Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107257
Li Zhang , Tingting Lu , Xiuxiu Weng , Wanhong Li , Xiangpeng Yue , Yu Feng
The family with sequence similarity 151 member B (FAM151B) gene family is widely distributed in animals. This gene family encodes proteins belonging to the phosphodiesterase superfamily which plays a role in hydrolyzing intracellular second messengers, and affects the proliferation of Sertoli cells in the testis by degrading intracellular cAMP or cGMP content, thereby affecting the sperm production capacity of the testis. In this study, mutations in the FAM151B gene were screened in 491 Hu sheep to analyze the association among FAM151B gene polymorphisms testicular traits, and sperm-related parameters. A synonymous mutation (5: g.77976636 C>T), was detected in FAM151B, resulting in three genotypes, namely, CC, TT, and TC, with genotypic frequencies of 0.33, 0.05, and 0.62, respectively. This synonymous mutation was found to be significantly correlated with testicular weight, long testicular circumference, short testicular circumference, epididymal weight, and sperm count (p <0.05). In addition, individuals with CC genotypes had significant reproductive performance advantages compared with those with TC and TT genotypes. The current study shows that the FAM151B gene may play important roles in testicular development, and its SNPs are associated with testicular parameters, and sperm count, which provides important indicators for ram selection at early stage.
{"title":"Effect of polymorphisms in the FAM151B gene on testis-related trait parameters in Hu sheep","authors":"Li Zhang , Tingting Lu , Xiuxiu Weng , Wanhong Li , Xiangpeng Yue , Yu Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The family with sequence similarity 151 member B (<em>FAM151B</em>) gene family is widely distributed in animals. This gene family encodes proteins belonging to the phosphodiesterase superfamily which plays a role in hydrolyzing intracellular second messengers, and affects the proliferation of Sertoli cells in the testis by degrading intracellular cAMP or cGMP content, thereby affecting the sperm production capacity of the testis. In this study, mutations in the <em>FAM151B</em> gene were screened in 491 Hu sheep to analyze the association among <em>FAM151B</em> gene polymorphisms testicular traits, and sperm-related parameters. A synonymous mutation (5: g.77976636 C>T), was detected in <em>FAM151B</em>, resulting in three genotypes, namely, CC, TT, and TC, with genotypic frequencies of 0.33, 0.05, and 0.62, respectively. This synonymous mutation was found to be significantly correlated with testicular weight, long testicular circumference, short testicular circumference, epididymal weight, and sperm count (<em>p</em> <0.05). In addition, individuals with CC genotypes had significant reproductive performance advantages compared with those with TC and TT genotypes. The current study shows that the <em>FAM151B</em> gene may play important roles in testicular development, and its SNPs are associated with testicular parameters, and sperm count, which provides important indicators for ram selection at early stage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140279176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nigeria is home to a wide variety of indigenous goat breeds, each of which has evolved to fit its particular environment and is an important genetic resource. Indigenous goat production is intertwined with the lifestyle of Nigerians. The Nigerian livestock industry employs the bulk of the rural work-force, and indigenous goat breeds are abundant in the industry. These breeds are distributed across the diverse agro-ecological production systems, and are carriers of unique and responsive genotypes shaped by the needs of their managers. Despite their unique features, most indigenous goat breeds are characteristically low in production and productivity. Improvement of these breeds represents a logical starting point for improving food security and agricultural productivity in Nigeria. To better understand natural genetic diversity in the indigenous goat breeds and strategies for improvement, better genetic characterization is required. For conservation of Nigeria indigenous goats’ breeds germplasm and subsequent improvements; livestock preservation, frozen semen and frozen embryos approaches should be employed. Short tandem repeats (STRs), simple sequence repeats (SSR), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and microsatellite makers are suitable for molecular characterization of goat germplasm. However, the conservation of the Nigerian breeds of goats’ germplasm are valuable towards improvement and specialization without losing the valuable qualitative and quantitative traits especially adaptability and disease resistance. The germplasm conservation techniques will be valuable in the pursuit of selection for increased production, but the application of the various tools for livestock improvement is constrained by a variety of limitations. The focus of this paper is to elucidate the potential of the genetic diversity by the conservation of their germplasms as a tool for genetic improvement of indigenous goats. Germplasm of indigenous goat breeds from Nigeria was examined in this thorough review, emphasizing their significance, genetic traits, difficulties, and potential for sustainable agriculture and conservation.
{"title":"Exploring the genetic diversity: A review of germplasm in Nigerian indigenous goat breeds","authors":"Adeyinka Oye Akintunde , Imam Mustofa , Lois Chidinma Ndubuisi-Ogbonna , Oluwafunmike Omowunmi Oyekale , Bolatito Adenike Shobo","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nigeria is home to a wide variety of indigenous goat breeds, each of which has evolved to fit its particular environment and is an important genetic resource. Indigenous goat production is intertwined with the lifestyle of Nigerians. The Nigerian livestock industry employs the bulk of the rural work-force, and indigenous goat breeds are abundant in the industry. These breeds are distributed across the diverse agro-ecological production systems, and are carriers of unique and responsive genotypes shaped by the needs of their managers. Despite their unique features, most indigenous goat breeds are characteristically low in production and productivity. Improvement of these breeds represents a logical starting point for improving food security and agricultural productivity in Nigeria. To better understand natural genetic diversity in the indigenous goat breeds and strategies for improvement, better genetic characterization is required. For conservation of Nigeria indigenous goats’ breeds germplasm and subsequent improvements; livestock preservation, frozen semen and frozen embryos approaches should be employed. Short tandem repeats (STRs), simple sequence repeats (SSR), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and microsatellite makers are suitable for molecular characterization of goat germplasm. However, the conservation of the Nigerian breeds of goats’ germplasm are valuable towards improvement and specialization without losing the valuable qualitative and quantitative traits especially adaptability and disease resistance. The germplasm conservation techniques will be valuable in the pursuit of selection for increased production, but the application of the various tools for livestock improvement is constrained by a variety of limitations. The focus of this paper is to elucidate the potential of the genetic diversity by the conservation of their germplasms as a tool for genetic improvement of indigenous goats. Germplasm of indigenous goat breeds from Nigeria was examined in this thorough review, emphasizing their significance, genetic traits, difficulties, and potential for sustainable agriculture and conservation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140270847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a highly sensitive, cost effective, and routinely used molecular assay for analyzing the gene expression patterns of specific target genes across tissues, pathological conditions, treatment regimes, and physiological states. However, normalization of expression profiles of target genes using stable reference genes (RGs) is a critical step to ensure the accuracy of relative quantification using qPCR. In this study, we evaluated the stability of fourteen potential existing reference genes (ACTB, BACH1, B2M, GAPDH, HMBS, PGK1, PPIA, PPIB, RPLP0, RPL19, RPS9, RPS15, RPS28, and UXT) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy sheep and goats to determine the most stable RGs. These candidate genes belong to different functional classes and were chosen based on published literature on commonly used RGs in different livestock species. Four different analytical approaches (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and ΔCt analysis) as well as RefFinder, an online tool which integrates the geometric means of these four prominent stability algorithms were utilized to determine a comprehensive ranking of the investigated genes. Our data indicates that PPIB, BACH1, ACTB, and PPIA are the most suitable RGs, while RPLP0, GAPDH and RPS15 are the most variable and unsuitable genes for normalization of qPCR data in the PBMCs of sheep and goats. The results of this study provide useful resource for researchers engaged in unravelling the transcriptional landscape of PBMCs of small ruminants for various scientific investigations.
{"title":"Selection of reliable reference genes for gene expression studies involving peripheral blood mononuclear cells in small ruminants","authors":"Mahanthi Vasu , Sonika Ahlawat , Vikas Choudhary , Rekha Sharma , Reena Arora , Upasna Sharma , Pooja Chhabra","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a highly sensitive, cost effective, and routinely used molecular assay for analyzing the gene expression patterns of specific target genes across tissues, pathological conditions, treatment regimes, and physiological states. However, normalization of expression profiles of target genes using stable reference genes (RGs) is a critical step to ensure the accuracy of relative quantification using qPCR. In this study, we evaluated the stability of fourteen potential existing reference genes (<em>ACTB</em>, <em>BACH1</em>, <em>B2M</em>, <em>GAPDH</em>, <em>HMBS</em>, <em>PGK1</em>, <em>PPIA</em>, <em>PPIB</em>, <em>RPLP0</em>, <em>RPL19</em>, <em>RPS9</em>, <em>RPS15</em>, <em>RPS28</em>, and <em>UXT)</em> in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy sheep and goats to determine the most stable RGs. These candidate genes belong to different functional classes and were chosen based on published literature on commonly used RGs in different livestock species. Four different analytical approaches (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and ΔCt analysis) as well as RefFinder, an online tool which integrates the geometric means of these four prominent stability algorithms were utilized to determine a comprehensive ranking of the investigated genes. Our data indicates that <em>PPIB, BACH1, ACTB</em>, and <em>PPIA</em> are the most suitable RGs, while <em>RPLP0, GAPDH</em> and <em>RPS15</em> are the most variable and unsuitable genes for normalization of qPCR data in the PBMCs of sheep and goats. The results of this study provide useful resource for researchers engaged in unravelling the transcriptional landscape of PBMCs of small ruminants for various scientific investigations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140195724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107255
Gopinath Devi , Putan Singh , Umesh Dimri , Siju Susan Jacob , Gauri Jairath , Jobin Jose Kattoor , P. Preena , Y. Ajith , Gorakh Mal , Rinku Sharma , Surender Kumar , Rajni Chaudhary , Ajayta Rialch , Birbal Singh
Vector-borne haemoparasitic diseases of migratory small ruminants have been less explored to date. Therefore, transhumant migratory sheep and goats of the Himalayas were molecularly screened for various vector-borne pathogens like Anaplasma, Theileria, Babesia, Anaplasma marginale, Theileria luwenshuni, Theileria orientalis, and Trypanosoma evansi using their specific primers. Out of the 171 animals screened, 73.09% of the animals were infected with Anaplasma spp. and 74.85% of the animals with Theileria spp., while no animals were found infected with Babesia spp. and Trypanosoma evansi. In a quest to identify the species, a few positive PCR amplicons representing Anaplasma spp., Theileria spp., and Theileria/Babesia spp. were sequenced. The sequences obtained were further BLAST analyzed to reveal maximum identity with Anaplasma capra (100%), Theileria luwenshuni (99.71%), and Theileria sinensis (98.73%). Among them Theileria luwenshuni was further confirmed with their species-specific PCR and the positive amplicons were sequenced and BLAST analysed to reveal their maximumsimilarity with Chinese isolates rather than Indian isolates. Further, phylogenetic analyses of the resulting sequences were conducted to identify their evolutionary history. It revealed that 1100 bp- amplicons of Theileria spp. were showing maximum likeness to Theileria sp. MK, a non-transforming Theileria. This is the first report of zoonotic Anaplasma capra and Theileria sp. MK in small ruminants from India and it could be mostly due to their transboundary migration history through the Indo-Tibetan border during summer seasons as a part of the traditional migratory system of livestock rearing practice in the Himalayas. The high prevalence of haemoparasites in migratory small ruminants calls for the adoption of effective control measures.
迄今为止,对迁徙小反刍动物的病媒血吸虫病的研究较少。因此,我们利用喜马拉雅山脉的转场迁徙绵羊和山羊的特异引物,对各种病媒传播的病原体进行了分子筛查,如阿纳普拉斯原虫、Theileria、巴贝西亚原虫、Anaplasma marginale、Theileria luwenshuni、Theileria orientalis 和 Trypanosoma evansi。在筛查的 171 只动物中,73.09% 的动物感染了阿纳帕原虫,74.85% 的动物感染了卢温舒尼氏马勒氏虫,没有发现动物感染巴贝西亚原虫和埃文斯锥虫。为了确定物种,对代表阿纳普拉丝虫属、泰勒虫属和泰勒虫属/巴贝西亚虫属的几个阳性 PCR 扩增子进行了测序。进一步对所获得的序列进行 BLAST 分析,结果显示与卡氏无形体(100%)、吕文舒尼毛癣菌(99.71%)和中华毛癣菌(98.73%)的相同度最高。对阳性扩增子进行了测序和 BLAST 分析,发现它们与中国分离物而不是印度分离物的相似度最高。此外,还对所得序列进行了系统进化分析,以确定其进化历史。结果表明,1100 bp 的蒂勒氏菌扩增子与蒂勒氏菌 MK(一种非转化蒂勒氏菌)的相似度最高。这是印度首次报告小型反刍动物中的人畜共患疟原虫和疟原虫MK,其主要原因可能是作为喜马拉雅山地区传统的牲畜饲养迁徙系统的一部分,小型反刍动物在夏季通过印藏边境进行跨境迁徙。迁徙小反刍动物血液寄生虫的高流行率要求采取有效的控制措施。
{"title":"Diversity of haemoparasites in migratory small ruminants of Himalayas, India","authors":"Gopinath Devi , Putan Singh , Umesh Dimri , Siju Susan Jacob , Gauri Jairath , Jobin Jose Kattoor , P. Preena , Y. Ajith , Gorakh Mal , Rinku Sharma , Surender Kumar , Rajni Chaudhary , Ajayta Rialch , Birbal Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vector-borne haemoparasitic diseases of migratory small ruminants have been less explored to date. Therefore, transhumant migratory sheep and goats of the Himalayas were molecularly screened for various vector-borne pathogens like <em>Anaplasma, Theileria</em>, <em>Babesia</em>, <em>Anaplasma marginale</em>, <em>Theileria luwenshuni</em>, <em>Theileria orientalis,</em> and <em>Trypanosoma evansi</em> using their specific primers. Out of the 171 animals screened, 73.09% of the animals were infected with <em>Anaplasma</em> spp. and 74.85% of the animals with <em>Theileria</em> spp., while no animals were found infected with <em>Babesia</em> spp. and <em>Trypanosoma evansi</em>. In a quest to identify the species, a few positive PCR amplicons representing <em>Anaplasma</em> spp., <em>Theileria</em> spp., and <em>Theileria/Babesia</em> spp. were sequenced. The sequences obtained were further BLAST analyzed to reveal maximum identity with <em>Anaplasma capra</em> (100%), <em>Theileria luwenshuni</em> (99.71%), and <em>Theileria sinensis</em> (98.73%). Among them <em>Theileria luwenshuni</em> was further confirmed with their species-specific PCR and the positive amplicons were sequenced and BLAST analysed to reveal their maximumsimilarity with Chinese isolates rather than Indian isolates. Further, phylogenetic analyses of the resulting sequences were conducted to identify their evolutionary history. It revealed that 1100 bp- amplicons of <em>Theileria</em> spp. were showing maximum likeness to <em>Theileria</em> sp. MK, a non-transforming <em>Theileria</em>. This is the first report of zoonotic <em>Anaplasma capra</em> and <em>Theileria</em> sp. MK in small ruminants from India and it could be mostly due to their transboundary migration history through the Indo-Tibetan border during summer seasons as a part of the traditional migratory system of livestock rearing practice in the Himalayas. The high prevalence of haemoparasites in migratory small ruminants calls for the adoption of effective control measures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140191500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107249
Kelsey L. Bentley , Donald L. Wright , Scott P. Greiner , Scott A. Bowdridge
Variation in post-weaning fecal egg count (PFEC) estimated breeding values (EBV) has revealed effects beyond the reduction of parasitism. Previous work demonstrated lambs with a PFEC of < −50 (Low-PFEC) have higher survivability to weaning than lambs with a PFEC of > +50 (High-PFEC). In response to clostridial vaccination, Low-PFEC lambs also generate a more robust and rapid antibody response. These findings prompted curiosity of the maternal influence underpinning differences observed in lamb survivability based upon PFEC genotype. Thus, this study aimed to assess the impact of dam PFEC EBV on IgG concentration, Brix values, and color within colostrum. For Year 1 (YR1), Katahdin ewes from the Virginia Tech SWAREC were selected based on the following criteria: age (3–6 years), have a Katahdin Hair Index EBV (>104, pre-genomic EBV), and be twin bearing. Ewes fitting those criteria were sorted by their PFEC EBV into two groups: Low-PFEC (PFEC < −50; n=20) and High-PFEC (PFEC > +50; n=18) and sampled at three distinct time points, early (within 24-hr post-partition), mid (30-d post-parturition) and late (60-d post-parturition) lactation. For Year 2 (YR2), all lactating ewes at the SWAREC were analyzed and were sorted into three groups: Low-PFEC (PFEC < −50; n=39), Mid-PFEC ( −49 < PFEC < +49; n=38), and High-PFEC (PFEC > +50; n=23) and colostrum samples were taken within 6-hrs post-partition. All colostrum and milk samples were collected by milking 10 mL from each half of the ewes' udder. Total IgG within colostrum and milk was measured using an ovine-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In YR1, main effects of ewe genotype revealed that Low-PFEC ewes had a greater concentration of IgG across all lactation time points (631 ng/mL vs 222 ng/mL; P < 0.0001). This was primarily driven by IgG differences within colostrum, where a 2.5 fold difference in IgG were observed between Low-PFEC and High-PFEC groups (937 ng/mL vs. 319 ng/mL, P < 0.0001). In YR2, a stepwise decrease in average colostrum IgG concentration from Low-PFEC to High-PFEC groups was observed (825 ng/mL, 513 ng/mL, and 258 ng/mL, respectively; P < 0.0429). Likewise, a stepwise decrease in yellow to blue hue or b* value occurs from Low-PFEC to High-PFEC groups (18.97, 16.91, and 15.22, respectively; P < 0.0459). No correlations were found between IgG and Brix values within the Low-PFEC and High-PFEC grouping; remarkably, Mid-PFEC ewes have a slightly positive correlation between IgG and Brix (r= 0.34, P = 0.0334). These data indicate that Low-PFEC Katahdin ewes generate colostrum with greater antibody concentration and more yellow color. Lambs born to these ewes would have a significant advantage in passive immunity from their dams, which may explain some component of the enhanced lamb survivability observed pre-weaning.
{"title":"Differences in colostrum components of Katahdin ewes varies with post-weaning FEC EBV","authors":"Kelsey L. Bentley , Donald L. Wright , Scott P. Greiner , Scott A. Bowdridge","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Variation in post-weaning fecal egg count (PFEC) estimated breeding values (EBV) has revealed effects beyond the reduction of parasitism. Previous work demonstrated lambs with a PFEC of < −50 (Low-PFEC) have higher survivability to weaning than lambs with a PFEC of > +50 (High-PFEC). In response to clostridial vaccination, Low-PFEC lambs also generate a more robust and rapid antibody response. These findings prompted curiosity of the maternal influence underpinning differences observed in lamb survivability based upon PFEC genotype. Thus, this study aimed to assess the impact of dam PFEC EBV on IgG concentration, Brix values, and color within colostrum. For Year 1 (YR1), Katahdin ewes from the Virginia Tech SWAREC were selected based on the following criteria: age (3–6 years), have a Katahdin Hair Index EBV (>104, pre-genomic EBV), and be twin bearing. Ewes fitting those criteria were sorted by their PFEC EBV into two groups: Low-PFEC (PFEC < −50; n=20) and High-PFEC (PFEC > +50; n=18) and sampled at three distinct time points, early (within 24-hr post-partition), mid (30-d post-parturition) and late (60-d post-parturition) lactation. For Year 2 (YR2), all lactating ewes at the SWAREC were analyzed and were sorted into three groups: Low-PFEC (PFEC < −50; n=39), Mid-PFEC ( −49 < PFEC < +49; n=38), and High-PFEC (PFEC > +50; n=23) and colostrum samples were taken within 6-hrs post-partition. All colostrum and milk samples were collected by milking 10 mL from each half of the ewes' udder. Total IgG within colostrum and milk was measured using an ovine-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In YR1, main effects of ewe genotype revealed that Low-PFEC ewes had a greater concentration of IgG across all lactation time points (631 ng/mL vs 222 ng/mL; <em>P</em> < 0.0001). This was primarily driven by IgG differences within colostrum, where a 2.5 fold difference in IgG were observed between Low-PFEC and High-PFEC groups (937 ng/mL vs. 319 ng/mL, P < 0.0001). In YR2, a stepwise decrease in average colostrum IgG concentration from Low-PFEC to High-PFEC groups was observed (825 ng/mL, 513 ng/mL, and 258 ng/mL, respectively; <em>P</em> < 0.0429). Likewise, a stepwise decrease in yellow to blue hue or b* value occurs from Low-PFEC to High-PFEC groups (18.97, 16.91, and 15.22, respectively; <em>P</em> < 0.0459). No correlations were found between IgG and Brix values within the Low-PFEC and High-PFEC grouping; remarkably, Mid-PFEC ewes have a slightly positive correlation between IgG and Brix (r= 0.34, <em>P</em> = 0.0334). These data indicate that Low-PFEC Katahdin ewes generate colostrum with greater antibody concentration and more yellow color. Lambs born to these ewes would have a significant advantage in passive immunity from their dams, which may explain some component of the enhanced lamb survivability observed pre-weaning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140180809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-07DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107253
Douglas R. Tolleson , Erika S. Campbell , Nick E. Garza , Thomas H. Welsh Jr.
Our objective was to determine if there was a cost of fitness associated with selecting Spanish x Boer goats for their propensity to consume above (H) or below (L) the herd average for proportion of juniper (Juniperus spp.) in the diet. Organ weights and metabolic parameters were compared among adult male goats (young [2-year-old] and old [3–5-year-old]) that spent their life grazing pastures containing juniper at the Texas A&M AgriLife Sonora Research Station. In June 2019, body weights were recorded, and serum samples collected by jugular venipuncture from 20 animals (n = 5 of each age and juniper consumption combination) 2 days prior to harvest. At harvest, organ weights (i.e., liver, kidney, heart, spleen, adrenal, testicle, epididymis) were obtained and later analyzed as relative organ weights (organ to body weight ratio). Analysis of variance was used to determine if differences in organ weights (g/kg BW) and serum parameters were detected between young (Y) and old (O), and H and L goats. Body weights (kg) did not differ by treatment group but were greater (P < 0.03) for O (76.0 ± 3.72) than Y (66.3 ± 1.9). Total testicular, epididymal, adrenal, and heart organ weights (g/kg BW) were not affected (P > 0.10) by age nor juniper consumption group. Total kidney weight (g/kg BW) was greater (P < 0.05) in H (2.53 ± 0.09) than L (2.19 ± 0.08) and liver weight (g/kg BW) trended (P = 0.15) in the same pattern, with H (15.80 ± 0.75) greater than L (14.58 ± 0.39). All serum parameters were clinically normal. Serum urea nitrogen (mg/dL) did not differ by treatment (P > 0.1) but was greater (P < 0.004) in O (12.9 ± 1.3) than Y (8.2 ± 0.5). NEFA (mEq/L) was greater (P < 0.02) in H (0.33 ± 0.04) than L (0.26 ± 0.02), but not differ between O and Y. Total globulin (g/dL) was greater (P < 0.007) in L (4.34 ± 0.35) than H (3.40 ± 0.16), and in O (4.29 ± 0.38) than Y (3.45 ± 0.12). Gamma glutamyl transferase was elevated (P < 0.0001) in H (59.2 ± 2.1) versus L (44.3 ± 2.2), and in Y (55.3 ± 2.9) than O (48.2 ± 3.2). In summary, under adequate nutritional conditions, length of exposure (via advancing age) and preference for juniper did not incur an acute cost of fitness in goats. However, the observed metabolic and organ differences indicate that under more challenging chronic conditions (e.g., drought or disease), consumption of monoterpene-defended plants may become problematic. Research to define these eco-physiologic bounds is needed.
{"title":"Organ weights and metabolic indicators in male goats differing in genetic propensity to consume juniper","authors":"Douglas R. Tolleson , Erika S. Campbell , Nick E. Garza , Thomas H. Welsh Jr.","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Our objective was to determine if there was a cost of fitness associated with selecting Spanish x Boer goats for their propensity to consume above (H) or below (L) the herd average for proportion of juniper (<em>Juniperus spp</em>.) in the diet. Organ weights and metabolic parameters were compared among adult male goats (young [2-year-old] and old [3–5-year-old]) that spent their life grazing pastures containing juniper at the Texas A&M AgriLife Sonora Research Station. In June 2019, body weights were recorded, and serum samples collected by jugular venipuncture from 20 animals (n = 5 of each age and juniper consumption combination) 2 days prior to harvest. At harvest, organ weights (i.e., liver, kidney, heart, spleen, adrenal, testicle, epididymis) were obtained and later analyzed as relative organ weights (organ to body weight ratio). Analysis of variance was used to determine if differences in organ weights (g/kg BW) and serum parameters were detected between young (Y) and old (O), and H and L goats. Body weights (kg) did not differ by treatment group but were greater (P < 0.03) for O (76.0 ± 3.72) than Y (66.3 ± 1.9). Total testicular, epididymal, adrenal, and heart organ weights (g/kg BW) were not affected (P > 0.10) by age nor juniper consumption group. Total kidney weight (g/kg BW) was greater (P < 0.05) in H (2.53 ± 0.09) than L (2.19 ± 0.08) and liver weight (g/kg BW) trended (P = 0.15) in the same pattern, with H (15.80 ± 0.75) greater than L (14.58 ± 0.39). All serum parameters were clinically normal. Serum urea nitrogen (mg/dL) did not differ by treatment (P > 0.1) but was greater (P < 0.004) in O (12.9 ± 1.3) than Y (8.2 ± 0.5). NEFA (mEq/L) was greater (P < 0.02) in H (0.33 ± 0.04) than L (0.26 ± 0.02), but not differ between O and Y. Total globulin (g/dL) was greater (P < 0.007) in L (4.34 ± 0.35) than H (3.40 ± 0.16), and in O (4.29 ± 0.38) than Y (3.45 ± 0.12). Gamma glutamyl transferase was elevated (P < 0.0001) in H (59.2 ± 2.1) versus L (44.3 ± 2.2), and in Y (55.3 ± 2.9) than O (48.2 ± 3.2). In summary, under adequate nutritional conditions, length of exposure (via advancing age) and preference for juniper did not incur an acute cost of fitness in goats. However, the observed metabolic and organ differences indicate that under more challenging chronic conditions (e.g., drought or disease), consumption of monoterpene-defended plants may become problematic. Research to define these eco-physiologic bounds is needed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921448824000592/pdfft?md5=432462cf861826b062f805731b393d4f&pid=1-s2.0-S0921448824000592-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140141354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-07DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107248
Delia Lacasta , María Cuadra , Alex Gómez , Aurora Ortín , Marta Ruiz de Arcaute , Juan José Ramos , Sergio Villanueva-Saz , M. Teresa Tejedor , Héctor Ruiz , Maite Verde , Ramsés Reina , Teresa Navarro , Pablo Quilez , Ana Rodríguez-Largo , Peter Andrew Windsor
Three different methods of inducing experimental infection of lambs with orf virus (ORFV), the cause of Contagious Ecthyma, were examined in nine animals; intradermal inoculation, subcutaneous injection and epithelial scarification. The objective was to identify the most appropriate experimental method to reproduce the disease with lesions of similar severity in all infected animals. Subcutaneous inoculation failed to reproduce orf lesions in two of the three infected animals, whereas both the groups that were inoculated by intradermal and scarification routes, respectively, displayed a significantly higher number of lesions at 12 dpi than the group inoculated subcutaneously. However, the lesions following scarification spread from the inoculation site with no ORFV-associated lesions found in other areas of the mucous membrane or skin. Finally, following intradermal inoculation, ORFV-associated lesions developed homogeneously in all infected animals, with lesions progressing from the point of inoculation in different areas of the skin of the lips, yet also spreading to the interior of the mouth, gums, palate and tongue, as occurs in natural infections. Thus, it was concluded that for studies investigating the efficacy of new approaches to treatment and vaccination for improved welfare of affected animals and control of ORFV transmission, the most appropriate route for experimental ORFV infection is intradermal inoculation.
{"title":"Comparative study of three different routes of experimental inoculation of the orf virus","authors":"Delia Lacasta , María Cuadra , Alex Gómez , Aurora Ortín , Marta Ruiz de Arcaute , Juan José Ramos , Sergio Villanueva-Saz , M. Teresa Tejedor , Héctor Ruiz , Maite Verde , Ramsés Reina , Teresa Navarro , Pablo Quilez , Ana Rodríguez-Largo , Peter Andrew Windsor","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Three different methods of inducing experimental infection of lambs with orf virus (ORFV), the cause of Contagious Ecthyma, were examined in nine animals; intradermal inoculation, subcutaneous injection and epithelial scarification. The objective was to identify the most appropriate experimental method to reproduce the disease with lesions of similar severity in all infected animals. Subcutaneous inoculation failed to reproduce orf lesions in two of the three infected animals, whereas both the groups that were inoculated by intradermal and scarification routes, respectively, displayed a significantly higher number of lesions at 12 dpi than the group inoculated subcutaneously. However, the lesions following scarification spread from the inoculation site with no ORFV-associated lesions found in other areas of the mucous membrane or skin. Finally, following intradermal inoculation, ORFV-associated lesions developed homogeneously in all infected animals, with lesions progressing from the point of inoculation in different areas of the skin of the lips, yet also spreading to the interior of the mouth, gums, palate and tongue, as occurs in natural infections. Thus, it was concluded that for studies investigating the efficacy of new approaches to treatment and vaccination for improved welfare of affected animals and control of ORFV transmission, the most appropriate route for experimental ORFV infection is intradermal inoculation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921448824000543/pdfft?md5=9bd65a330b3ebcdd0156f89fdf0faede&pid=1-s2.0-S0921448824000543-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140163793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The pastoral area of internal Cilento (Campania, Southern Italy) claims many valuable cheeses and according to the oral tradition, when animal rennet was not available for goat cheeses, some wild plants were used for their curdling properties. The cheese market is in continuous evolution, looking for new cheeses but also linked to the territory and tradition. On the bases of an ethnobotanical investigation, the coagulating properties of water extracts of the wild species Teucrium chamaedrys L., Galium aparine L., Galium verum L., Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., Chelidonium majus L., and Urtica dioica L. were evaluated on goat milk by rheological test with a Formagraph instrument at two doses (60 μl vs. 50 μl per 10 mL goat milk) at 36 °C, and at lab-scale by micro cheesemaking test at 0.5 mL/100 mL goat milk. For all plant extracts, the best Milk Rheological Properties were found at the lowest dose of extract. In the lab-scale test, all plant extracts except C. majus showed interesting clotting behaviour. The results confirmed the pastoral tradition and opened to new perspectives to produce goat cheeses with no-animal rennet using these wild species, linked to the heritage of the geographical area. Further studies will be carried out on the chemical composition, besides the antioxidant capacity and polyphenol content, to attempt explaining the MRPs.
内西伦托(意大利南部坎帕尼亚)的牧区拥有许多珍贵的奶酪,根据口耳相传的传统,当山羊奶酪无法使用动物凝乳酶时,人们会使用一些野生植物来凝结奶酪。奶酪市场在不断演变,寻找新的奶酪,但也与地域和传统息息相关。在人种植物学调查的基础上,对野生植物 Teucrium chamaedrys L.、Galium aparine L.、Galium verum L.、Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.、Chelidonium majus L.、和 Urtica dioica L. 植物提取物对山羊奶的影响进行了评估,评估采用两种剂量(每 10 mL 山羊奶 60 μl 与 50 μl),温度为 36 °C,用 Formagraph 仪器进行流变学测试,并在实验室规模下以 0.5 mL/100 mL 山羊奶进行微奶酪制作测试。对于所有植物提取物,最低剂量的提取物具有最佳的牛奶流变特性。在实验室规模测试中,除 C. majus 外,所有植物提取物都表现出有趣的凝结行为。这些结果证实了畜牧业的传统,并为利用这些野生物种生产无动物凝乳酶的山羊奶酪开辟了新的前景,这与该地区的传统息息相关。除了抗氧化能力和多酚含量外,还将对化学成分进行进一步研究,以尝试解释 MRPs。
{"title":"Evaluation of rheological properties of plant extracts from Mediterranean flora in goat milk","authors":"Carmela Lovallo , Vincenzo De Feo , Salvatore Claps , Lucia Sepe","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The pastoral area of internal Cilento (Campania, Southern Italy) claims many valuable cheeses and according to the oral tradition, when animal rennet was not available for goat cheeses, some wild plants were used for their curdling properties. The cheese market is in continuous evolution, looking for new cheeses but also linked to the territory and tradition. On the bases of an ethnobotanical investigation, the coagulating properties of water extracts of the wild species <em>Teucrium chamaedrys</em> L., <em>Galium aparine</em> L., <em>Galium verum</em> L., <em>Silybum marianum</em> (L.) Gaertn., <em>Chelidonium majus</em> L., and <em>Urtica dioica</em> L. were evaluated on goat milk by rheological test with a Formagraph instrument at two doses (60 μl vs. 50 μl per 10 mL goat milk) at 36 °C, and at lab-scale by micro cheesemaking test at 0.5 mL/100 mL goat milk. For all plant extracts, the best Milk Rheological Properties were found at the lowest dose of extract. In the lab-scale test, all plant extracts except <em>C. majus</em> showed interesting clotting behaviour. The results confirmed the pastoral tradition and opened to new perspectives to produce goat cheeses with no-animal rennet using these wild species, linked to the heritage of the geographical area. Further studies will be carried out on the chemical composition, besides the antioxidant capacity and polyphenol content, to attempt explaining the MRPs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140122120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-07DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107254
Pedro Abel Hernández-García , José Felipe Orzuna-Orzuna , Alfonso Juventino Chay-Canul , Gabriela Vázquez Silva , Cesar Díaz Galván , Pablo Benjamín Razo Ortíz
There are inconsistent results on the effects of organic chromium (OCr) dietary supplementation on productivity, carcass traits, and blood metabolites of sheep. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of OCr dietary supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, meat composition, and serum metabolites of lambs using a meta-analytical approach. The final database included 16 studies from which the variables of interest were obtained. Data were analyzed using a random effects model, and results are presented as weighted mean differences (WMD) between OCr-supplemented and non-OCr treatments. OCr dietary supplementation did not affect dry matter intake; however, average daily gain increased, and feed conversion ratio decreased in response to OCr dietary supplementation. Dietary supplementation with OCr increased hot carcass weight, hot carcass yield, cold carcass weight, and Longissimus dorsi muscle area but decreased backfat thickness. In meat, OCr supplementation increased Warner-Bratzler shear force and protein content and decreased intramuscular fat content. In the blood, OCr dietary supplementation increased the serum concentration of insulin and triiodothyronine. However, serum concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and thyroxine decreased in response to OCr dietary supplementation. In conclusion, organic chromium can be used as a dietary additive to improve average daily gain and feed conversion ratio in lambs and, at the same time, improve carcass traits, meat chemical composition, and serum metabolites.
{"title":"Meta-analysis of organic chromium dietary supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, and serum metabolites of lambs","authors":"Pedro Abel Hernández-García , José Felipe Orzuna-Orzuna , Alfonso Juventino Chay-Canul , Gabriela Vázquez Silva , Cesar Díaz Galván , Pablo Benjamín Razo Ortíz","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There are inconsistent results on the effects of organic chromium (OCr) dietary supplementation on productivity, carcass traits, and blood metabolites of sheep. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of OCr dietary supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, meat composition, and serum metabolites of lambs using a meta-analytical approach. The final database included 16 studies from which the variables of interest were obtained. Data were analyzed using a random effects model, and results are presented as weighted mean differences (WMD) between OCr-supplemented and non-OCr treatments. OCr dietary supplementation did not affect dry matter intake; however, average daily gain increased, and feed conversion ratio decreased in response to OCr dietary supplementation. Dietary supplementation with OCr increased hot carcass weight, hot carcass yield, cold carcass weight, and Longissimus dorsi muscle area but decreased backfat thickness. In meat, OCr supplementation increased Warner-Bratzler shear force and protein content and decreased intramuscular fat content. In the blood, OCr dietary supplementation increased the serum concentration of insulin and triiodothyronine. However, serum concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and thyroxine decreased in response to OCr dietary supplementation. In conclusion, organic chromium can be used as a dietary additive to improve average daily gain and feed conversion ratio in lambs and, at the same time, improve carcass traits, meat chemical composition, and serum metabolites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140103521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107238
Jacques Devos , Gilles Bourgoin , Philippe Thorey , Tanguy Marcotty , Slimania Benabed , Osmite Berlus , Lea Masson , Eric Pardo , Hervé Hoste
Goat’s milk production is an important activity in France. Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) remain a main threat for grazing goats, usually controlled using anthelmintic drugs (AH). However, 1) eprinomectin (EPN) is the sole molecule yet available without withdrawal time for milk in France; 2) nematodes AH resistances increase dramatically. First, a survey was performed on 13 farms in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (AURA) region to evaluate the efficacy of 2 AH authorized for dairy goats: a benzimidazole (BZ) and a macrocyclic lactone (EPN pour-on). Fecal Egg Count Reduction Tests (FECRT) were carried out using 3 groups of 10 goats per farm: a control group, one treated with BZ (oxfendazole) and one treated with EPN. The results indicate a resistance to BZ in 11 out of 13 farms (84.6%) and a lack of efficacy for EPN pour-on in at least 10 farms (76.9%). Secondly, EPN was given orally or subcutaneously in 4 farms of the previous trial showing a lack of efficacy to EPN pour-on. A resistance to EPN was confirmed in 3 out of 4 farms. Although based on a few farms, these results confirm the high prevalence of resistance of GIN to BZ in dairy goat farms. They also highlight a high level of resistance to EPN and the lack of efficacy of EPN when used pour-on. Given the level of resistance to marketed drugs, there is an urgent need to explore alternative options to AH to prepare integrated, sustainable control of GIN.
{"title":"A SURVEY OF ANTHELMINTIC EFFICACY IN DAIRY GOAT FARMS IN SOUTH-EAST FRANCE","authors":"Jacques Devos , Gilles Bourgoin , Philippe Thorey , Tanguy Marcotty , Slimania Benabed , Osmite Berlus , Lea Masson , Eric Pardo , Hervé Hoste","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Goat’s milk production is an important activity in France. Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) remain a main threat for grazing goats, usually controlled using anthelmintic drugs (AH). However, 1) eprinomectin (EPN) is the sole molecule yet available without withdrawal time for milk in France; 2) nematodes AH resistances increase dramatically. First, a survey was performed on 13 farms in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (AURA) region to evaluate the efficacy of 2 AH authorized for dairy goats: a benzimidazole (BZ) and a macrocyclic lactone (EPN pour-on). Fecal Egg Count Reduction Tests (FECRT) were carried out using 3 groups of 10 goats per farm: a control group, one treated with BZ (oxfendazole) and one treated with EPN. The results indicate a resistance to BZ in 11 out of 13 farms (84.6%) and a lack of efficacy for EPN pour-on in at least 10 farms (76.9%). Secondly, EPN was given orally or subcutaneously in 4 farms of the previous trial showing a lack of efficacy to EPN pour-on. A resistance to EPN was confirmed in 3 out of 4 farms. Although based on a few farms, these results confirm the high prevalence of resistance of GIN to BZ in dairy goat farms. They also highlight a high level of resistance to EPN and the lack of efficacy of EPN when used pour-on. Given the level of resistance to marketed drugs, there is an urgent need to explore alternative options to AH to prepare integrated, sustainable control of GIN.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140332661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}