In this paper, the authors propose a method for determining diffuse and direct irradiance under cumulus clouds using an unshaded pyranometer data, and provide an example and practical measurement results.
{"title":"Determination of diffuse and direct irradiance under cumulus clouds using pyranometer data.","authors":"S. Zuev","doi":"10.1117/12.2643766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2643766","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the authors propose a method for determining diffuse and direct irradiance under cumulus clouds using an unshaded pyranometer data, and provide an example and practical measurement results.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115410612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Dementyeva, Alena Popykina, M. Kulikov, E. Mareev
In this paper, we compared lightning activity over territories with different aerosol loads on the example of a megacity (Moscow), a metropolis (Nizhny Novgorod) and a sparsely populated area without large cities, but exposed to forest fires (central Siberia). The general patterns of thunderstorms during convective seasons, as well as the characteristic features of thunderstorms in each of the territories under consideration, are revealed. The analysis of the results of modeling the distributions of the electric potential for thunderstorms in the territories under consideration was carried out, which made it possible to identify differences in the electric parameters of thunderclouds for territories with different aerosol loads, which directly affect the occurrence of the electric discharges and lightning activity.
{"title":"Comparison of dynamics of convective systems and lightning activity over territories with different aerosol load","authors":"S. Dementyeva, Alena Popykina, M. Kulikov, E. Mareev","doi":"10.1117/12.2644869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2644869","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we compared lightning activity over territories with different aerosol loads on the example of a megacity (Moscow), a metropolis (Nizhny Novgorod) and a sparsely populated area without large cities, but exposed to forest fires (central Siberia). The general patterns of thunderstorms during convective seasons, as well as the characteristic features of thunderstorms in each of the territories under consideration, are revealed. The analysis of the results of modeling the distributions of the electric potential for thunderstorms in the territories under consideration was carried out, which made it possible to identify differences in the electric parameters of thunderclouds for territories with different aerosol loads, which directly affect the occurrence of the electric discharges and lightning activity.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127455134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Malkin, N. Cherneva, D. Sannikov, R. Akbashev, G. I. Druzhin
Continuous monitoring of electromagnetic radiation of natural origin in VLF range (3-30 kHz) allowed us to collect a long-term data base of thunderstorm activity in Kamchatka peninsula. The collected data base also includes lightning cells determined by «dirty thunderstorms» generated during volcanic explosive eruptions. The earlier analysis showed that two-stage scenario of development is typical for all «dirty thunderstorms». The first stage is accompanied by eruptive column formation and depends on eruption power and ash cloud height. The second stage, depending on eruption power and on eruptive cloud interaction during its propagation with meteorological clouds, is associated with eruptive cloud formation and propagation. The paper shows the mechanism of gas formation in eruptive clouds. It explains the sequence of two stages.
{"title":"Mechanisms of gas formation in eruptive clouds","authors":"E. Malkin, N. Cherneva, D. Sannikov, R. Akbashev, G. I. Druzhin","doi":"10.1117/12.2644898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2644898","url":null,"abstract":"Continuous monitoring of electromagnetic radiation of natural origin in VLF range (3-30 kHz) allowed us to collect a long-term data base of thunderstorm activity in Kamchatka peninsula. The collected data base also includes lightning cells determined by «dirty thunderstorms» generated during volcanic explosive eruptions. The earlier analysis showed that two-stage scenario of development is typical for all «dirty thunderstorms». The first stage is accompanied by eruptive column formation and depends on eruption power and ash cloud height. The second stage, depending on eruption power and on eruptive cloud interaction during its propagation with meteorological clouds, is associated with eruptive cloud formation and propagation. The paper shows the mechanism of gas formation in eruptive clouds. It explains the sequence of two stages.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126051293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. V. Kuskov, V. Banakh, E. Gordeev, A. N. Shesternin
The report presents the results of experiments to compensate for the mismatch of the optical axes of the transmitter and receiver based on backscattering of the focused beam radiation. The matching error does not exceed 2.5 arc seconds.
{"title":"Compensation of the optical axis mission of the transmitter and receiver based on backscattered radiation","authors":"V. V. Kuskov, V. Banakh, E. Gordeev, A. N. Shesternin","doi":"10.1117/12.2645058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2645058","url":null,"abstract":"The report presents the results of experiments to compensate for the mismatch of the optical axes of the transmitter and receiver based on backscattering of the focused beam radiation. The matching error does not exceed 2.5 arc seconds.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122382423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The plots of monthly regional contribution to extreme positive and negative anomalies of surface air temperature in Moscow in 1949-2019 have been restored. Monthly large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns favoring superheated and supercooled air’s intrusions into the Moscow region in 1949-2019 were obtained. Drivers of supercooled air transfer in cold season are anticyclones centered over the Kola Peninsula, in warm season - cyclones centered over the middle and polar Urals. Transfer of superheated air in cold season is facilitated by cyclones centered over the south of the Scandinavian Peninsula, in the warm season - by anticyclones centered over middle Volga region.
{"title":"Potential sources and mechanism of invasions of extremely cold and extremely warm air in the Moscow region","authors":"K. Shukurov, L. Shukurova","doi":"10.1117/12.2645088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2645088","url":null,"abstract":"The plots of monthly regional contribution to extreme positive and negative anomalies of surface air temperature in Moscow in 1949-2019 have been restored. Monthly large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns favoring superheated and supercooled air’s intrusions into the Moscow region in 1949-2019 were obtained. Drivers of supercooled air transfer in cold season are anticyclones centered over the Kola Peninsula, in warm season - cyclones centered over the middle and polar Urals. Transfer of superheated air in cold season is facilitated by cyclones centered over the south of the Scandinavian Peninsula, in the warm season - by anticyclones centered over middle Volga region.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122661091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The propagation of ELF-ULF electromagnetic waves in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide is the subject of a long-term study at the Sadovsky Institute of geospheres dynamics within the geophysical vertical framework. This study closes the chain of processes that start from the solar activity and occur in the upper geospheres with the problems of the lithosphere-ionosphere interaction. The 3D numerical model is described with results of verification on the analytical solutions and applications to a number of lower ionosphere models. In conclusion we set up the list of the forthcoming problems in SR physics which are most important for the physics and chemistry of environment under the global climate change.
{"title":"Experimental and theoretical study of Schumann resonance","authors":"A. Lyakhov, E. S. Goncharov, T. Losseva","doi":"10.1117/12.2644767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2644767","url":null,"abstract":"The propagation of ELF-ULF electromagnetic waves in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide is the subject of a long-term study at the Sadovsky Institute of geospheres dynamics within the geophysical vertical framework. This study closes the chain of processes that start from the solar activity and occur in the upper geospheres with the problems of the lithosphere-ionosphere interaction. The 3D numerical model is described with results of verification on the analytical solutions and applications to a number of lower ionosphere models. In conclusion we set up the list of the forthcoming problems in SR physics which are most important for the physics and chemistry of environment under the global climate change.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122661401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The transverse mutual coherence function of the second order of the field of optical beam propagating in a discrete scattering medium with particles, whose sizes are large compared with a wavelength of optical radiation, is described by the integral equation. It is shown that when certain conditions are met, this integral equation turns into a differential equation. Using the analytical solution of this differential equation, a numerical analysis of the behavior of the mean intensity of the Gaussian, hollow Gaussian, Gaussian beam with a vortex phase and vortex Gaussian beams is performed.
{"title":"Propagation of vortex beams in discrete scattering media","authors":"I. Lukin","doi":"10.1117/12.2644942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2644942","url":null,"abstract":"The transverse mutual coherence function of the second order of the field of optical beam propagating in a discrete scattering medium with particles, whose sizes are large compared with a wavelength of optical radiation, is described by the integral equation. It is shown that when certain conditions are met, this integral equation turns into a differential equation. Using the analytical solution of this differential equation, a numerical analysis of the behavior of the mean intensity of the Gaussian, hollow Gaussian, Gaussian beam with a vortex phase and vortex Gaussian beams is performed.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122967299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Latushkin, Y. Artamonov, Elena E. Skripaleva, Alexandr A. Fedirko, Danil D. Ryabokon
The results of hydrological and hydrooptical measurements carried out in the spring (April 22–May 17) and summer (July 29–August 10) 2021 in the north-eastern part of the Black Sea during cruises 116th and 117th of the R/V Professor Vodyanitsky are presented. It is shown that in spring, when there was an intensive rivers run-off, the area with a high content of total suspended matter was a strip up to 40 km wide, stretched along the coast of the Krasnodar Krai. In summer, when the river run-off was weakened, the maximum values of the total suspended matter concentration were noted in a relatively narrow coastal strip no more than 20 km wide. Maximum turbidity was noted in the surface layer in spring and in summer it descended into the layer of seasonal thermocline, halocline and pycnocline. The consistency of the horizontal distributions of the total suspended matter concentration and temperature had a significant level deeper than the seasonal thermocline – in the spring in the layer from 20 to 35 m, in the summer in the layer from 15 to 70 m, while a direct correlation was observed, i.e. at these depths, warmer waters were characterized by increased turbidity. The maximum level of consistency between the horizontal fields of the total suspended matter concentration, salinity and density in spring was observed in the upper 20–25 m layer, while the correlation was inverse, i.e. at these depths, less saline and denser waters were characterized by increased turbidity, which is explained by intensive river run-off. In summer, the nature of the correlation was preserved, and the best consistency of the horizontal fields of the total suspended matter concentration, salinity and density was observed in the surface 10-m layer and deeper than the seasonal halocline and pycnocline in the 20–40 m layer.
{"title":"Total suspended matter distribution features in the north-eastern part of the Black Sea in spring-summer period of 2021","authors":"A. Latushkin, Y. Artamonov, Elena E. Skripaleva, Alexandr A. Fedirko, Danil D. Ryabokon","doi":"10.1117/12.2644525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2644525","url":null,"abstract":"The results of hydrological and hydrooptical measurements carried out in the spring (April 22–May 17) and summer (July 29–August 10) 2021 in the north-eastern part of the Black Sea during cruises 116th and 117th of the R/V Professor Vodyanitsky are presented. It is shown that in spring, when there was an intensive rivers run-off, the area with a high content of total suspended matter was a strip up to 40 km wide, stretched along the coast of the Krasnodar Krai. In summer, when the river run-off was weakened, the maximum values of the total suspended matter concentration were noted in a relatively narrow coastal strip no more than 20 km wide. Maximum turbidity was noted in the surface layer in spring and in summer it descended into the layer of seasonal thermocline, halocline and pycnocline. The consistency of the horizontal distributions of the total suspended matter concentration and temperature had a significant level deeper than the seasonal thermocline – in the spring in the layer from 20 to 35 m, in the summer in the layer from 15 to 70 m, while a direct correlation was observed, i.e. at these depths, warmer waters were characterized by increased turbidity. The maximum level of consistency between the horizontal fields of the total suspended matter concentration, salinity and density in spring was observed in the upper 20–25 m layer, while the correlation was inverse, i.e. at these depths, less saline and denser waters were characterized by increased turbidity, which is explained by intensive river run-off. In summer, the nature of the correlation was preserved, and the best consistency of the horizontal fields of the total suspended matter concentration, salinity and density was observed in the surface 10-m layer and deeper than the seasonal halocline and pycnocline in the 20–40 m layer.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122178515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. A. Simakhin, A. Potekaev, O. S. Cherepanov, L. Shamanaeva
In the present work, the kinetic energy of wind outliers taken to mean wind velocity values exceeding a preset value and including wind gusts are compared with the mean wind kinetic energy component retrieved from minisodar measurements using the robust parametric algorithm proposed by the authors. Allowance for the contribution of the wind outliers in the parametric estimates of the wind kinetic energy enables its fine structure to be determined and its effect on light flying objects, high-rise buildings, bridges to be estimated and the energy potentials of wind turbines to be evaluated.
{"title":"Parametric estimates of the kinetic energy in the atmospheric boundary layer from minisodar measurements","authors":"V. A. Simakhin, A. Potekaev, O. S. Cherepanov, L. Shamanaeva","doi":"10.1117/12.2644494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2644494","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, the kinetic energy of wind outliers taken to mean wind velocity values exceeding a preset value and including wind gusts are compared with the mean wind kinetic energy component retrieved from minisodar measurements using the robust parametric algorithm proposed by the authors. Allowance for the contribution of the wind outliers in the parametric estimates of the wind kinetic energy enables its fine structure to be determined and its effect on light flying objects, high-rise buildings, bridges to be estimated and the energy potentials of wind turbines to be evaluated.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117071670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Tarasenkov, V. Belov, M. Engel, A. Zimovaya, M. N. Zonov, A. Bogdanova
To validate the proposed algorithm for retrieving the reflection coefficients of the earth’s surface, the results of ground - based measurements at the test area with the coordinates 38.829°N, 8.791°W are compared with the results obtained with the proposed algorithm, the MOD09 algorithm, and the algorithm without atmospheric correction. The comparison shows a good agreement of the results yielded by the proposed and MOD09 algorithms with the ground measurements. The reflection coefficients for the area with the coordinates 38.4-39.3º N, 8.3-9.2º W on May 03, 2016, as retrieved by the proposed algorithm, the MOD09 algorithm, and the algorithm without atmospheric correction are analyzed. For the MODIS channels 1 and 2, the MOD09 algorithm gives negative values of the reflection coefficient for some pixels, while the proposed algorithm does not. The algorithm without atmospheric correction overestimates the reflection coefficient.
{"title":"Validation of the algorithm for reconstructing the Earth surface reflection coefficients from MODIS data","authors":"M. Tarasenkov, V. Belov, M. Engel, A. Zimovaya, M. N. Zonov, A. Bogdanova","doi":"10.1117/12.2644851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2644851","url":null,"abstract":"To validate the proposed algorithm for retrieving the reflection coefficients of the earth’s surface, the results of ground - based measurements at the test area with the coordinates 38.829°N, 8.791°W are compared with the results obtained with the proposed algorithm, the MOD09 algorithm, and the algorithm without atmospheric correction. The comparison shows a good agreement of the results yielded by the proposed and MOD09 algorithms with the ground measurements. The reflection coefficients for the area with the coordinates 38.4-39.3º N, 8.3-9.2º W on May 03, 2016, as retrieved by the proposed algorithm, the MOD09 algorithm, and the algorithm without atmospheric correction are analyzed. For the MODIS channels 1 and 2, the MOD09 algorithm gives negative values of the reflection coefficient for some pixels, while the proposed algorithm does not. The algorithm without atmospheric correction overestimates the reflection coefficient.","PeriodicalId":217776,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Ocean Optics","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129605841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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