The spatiotemporal dynamics of the total kinetic energy in the atmospheric boundary layer is analyzed in the present work, including the mean kinetic energy component and the ratio of the turbulent to mean kinetic energy components, retrieved by post-processing of long time series of vertical profiles of both average values and variances of the 3D wind vector measured with a minisodar. It can be used to analyze and to predict the dynamics of the wind effect on flying objects in the atmospheric boundary layer.
{"title":"Dynamics of total kinetic energy components in the atmospheric boundary layer from minisodar measurements","authors":"N. P. Krasnenko, A. Potekaev, L. Shamanaeva","doi":"10.1117/12.2644736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2644736","url":null,"abstract":"The spatiotemporal dynamics of the total kinetic energy in the atmospheric boundary layer is analyzed in the present work, including the mean kinetic energy component and the ratio of the turbulent to mean kinetic energy components, retrieved by post-processing of long time series of vertical profiles of both average values and variances of the 3D wind vector measured with a minisodar. It can be used to analyze and to predict the dynamics of the wind effect on flying objects in the atmospheric boundary layer.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124612387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The random inhomogeneities of the refractive index due to turbulent motion in the atmosphere cause a significant decrease in the theoretical resolution of an optical telescope, cause such well-known effects as scintillation, jitter, and degradation of the optical images. Adaptive optics (AO) systems with a laser guide star (LGS) are designed to eliminate the negative effects. The main limitation of LGS is the problem of measuring the global tilt. We offer the approach to using the LGS signal. The approach, where initially the LGS is considered as a point source of spherical wave with a random center is considered. The results of analytical and numerical calculations are reported. The estimation of sodium column density and height peak of sodium mesospheric layer above large Russian Observatories are presented also.
{"title":"The problem of measuring the global tilt from laser guide star","authors":"L. Bolbasova, V. Lukin, S. Ermakov, E. Soin","doi":"10.1117/12.2644899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2644899","url":null,"abstract":"The random inhomogeneities of the refractive index due to turbulent motion in the atmosphere cause a significant decrease in the theoretical resolution of an optical telescope, cause such well-known effects as scintillation, jitter, and degradation of the optical images. Adaptive optics (AO) systems with a laser guide star (LGS) are designed to eliminate the negative effects. The main limitation of LGS is the problem of measuring the global tilt. We offer the approach to using the LGS signal. The approach, where initially the LGS is considered as a point source of spherical wave with a random center is considered. The results of analytical and numerical calculations are reported. The estimation of sodium column density and height peak of sodium mesospheric layer above large Russian Observatories are presented also.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115066896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Kabanov, Aleksandr S. Maslovsky, V. Radionov, S. Sakerin, O. Sidorova, D. Chernov
Based on the ten-year (2011-2021) measurements of the aerosol optical depth of the atmosphere, and the near-surface volume concentration of aerosol and mass concentration of black carbon (eBC) in the Barentsburg settlement (Spitzbergen Archipelago), we estimate the relationship between the contributions from different time variability scales to their total variations. It is noted that synoptic-scale variations make the main contribution (30-70%) for all characteristics. The effect of the diurnal rhythms, making up about 30%, is just manifested for eBC and concentrations of submicron aerosol. The contribution of seasonal and interannual variations does not generally exceed 10-20%.
{"title":"Estimate of contribution from different variability scales to variations in aerosol characteristic on Spitzbergen Archipelago","authors":"D. Kabanov, Aleksandr S. Maslovsky, V. Radionov, S. Sakerin, O. Sidorova, D. Chernov","doi":"10.1117/12.2644068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2644068","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the ten-year (2011-2021) measurements of the aerosol optical depth of the atmosphere, and the near-surface volume concentration of aerosol and mass concentration of black carbon (eBC) in the Barentsburg settlement (Spitzbergen Archipelago), we estimate the relationship between the contributions from different time variability scales to their total variations. It is noted that synoptic-scale variations make the main contribution (30-70%) for all characteristics. The effect of the diurnal rhythms, making up about 30%, is just manifested for eBC and concentrations of submicron aerosol. The contribution of seasonal and interannual variations does not generally exceed 10-20%.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129948900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Experimental data on air temperature inversions in the planetary boundary layer are analyzed with the emphasis on events characterized by wide temperature differences between inversion boundaries. Temperature profiles measured in 2020-2021 with MTP-5 meteorological temperature profilometers at two observation sites located in southwestern Siberia (Tomsk) are used. The correlation between the inversion intensity and the wind direction in the atmospheric surface layer is touched.
{"title":"Extreme temperature inversions in the planetary boundary layer","authors":"A. P. Kamardin, I. Nevzorova, S. L. Odintsov","doi":"10.1117/12.2643768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2643768","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental data on air temperature inversions in the planetary boundary layer are analyzed with the emphasis on events characterized by wide temperature differences between inversion boundaries. Temperature profiles measured in 2020-2021 with MTP-5 meteorological temperature profilometers at two observation sites located in southwestern Siberia (Tomsk) are used. The correlation between the inversion intensity and the wind direction in the atmospheric surface layer is touched.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132855845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Antoshkin, A. G. Borzilov, V. Lavrinov, L. Lavrinova, A. Selin
A description of the stand for an adaptive optics system operating in the mode of emulation of the slopes of the laser radiation wavefront on a turbulent path is given. The potential capabilities of the test bench involve setting the parameters of turbulent distortions characteristic of paths of various lengths, as well as using a piezceramic deflector of wavefront slopes as a source of emulated image distortions in the observation plane. The stand of the adaptive optics system makes it possible to stabilize the jitter of the optical radiation image in the plane of the receiving device with the adaptive correction circuit turned on and off under conditions of various system operation modes.
{"title":"Emulation of atmospheric turbulence for image stabilization of laser radiation on the stand of adaptive optical system","authors":"L. Antoshkin, A. G. Borzilov, V. Lavrinov, L. Lavrinova, A. Selin","doi":"10.1117/12.2644414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2644414","url":null,"abstract":"A description of the stand for an adaptive optics system operating in the mode of emulation of the slopes of the laser radiation wavefront on a turbulent path is given. The potential capabilities of the test bench involve setting the parameters of turbulent distortions characteristic of paths of various lengths, as well as using a piezceramic deflector of wavefront slopes as a source of emulated image distortions in the observation plane. The stand of the adaptive optics system makes it possible to stabilize the jitter of the optical radiation image in the plane of the receiving device with the adaptive correction circuit turned on and off under conditions of various system operation modes.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"40 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131249840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study was conducted on the relationship of the attenuation coefficient of optical radiation by midges with the meteorological parameters of the atmosphere for the summer conditions of 2018 in Western Siberia. It is shown that the maximum values of the coefficient of attenuation of radiation by the midges are observed at the values of vertical turbulent heat flow from 0 to 60 W/m2, air temperature more than 5-7 C and relative air humidity from 30 to 85%. Minimum values of the coefficient of attenuation of radiation by the midges are observed at values of vertical turbulent heat flow more than 100 W/m2, as well as at negative values of vertical turbulent heat flow, air temperature less than 20 С and relative air humidity more than 60-70%.
{"title":"Study of relationship of radiation attenuation coefficient due to midges with meteorological parameters of atmosphere for summer 2018 conditions","authors":"N. N. Shchelkanov, V. A. Gladkikh","doi":"10.1117/12.2644735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2644735","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted on the relationship of the attenuation coefficient of optical radiation by midges with the meteorological parameters of the atmosphere for the summer conditions of 2018 in Western Siberia. It is shown that the maximum values of the coefficient of attenuation of radiation by the midges are observed at the values of vertical turbulent heat flow from 0 to 60 W/m2, air temperature more than 5-7 C and relative air humidity from 30 to 85%. Minimum values of the coefficient of attenuation of radiation by the midges are observed at values of vertical turbulent heat flow more than 100 W/m2, as well as at negative values of vertical turbulent heat flow, air temperature less than 20 С and relative air humidity more than 60-70%.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133806342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Samoilova, Y. Balin, G. Kokhanenko, S. Nasonov, I. É. Penner
A procedure is proposed for deriving the aerosol microphysical characteristics of the spherical particle, the complex refractivity index m = mreal + i*mimage and the bimodal size distribution function U(r), using laser sensing data at the wavelengths within 355-1064 nm. A possibility of different optical set, (3β + 2σ) and (3β + 3σ), is studied for weakly absorbing particles for mimage ≤ 0.010, when mfine ≠ mcoarse holds. The algorithms are tested for one mfine (1.50+i*0.01) and nine mcoarse (mreal= 1.40, 1.50, 1.60; mimage = 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01). In order to include the influence of the contribution from the modal particles into the total concentration, 462 empirical models of U(r) are used.
{"title":"Use of lidar signals of Raman scattering for retrieval of aerosol microphysical characteristics","authors":"S. Samoilova, Y. Balin, G. Kokhanenko, S. Nasonov, I. É. Penner","doi":"10.1117/12.2645295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2645295","url":null,"abstract":"A procedure is proposed for deriving the aerosol microphysical characteristics of the spherical particle, the complex refractivity index m = mreal + i*mimage and the bimodal size distribution function U(r), using laser sensing data at the wavelengths within 355-1064 nm. A possibility of different optical set, (3β + 2σ) and (3β + 3σ), is studied for weakly absorbing particles for mimage ≤ 0.010, when mfine ≠ mcoarse holds. The algorithms are tested for one mfine (1.50+i*0.01) and nine mcoarse (mreal= 1.40, 1.50, 1.60; mimage = 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01). In order to include the influence of the contribution from the modal particles into the total concentration, 462 empirical models of U(r) are used.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134060324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The indispensability of rare earth elements for global markets cannot be overestimated. The use of rare earth metals is found in any high-tech industry. Most deposits of rare earth metals are open. The remaining part is a placer or is located in places inaccessible for development. The development of remote methods for the exploration of deposits of rare earth metals in hard-to-reach places and their placers will reduce the financial costs of the economy, increase the country's raw material potential and help reduce carbon emissions. The article attempts to analyze the possibility of detecting the desired rare earth elements based on the remote method for secondary radiation generated by the alpha decay of uranium-238 and thorium-232. The results of the research will provide an opportunity to map local changes in the radiation background of the earth's surface based on the measurement of weak electromagnetic radiation in the frequency range of 1.4 - 1.7 GHz.
{"title":"Assessment of secondary radiation from the earth surface by availability of uranium - 238","authors":"G. Kolotkov","doi":"10.1117/12.2644973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2644973","url":null,"abstract":"The indispensability of rare earth elements for global markets cannot be overestimated. The use of rare earth metals is found in any high-tech industry. Most deposits of rare earth metals are open. The remaining part is a placer or is located in places inaccessible for development. The development of remote methods for the exploration of deposits of rare earth metals in hard-to-reach places and their placers will reduce the financial costs of the economy, increase the country's raw material potential and help reduce carbon emissions. The article attempts to analyze the possibility of detecting the desired rare earth elements based on the remote method for secondary radiation generated by the alpha decay of uranium-238 and thorium-232. The results of the research will provide an opportunity to map local changes in the radiation background of the earth's surface based on the measurement of weak electromagnetic radiation in the frequency range of 1.4 - 1.7 GHz.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"12341 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129410897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The numerical study of the efficiency of correction of sinusoidal phase distortions in the adaptive optical system with a finite response time (finite operation speed) has been performed. It has been shown that the operation of the adaptive optical system does not affect the beam quality at the ratio of the adaptive optical system bandwidth to the frequency of sinusoidal distortions νAOS / νturb < 1, laser beam is not corrected. The exceed of divergence over the initial value is observed as the result of correction at the increasing of νAOS / νturb from 1 to 6. The increasing of divergence has replaced by its monotonous decline at νAOS / νturb = 2.5. The decrease in the laser beam divergence relative to the initial value has been observed at νAOS / νturb > 6. The average Strehl ratio upon correction reaches 0.65, and the divergence of the laser radiation exceeds the diffraction limit by a factor of 2 at νAOS / νturb =100. Calculations show that phase distortions with the temporal spectrum in the form of a frequency band with a characteristic frequency νturb require a lower bandwidth νAOS for correction than single-frequency phase distortions with the same νturb.
{"title":"Simulation of phase correction of sinusoidal distortions in the adaptive optical system with finite operation speed","authors":"M. Volkov, F. Starikov","doi":"10.1117/12.2644876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2644876","url":null,"abstract":"The numerical study of the efficiency of correction of sinusoidal phase distortions in the adaptive optical system with a finite response time (finite operation speed) has been performed. It has been shown that the operation of the adaptive optical system does not affect the beam quality at the ratio of the adaptive optical system bandwidth to the frequency of sinusoidal distortions νAOS / νturb < 1, laser beam is not corrected. The exceed of divergence over the initial value is observed as the result of correction at the increasing of νAOS / νturb from 1 to 6. The increasing of divergence has replaced by its monotonous decline at νAOS / νturb = 2.5. The decrease in the laser beam divergence relative to the initial value has been observed at νAOS / νturb > 6. The average Strehl ratio upon correction reaches 0.65, and the divergence of the laser radiation exceeds the diffraction limit by a factor of 2 at νAOS / νturb =100. Calculations show that phase distortions with the temporal spectrum in the form of a frequency band with a characteristic frequency νturb require a lower bandwidth νAOS for correction than single-frequency phase distortions with the same νturb.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132058332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main greenhouse gases are ozone and the gas components of ozone cycles. Operational determination of ozone concentration profiles is carried out by lidar methods, which limits the number of measurements obtained. Machine learning methods can be used to build predictive models of the data as well as to approximate them. This paper investigates the possibility of generating data to build robust predictive models of ozone concentration profiles based on generative adversarial neural networks (GAN). Several GAN architectures were proposed and the benefits of each one is discussed.
{"title":"Reconstructing the ozone concentration profile using machine learning methods","authors":"D. Vrazhnov","doi":"10.1117/12.2644962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2644962","url":null,"abstract":"The main greenhouse gases are ozone and the gas components of ozone cycles. Operational determination of ozone concentration profiles is carried out by lidar methods, which limits the number of measurements obtained. Machine learning methods can be used to build predictive models of the data as well as to approximate them. This paper investigates the possibility of generating data to build robust predictive models of ozone concentration profiles based on generative adversarial neural networks (GAN). Several GAN architectures were proposed and the benefits of each one is discussed.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132804702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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