The objective of this paper is to design the powertrain system of an off-road racing vehicle, in accordance with the performance targets. Powertrain of a vehicle describes the flow of power from its generation on the throttle to the driving of the wheels. This includes the engine, transmission, drive-shafts, differentials, and the final drive. Over the entire process software such as SolidWorks, Ansys and MATLAB have been extensively used, to conduct simulation studies ranging from Static Structural, Thermal, Modal Analysis etc. The initial process in the study was the selection of components in the vehicle, based on which calculations were done to compute the exact specifications of the components to be designed. To ensure accuracy, and simplicity for calculation of parameters in subsequent iterations, a MATLAB model was created. Relevant simulations of all the components were conducted on Ansys to reduce chances of failure and to achieve the desired results. A virtual Powertrain model on MATLAB with input parameters from the Suspension and Braking subsystems was also setup to obtain real time characteristic values of the vehicle, in the form of graphs, which can later be analyzed to improve the vehicle performance.
{"title":"Design of powertrain of an off-road racing vehicle","authors":"Chaitanya Peshin, S. Praharaj","doi":"10.1063/5.0058675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0058675","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to design the powertrain system of an off-road racing vehicle, in accordance with the performance targets. Powertrain of a vehicle describes the flow of power from its generation on the throttle to the driving of the wheels. This includes the engine, transmission, drive-shafts, differentials, and the final drive. Over the entire process software such as SolidWorks, Ansys and MATLAB have been extensively used, to conduct simulation studies ranging from Static Structural, Thermal, Modal Analysis etc. The initial process in the study was the selection of components in the vehicle, based on which calculations were done to compute the exact specifications of the components to be designed. To ensure accuracy, and simplicity for calculation of parameters in subsequent iterations, a MATLAB model was created. Relevant simulations of all the components were conducted on Ansys to reduce chances of failure and to achieve the desired results. A virtual Powertrain model on MATLAB with input parameters from the Suspension and Braking subsystems was also setup to obtain real time characteristic values of the vehicle, in the form of graphs, which can later be analyzed to improve the vehicle performance.","PeriodicalId":21797,"journal":{"name":"SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEGATIVE IONS, BEAMS AND SOURCES (NIBS 2020)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89267878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Tyagi, R. Yadav, K. Pandya, H. Mistri, K. Patel, M. Bandyopadhyay, A. Gahlaut, M. Bhuyan, M.J. Singh, A. Chakraborty
ROBIN is a single RF driver based negative ion test bed currently in operation at IPR, Gandhinagar, India. To understand and have deeper insights of physical phenomena, several diagnostics have been interfaced with ROBIN system. To quantify the negative ion density, laser photo detachment (LPD) diagnostic is configured. LPD at ROBIN is based on single high power Nd:YAG laser which has a pulse width of 3 ns and repetition rate of 20 Hz. Successful integration of LPD needs control on laser energy, precise triggering and detection of weak signals. Precise triggering has two aspects. One is to control laser energy via a delay between the flash lamp and Q-switch pulses; the second is to trigger it in phase with the 1 MHz RF signal. This required a triggering system which can work with an accuracy of few nanoseconds. A triggering and synchronization system (TSS) based on a custom field programmable gate array(FPGA) is designed and integrated in order to assure reliable and synchronized operation of the laser. Precise delay between laser pulses is necessary to obtain appropriate laser energy and to prevent the active Nd:YAG rod medium from thermal damage. In order to synchronize the laser operation with 1 MHz RF, Rogowskii coil based peak detection is used and interfaced with TSS. The LPD setup is HV referenced; hence the interfaces were designed with optical isolation. Another challenge is to detect weak signals from the LPD probe. For this, a custom low-noise pre-amplifier circuit is designed to measure signal in the range of 1-2 mA in the presence of large RF noise. The engineering solution designed for LPD interface contains mix of analog and digital systems. The TSS is based on a low cost FPGA platform, with custom analog-based interfaces. The unit has been integrated without using any specific commercial system for the desired goal. The data from diagnostic is being currently analysed. This paper presents the details regarding the design of interfacing electronics of the LPD, along with some test results. In addition, the FPGA firmware, the control software and signal acquisition process are presented.
{"title":"Design of FPGA-based triggering and synchronization system for laser photo detachment diagnostic in ROBIN","authors":"H. Tyagi, R. Yadav, K. Pandya, H. Mistri, K. Patel, M. Bandyopadhyay, A. Gahlaut, M. Bhuyan, M.J. Singh, A. Chakraborty","doi":"10.1063/5.0057711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0057711","url":null,"abstract":"ROBIN is a single RF driver based negative ion test bed currently in operation at IPR, Gandhinagar, India. To understand and have deeper insights of physical phenomena, several diagnostics have been interfaced with ROBIN system. To quantify the negative ion density, laser photo detachment (LPD) diagnostic is configured. LPD at ROBIN is based on single high power Nd:YAG laser which has a pulse width of 3 ns and repetition rate of 20 Hz. Successful integration of LPD needs control on laser energy, precise triggering and detection of weak signals. Precise triggering has two aspects. One is to control laser energy via a delay between the flash lamp and Q-switch pulses; the second is to trigger it in phase with the 1 MHz RF signal. This required a triggering system which can work with an accuracy of few nanoseconds. A triggering and synchronization system (TSS) based on a custom field programmable gate array(FPGA) is designed and integrated in order to assure reliable and synchronized operation of the laser. Precise delay between laser pulses is necessary to obtain appropriate laser energy and to prevent the active Nd:YAG rod medium from thermal damage. In order to synchronize the laser operation with 1 MHz RF, Rogowskii coil based peak detection is used and interfaced with TSS. The LPD setup is HV referenced; hence the interfaces were designed with optical isolation. Another challenge is to detect weak signals from the LPD probe. For this, a custom low-noise pre-amplifier circuit is designed to measure signal in the range of 1-2 mA in the presence of large RF noise. The engineering solution designed for LPD interface contains mix of analog and digital systems. The TSS is based on a low cost FPGA platform, with custom analog-based interfaces. The unit has been integrated without using any specific commercial system for the desired goal. The data from diagnostic is being currently analysed. This paper presents the details regarding the design of interfacing electronics of the LPD, along with some test results. In addition, the FPGA firmware, the control software and signal acquisition process are presented.","PeriodicalId":21797,"journal":{"name":"SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEGATIVE IONS, BEAMS AND SOURCES (NIBS 2020)","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77024476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"List of NIBS 2020 Registered Participants: Seventh International Symposium on Negative Ions, Beams and Sources","authors":"BelchenkoYuri, FairclothDan, LawrieScott, TarvainenOlli, WadaMotoi","doi":"10.1063/12.0005455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/12.0005455","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21797,"journal":{"name":"SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEGATIVE IONS, BEAMS AND SOURCES (NIBS 2020)","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75970842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Gamba, D. Aguglia, B. Lefort, Christophe Machado, F. Wenander, R. Gebel
The Extremely Low ENergy Antiproton (ELENA) is a compact ring that was recently installed to complement the antimatter factory at CERN. A local H−/p source is connected to ELENA for commissioning purposes of the ring and subsequent electrostatic transfer lines toward experiments, allowing to progress with the commissioning phase also in the absence of antiprotons. The ELENA source can produce pulses of H−, with a length of a few µs and an intensity of approximately 50 µA at 100 keV, to mimic the antiproton pulse at extraction energy. In addition, the source can deliver proton pulses, if need be. After a few years of operation, several observations have been collected that will be presented in this work. Of particular interest is the observation of a fast (about 1 MHz) intra-pulse instability for H−, which resulted in poor intensity stability of the H− beam injected into ELENA. Possible ways of stabilising the beam pulse have been found and will be presented. The 100 kV High Voltage (HV) insulation transformer turned out to be the most critical component of the source hardware. The original transformer suffered from insulation degradation over time and several iterations were necessary to build a reliable solution, for which details will also be presented.
{"title":"Operational experience with the ELENA ion source","authors":"D. Gamba, D. Aguglia, B. Lefort, Christophe Machado, F. Wenander, R. Gebel","doi":"10.1063/5.0057535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0057535","url":null,"abstract":"The Extremely Low ENergy Antiproton (ELENA) is a compact ring that was recently installed to complement the antimatter factory at CERN. A local H−/p source is connected to ELENA for commissioning purposes of the ring and subsequent electrostatic transfer lines toward experiments, allowing to progress with the commissioning phase also in the absence of antiprotons. The ELENA source can produce pulses of H−, with a length of a few µs and an intensity of approximately 50 µA at 100 keV, to mimic the antiproton pulse at extraction energy. In addition, the source can deliver proton pulses, if need be. After a few years of operation, several observations have been collected that will be presented in this work. Of particular interest is the observation of a fast (about 1 MHz) intra-pulse instability for H−, which resulted in poor intensity stability of the H− beam injected into ELENA. Possible ways of stabilising the beam pulse have been found and will be presented. The 100 kV High Voltage (HV) insulation transformer turned out to be the most critical component of the source hardware. The original transformer suffered from insulation degradation over time and several iterations were necessary to build a reliable solution, for which details will also be presented.","PeriodicalId":21797,"journal":{"name":"SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEGATIVE IONS, BEAMS AND SOURCES (NIBS 2020)","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84785435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BTR code (Beam Transmission with Re-ionization) has been used for many years in the design and performance optimization of Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) systems based on negative or positive ion sources. BTR beam formation and transmission along the beam line is simulated by a simple and comprehensive 6D beam model, which accounts for beam losses and power deposition on the injector surfaces. Beam particles are followed in a deterministic manner in electromagnetic fields, with transforming on gas and plasma targets, including the neutralization and ionization in gas or plasma. Power flux and power deposition profiles are the main BTR output which can be calculated in any plane along the injector. For older BTR versions, each single Run (or beam start) supposed a direct data input through user interface tools. Besides, older BTR was not flexible enough to work with different Tasks (tracking options) within each Run. In order to obtain and process the results from multiple BTR Runs, a User had to spend lots of time and efforts. BTR recent upgrades, which come with the new version BTR-5, make possible to run multi-parametric scans of different Scenarios of NBI operation - with small manual efforts and with higher results control, given a predefined list of Scenarios input. NBI geometry has become more flexible, allowing the combination of the Standard NBI approach and Free-Surfaces input, which can be taken from CAD design. New, Multi-Run approach implemented in BTR-5 offers to set the parameters for each BTR Task within a Scenario. This allows to have optimum statistics for detailed maps resolution, and to reduce the overall time for runs and results processing. BTR-5 has been used in the design studies of the Duct Liner Module (DLM) for ITER HNB. The DLM model was created by CAD and imported to BTR-5 in text format, combined with standard NBI components Configuration. The results of the power loads throughout different operation scenarios are shown. The conclusions are made on the DLM worst case scenario, and on the maximum power load for each DL surface.
{"title":"BTR code recent modifications for multi-run operation","authors":"E. Dlougach, P. Veltri","doi":"10.1063/5.0057502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0057502","url":null,"abstract":"BTR code (Beam Transmission with Re-ionization) has been used for many years in the design and performance optimization of Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) systems based on negative or positive ion sources. BTR beam formation and transmission along the beam line is simulated by a simple and comprehensive 6D beam model, which accounts for beam losses and power deposition on the injector surfaces. Beam particles are followed in a deterministic manner in electromagnetic fields, with transforming on gas and plasma targets, including the neutralization and ionization in gas or plasma. Power flux and power deposition profiles are the main BTR output which can be calculated in any plane along the injector. For older BTR versions, each single Run (or beam start) supposed a direct data input through user interface tools. Besides, older BTR was not flexible enough to work with different Tasks (tracking options) within each Run. In order to obtain and process the results from multiple BTR Runs, a User had to spend lots of time and efforts. BTR recent upgrades, which come with the new version BTR-5, make possible to run multi-parametric scans of different Scenarios of NBI operation - with small manual efforts and with higher results control, given a predefined list of Scenarios input. NBI geometry has become more flexible, allowing the combination of the Standard NBI approach and Free-Surfaces input, which can be taken from CAD design. New, Multi-Run approach implemented in BTR-5 offers to set the parameters for each BTR Task within a Scenario. This allows to have optimum statistics for detailed maps resolution, and to reduce the overall time for runs and results processing. BTR-5 has been used in the design studies of the Duct Liner Module (DLM) for ITER HNB. The DLM model was created by CAD and imported to BTR-5 in text format, combined with standard NBI components Configuration. The results of the power loads throughout different operation scenarios are shown. The conclusions are made on the DLM worst case scenario, and on the maximum power load for each DL surface.","PeriodicalId":21797,"journal":{"name":"SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEGATIVE IONS, BEAMS AND SOURCES (NIBS 2020)","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82521647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Sarmento, D. Wünderlich, U. Fantz, R. Friedl, D. Rauner, K. Tsumori, L. Shenjin, W. Chen, D. Bollinger, O. Hidetomo, K. Shinto, I. Draganíc, R. Welton
In preparation for NIBS 2020 various labs prepared reference sheets containing key information about their ion sources and the machines that they serve. The contents of the reference sheets have been formatted and edited into this paper for posterity and ease of access.
{"title":"NIBS 2020 reference sheets","authors":"T. Sarmento, D. Wünderlich, U. Fantz, R. Friedl, D. Rauner, K. Tsumori, L. Shenjin, W. Chen, D. Bollinger, O. Hidetomo, K. Shinto, I. Draganíc, R. Welton","doi":"10.1063/5.0057732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0057732","url":null,"abstract":"In preparation for NIBS 2020 various labs prepared reference sheets containing key information about their ion sources and the machines that they serve. The contents of the reference sheets have been formatted and edited into this paper for posterity and ease of access.","PeriodicalId":21797,"journal":{"name":"SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEGATIVE IONS, BEAMS AND SOURCES (NIBS 2020)","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89474279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Global models of plasma discharges are a standard tool in plasma fluid simulations incorporating complicated chemistry. These models use global balances of energy and conservation of species number in order to estimate volume averaged number densities and temperatures of plasma components. Simple semi-analytic estimates of species density profiles valid in a wide range of parameters are used in order to include wall fluxes. Due to the nature of the wall fluxes estimation, the global models are limited to single chamber designs for which analytic solutions were obtained. In this paper we present the development of interface bound-ary conditions that allow the use of conventional global models for separate chambers. For this reason we present an approximate solution of an ambipolar diffusion problem in a two-chamber geometry. Additional source terms corresponding to interface bound-ary conditions provide closure for simulations of multi-chamber ion sources. We intend to use the derived boundary conditions in an extension of the Global Enhanced Vibrational Kinetic Model (GEVKM) [1] with updated hydrogen plasma chemistry [2] to model multi-chamber negative hydrogen sources. We analyze the derived relations and discuss its applicability for the negative hydrogen ion source developed at IPP Garching.
{"title":"Interface boundary conditions for global models of multi-chamber negative hydrogen ion sources","authors":"S. Averkin, S. Veitzer","doi":"10.1063/5.0057416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0057416","url":null,"abstract":"Global models of plasma discharges are a standard tool in plasma fluid simulations incorporating complicated chemistry. These models use global balances of energy and conservation of species number in order to estimate volume averaged number densities and temperatures of plasma components. Simple semi-analytic estimates of species density profiles valid in a wide range of parameters are used in order to include wall fluxes. Due to the nature of the wall fluxes estimation, the global models are limited to single chamber designs for which analytic solutions were obtained. In this paper we present the development of interface bound-ary conditions that allow the use of conventional global models for separate chambers. For this reason we present an approximate solution of an ambipolar diffusion problem in a two-chamber geometry. Additional source terms corresponding to interface bound-ary conditions provide closure for simulations of multi-chamber ion sources. We intend to use the derived boundary conditions in an extension of the Global Enhanced Vibrational Kinetic Model (GEVKM) [1] with updated hydrogen plasma chemistry [2] to model multi-chamber negative hydrogen sources. We analyze the derived relations and discuss its applicability for the negative hydrogen ion source developed at IPP Garching.","PeriodicalId":21797,"journal":{"name":"SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEGATIVE IONS, BEAMS AND SOURCES (NIBS 2020)","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86482208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Shibata, K. Shinto, M. Wada, H. Oguri, K. Ikegami, K. Ohkoshi, K. Nanmo
Oscillation of emittance and Twiss parameters in the negative ion (H−) beam from the J-PARC 2MHz RF ion source is measured by application of a double-slit emittance monitor located at the RFQ entrance. The emittance monitor is equipped with a newly-developed 60 MS/s data acquisition system, so that beam current oscillations at a few MHz can be observed with enough time resolution. From the measurement, it is shown that the beam phase space consists of: (1) a Direct Current component in the beam core; (2) a 2 MHz oscillating component which takes place in the diverging halo; (3) a doubled RF frequency (4 MHz) oscillation which faintly exists in the beam halo. The major component is the 2 MHz component, which resultantly decides the beam emittance oscillation frequency. A typical value of the beam emittance in the present experiment is 0.33 π mm-mrad, while the amplitude of the 2 MHz oscillation is around 0.04 π mm-mrad. The results indicate that the high-frequency oscillation component occupying about ten-percent of the beam from the RF source travels a few meters passing through a magnetic lens focusing system.
{"title":"High-speed emittance measurements for beams extracted from J-PARC RF ion source","authors":"T. Shibata, K. Shinto, M. Wada, H. Oguri, K. Ikegami, K. Ohkoshi, K. Nanmo","doi":"10.1063/5.0057418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0057418","url":null,"abstract":"Oscillation of emittance and Twiss parameters in the negative ion (H−) beam from the J-PARC 2MHz RF ion source is measured by application of a double-slit emittance monitor located at the RFQ entrance. The emittance monitor is equipped with a newly-developed 60 MS/s data acquisition system, so that beam current oscillations at a few MHz can be observed with enough time resolution. From the measurement, it is shown that the beam phase space consists of: (1) a Direct Current component in the beam core; (2) a 2 MHz oscillating component which takes place in the diverging halo; (3) a doubled RF frequency (4 MHz) oscillation which faintly exists in the beam halo. The major component is the 2 MHz component, which resultantly decides the beam emittance oscillation frequency. A typical value of the beam emittance in the present experiment is 0.33 π mm-mrad, while the amplitude of the 2 MHz oscillation is around 0.04 π mm-mrad. The results indicate that the high-frequency oscillation component occupying about ten-percent of the beam from the RF source travels a few meters passing through a magnetic lens focusing system.","PeriodicalId":21797,"journal":{"name":"SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEGATIVE IONS, BEAMS AND SOURCES (NIBS 2020)","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81117053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The engine crankshaft plays a major role in the internal combustion engines. The combustion pressure is transmitted on to the crankshaft through connecting rod. The inertia forces buckle the connecting rod during transmission of motion. The crankshaft is mounted with a flywheel and the torque is transmitted to the wheels through the gear box. During combustion process huge amount of gas load acts on the piston which is transmitted to the crankshaft. This load is a variable load, due to which fatigue stresses are induced on the shaft. Variations in the strength of the shaft may lead to failure of the engine. Fatigue analysis has been carried on the multi cylinder engine crankshaft by considering two different materials.
{"title":"Fatigue analysis of four cylinder engine crank shaft","authors":"C. Kumar, S. Bhaskar, N. Rajneesh","doi":"10.1063/5.0058052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0058052","url":null,"abstract":"The engine crankshaft plays a major role in the internal combustion engines. The combustion pressure is transmitted on to the crankshaft through connecting rod. The inertia forces buckle the connecting rod during transmission of motion. The crankshaft is mounted with a flywheel and the torque is transmitted to the wheels through the gear box. During combustion process huge amount of gas load acts on the piston which is transmitted to the crankshaft. This load is a variable load, due to which fatigue stresses are induced on the shaft. Variations in the strength of the shaft may lead to failure of the engine. Fatigue analysis has been carried on the multi cylinder engine crankshaft by considering two different materials.","PeriodicalId":21797,"journal":{"name":"SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEGATIVE IONS, BEAMS AND SOURCES (NIBS 2020)","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86119851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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