In this paper, a rapid and sensitive modified electrode for the determination of hydroquinone (HQ) is proposed. In this study, active compound HQ was determined from commercial drug form based on electrochemical oxidation properties at various electrodes by voltammetric methods. Electrodes modified by the electrodeposition of conducting organic polymers such as poly(3-methylthiophene, PMT), polypyrrole (PPY) and polyaniline (PAN) were used as chemical sensors for voltammetric analysis and flow injection detection of HQ. The electrochemical behavior of HQ at conducting polymer electrodes was compared and the effects on behavior of electrolyte type and its pH and the film thickness were systematically examined. The results showed that the proposed modified surface catalyzes the oxidation of HQ. Electrocatalytic efficiency decreases in order of PMT > PPY > PAN. Voltammetric peak positions were affected by the nature of the electrolyte and its pH. Also, the effect of increasing film thickness was to observe increased peak heights for oxidation potential of HQ. The best results for the determination of HQ were obtained by DPV in Na2SO4 (pH 2.0) and PMT electrodes. Polymer coated electrodes were also used in an amperometric detector for flow injection analysis of HQ. The responses of the polymer electrode were 5–15 times larger as compared to those of bare platinum. PMT showed improved performance as an amperometric detector for flow injection analysis systems over other types of polymer electrodes. Detection limits as low as 1 × 10–9 M were achieved using the PMT, compared to 1 × 10–6 M using platinum electrodes.
{"title":"Investigation of the Electrochemical Behavior of Hydroquinone at Some Conducting Polymer Electrodes and Amperometric Detection","authors":"G. Erdoğdu","doi":"10.1166/sl.2020.4213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4213","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a rapid and sensitive modified electrode for the determination of hydroquinone (HQ) is proposed. In this study, active compound HQ was determined from commercial drug form based on electrochemical oxidation properties at various electrodes by voltammetric methods. Electrodes\u0000 modified by the electrodeposition of conducting organic polymers such as poly(3-methylthiophene, PMT), polypyrrole (PPY) and polyaniline (PAN) were used as chemical sensors for voltammetric analysis and flow injection detection of HQ. The electrochemical behavior of HQ at conducting polymer\u0000 electrodes was compared and the effects on behavior of electrolyte type and its pH and the film thickness were systematically examined. The results showed that the proposed modified surface catalyzes the oxidation of HQ. Electrocatalytic efficiency decreases in order of PMT > PPY > PAN.\u0000 Voltammetric peak positions were affected by the nature of the electrolyte and its pH. Also, the effect of increasing film thickness was to observe increased peak heights for oxidation potential of HQ. The best results for the determination of HQ were obtained by DPV in Na2SO4\u0000 (pH 2.0) and PMT electrodes. Polymer coated electrodes were also used in an amperometric detector for flow injection analysis of HQ. The responses of the polymer electrode were 5–15 times larger as compared to those of bare platinum. PMT showed improved performance as an amperometric\u0000 detector for flow injection analysis systems over other types of polymer electrodes. Detection limits as low as 1 × 10–9 M were achieved using the PMT, compared to 1 × 10–6 M using platinum electrodes.","PeriodicalId":21781,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Letters","volume":"11 1","pages":"241-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86275449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Srivastava, Abhai Tiwari, Pankaj Kumar, S. Sadistap
Lactometer is used to monitor milk quality at various dairy centers but this may lead towards incorrect results because it requires human intervention and exact temperature correction as well as overall process is time-consuming. Presented work proposes the multispectral based spectroscopic approach along with the comparative study of different chemometric and artificial neural network (ANN) based techniques to measure different milk quality parameters. A multispectral spectroscopic sensing module has been designed using off the shelf components and further interfaced with 8-bit microcontroller based embedded system to produce three different spectrums of transmittance and scattering at +90 degree and –90 degree over the wavelength range of 340–1030 nm. Data acquisition process has been performed for 150 milk samples (cow, buffalo, and mix) collected from the bulk milk cooling center (BMC), Jaipur. Different statistical modeling techniques such as principle component regression (PCR), multiple linear regression (MLR) and partial least square regression (PLSR) have been implemented to develop correlation models between extracted features and target milk parameters. Implemented techniques have been compared based on the accuracy of their prediction models and it has been observed that PLSR shows better results compared to other two techniques. ANN-based modeling approach also has been explored to improve the accuracy of results. Five different artificial neural networks (ANN) based modeling techniques (LevenbergMarquardt, Bayesian regulation, scaled conjugate gradient, gradient descent and resilient) have been used to predict targeted milk quality parameters. Out of them, Gradient descent modeling technique performs better to predict fat content of the milk (R2 = 0.96198), Bayesian regulation performs better to predict lactose content (R2 = 0.90594) and others (solid non-fat (SNF), protein) are just satisfactory (R2 = 0.76077 for SNF using scaled conjugate gradient, R2 = 0.41935 for protein using Levenberg Marquardt). Produced results are validated with the MilkoScan FT1 system installed at Rajasthan Corporation of Dairy Federation (RCDF), Jaipur and it has been observed that results presented higher order of coefficient of determination as mentioned above (except protein, S.N.F.). A smartphone-based android application also has been developed to acquire data from the embedded system using Bluetooth protocol and transfer to cloud with the location information for further analysis.
{"title":"A Multispectral Spectroscopic Based Sensing System for Quality Parameters Measurement in Raw Milk Samples","authors":"S. Srivastava, Abhai Tiwari, Pankaj Kumar, S. Sadistap","doi":"10.1166/sl.2020.4222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4222","url":null,"abstract":"Lactometer is used to monitor milk quality at various dairy centers but this may lead towards incorrect results because it requires human intervention and exact temperature correction as well as overall process is time-consuming. Presented work proposes the multispectral based spectroscopic\u0000 approach along with the comparative study of different chemometric and artificial neural network (ANN) based techniques to measure different milk quality parameters. A multispectral spectroscopic sensing module has been designed using off the shelf components and further interfaced with 8-bit\u0000 microcontroller based embedded system to produce three different spectrums of transmittance and scattering at +90 degree and –90 degree over the wavelength range of 340–1030 nm. Data acquisition process has been performed for 150 milk samples (cow, buffalo, and mix) collected from\u0000 the bulk milk cooling center (BMC), Jaipur. Different statistical modeling techniques such as principle component regression (PCR), multiple linear regression (MLR) and partial least square regression (PLSR) have been implemented to develop correlation models between extracted features and\u0000 target milk parameters. Implemented techniques have been compared based on the accuracy of their prediction models and it has been observed that PLSR shows better results compared to other two techniques. ANN-based modeling approach also has been explored to improve the accuracy of results.\u0000 Five different artificial neural networks (ANN) based modeling techniques (LevenbergMarquardt, Bayesian regulation, scaled conjugate gradient, gradient descent and resilient) have been used to predict targeted milk quality parameters. Out of them, Gradient descent modeling technique performs\u0000 better to predict fat content of the milk (R2 = 0.96198), Bayesian regulation performs better to predict lactose content (R2 = 0.90594) and others (solid non-fat (SNF), protein) are just satisfactory (R2 = 0.76077 for SNF using scaled conjugate\u0000 gradient, R2 = 0.41935 for protein using Levenberg Marquardt). Produced results are validated with the MilkoScan FT1 system installed at Rajasthan Corporation of Dairy Federation (RCDF), Jaipur and it has been observed that results presented higher order of coefficient of\u0000 determination as mentioned above (except protein, S.N.F.). A smartphone-based android application also has been developed to acquire data from the embedded system using Bluetooth protocol and transfer to cloud with the location information for further analysis.","PeriodicalId":21781,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Letters","volume":"30 1 1","pages":"311-321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85479268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, wireless networks are the key concern in communication field. Mobile Ad Hoc NETwork (MANET) comprised number of wireless nodes to communicate with each other for information exchange. MANET is temporary network constructed for particular purpose and no need of any pre-established infrastructure. MANET became well-liked technology due to its flexibility for various applications. The flexibility brings new security threats in MANET. Intrusion detection system used to identify and prevent the security attacks at different levels. IDS needed continuous monitoring which resulted in fast exhaustion of node battery life. Many researchers introduced different intrusion detection techniques for detecting the attacks variants. But, the energy consumption and intrusion detection performance was not improved. In order to address these problems, the existing intrusion detection techniques are reviewed.
{"title":"Performance Comparison of Secure Communication in Mobile Ad Hoc NETwork Using Intrusion Detection Techniques","authors":"D. Suganya, A. Babu","doi":"10.1166/sl.2020.4227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4227","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, wireless networks are the key concern in communication field. Mobile Ad Hoc NETwork (MANET) comprised number of wireless nodes to communicate with each other for information exchange. MANET is temporary network constructed for particular purpose and no need of any pre-established\u0000 infrastructure. MANET became well-liked technology due to its flexibility for various applications. The flexibility brings new security threats in MANET. Intrusion detection system used to identify and prevent the security attacks at different levels. IDS needed continuous monitoring which\u0000 resulted in fast exhaustion of node battery life. Many researchers introduced different intrusion detection techniques for detecting the attacks variants. But, the energy consumption and intrusion detection performance was not improved. In order to address these problems, the existing intrusion\u0000 detection techniques are reviewed.","PeriodicalId":21781,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Letters","volume":"56 1","pages":"273-279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85471847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Khabiri, M. S. Tagharoodi, Mohammad Reza Pourhossainy, M. Abbasi, Mohamoud Razavizade
Hydrocarbon liquids such as gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and solvents are hazardous materials derived from petroleum. These materials can diffuse the rubber network structures and cause swelling in these polymers. Rubber materials containing conductive fillers exhibit a high conductivity at the higher percolation threshold. As direct effect of solvent on the polymer, swelling in the rubber composite alters the structure of the filler network and subsequently the composite properties change significantly. This Process can be considered as a signal for solvent or hydrocarbon fuel detector system and used conductive rubber composite as a flexible sensor. In this study, the nitrile/graphite composite samples were prepared containing different amounts of graphite particles. These samples have the ability to measure electrical resistance. The electrical resistance of rubber/graphite samples decreases with increasing content of graphite particles. The increase in the electrical resistance of the specimens was measured by using conductive composite swelling in toluene solvent and it was observed that all specimens eventually became electrical insulation. Samples with concentrations of 60, 70, and 80 phr are conductive after recovery and solvent removal. While their conductivity is less than that of the virgin samples. The incremental trend of electrical resistance against the conductive composite swelling was measured in toluene solvent and it was observed that all samples were eventually converted to electrical insulation. But there is little difference between the third swelling process and the second one. This phenomenon has occurred for all three samples, which reveals a good similarity with the Mullins effect.
{"title":"Flexible Liquid Sensor Based on Rubber/Graphite Composite","authors":"M. Khabiri, M. S. Tagharoodi, Mohammad Reza Pourhossainy, M. Abbasi, Mohamoud Razavizade","doi":"10.1166/sl.2020.4217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4217","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrocarbon liquids such as gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and solvents are hazardous materials derived from petroleum. These materials can diffuse the rubber network structures and cause swelling in these polymers. Rubber materials containing conductive fillers exhibit a high conductivity\u0000 at the higher percolation threshold. As direct effect of solvent on the polymer, swelling in the rubber composite alters the structure of the filler network and subsequently the composite properties change significantly. This Process can be considered as a signal for solvent or hydrocarbon\u0000 fuel detector system and used conductive rubber composite as a flexible sensor. In this study, the nitrile/graphite composite samples were prepared containing different amounts of graphite particles. These samples have the ability to measure electrical resistance. The electrical resistance\u0000 of rubber/graphite samples decreases with increasing content of graphite particles. The increase in the electrical resistance of the specimens was measured by using conductive composite swelling in toluene solvent and it was observed that all specimens eventually became electrical insulation.\u0000 Samples with concentrations of 60, 70, and 80 phr are conductive after recovery and solvent removal. While their conductivity is less than that of the virgin samples. The incremental trend of electrical resistance against the conductive composite swelling was measured in toluene solvent and\u0000 it was observed that all samples were eventually converted to electrical insulation. But there is little difference between the third swelling process and the second one. This phenomenon has occurred for all three samples, which reveals a good similarity with the Mullins effect.","PeriodicalId":21781,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Letters","volume":"27 1","pages":"246-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89602396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A sensitive and simple modified sensor was prepared by electrodeposition of diphenylamine sulfonic acid (DPSA) to the glassy carbon electrode surface by cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. The electrooxidation of epinephrine (EP) was accomplished by CV and differential pulse voltammetry at poly(DPSA) modified sensor. As a result of the findings, the current values were enhanced and both substances were separated at the modified sensor compared to the bare electrode. There was linearly between the oxidation current and concentration of EP from 0.2 to 100 μM in phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.0. The limit of detection was 5.0 nM and the sensitivity was 0.4205 μA/μM. The determination of EP was successfully and satisfactorily carried out in real samples such as human blood serum and urine at the poly(DPSA) sensor. To the best knowledge of this work, this is the first study that detect the EP in the presence of ascorbic acid at poly(DPSA) sensor in the literature.
{"title":"Sensitive Determination of Epinephrine in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid at Poly(diphenylamine sulfonic acid) Modified Sensor","authors":"G. Erdoğdu","doi":"10.1166/sl.2020.4228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4228","url":null,"abstract":"A sensitive and simple modified sensor was prepared by electrodeposition of diphenylamine sulfonic acid (DPSA) to the glassy carbon electrode surface by cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. The electrooxidation of epinephrine (EP) was accomplished by CV and differential pulse voltammetry\u0000 at poly(DPSA) modified sensor. As a result of the findings, the current values were enhanced and both substances were separated at the modified sensor compared to the bare electrode. There was linearly between the oxidation current and concentration of EP from 0.2 to 100 μM in phosphate\u0000 buffer solution at pH 7.0. The limit of detection was 5.0 nM and the sensitivity was 0.4205 μA/μM. The determination of EP was successfully and satisfactorily carried out in real samples such as human blood serum and urine at the poly(DPSA) sensor. To the best knowledge\u0000 of this work, this is the first study that detect the EP in the presence of ascorbic acid at poly(DPSA) sensor in the literature.","PeriodicalId":21781,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Letters","volume":"41 1","pages":"253-258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75834181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, a rapid and sensitive modified electrode for the determination of Epinephrine (EP) is proposed. In this study, active compound EP was determined from commercial drug form based on electrochemical oxidation properties at various electrodes by voltammetric methods. Electrodes modified by the electrodeposition of conducting organic polymers such as poly(3-methylthiophene, PMT), polypyrrole (PPY) and polyaniline (PAN) were used as chemical sensors for voltammetric analysis and flow injection detection of EP. The electrochemical behavior of EP at conducting polymer electrodes was compared and the effects on behavior of electrolyte type and its pH and the film thickness were systematically examined. The results showed that the proposed modified surface catalyzes the oxidation of EP. Electrocatalytic efficiency decreases in order of PMT > PPY > PAN. Voltammetric peak positions were affected by the nature of the electrolyte and its pH. Also, the effect of increasing film thickness was to observe increased peak heights for oxidation potential of EP. The best results for the determination of EP were obtained by DPV in Na2SO4 (pH 2.0) and PMT electrodes. Polymer coated electrodes were also used in an amperometric detector for flow injection analysis of EP. The responses of the polymer electrode were 5–15 times larger as compared to those of bare platinum. PMT showed improved performance as an amperometric detector for flow injection analysis systems over other types of polymer electrodes. Detection limits as low as 1× 10–9 M were achieved using the PMT, compared to 1 × 10–6 M using platinum electrodes.
{"title":"Electrochemical Detection of Epinephrine at Organic Conducting Polymers Electrodes","authors":"G. Erdoğdu","doi":"10.1166/sl.2020.4204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4204","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a rapid and sensitive modified electrode for the determination of Epinephrine (EP) is proposed. In this study, active compound EP was determined from commercial drug form based on electrochemical oxidation properties at various electrodes by voltammetric methods. Electrodes\u0000 modified by the electrodeposition of conducting organic polymers such as poly(3-methylthiophene, PMT), polypyrrole (PPY) and polyaniline (PAN) were used as chemical sensors for voltammetric analysis and flow injection detection of EP. The electrochemical behavior of EP at conducting polymer\u0000 electrodes was compared and the effects on behavior of electrolyte type and its pH and the film thickness were systematically examined. The results showed that the proposed modified surface catalyzes the oxidation of EP. Electrocatalytic efficiency decreases in order of PMT > PPY > PAN.\u0000 Voltammetric peak positions were affected by the nature of the electrolyte and its pH. Also, the effect of increasing film thickness was to observe increased peak heights for oxidation potential of EP. The best results for the determination of EP were obtained by DPV in Na2SO4\u0000 (pH 2.0) and PMT electrodes. Polymer coated electrodes were also used in an amperometric detector for flow injection analysis of EP. The responses of the polymer electrode were 5–15 times larger as compared to those of bare platinum. PMT showed improved performance as an amperometric\u0000 detector for flow injection analysis systems over other types of polymer electrodes. Detection limits as low as 1× 10–9 M were achieved using the PMT, compared to 1 × 10–6 M using platinum electrodes.","PeriodicalId":21781,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Letters","volume":"90 1","pages":"173-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80456256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A gold electrode was modified with electropolymerized films of p-methoxyphenol by its oxidative polymerization from an alkaline solution by cyclic voltammetry. The modified electrode was then used to determine dopamine (DA) in the presence of a high concentration of ascorbic acid (AA) by differential pulse voltammetry. The peak positions as well as relative sensitivity DA/AA were affected by the potential window used for the polymerization. For polymerization between 0 and 1.0 V, the peak potentials recorded in a phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7.2) were 516 and 312 mV versus Ag/AgCl for DA and AA, respectively. In addition to the effects of pH and the type of electrolyte on the linearity range and detection limit are investigated. The detection limit for 3s-test is 0.1 nM. The high selectivity and sensitivity for DA was found to be due to charge discrimination/analyte accumulation.
{"title":"Selective Voltammetric Detection of Dopamine in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid at Poly(p-methoxyphenol)-Modified Electrode","authors":"G. Erdoğdu","doi":"10.1166/sl.2020.4206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4206","url":null,"abstract":"A gold electrode was modified with electropolymerized films of p-methoxyphenol by its oxidative polymerization from an alkaline solution by cyclic voltammetry. The modified electrode was then used to determine dopamine (DA) in the presence of a high concentration of ascorbic\u0000 acid (AA) by differential pulse voltammetry. The peak positions as well as relative sensitivity DA/AA were affected by the potential window used for the polymerization. For polymerization between 0 and 1.0 V, the peak potentials recorded in a phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7.2) were 516 and\u0000 312 mV versus Ag/AgCl for DA and AA, respectively. In addition to the effects of pH and the type of electrolyte on the linearity range and detection limit are investigated. The detection limit for 3s-test is 0.1 nM. The high selectivity and sensitivity for DA was found to be due to\u0000 charge discrimination/analyte accumulation.","PeriodicalId":21781,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Letters","volume":"36 1","pages":"222-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80813619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The SPR of the AuNPs, synthesized by the reduction of gold ion with citrate and modified with L-cysteine was used as a novel analytical method for the detection and determination of drugs and species based on aggregation of Au-nanoparticles. However, multivariate calibration modeling of the SPR absorbance data by chemometrics method resulted in more accurate results out-comes so that the relative prediction errors were almost lower than 5%. In comparison with the available analytical methods for highly selective and sensitive ternary determination of tramadol, methadone and buprenorphine the proposed method is in need of lower amounts of reagents. Through increasing the concentration of the Opiate and Fluent material, a visible color change of AuNPs from wine red to blue was observed so the obvious color change was easily noticeable by naked eyes. However, multivariate calibration modelling and 3-d way methods that used for the SPR absorbance data by PARAFAC resulted in more accurate outcomes so that the software, as well as the chemometrics and the solvent kit, with great assurance our kit is unique. PARAFAC is a multi-way method originating from psychometrics. Due to various reasons such as high computational power, awareness of the method and its possibilities, the increased complexity complication of the data dealt with in science and industry, is gaining more attention in chemometrics and associated areas.
{"title":"Tramadol, Methadone and Buprenorphine-AuNPs Kit Based on Chemometrics Tools and Software","authors":"Sakineh Alizadeh, M. Hasanzadeh, Ali Irandoost","doi":"10.1166/sl.2020.4212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4212","url":null,"abstract":"The SPR of the AuNPs, synthesized by the reduction of gold ion with citrate and modified with L-cysteine was used as a novel analytical method for the detection and determination of drugs and species based on aggregation of Au-nanoparticles. However, multivariate calibration modeling\u0000 of the SPR absorbance data by chemometrics method resulted in more accurate results out-comes so that the relative prediction errors were almost lower than 5%. In comparison with the available analytical methods for highly selective and sensitive ternary determination of tramadol, methadone\u0000 and buprenorphine the proposed method is in need of lower amounts of reagents. Through increasing the concentration of the Opiate and Fluent material, a visible color change of AuNPs from wine red to blue was observed so the obvious color change was easily noticeable by naked eyes. However,\u0000 multivariate calibration modelling and 3-d way methods that used for the SPR absorbance data by PARAFAC resulted in more accurate outcomes so that the software, as well as the chemometrics and the solvent kit, with great assurance our kit is unique. PARAFAC is a multi-way method originating\u0000 from psychometrics. Due to various reasons such as high computational power, awareness of the method and its possibilities, the increased complexity complication of the data dealt with in science and industry, is gaining more attention in chemometrics and associated areas.","PeriodicalId":21781,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Letters","volume":"565 1","pages":"227-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85727168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanocrystalline Fe3O4 powder was produced via the organic combustion route using L-arginine for the first time as fuel. The prepared yields is considered through several investigates, such as, DRS, PL, XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS, and VSM. The current study existence limited only toward the antimicrobial activity that the limit Fe3O4. The influences for catalytic performances were explained in factor, while the samples characterization was presented.
{"title":"An Innovative Synthesis of Spinel-Structured and Ferromagnetic Behaviour of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Antibacterial and Catalytic Activity Evaluated in the Selective Oxidation","authors":"S. Ambika, K. Saravanan","doi":"10.1166/sl.2020.4214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4214","url":null,"abstract":"Nanocrystalline Fe3O4 powder was produced via the organic combustion route using L-arginine for the first time as fuel. The prepared yields is considered through several investigates, such as, DRS, PL, XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS, and VSM. The current study existence limited\u0000 only toward the antimicrobial activity that the limit Fe3O4. The influences for catalytic performances were explained in factor, while the samples characterization was presented.","PeriodicalId":21781,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Letters","volume":"56 1","pages":"236-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85641848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present work, we have developed a sensitive platform for the selective determination of Hg(II) ions based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) electrode modified with poly cysteine (Poly-Cys). The Poly-Cys/rGO modified electrode was characterised by SEM, ATR-IR and its electrochemical behaviour was investigated through cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry. The synergistic effect of rGO and poly-cysteine favoured the complexation of Hg(II) ions onto the surface of the modified electrode. The ions were then anodically stripped and the corresponding voltammograms recorded. The process of complexation followed by stripping was repeated with increasing concentrations of the metal ion. The linear range for the electrochemical determination of Hg(II) using the modified electrode was found to be from 0.05 to 2.7 μM with a detection limit of 0.006 μM. In addition, the electrode also exhibited good stability with negligible sensitivity towards interfering metal ions. The analytical applicability of the modified electrode was investigated by carrying out mercury determination in water samples obtained from various sources.
{"title":"Hg(II) Analysis Using Poly(cysteine)-rGO Electrode","authors":"J. J. Feminus, P. Deepa","doi":"10.1166/sl.2020.4202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4202","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, we have developed a sensitive platform for the selective determination of Hg(II) ions based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) electrode modified with poly cysteine (Poly-Cys). The Poly-Cys/rGO modified electrode was characterised by SEM, ATR-IR and its electrochemical\u0000 behaviour was investigated through cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry. The synergistic effect of rGO and poly-cysteine favoured the complexation of Hg(II) ions onto the surface of the modified electrode. The ions were then anodically stripped and the corresponding voltammograms\u0000 recorded. The process of complexation followed by stripping was repeated with increasing concentrations of the metal ion. The linear range for the electrochemical determination of Hg(II) using the modified electrode was found to be from 0.05 to 2.7 μM with a detection limit of 0.006\u0000 μM. In addition, the electrode also exhibited good stability with negligible sensitivity towards interfering metal ions. The analytical applicability of the modified electrode was investigated by carrying out mercury determination in water samples obtained from various sources.","PeriodicalId":21781,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Letters","volume":"38 1","pages":"179-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88430225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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