The work presents an analysis of the air temperature distribution in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) over Siberia, estimated from the observations of 24 aerological stations for 1981−2020. It is shown that on average per year, as well as in winter, spring and autumn, the ABL temperature decreases in the northeast direction in Siberia. In summer, there is a zonal temperature distribution: a decrease from south to north. In winter, there are temperature inversions in the ABL throughout Siberia. In spring, temperature inversions are observed in the polar areas of Siberia, subpolar latitudes of Western Siberia and central regions of Eastern Siberia, in autumn there are ones in temperate and subpolar latitudes of Eastern Siberia.
{"title":"Temperature regime of the atmospheric boundary layer over Siberia","authors":"N. Lomakina, A. Lavrinenko","doi":"10.1117/12.2643122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2643122","url":null,"abstract":"The work presents an analysis of the air temperature distribution in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) over Siberia, estimated from the observations of 24 aerological stations for 1981−2020. It is shown that on average per year, as well as in winter, spring and autumn, the ABL temperature decreases in the northeast direction in Siberia. In summer, there is a zonal temperature distribution: a decrease from south to north. In winter, there are temperature inversions in the ABL throughout Siberia. In spring, temperature inversions are observed in the polar areas of Siberia, subpolar latitudes of Western Siberia and central regions of Eastern Siberia, in autumn there are ones in temperate and subpolar latitudes of Eastern Siberia.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133525004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Rybnov, S. Riabova, Yaroslav O. Romanovsky, A. Spivak
Using the results of instrumental observations, the acoustic, electrical and magnetic effects of the explosive destruction of the bolide on November 17, 2021 in the region of Izhevsk was established. It was found that the effects are non-local in nature and were registered at a significant epicentral distances from the explosion. It is noted that variations in the magnetic field were observed both during the fall of the bolide and during the arrival of the atmospheric signal at the registration point. Based on the characteristic frequency of the atmospheric signal, the bolide explosion energy was estimated, which was 9.4•1010 J.
{"title":"Atmospheric effects caused by the fall of the Izhevsk bolide on November 17, 2021","authors":"Y. Rybnov, S. Riabova, Yaroslav O. Romanovsky, A. Spivak","doi":"10.1117/12.2643673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2643673","url":null,"abstract":"Using the results of instrumental observations, the acoustic, electrical and magnetic effects of the explosive destruction of the bolide on November 17, 2021 in the region of Izhevsk was established. It was found that the effects are non-local in nature and were registered at a significant epicentral distances from the explosion. It is noted that variations in the magnetic field were observed both during the fall of the bolide and during the arrival of the atmospheric signal at the registration point. Based on the characteristic frequency of the atmospheric signal, the bolide explosion energy was estimated, which was 9.4•1010 J.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"11 suppl_1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116544386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present the results of studying year-to-year changes in the variabilities of the mesopause temperature and the peak electron density from the observational data of the complex of instruments of the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS in 2008-2020. The analysis involved data on solar and geomagnetic activity, as well as on variations in the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). We revealed a correlation between the day-to-day variability of the mesopause temperature and SOI variations, with a peak in the La Niña phase and a minimum in the El Niño phase. An analysis of the ionospheric variability and their comparison with changes in geomagnetic and solar activity revealed, that only day-to-day ionospheric variability correlates unambiguously with geomagnetic activity.
{"title":"Year-to-year changes in atmospheric and ionospheric variability in the 24th solar cycle","authors":"I. Medvedeva, K. Ratovsky, M. V. Tolstikov","doi":"10.1117/12.2644623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2644623","url":null,"abstract":"We present the results of studying year-to-year changes in the variabilities of the mesopause temperature and the peak electron density from the observational data of the complex of instruments of the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS in 2008-2020. The analysis involved data on solar and geomagnetic activity, as well as on variations in the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). We revealed a correlation between the day-to-day variability of the mesopause temperature and SOI variations, with a peak in the La Niña phase and a minimum in the El Niño phase. An analysis of the ionospheric variability and their comparison with changes in geomagnetic and solar activity revealed, that only day-to-day ionospheric variability correlates unambiguously with geomagnetic activity.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"200 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115568964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kravchishina, N. Politova, V. Artemiev, D. Glukhovets, S. Vazyulya, A. Lokhov, A. Klyuvitkin, A. Novigatsky, V. Burenkov, V. Shevchenko
This comparative study discusses the concentration and major phase composition of suspended particulate matter (SPM) derived from observations collected in the White, Barents and Kara seas in 2001–2021. A selective synthesis is based on our field data on SPM concentrations obtained from water samples and optical data determined from beam attenuation coefficient and light scattering revealed a pronounced difference of seawater optical properties of the western Arctic shelf of Eurasia. The heterogeneous origin of SPM in the studied Arctic seas largely determines different particle size distribution (PSD) and major phase composition of particulate matter in this region. This impacts the optical properties of the water column and hence primary production and sedimentation processes on the western Eurasian Arctic shelf. In recent decades, the dramatic changes in the Arctic climate system, including sea ice, affecting the concentration and composition of SPM as well as optical properties of sea water on the Barents Sea shelf becomes close to ice-free and seasonally ice-free shelves of the White and Kara seas. A pronounced benthic nepheloid layer (BNL) was reveled widespread in the studied seas but it has different thickness and SPM concentration. SPM distribution in the euphotic zone of the seas is much differs due to mostly various catchment-derived material, including river discharge (particulate and dissolved), and other natural geographical conditions. It is necessary to develop regional and seasonal algorithms linking in situ data with remote sensing of bio-optical characteristics of sea water of the Eurasian Arctic shelf.
{"title":"Influence of suspended particulate matter on the optical properties of seawater in the western Eurasian Arctic shelf","authors":"M. Kravchishina, N. Politova, V. Artemiev, D. Glukhovets, S. Vazyulya, A. Lokhov, A. Klyuvitkin, A. Novigatsky, V. Burenkov, V. Shevchenko","doi":"10.1117/12.2645116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2645116","url":null,"abstract":"This comparative study discusses the concentration and major phase composition of suspended particulate matter (SPM) derived from observations collected in the White, Barents and Kara seas in 2001–2021. A selective synthesis is based on our field data on SPM concentrations obtained from water samples and optical data determined from beam attenuation coefficient and light scattering revealed a pronounced difference of seawater optical properties of the western Arctic shelf of Eurasia. The heterogeneous origin of SPM in the studied Arctic seas largely determines different particle size distribution (PSD) and major phase composition of particulate matter in this region. This impacts the optical properties of the water column and hence primary production and sedimentation processes on the western Eurasian Arctic shelf. In recent decades, the dramatic changes in the Arctic climate system, including sea ice, affecting the concentration and composition of SPM as well as optical properties of sea water on the Barents Sea shelf becomes close to ice-free and seasonally ice-free shelves of the White and Kara seas. A pronounced benthic nepheloid layer (BNL) was reveled widespread in the studied seas but it has different thickness and SPM concentration. SPM distribution in the euphotic zone of the seas is much differs due to mostly various catchment-derived material, including river discharge (particulate and dissolved), and other natural geographical conditions. It is necessary to develop regional and seasonal algorithms linking in situ data with remote sensing of bio-optical characteristics of sea water of the Eurasian Arctic shelf.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"194 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115255434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. V. Boronoev, V. Ompokov, N. Pupysheva, S. Buryukhaev
The paper presents the results of experimental studies of optical radiation impact of three colors (yellow, green and blue) on the functional state of human internal organs using the method of energy coefficient. It has been shown by quantitative assessment that a biological response of the body is not determined by the properties that are common to all the waves of the visible range, but it depends on the wavelength of optical radiation. Short-term exposure to optical radiation of the visible range does not lead to any significant and stable changes in the functioning of internal organs. The results of the research can be used to develop technologies for managing the mental and physiological state of a person.
{"title":"Changes in the structure of pulse signals under the impact of optical radiation of three colors","authors":"V. V. Boronoev, V. Ompokov, N. Pupysheva, S. Buryukhaev","doi":"10.1117/12.2643861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2643861","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of experimental studies of optical radiation impact of three colors (yellow, green and blue) on the functional state of human internal organs using the method of energy coefficient. It has been shown by quantitative assessment that a biological response of the body is not determined by the properties that are common to all the waves of the visible range, but it depends on the wavelength of optical radiation. Short-term exposure to optical radiation of the visible range does not lead to any significant and stable changes in the functioning of internal organs. The results of the research can be used to develop technologies for managing the mental and physiological state of a person.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115216784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linear trends in the total, tropospheric, and stratospheric column NO2 contents obtained from satellite measurements using the Ozone Monitoring Instrument are compared to NO2 trends obtained from ground-based measurements at NDACC stations. For the Zvenigorod station, where vertical distribution of NO2 is retrieved from the ground-based measurements, a satisfactory correspondence of the trends calculated from satellite data to the trends calculated from measurements at the station has been obtained. For other stations where only the total column NO2 contents are measured, the correspondence of the trends calculated from satellite data and trends obtained from ground-based measurements may generally is less satisfactory.
{"title":"Trends in total, tropospheric and stratospheric NO2 contents based on results of ground-based and satellite (OMI) measurements","authors":"A. Gruzdev, A. Elokhov","doi":"10.1117/12.2644393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2644393","url":null,"abstract":"Linear trends in the total, tropospheric, and stratospheric column NO2 contents obtained from satellite measurements using the Ozone Monitoring Instrument are compared to NO2 trends obtained from ground-based measurements at NDACC stations. For the Zvenigorod station, where vertical distribution of NO2 is retrieved from the ground-based measurements, a satisfactory correspondence of the trends calculated from satellite data to the trends calculated from measurements at the station has been obtained. For other stations where only the total column NO2 contents are measured, the correspondence of the trends calculated from satellite data and trends obtained from ground-based measurements may generally is less satisfactory.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121396111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Klimkin, G. Kokhanenko, T. Kuraeva, Konstantin Osipov, Shuo Zhang
Lidar, as an important tool for studying atmospheric aerosol, is widely used in studying the distribution of atmospheric aerosol pollution. In environmental monitoring, especially when using mobile lidar for measurements, it's important to know not only situations of the pollution, but also the coordinates of their sources, and their dynamics distribution . The article introduces a method for calculating the coordinates of the objects locations according to the coordinates of the lidar, the detection direction and the distance between the lidar to the objects. Finally, the programming implementation of the method and its application in the development of auxiliary lidar systems.
{"title":"Calculating the coordinates of the lidar sensing object","authors":"A. Klimkin, G. Kokhanenko, T. Kuraeva, Konstantin Osipov, Shuo Zhang","doi":"10.1117/12.2644765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2644765","url":null,"abstract":"Lidar, as an important tool for studying atmospheric aerosol, is widely used in studying the distribution of atmospheric aerosol pollution. In environmental monitoring, especially when using mobile lidar for measurements, it's important to know not only situations of the pollution, but also the coordinates of their sources, and their dynamics distribution . The article introduces a method for calculating the coordinates of the objects locations according to the coordinates of the lidar, the detection direction and the distance between the lidar to the objects. Finally, the programming implementation of the method and its application in the development of auxiliary lidar systems.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121445380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on observational data, we studied the spatial structure of relation of the sea surface temperature and upper 100- meter ocean layer heat contents with variations in geomagnetic activity. It has been shown that geomagnetic activity contributes significantly to the total temperature variability on time scales greater than 12 months. The enhanced temperature response to geomagnetic activity is observed in regions of surface ocean currents for the periods of the solar poloidal field negative polarity. Variations of the solar poloidal field are the essential factor impacting climatic characteristics. This impact is underconsidered in geomagnetic indices describing activity of the Earth's magnetic field that is basically related to dynamic processes on the Sun.
{"title":"Spatial distribution of the World Ocean heat contents response to solar impact","authors":"S. Molodykh, A. Karakhanyan","doi":"10.1117/12.2644686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2644686","url":null,"abstract":"Based on observational data, we studied the spatial structure of relation of the sea surface temperature and upper 100- meter ocean layer heat contents with variations in geomagnetic activity. It has been shown that geomagnetic activity contributes significantly to the total temperature variability on time scales greater than 12 months. The enhanced temperature response to geomagnetic activity is observed in regions of surface ocean currents for the periods of the solar poloidal field negative polarity. Variations of the solar poloidal field are the essential factor impacting climatic characteristics. This impact is underconsidered in geomagnetic indices describing activity of the Earth's magnetic field that is basically related to dynamic processes on the Sun.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122016311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An algorithm for the calculation of primary production (PP) for the Russian part of the southeastern Baltic Sea was evaluated. The algorithm is based on the vertical profile of chlorophyll a (Chl a), the parameter for estimation of the underwater irradiance distribution, and the photosynthetic parameter PBopt. An empirical equation previously developed for the Baltic Sea was used to reconstruct the vertical profiles of Chl a from its concentration in the surface layer. Parameter PBopt was observed from the data of monthly in situ measurements at a buoy station during the year. As a result, the multiple regression equation linked the photosynthetic parameter PBopt with two variables – the sea surface temperature and the Chl a concentration. Relationship between Chl a concentration at the surface and Secchi disk was used for estimation of the surface light diffuse attenuation coefficient. The algorithm was verified on the ship-based measurements and on satellite data. PP values calculated by the algorithm in the warm period of the year are not underestimated, what appears to be of a great importance for studying the biogeochemical cycles and carbon flux.
{"title":"Estimation of primary production for the southeastern Baltic Sea from chlorophyll a concentration and water column photosynthetic parameters","authors":"E. Kudryavtseva, T. Bukanova","doi":"10.1117/12.2645063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2645063","url":null,"abstract":"An algorithm for the calculation of primary production (PP) for the Russian part of the southeastern Baltic Sea was evaluated. The algorithm is based on the vertical profile of chlorophyll a (Chl a), the parameter for estimation of the underwater irradiance distribution, and the photosynthetic parameter PBopt. An empirical equation previously developed for the Baltic Sea was used to reconstruct the vertical profiles of Chl a from its concentration in the surface layer. Parameter PBopt was observed from the data of monthly in situ measurements at a buoy station during the year. As a result, the multiple regression equation linked the photosynthetic parameter PBopt with two variables – the sea surface temperature and the Chl a concentration. Relationship between Chl a concentration at the surface and Secchi disk was used for estimation of the surface light diffuse attenuation coefficient. The algorithm was verified on the ship-based measurements and on satellite data. PP values calculated by the algorithm in the warm period of the year are not underestimated, what appears to be of a great importance for studying the biogeochemical cycles and carbon flux.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125000082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. V. Apeksimov, Y. Geints, A. M. Kabanov, A. V. Petrov, E. E. Khoroshaeva, V. Losev, S. Alekseev
The work presents the results of laboratory experiments on controlling the filamentation domain of a focused femtosecond laser beam with a spatially structured (using a deformable mirror) wavefront. We studied aberration beams consisting of coherent nested annular subapertures obtained with a specific shape of a deformable mirror determined from theoretical estimates. This makes it possible to create inhomogeneities in distribution of the optical field amplitude during propagation of the laser beam, which can subsequently become seeds for the light filaments formation. This regime of high-power radiation filamentation control does not require compensation for distortions in the initial beam profile, but on the contrary, it is based on the controlled introduction of preliminarily calculated wavefront aberrations.
{"title":"Filamentation of femtosecond laser radiation in the air at the aberration focusing regime","authors":"D. V. Apeksimov, Y. Geints, A. M. Kabanov, A. V. Petrov, E. E. Khoroshaeva, V. Losev, S. Alekseev","doi":"10.1117/12.2644906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2644906","url":null,"abstract":"The work presents the results of laboratory experiments on controlling the filamentation domain of a focused femtosecond laser beam with a spatially structured (using a deformable mirror) wavefront. We studied aberration beams consisting of coherent nested annular subapertures obtained with a specific shape of a deformable mirror determined from theoretical estimates. This makes it possible to create inhomogeneities in distribution of the optical field amplitude during propagation of the laser beam, which can subsequently become seeds for the light filaments formation. This regime of high-power radiation filamentation control does not require compensation for distortions in the initial beam profile, but on the contrary, it is based on the controlled introduction of preliminarily calculated wavefront aberrations.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123970371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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