Mokarram Hossain, R. Jahangir, S. Hasan, R. Akter, Taksim Ahmed, I. Islam, Abdullah Faruque
Michelia champaca (Magnoliaceae) is a large medicinal plant which is traditionally used against a number of diseases including inflammatory conditions. In the present study crude methanol extract of M. champaca leaf was investigated for possible antioxidant, analgesic and cytotoxic activity. The extract showed remarkable antioxidant activity in DPPH radical scavenging activity, nitric oxide scavenging activity and total antioxidant capacity assays. In both DPPH radical and NO scavenging assay, the extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity and the IC 50 values in DPPH radical scavenging and NO scavenging assays were found to be 30.07 μg/ml and 15.42 μg/ml, respectively while the IC 50 values of ascorbic acid were 12.5 μg/ml and 4.07 μg/ml, respectively. Total antioxidant activity of the extract increased in a dose dependent manner. Analgesic activity of the crude extract was evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing model of pain in mice. The crude extract at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg b.w doses displayed significant (p < 0.001) reduction in acetic acid induced writhing in mice with a maximum effect of 68.7% reduction at 400 mg/kg b.w. which is comparable to the standard, diclofenac sodium (78.2%). The extract was also investigated for cytotoxic potential using Brine Shrimp lethality bioassay. In this bioassay the extract showed significant toxicity to Brine Shrimp nauplii with the LC50 value of 11.22 μg/ml. Results of the present study suggest that M. champaca leaf extract possesses strong antioxidant, analgesic and cytotoxic activity. Key words: Michelia champaca ; Magnoliaceae; Antioxidant; Analgesic; Cytotoxicity. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v2i2.5818 Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2(2) 2009: 1-7
{"title":"Antioxidant, analgesic and cytotoxic activity of Michelia champaca Linn. Leaf","authors":"Mokarram Hossain, R. Jahangir, S. Hasan, R. Akter, Taksim Ahmed, I. Islam, Abdullah Faruque","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V2I2.5818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V2I2.5818","url":null,"abstract":"Michelia champaca (Magnoliaceae) is a large medicinal plant which is traditionally used against a number of diseases including inflammatory conditions. In the present study crude methanol extract of M. champaca leaf was investigated for possible antioxidant, analgesic and cytotoxic activity. The extract showed remarkable antioxidant activity in DPPH radical scavenging activity, nitric oxide scavenging activity and total antioxidant capacity assays. In both DPPH radical and NO scavenging assay, the extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity and the IC 50 values in DPPH radical scavenging and NO scavenging assays were found to be 30.07 μg/ml and 15.42 μg/ml, respectively while the IC 50 values of ascorbic acid were 12.5 μg/ml and 4.07 μg/ml, respectively. Total antioxidant activity of the extract increased in a dose dependent manner. Analgesic activity of the crude extract was evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing model of pain in mice. The crude extract at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg b.w doses displayed significant (p < 0.001) reduction in acetic acid induced writhing in mice with a maximum effect of 68.7% reduction at 400 mg/kg b.w. which is comparable to the standard, diclofenac sodium (78.2%). The extract was also investigated for cytotoxic potential using Brine Shrimp lethality bioassay. In this bioassay the extract showed significant toxicity to Brine Shrimp nauplii with the LC50 value of 11.22 μg/ml. Results of the present study suggest that M. champaca leaf extract possesses strong antioxidant, analgesic and cytotoxic activity. Key words: Michelia champaca ; Magnoliaceae; Antioxidant; Analgesic; Cytotoxicity. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v2i2.5818 Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2(2) 2009: 1-7","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"15 2 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84374326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Choudhary, M. Singh, U. Pillai, N. S. Shekhawat
Acacia jacquemontii was assessed for active principles to ascertain the rationale for its use in traditional medicine. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the stem bark extracts showed that it possessed the active principles - alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, terpenoids and tannins. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was assayed against pathogenic strains of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilus , Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus aureus , S. pyrogenes , and Candida albcans using the agar diffusion method. The plant extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against all the test microorganisms. B. cereus and B. pumilus were the most susceptible to the plant extract while Candida albicans was the most resistant. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the stem bark extract of the plant ranged between 30 and 50 mg/ml while the minimum bactericidal concentration ranged between 35 and 60 mg/ml. A. jacquemontii could be a potential source of antimicrobial agents. Key words: Antibacterial; Antifungal; Baonli; Medicinal plants. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v2i2.2384 Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2(2) 2009: 21-26
{"title":"Antibacterial Screening and Phytochemical investigation of bark extracts of Acacia jacquemontii Benth.","authors":"K. Choudhary, M. Singh, U. Pillai, N. S. Shekhawat","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V2I2.2384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V2I2.2384","url":null,"abstract":"Acacia jacquemontii was assessed for active principles to ascertain the rationale for its use in traditional medicine. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the stem bark extracts showed that it possessed the active principles - alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, terpenoids and tannins. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was assayed against pathogenic strains of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilus , Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus aureus , S. pyrogenes , and Candida albcans using the agar diffusion method. The plant extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against all the test microorganisms. B. cereus and B. pumilus were the most susceptible to the plant extract while Candida albicans was the most resistant. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the stem bark extract of the plant ranged between 30 and 50 mg/ml while the minimum bactericidal concentration ranged between 35 and 60 mg/ml. A. jacquemontii could be a potential source of antimicrobial agents. Key words: Antibacterial; Antifungal; Baonli; Medicinal plants. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v2i2.2384 Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2(2) 2009: 21-26","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"21-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90899609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tajnin Ahmed, Muhammad Shahidul Islam, T. Haque, Mohammad Abusyed
In the present study sustained release diclofenac sodium matrix tablets were prepared using Kollidon SR polymer. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC 15 cps) and poly ethylene glycol (PEG-600) polymers respectively were used in formulating tablets prepared by direct compression and wet granulation methods. The polymers were used to explore the release pattern of the drug into the dissolution media. The tablets were also prepared in various shapes (caplet oval, round oval and flat oval). A comparatively higher release rate of drug was obtained from the polymer HPMC 15 cps at 10% concentration for directly compressed matrix tablet than those containing 20% of HPMC after a definite period of time. In wet granulation process, 10% PEG-600 containing tablets showed a better release than those containing 20% PEG. The drug release was also found to be sustained in case of wet granulation method than that of the direct compression method. Again the caplet shaped tablets in case of direct compression method showed better release rate of drug than those of the round oval and flat oval shaped tablets. Thus the result of this study shows that the proper selection of the percentage of polymer and the suitable shape of tablet and proper manufacturing method can provide a greater opportunity in designing sustained release dosage forms. Key words: Matrix tablet; release pattern; direct compression; wet granulation; PEG 600; Kollidon SR. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v2i2.5828 Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2(2) 2009: 76-80
{"title":"The Effect of Manufacturing Methods and Different Shapes on the Release Pattern of Diclofenac Sodium Matrix Tablet","authors":"Tajnin Ahmed, Muhammad Shahidul Islam, T. Haque, Mohammad Abusyed","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V2I2.5828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V2I2.5828","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study sustained release diclofenac sodium matrix tablets were prepared using Kollidon SR polymer. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC 15 cps) and poly ethylene glycol (PEG-600) polymers respectively were used in formulating tablets prepared by direct compression and wet granulation methods. The polymers were used to explore the release pattern of the drug into the dissolution media. The tablets were also prepared in various shapes (caplet oval, round oval and flat oval). A comparatively higher release rate of drug was obtained from the polymer HPMC 15 cps at 10% concentration for directly compressed matrix tablet than those containing 20% of HPMC after a definite period of time. In wet granulation process, 10% PEG-600 containing tablets showed a better release than those containing 20% PEG. The drug release was also found to be sustained in case of wet granulation method than that of the direct compression method. Again the caplet shaped tablets in case of direct compression method showed better release rate of drug than those of the round oval and flat oval shaped tablets. Thus the result of this study shows that the proper selection of the percentage of polymer and the suitable shape of tablet and proper manufacturing method can provide a greater opportunity in designing sustained release dosage forms. Key words: Matrix tablet; release pattern; direct compression; wet granulation; PEG 600; Kollidon SR. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v2i2.5828 Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2(2) 2009: 76-80","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"67 1","pages":"76-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75942911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antidiabetic action of ethanolic extracts of seed and rind of Punica granatum L. was evaluated on alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. Both the extracts, each at a dose of 200mg/kg/d, were administered orally for two weeks to alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Blood glucose was estimated every week for two consecutive weeks. For evaluation of probable mechanism of action of the extracts, glycogen estimation was carried out in liver, heart and skeletal muscle and effect on adrenaline-induced hyperglycemia was observed. Both the extracts significantly (p<0.05) reduced the rise in blood glucose induced by alloxan, with the rind extract exhibiting significantly (p<0.05) better activity than seed extract. Both the extracts also produced significant (p<0.05) increase in liver glycogen and significantly (p<0.05) reduced adrenaline-induced hyperglycemia. These results support strong antidiabetic action in favor of P. granatum seed and rind extracts Key words: Punica granatum L.; Ethanolic extracts; Antidiabetic; Alloxan. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v2i1.5810 Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2(1) 2009: 14-21
{"title":"Antidiabetic Action of Ethanolic Extracts of Punica granatum Linn. in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Albino Rats","authors":"S. Das, Gayatri Sama","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V2I1.5810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V2I1.5810","url":null,"abstract":"Antidiabetic action of ethanolic extracts of seed and rind of Punica granatum L. was evaluated on alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. Both the extracts, each at a dose of 200mg/kg/d, were administered orally for two weeks to alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Blood glucose was estimated every week for two consecutive weeks. For evaluation of probable mechanism of action of the extracts, glycogen estimation was carried out in liver, heart and skeletal muscle and effect on adrenaline-induced hyperglycemia was observed. Both the extracts significantly (p<0.05) reduced the rise in blood glucose induced by alloxan, with the rind extract exhibiting significantly (p<0.05) better activity than seed extract. Both the extracts also produced significant (p<0.05) increase in liver glycogen and significantly (p<0.05) reduced adrenaline-induced hyperglycemia. These results support strong antidiabetic action in favor of P. granatum seed and rind extracts Key words: Punica granatum L.; Ethanolic extracts; Antidiabetic; Alloxan. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v2i1.5810 Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2(1) 2009: 14-21","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"63 2","pages":"14-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72592814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farjana Rahman, S. Chowdhury, Majibur Rahman, D. Ahmed, A. Hossain
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common and occasional recurrent bacterial illness with an increasing resistance to antimicrobials. Antibiotic resistance in UTI is a growing public health problem in the world including Bangladesh. The study objective was to examine the present incidence of UTIs in Bangladesh in a point period of time from January to December 2007. A retrospective data analysis of culture results of urinary pathogens was performed. The data was collected from the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory of International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B). The data included culture results of 9,854 urine samples and only Gram-negative isolates irrespective of age groups were analyzed. The prevalence of UTI was observed in 24.14%. It was observed that out of 2,379 uropathogens Escherichia coli (66.92%) was the most prevalent isolate followed by Klebsiella spp. (13.45%), Proteus spp. (6.77%) and Pseudomonas spp. (6.77%). The percentage of resistance to different antibiotics was higher in E. coli , Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. isolates compared to that of others. Among the total number of isolates the resistant rate of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. to ampicillin was 86.09% and 83.33% and to cotrimoxazole was 67.61% and 59.81%, their resistance rate to nalidixic acid was 83.28% and 61.54%. All other isolates also showed above 80% resistance to ampicillin and above 50% to cotrimoxazole whereas imipenem was found to be the most effective against the uropathogens followed by amikacin. Key Words: Urinary tract infection; Antimicrobial resistance; Uropathogens; Bacteriuria; Gram-negative bacteria DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v2i1.5815 Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2(1) 2009: 44-50
{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Gram- negative Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infection.","authors":"Farjana Rahman, S. Chowdhury, Majibur Rahman, D. Ahmed, A. Hossain","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V2I1.5815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V2I1.5815","url":null,"abstract":"Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common and occasional recurrent bacterial illness with an increasing resistance to antimicrobials. Antibiotic resistance in UTI is a growing public health problem in the world including Bangladesh. The study objective was to examine the present incidence of UTIs in Bangladesh in a point period of time from January to December 2007. A retrospective data analysis of culture results of urinary pathogens was performed. The data was collected from the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory of International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B). The data included culture results of 9,854 urine samples and only Gram-negative isolates irrespective of age groups were analyzed. The prevalence of UTI was observed in 24.14%. It was observed that out of 2,379 uropathogens Escherichia coli (66.92%) was the most prevalent isolate followed by Klebsiella spp. (13.45%), Proteus spp. (6.77%) and Pseudomonas spp. (6.77%). The percentage of resistance to different antibiotics was higher in E. coli , Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. isolates compared to that of others. Among the total number of isolates the resistant rate of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. to ampicillin was 86.09% and 83.33% and to cotrimoxazole was 67.61% and 59.81%, their resistance rate to nalidixic acid was 83.28% and 61.54%. All other isolates also showed above 80% resistance to ampicillin and above 50% to cotrimoxazole whereas imipenem was found to be the most effective against the uropathogens followed by amikacin. Key Words: Urinary tract infection; Antimicrobial resistance; Uropathogens; Bacteriuria; Gram-negative bacteria DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v2i1.5815 Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2(1) 2009: 44-50","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"44-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89764231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity of methanol crude extract and column fractions of the extract of the leaves of P. plebejum were examined by brine shrimp lethality bioassay and disc diffusion method respectively. The extracts showed significant cytotoxic as well as antimicrobial activities. Silica gel column chromatography of methanol extract of P. plebejum afforded a steroid. The structure was elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis, including 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR and also by comparing with data in the literature. Key words: Polygonum plebejum ; Polygonaceae ; Stigmasterol; Cytotoxicity. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v2i2.5826 Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2(2) 2009: 66-71
{"title":"Chemical and Biological Investigation of Leaves of Polygonum plebejum","authors":"K. Hasan, A. Kabir, Sabyasachy Mistry","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V2I2.5826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V2I2.5826","url":null,"abstract":"The cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity of methanol crude extract and column fractions of the extract of the leaves of P. plebejum were examined by brine shrimp lethality bioassay and disc diffusion method respectively. The extracts showed significant cytotoxic as well as antimicrobial activities. Silica gel column chromatography of methanol extract of P. plebejum afforded a steroid. The structure was elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis, including 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR and also by comparing with data in the literature. Key words: Polygonum plebejum ; Polygonaceae ; Stigmasterol; Cytotoxicity. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v2i2.5826 Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2(2) 2009: 66-71","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"66-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75649704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Akter, S. Hasan, Samira Siddiqua, M. M. Majumder, Mokarram Hossain, A. Alam, S. Haque, Abdul Ghani
In the present study, the antioxidant and analgesic potential of the 80% methanol extract of the leaves of Curcuma alismatifolia Gangnep was evaluated. The extract was investigated for its antioxidant activity using lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity and reducing power assays. The extract showed significant antioxidant activities in lipid peroxidation assay compared to the standard antioxidant in a dose dependent manner. In lipid peroxidation assay, the IC50 value was found to be 122.43�g/mL while the IC50 value for the reference ascorbic acid was 147.87�g/ml. Moreover, Curcuma alismatifolia extract showed strong total antioxidant capacity and good reducing power. The analgesic activity was evaluated for its central and peripheral pharmacological actions using tail immersion method and acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice respectively. The extract, at the dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg, produced a significant (p < 0.05-0.001) increase in pain threshold in tail immersion methods in a dose dependent manner. In acetic acid-induced writhing test the extract, at a dose of 500 mg/kg, showed a maximum of 60.5% inhibition (p <0.001) of writhing reaction compared to the reference drug diclofenac-sodium (75.0%). All experimental results suggest the use of this plant for the treatment of pain and inflammatory disorder.
{"title":"Evaluation of Analgesic and Antioxidant Potential of the Leaves of Curcuma alismatifolia Gagnep.","authors":"R. Akter, S. Hasan, Samira Siddiqua, M. M. Majumder, Mokarram Hossain, A. Alam, S. Haque, Abdul Ghani","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V1I1.1779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V1I1.1779","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, the antioxidant and analgesic potential of the 80% methanol extract of the leaves of Curcuma alismatifolia Gangnep was evaluated. The extract was investigated for its antioxidant activity using lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity and reducing power assays. The extract showed significant antioxidant activities in lipid peroxidation assay compared to the standard antioxidant in a dose dependent manner. In lipid peroxidation assay, the IC50 value was found to be 122.43�g/mL while the IC50 value for the reference ascorbic acid was 147.87�g/ml. Moreover, Curcuma alismatifolia extract showed strong total antioxidant capacity and good reducing power. The analgesic activity was evaluated for its central and peripheral pharmacological actions using tail immersion method and acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice respectively. The extract, at the dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg, produced a significant (p < 0.05-0.001) increase in pain threshold in tail immersion methods in a dose dependent manner. In acetic acid-induced writhing test the extract, at a dose of 500 mg/kg, showed a maximum of 60.5% inhibition (p <0.001) of writhing reaction compared to the reference drug diclofenac-sodium (75.0%). All experimental results suggest the use of this plant for the treatment of pain and inflammatory disorder.","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"3-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85098543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most of the environmental organism possess endotoxin which presence indicates the organisms are much lethal and for the purposes bacteriological quality of pharmaceutical raw products is much important .In these current study, 2 raw materials out of 10 were found to containing pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas species in the culture medium, that indicates the raw materials were contaminated with the deadly organism. These two raw materials checked for the presence of Endotoxin and both provided positive gel clot by Limulas amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay .Quality maintenance and assurance is the essential need of Drug preparation in pharmaceutical sector .The result ensure that Pharmaceutical industry should need to follow GMP and HACCP to minimize the contamination for improving the biological safety of the product in a cost-effective manner. Key Word: Limulas amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay, Gram negative bacteria, endotoxin .
{"title":"An Improved In Vitro Pyrogen Test To Detect The Presence of Endotoxin Containing Bacteria Using Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate Assay From Pharmaceutical Raw Product","authors":"Tanvir Bashar, Khondokar Mahzebin Shurovi, Sanjida Dilshad","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V1I1.1812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V1I1.1812","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the environmental organism possess endotoxin which presence indicates the organisms are much lethal and for the purposes bacteriological quality of pharmaceutical raw products is much important .In these current study, 2 raw materials out of 10 were found to containing pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas species in the culture medium, that indicates the raw materials were contaminated with the deadly organism. These two raw materials checked for the presence of Endotoxin and both provided positive gel clot by Limulas amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay .Quality maintenance and assurance is the essential need of Drug preparation in pharmaceutical sector .The result ensure that Pharmaceutical industry should need to follow GMP and HACCP to minimize the contamination for improving the biological safety of the product in a cost-effective manner. Key Word: Limulas amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay, Gram negative bacteria, endotoxin .","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"78 1","pages":"76-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80904198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Preliminary phytochemical screening of the methanolic extract of the whole plant of Saccharum spontaneum Linn. (FamilyGramineae) revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, reducing sugar, tannins and saponins. The antidiarrhoeal activity of the extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) was assessed on experimental animal and a dose dependent decrease in the total number of faecal dropping was obsereved in castor oil induced diarrhoea in mice. The plant extract was also assessed for effect on the central nervous system (CNS) using a number of neuropharmacological experimental models in mice. The extract produced a dosedependent reduction of the onset and duration of pentobarbitone-induced hypnosis, reduction of locomotor and exploratory activities in the open field and hole cross tests. These results suggest that the extract possesses antidiarrhoeal and CNS depressant activity.
{"title":"Anti-diarrhoeal and CNS Depressant Activity of Methanolic Extract of Saccharum spontaneum Linn.","authors":"M. Vhuiyan, I. J. Biva, M. Saha, M. Islam","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V1I1.1810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V1I1.1810","url":null,"abstract":"Preliminary phytochemical screening of the methanolic extract of the whole plant of Saccharum spontaneum Linn. (FamilyGramineae) revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, reducing sugar, tannins and saponins. The antidiarrhoeal activity of the extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) was assessed on experimental animal and a dose dependent decrease in the total number of faecal dropping was obsereved in castor oil induced diarrhoea in mice. The plant extract was also assessed for effect on the central nervous system (CNS) using a number of neuropharmacological experimental models in mice. The extract produced a dosedependent reduction of the onset and duration of pentobarbitone-induced hypnosis, reduction of locomotor and exploratory activities in the open field and hole cross tests. These results suggest that the extract possesses antidiarrhoeal and CNS depressant activity.","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"63-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84495268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Alam, Nazmuj Slahin, R. Uddin, S. Hasan, R. Akter, Kamaluddin, A. Faroque, Abdul Ghani
Analgesic and central nervous system depressant activity of the methanol extract of Achyranthes aspera Linn. was assessed by using acetic acid induced writhing test, thiopental sodium induced sleeping time determination, hole cross test and open field test in albino mice. The extract (250 and 500mg/kg) showed a dose dependent inhibition of writhing response generation by acetic acid compared to reference drug diclofenac sodium (50mg/kg). Methanol (70%) extract of Achyranthes aspera (500 mg/kg) also produced rapid onset and maximized the duration of sleeping time when administered with thiopental sodium. The extract also decreased the motor activity and exploratory behavior of mice in hole cross and open field test. The overall experimental results suggest the analgesic and central nervous system depressant activity of the methanolic extract of Achyranthes aspera and justify its use in folkloric remedies.
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