity. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectra (EDX) results also confirm strong adsorption mechanisms of CD inhibitor on the mild steel samples. Keywords: Chlorpheniramine Drug; Green Inhibitor; Open circuit potential; Potentiodynamic Polarization; Mild steel","PeriodicalId":21754,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Phenomena","volume":"8 49","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139774754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nur Syafiqah Binti Ismail, Syed Muhammad Aiman Bin Syed Mohd Hakhiri, Siti Noor Hidayah Binti Mustapha, Aliff Hisyam Bin Bin A Razak, Mohd. Hairul Bin Ab. Rahim, Shamsul Bin Zakaria
The electromechanical performances of dielectric elastomers were investigated after the incorporation of the confined permittivity enhancing fillers in bacteria cellulose (BC) into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films. The purpose of this study is to investigate the capability of BC as a confinement matrix for the permittivity enhancing fillers to overcome the low relative permittivity and at the same time to increase the softness of the PDMS films. The metal oxide and silicone oil were confined in BC before being physically mixed with PDMS at different percentages. The results showed that the confined TiO2-BC increased the relative permittivity and at the same time maintained the softness of the PDMS films to some extent. In addition to that, by adding confined silicone oil-BC into the PDMS films, this PDMS based dielectric elastomer (DE) becomes even softer.
在聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）薄膜中加入细菌纤维素（BC）中的约束介电常数增强填料后，研究了介电弹性体的机电性能。本研究的目的是考察 BC 作为增强介电常数填料的封闭基质在克服低相对介电常数的同时增加 PDMS 薄膜柔软度的能力。先将金属氧化物和硅油封闭在 BC 中，然后再按不同比例与 PDMS 进行物理混合。结果表明，封闭的 TiO2-BC 提高了相对介电常数，同时在一定程度上保持了 PDMS 薄膜的柔软性。此外，通过在 PDMS 薄膜中加入封闭硅油-BC，这种基于 PDMS 的介电弹性体（DE）变得更加柔软。
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