B. Basanov, A. Bazarov, B. Garmaev, A. Bazarova, E. Atutov, Y. Bashkuev
The meteorological situation, which depend on the climatic features of the geographical region, have a significant impact on the propagation of ultrashort radio waves. This work presents the results of a study of the variability of the refractive properties of the surface atmospheric layer in the city of Ulan-Ude influence on the level of the UHF signal in July and October 2021. According to the data from the meteorological station of the city of Ulan-Ude, we calculated the atmospheric refraction. The measurement of the received signal level has been with a Rohde & Schwarz portable TV signal analyzer. We found a high correlation between the averaged signals with refraction.
{"title":"The dynamics of the surface atmospheric layer influence on the variability of the TV signal level in the city of Ulan-Ude","authors":"B. Basanov, A. Bazarov, B. Garmaev, A. Bazarova, E. Atutov, Y. Bashkuev","doi":"10.1117/12.2644925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2644925","url":null,"abstract":"The meteorological situation, which depend on the climatic features of the geographical region, have a significant impact on the propagation of ultrashort radio waves. This work presents the results of a study of the variability of the refractive properties of the surface atmospheric layer in the city of Ulan-Ude influence on the level of the UHF signal in July and October 2021. According to the data from the meteorological station of the city of Ulan-Ude, we calculated the atmospheric refraction. The measurement of the received signal level has been with a Rohde & Schwarz portable TV signal analyzer. We found a high correlation between the averaged signals with refraction.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134498152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A series of seven earthquakes with magnitude М>5.0 recorded during the year from September 2020 to September 2021 in the southern part of the Baikal region was studied. Based on ground data “background” time intervals were identified when there was a seismic lull in this area. Based on satellite data ATMS/SNPP seismo-gravitational fluctuations in temperature and pressure at the isobaric level of 300 hPa were detected. It was revealed that during the preparation of the Baikal earthquakes harmonics with a period of 92-96 hours appear in the spectrum of temperature fluctuations. Such harmonics are absent in the background temperature series.
{"title":"Impact of seismic events in the southern Baikal region on the troposphere according to radiometer data ATMS/SNPP","authors":"V. Kashkin, R. Odintsov, T. Rubleva, K. Simonov","doi":"10.1117/12.2645065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2645065","url":null,"abstract":"A series of seven earthquakes with magnitude М>5.0 recorded during the year from September 2020 to September 2021 in the southern part of the Baikal region was studied. Based on ground data “background” time intervals were identified when there was a seismic lull in this area. Based on satellite data ATMS/SNPP seismo-gravitational fluctuations in temperature and pressure at the isobaric level of 300 hPa were detected. It was revealed that during the preparation of the Baikal earthquakes harmonics with a period of 92-96 hours appear in the spectrum of temperature fluctuations. Such harmonics are absent in the background temperature series.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134563628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The work proposes an original algorithm of the Monte Carlo method for simulating the propagation of laser pulses in a cloudy atmosphere taking into account all scattering orders. The results of studying the features of echo signal propagation through the cloud represented by semi-infinity homogeneous layer are discussed. The contribution of multiple scattering to a ground-based and a spaceborne monostatic lidar returns from clear atmosphere obscured by cumulus, stratus or cirrus clouds is assessed at the wavelength of 0.532 μm. The significant presence of multiple scattering in lidar returns and its dependence on the characteristics of the sounded clouds are demonstrated. High anisotropy of scattering in the forward direct ion by polydispersions of large nonspherical ice crystals is the basis of a tangible effect of multiple scattering for small values of the lidar receiver field of view. The radiation scattered by the crystal particles within a narrow cone around the forward direct ion is predominant and is greater than the corresponding values for scattering on water droplets. For cumulus and stratus clouds, the contribution of triple-scattered photons and higher to the total echo signal increases with increasing field of view of the receiver. The magnitude of multiple scattering effects is also seen to be largely determined by the optical depth across the receiver field of view at the cloud.
{"title":"Modeling of laser pulse propagation in clouds taking into account multiple scattering","authors":"T. Russkova, N. Kan","doi":"10.1117/12.2645067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2645067","url":null,"abstract":"The work proposes an original algorithm of the Monte Carlo method for simulating the propagation of laser pulses in a cloudy atmosphere taking into account all scattering orders. The results of studying the features of echo signal propagation through the cloud represented by semi-infinity homogeneous layer are discussed. The contribution of multiple scattering to a ground-based and a spaceborne monostatic lidar returns from clear atmosphere obscured by cumulus, stratus or cirrus clouds is assessed at the wavelength of 0.532 μm. The significant presence of multiple scattering in lidar returns and its dependence on the characteristics of the sounded clouds are demonstrated. High anisotropy of scattering in the forward direct ion by polydispersions of large nonspherical ice crystals is the basis of a tangible effect of multiple scattering for small values of the lidar receiver field of view. The radiation scattered by the crystal particles within a narrow cone around the forward direct ion is predominant and is greater than the corresponding values for scattering on water droplets. For cumulus and stratus clouds, the contribution of triple-scattered photons and higher to the total echo signal increases with increasing field of view of the receiver. The magnitude of multiple scattering effects is also seen to be largely determined by the optical depth across the receiver field of view at the cloud.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134624185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The results of measurements of the mass concentration of black carbon in the near-ground aerosol (eBC) and the aerosol optical depth of the atmosphere (AOD) are compared with the data of the MERRA-2 reanalysis in the region of 45°W ÷ 110°E, to the south of 35°S and observatory Mirny. Shipborne measurements were carried out during the Russian Antarctic Expeditions (2004-2005) during the transition from Africa to the coast of Antarctica. It is shown that the correlation coefficients between the model and expedition data are only 0.1 for eBC and 0.65 for AOD, but the values are statistically significant. 90% of the discrepancies between model and measured data lie in the ranges of - 20÷65 ng/m3 and -0.045÷0.015, respectively. The correlation of measured and modelled AOD in observatory Mirny is 0.18, and 90% of the discrepancies lie in the range –0.04÷0.025.
{"title":"Results of comparison of characteristics of atmospheric aerosol over the Southern Ocean according to the data of expeditionary measurements and MERRA-2 reanalysis","authors":"D. Kabanov","doi":"10.1117/12.2644413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2644413","url":null,"abstract":"The results of measurements of the mass concentration of black carbon in the near-ground aerosol (eBC) and the aerosol optical depth of the atmosphere (AOD) are compared with the data of the MERRA-2 reanalysis in the region of 45°W ÷ 110°E, to the south of 35°S and observatory Mirny. Shipborne measurements were carried out during the Russian Antarctic Expeditions (2004-2005) during the transition from Africa to the coast of Antarctica. It is shown that the correlation coefficients between the model and expedition data are only 0.1 for eBC and 0.65 for AOD, but the values are statistically significant. 90% of the discrepancies between model and measured data lie in the ranges of - 20÷65 ng/m3 and -0.045÷0.015, respectively. The correlation of measured and modelled AOD in observatory Mirny is 0.18, and 90% of the discrepancies lie in the range –0.04÷0.025.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"53 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124859176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Tcydypov, G. Zhamsueva, A. Zayakhanov, A. Dementeva, T. Balzhanov
The results of measurements of the aerosol size distributions and number concentrations in the atmosphere of the South-Eastern coast of Lake Baikal (“Boyarsky” station) for the April, July and September 2021 are presented. Atmospheric aerosol measurements were carried out in a wide range of sizes from 5 nm to 1μm. To analyze the processes of aerosol formation and transformation, the range under consideration was divided into following mode: nucleation mode, Aitken mode and accumulation mode. The maximum concentration of the Aitken mode was prevailed in all seasons, which account for more than 63%. The highest concentrations of the nucleation mode are observed in the spring period, the share of which is 29% of the total content of the number aerosol concentration.
{"title":"Features of the number-size distribution of atmospheric aerosol particles by measurement data on the South-Eastern coast of Lake Baikal (st. Boyarsky) in 2021","authors":"V. Tcydypov, G. Zhamsueva, A. Zayakhanov, A. Dementeva, T. Balzhanov","doi":"10.1117/12.2644602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2644602","url":null,"abstract":"The results of measurements of the aerosol size distributions and number concentrations in the atmosphere of the South-Eastern coast of Lake Baikal (“Boyarsky” station) for the April, July and September 2021 are presented. Atmospheric aerosol measurements were carried out in a wide range of sizes from 5 nm to 1μm. To analyze the processes of aerosol formation and transformation, the range under consideration was divided into following mode: nucleation mode, Aitken mode and accumulation mode. The maximum concentration of the Aitken mode was prevailed in all seasons, which account for more than 63%. The highest concentrations of the nucleation mode are observed in the spring period, the share of which is 29% of the total content of the number aerosol concentration.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125472373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Signals processing of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) make it possible to estimate delay due to refraction in the ionosphere, as well as the ionospheric total electronic content (TEC). Most of used the ionospheric delay estimation methods are based on processing joint measurements by code and carrier phase in two bands of signals from a navigation satellite. For these methods it is necessary to estimate the value of systematic errors associated with different signal delays in different frequency bands in the radio frequency path of the transmitter satellite and receiver navigation equipment, called differential code biases (DCB). The paper describes the features of the implementation of the method of processing only synchronous phase measurements in different frequency ranges by signals from two GLONASS satellites. The proposed method allows to exclude the influence of DCB on the error of navigation signal delay estimation due to refraction in the ionosphere. An important condition for the implementation of the method is the possibility of observing two satellites with close viewing angles relative to the receiver. The composition of the sources of uncertainty of the obtained estimates of the delay in the ionosphere and TEC is given.
{"title":"Features of estimating ionospheric delay from carrier phase observations of dual-frequency GLONASS signals","authors":"V. Pudlovskiy","doi":"10.1117/12.2644917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2644917","url":null,"abstract":"Signals processing of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) make it possible to estimate delay due to refraction in the ionosphere, as well as the ionospheric total electronic content (TEC). Most of used the ionospheric delay estimation methods are based on processing joint measurements by code and carrier phase in two bands of signals from a navigation satellite. For these methods it is necessary to estimate the value of systematic errors associated with different signal delays in different frequency bands in the radio frequency path of the transmitter satellite and receiver navigation equipment, called differential code biases (DCB). The paper describes the features of the implementation of the method of processing only synchronous phase measurements in different frequency ranges by signals from two GLONASS satellites. The proposed method allows to exclude the influence of DCB on the error of navigation signal delay estimation due to refraction in the ionosphere. An important condition for the implementation of the method is the possibility of observing two satellites with close viewing angles relative to the receiver. The composition of the sources of uncertainty of the obtained estimates of the delay in the ionosphere and TEC is given.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134184728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The time series of troposphere moisture content levels obtained at the ULAZ point (Ulan-Ude, N51°48′, E107°37′, h=517 m) were compared according to GPS observations and surface meteorological observations during 2011 - 2020. The calculation of the total zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) from surface weather data was performed using a simplified formula for mid-latitudes, when the troposphere height for water vapor was limited to 11 km. The linear trend of the total moisture content PW at the ULAZ according to GPS observations was +0.91 mm per decade and +0.82 mm per decade according to surface weather data. Although a 10-year period may not accurately reflect real climate trends, it is nevertheless possible to make an estimate of a marked positive change.
利用2011 - 2020年的GPS观测资料和地面气象观测资料，对ULAZ点(Ulan-Ude, N51°48′，E107°37′，h=517 m)对流层水汽含量的时间序列进行了比较。在对流层水汽高度限制为11 km的条件下，利用中纬度地区地面气象资料，采用简化公式计算了总天顶对流层延迟(ZTD)。根据GPS观测，ULAZ的总含水量PW的线性趋势为+0.91 mm / 10年，根据地面气象资料，PW的线性趋势为+0.82 mm / 10年。虽然10年的周期可能不能准确地反映真实的气候趋势，但仍有可能对显著的积极变化作出估计。
{"title":"10-year trend of vertically integrated water vapor over Ulan-Ude","authors":"M. Dembelov, Y. Bashkuev","doi":"10.1117/12.2644826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2644826","url":null,"abstract":"The time series of troposphere moisture content levels obtained at the ULAZ point (Ulan-Ude, N51°48′, E107°37′, h=517 m) were compared according to GPS observations and surface meteorological observations during 2011 - 2020. The calculation of the total zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) from surface weather data was performed using a simplified formula for mid-latitudes, when the troposphere height for water vapor was limited to 11 km. The linear trend of the total moisture content PW at the ULAZ according to GPS observations was +0.91 mm per decade and +0.82 mm per decade according to surface weather data. Although a 10-year period may not accurately reflect real climate trends, it is nevertheless possible to make an estimate of a marked positive change.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115908141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. A. Gladkikh, A. A. Mamysheva, I. Nevzorova, S. L. Odintsov
The mixed moments of the wind vector components are compared when these components are decomposed into deterministic, meso-gamma-scale, and turbulent parts. The results of wind measurements at heights of 5 and 10 m in August 2021 at a site with natural landscape (large grassy meadow) are used. It is shown that meso-gamma-scale variations of the wind field should necessarily be taken into account in problems of modeling (predicting) the state of the atmospheric surface layer.
{"title":"Comparison of the contributions of turbulent and mesoscale processes to the wind field of the atmospheric surface layer","authors":"V. A. Gladkikh, A. A. Mamysheva, I. Nevzorova, S. L. Odintsov","doi":"10.1117/12.2643761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2643761","url":null,"abstract":"The mixed moments of the wind vector components are compared when these components are decomposed into deterministic, meso-gamma-scale, and turbulent parts. The results of wind measurements at heights of 5 and 10 m in August 2021 at a site with natural landscape (large grassy meadow) are used. It is shown that meso-gamma-scale variations of the wind field should necessarily be taken into account in problems of modeling (predicting) the state of the atmospheric surface layer.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134638673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Bazhenov, A. V. Nevzorov, S. V. Smirnov, A. Elnikov, V. A. Loginov
We present the time series of the total ozone content (TOC) over Tomsk, obtained using three independent spectrophotometers, and carry out their comparative analysis. Comparison of measurements by these instruments shows that they well correlate in terms of the pronounced variations, arising in time behaviors; but the amplitudes of the bursts differ. On the whole, we can note that the TOC values, obtained using IAO instrument, exceed those from two other instruments, TOC values from NASA instrument being the lowest. These smallest TOC values are especially apparent for the summer and fall periods.
{"title":"Comparison of observations of total ozone content over Tomsk (2006-2020) obtained using three spectrophotometers","authors":"O. Bazhenov, A. V. Nevzorov, S. V. Smirnov, A. Elnikov, V. A. Loginov","doi":"10.1117/12.2643481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2643481","url":null,"abstract":"We present the time series of the total ozone content (TOC) over Tomsk, obtained using three independent spectrophotometers, and carry out their comparative analysis. Comparison of measurements by these instruments shows that they well correlate in terms of the pronounced variations, arising in time behaviors; but the amplitudes of the bursts differ. On the whole, we can note that the TOC values, obtained using IAO instrument, exceed those from two other instruments, TOC values from NASA instrument being the lowest. These smallest TOC values are especially apparent for the summer and fall periods.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133710652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper presents the results of the mass concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 particles measurements which were carried out using the Atmas dust analyzer (manufactured in Russia) for 2021. The analysis of the results showed that the period with the maximum values of the mass concentration of suspended particles PM10 and PM2.5 was observed in November-December of the year under study. Also, throughout the year the dates with an excess of the average monthly concentrations by more than 2 times were identified and an analysis of atmospheric pollution by suspended PM particles was carried out for them using the SILAM model. The results of modeling the back trajectories of air flow movement performed using the HYSPLIT software package were used to determine the source of PM10 and PM2.5 particle transport.
{"title":"Determination of suspended aerosols in the atmospheric air according to the dust analyzer Atmas on the example of the Sevastopol City","authors":"D. Kalinskaya","doi":"10.1117/12.2644947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2644947","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of the mass concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 particles measurements which were carried out using the Atmas dust analyzer (manufactured in Russia) for 2021. The analysis of the results showed that the period with the maximum values of the mass concentration of suspended particles PM10 and PM2.5 was observed in November-December of the year under study. Also, throughout the year the dates with an excess of the average monthly concentrations by more than 2 times were identified and an analysis of atmospheric pollution by suspended PM particles was carried out for them using the SILAM model. The results of modeling the back trajectories of air flow movement performed using the HYSPLIT software package were used to determine the source of PM10 and PM2.5 particle transport.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"353 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132298314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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