V Narsimha Reddy, V Anil Kumar, M. Srinivas, V Narayana Reddy
The purpose of this present study was to differentiate transudates and exudates in pleural effusions. Oxidative stress has been associated with various respiratory disorders. Ninety patients of pleural effusions of diverse etiologies were participated in this study. Subjects underwent diagnostic thoracentesis and standard biochemical parameters (total protein, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose, MDA levels) were measured in pleural fluid and serum. MDA, total protein, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose levels in plural fluid were higher in exudates compared to transudates (p<0.001). Total protein pleural fluid/ total protein serum ratio, LDH pleural fluid/LDH serum ratio and MDA pleural fluid/MDA serum ratio were raised in exudates compared to transudates (p<0.001). The present study showed that oxidative stress was more in exudates compared to transudates, probably due to the production of reactive oxygen species and it may serve as a marker for differentiation between transudates and exudates in clinical practice.
{"title":"Study on Oxidative Metabolic Changes to Differentiate Exudative from Transudative Pleural Effusions","authors":"V Narsimha Reddy, V Anil Kumar, M. Srinivas, V Narayana Reddy","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V1I1.1806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V1I1.1806","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this present study was to differentiate transudates and exudates in pleural effusions. Oxidative stress has been associated with various respiratory disorders. Ninety patients of pleural effusions of diverse etiologies were participated in this study. Subjects underwent diagnostic thoracentesis and standard biochemical parameters (total protein, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose, MDA levels) were measured in pleural fluid and serum. MDA, total protein, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose levels in plural fluid were higher in exudates compared to transudates (p<0.001). Total protein pleural fluid/ total protein serum ratio, LDH pleural fluid/LDH serum ratio and MDA pleural fluid/MDA serum ratio were raised in exudates compared to transudates (p<0.001). The present study showed that oxidative stress was more in exudates compared to transudates, probably due to the production of reactive oxygen species and it may serve as a marker for differentiation between transudates and exudates in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"38-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77120493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kabir, Tasbira Jeseem, R. Jahangir, D. M. Rahman, A. S. Rouf
An attempt was to formulate the oral sustained release Metformin hydrochloride matrix tablets by using hydroxyl methyl cellulose polymer (HPMC) as rate controlling factor and to evaluate drug release parameters as per various release kinetic models. The tablets were prepared by direct compression method. The granules were evaluated for angle of repose, loose bulk density, tapped bulk density, compressibility index, total porosity, drug content etc. and showed satisfactory results. The tablets were subjected to thickness, weight variation test, drug content, hardness, friability and in vitro release studies. The in vitro dissolution study was carried out for 8 hours using United States Pharmacopoeia USP 22 (paddle-type dissolution apparatus) in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as dissolution media. All the tablet formulations showed acceptable pharmacotechnical properties and complied with pharmacopoeial specifications. The release mechanisms were explored and explained with zero order, first order, Higuchi, Korsmeyer and Hixson-Crowell equations. The results indicated that a decrease in release kinetics of the drug was observed by increasing the polymer concentration. Kinetic modeling of in vitro dissolution profiles revealed the drug release mechanism ranges from diffusion controlled or Fickian transport to anomalous type or non-Fickian transport, which was only dependent on the type and amount of polymer used. The drug release followed both diffusion and erosion mechanism in all cases. Besides, this study explored both of the optimum concentration and the effect of polymer on drug release pattern from the tablet matrix for 8 hours period.
{"title":"Formulation Development and In Vitro Evaluation of Metformin Hydrochloride Matrix Tablets Based on Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose","authors":"A. Kabir, Tasbira Jeseem, R. Jahangir, D. M. Rahman, A. S. Rouf","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V1I1.1808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V1I1.1808","url":null,"abstract":"An attempt was to formulate the oral sustained release Metformin hydrochloride matrix tablets by using hydroxyl methyl cellulose polymer (HPMC) as rate controlling factor and to evaluate drug release parameters as per various release kinetic models. The tablets were prepared by direct compression method. The granules were evaluated for angle of repose, loose bulk density, tapped bulk density, compressibility index, total porosity, drug content etc. and showed satisfactory results. The tablets were subjected to thickness, weight variation test, drug content, hardness, friability and in vitro release studies. The in vitro dissolution study was carried out for 8 hours using United States Pharmacopoeia USP 22 (paddle-type dissolution apparatus) in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as dissolution media. All the tablet formulations showed acceptable pharmacotechnical properties and complied with pharmacopoeial specifications. The release mechanisms were explored and explained with zero order, first order, Higuchi, Korsmeyer and Hixson-Crowell equations. The results indicated that a decrease in release kinetics of the drug was observed by increasing the polymer concentration. Kinetic modeling of in vitro dissolution profiles revealed the drug release mechanism ranges from diffusion controlled or Fickian transport to anomalous type or non-Fickian transport, which was only dependent on the type and amount of polymer used. The drug release followed both diffusion and erosion mechanism in all cases. Besides, this study explored both of the optimum concentration and the effect of polymer on drug release pattern from the tablet matrix for 8 hours period.","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"51-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73948966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Haque, M. Talukder, S. Laila, K. Fatema, A. Kabir
The development of a UV Spectrophotometric method for simultaneous estimation of Ranitidine HCl and Naproxen involves absorbance measurement of Ranitidine HCl at 313 nm in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer and 314 nm in both 0.1N HCl and in water and that of Naproxen at 229 nm in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer and 232 nm in both 0.1N HCl and in water corresponding to the respective absorption maxima. Both the drugs obey Beer- Lambert's law in the range of 5-25 µg/ml for Ranitidine HCl and 0.2-1.25 µg/ml for Naproxen. The method developed was validated to determine its linearity, precision, reproducibility and sensitivity. The tablet formulations were evaluated for the percent content of both the drugs at the selected wavelengths and the percent potency were 98.83 and 99.15 for Naproxen and Ranitidine HCl respectively.
{"title":"Simultaneous Estimation of Naproxen and Ranitidine HCl by Using UV Spectrophotometer","authors":"T. Haque, M. Talukder, S. Laila, K. Fatema, A. Kabir","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V1I1.1781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V1I1.1781","url":null,"abstract":"The development of a UV Spectrophotometric method for simultaneous estimation of Ranitidine HCl and Naproxen involves absorbance measurement of Ranitidine HCl at 313 nm in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer and 314 nm in both 0.1N HCl and in water and that of Naproxen at 229 nm in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer and 232 nm in both 0.1N HCl and in water corresponding to the respective absorption maxima. Both the drugs obey Beer- Lambert's law in the range of 5-25 µg/ml for Ranitidine HCl and 0.2-1.25 µg/ml for Naproxen. The method developed was validated to determine its linearity, precision, reproducibility and sensitivity. The tablet formulations were evaluated for the percent content of both the drugs at the selected wavelengths and the percent potency were 98.83 and 99.15 for Naproxen and Ranitidine HCl respectively.","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"161 1","pages":"18-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75536669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Chowdhury, J. Islam, M. Rahaman, M. Rahman, N. N. Rumzhum, R. Sultana, Most. Nazma Parvin
Rebeka Sultana and Most Nazma Parvin - were added as authors on 13th September 2010. The petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol crude extracts of the two different plant parts (aerial part and root) of Mimosa pudica (Mimosaceae) were screened in vitro for cytotoxicity studies by brine shrimp lethality bioassay and antimicrobial screening by disc diffusion method. The methanol crude extract of the aerial part was screened in vitro for antioxidant activity using the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. The petroleum ether and methanol crude extracts of the root showed potential cytotoxic activities (LC 50 0.05 μg/ml and 0.035 μg/ml respectively) whereas the other extractives showed poor cytotoxicity. All the crude extracts showed poor activity or inactivity against the test microorganisms. On the other hand, the methanol crude extract of the aerial part showed moderate antioxidant activity (IC 50 296.92 μg/ml) compared to ascorbic acid (IC 50 131.29 μg/ml). The overall experimental results suggest the biologically active constituents present in the methanolic extract of Mimosa pudica and justify its use in folkloric remedies. Key Words: Mimosa pudica , Mimosaceae, Cytotoxicity, Antimicrobial, DPPH, Antioxidant. doi:10.3329/sjps.v1i1.1813 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 1(1&2): 80-84
{"title":"Cytotoxicity, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Studies of the Different Plant Parts of Mimosa Pudica","authors":"S. Chowdhury, J. Islam, M. Rahaman, M. Rahman, N. N. Rumzhum, R. Sultana, Most. Nazma Parvin","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V1I1.1813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V1I1.1813","url":null,"abstract":"Rebeka Sultana and Most Nazma Parvin - were added as authors on 13th September 2010. The petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol crude extracts of the two different plant parts (aerial part and root) of Mimosa pudica (Mimosaceae) were screened in vitro for cytotoxicity studies by brine shrimp lethality bioassay and antimicrobial screening by disc diffusion method. The methanol crude extract of the aerial part was screened in vitro for antioxidant activity using the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. The petroleum ether and methanol crude extracts of the root showed potential cytotoxic activities (LC 50 0.05 μg/ml and 0.035 μg/ml respectively) whereas the other extractives showed poor cytotoxicity. All the crude extracts showed poor activity or inactivity against the test microorganisms. On the other hand, the methanol crude extract of the aerial part showed moderate antioxidant activity (IC 50 296.92 μg/ml) compared to ascorbic acid (IC 50 131.29 μg/ml). The overall experimental results suggest the biologically active constituents present in the methanolic extract of Mimosa pudica and justify its use in folkloric remedies. Key Words: Mimosa pudica , Mimosaceae, Cytotoxicity, Antimicrobial, DPPH, Antioxidant. doi:10.3329/sjps.v1i1.1813 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 1(1&2): 80-84","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"208 1","pages":"80-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75488986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. N. Rumzhum, M Mostafizur Rahman, M Shahidul Islam, S. Chowdhury, R. Sultana, Most. Nazma Parvin
The petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol crude extracts of the two different plant parts (leaves and bark) of Mirabilis jalapa (Nyctaginaceae) were screened for cytotoxicity by brine shrimp lethality bioassay and the crude methanol extract of the bark was screened for antioxidant activity using the 1, 1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. The petroleum ether extract of the bark showed significant cytotoxic activity with the LC50 value 8.12 �g/ml compared to vincristine sulphate (LC50 0.33 �g/ml). On the other hand, the methanol crude extract of the bark showed mild antioxidant activity with the IC50 value 598.02 µg/ml compared to ascorbic acid(IC50 70.985�g/ml). Above results suggest moderate cytotoxic and antioxidant activity of the extract.
{"title":"Cytotoxicity and Antioxidant Activity of Extractives from Mirabilis jalapa","authors":"N. N. Rumzhum, M Mostafizur Rahman, M Shahidul Islam, S. Chowdhury, R. Sultana, Most. Nazma Parvin","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V1I1.1814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V1I1.1814","url":null,"abstract":"The petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol crude extracts of the two different plant parts (leaves and bark) of Mirabilis jalapa (Nyctaginaceae) were screened for cytotoxicity by brine shrimp lethality bioassay and the crude methanol extract of the bark was screened for antioxidant activity using the 1, 1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. The petroleum ether extract of the bark showed significant cytotoxic activity with the LC50 value 8.12 �g/ml compared to vincristine sulphate (LC50 0.33 �g/ml). On the other hand, the methanol crude extract of the bark showed mild antioxidant activity with the IC50 value 598.02 µg/ml compared to ascorbic acid(IC50 70.985�g/ml). Above results suggest moderate cytotoxic and antioxidant activity of the extract.","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"90 1","pages":"85-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76340251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Yesmin, M. Talukder, Muhammad Shahidul Islam, S. Laila, T. Haque
Aceclofenac loaded agarose beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation method and drug release profile, swelling index (SI %) and entrapping efficiency (EE %) of aceclofenac were investigated. The drug was dissolved in melted 4 % agar solution in different ratios. Beads were prepared by dropping the hot aqueous solution into a beaker of different percentages of chilled CaCl2 solution followed by filtering the solution and drying at room temperature. The entrapment efficiency was 100±5 %. The swelling index was found to be highest (18.22 % in 4 hours) for beads containing aceclofenac-agar (1:2) in 4 % electrolyte solutions and the swelling property was decreased with increasing electrolyte concentration. In vitro dissolution of beads was carried out in USP apparatus-II (paddle method) at 75 rpm. The drug release was measured by using UVSpectrophotometer at λmax of 268 nm for acid media and 274 nm for buffer media. The dissolution data were treated with zero order, first order and Higuchi model. Half of the formulations were fitted to Higuchi model and rest half to first order model. Finally it can be concluded that with the increasing polymer (agar) concentration, the release rate of aceclofenac was decreased and swelling index was increased and with the increasing electrolyte concentration, the release rate was increased and swelling index was decreased.
{"title":"Evaluation of Aceclofenac Loaded Agarose Beads Prepared by Ionotropic Gelation Method","authors":"F. Yesmin, M. Talukder, Muhammad Shahidul Islam, S. Laila, T. Haque","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V1I1.1780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V1I1.1780","url":null,"abstract":"Aceclofenac loaded agarose beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation method and drug release profile, swelling index (SI %) and entrapping efficiency (EE %) of aceclofenac were investigated. The drug was dissolved in melted 4 % agar solution in different ratios. Beads were prepared by dropping the hot aqueous solution into a beaker of different percentages of chilled CaCl2 solution followed by filtering the solution and drying at room temperature. The entrapment efficiency was 100±5 %. The swelling index was found to be highest (18.22 % in 4 hours) for beads containing aceclofenac-agar (1:2) in 4 % electrolyte solutions and the swelling property was decreased with increasing electrolyte concentration. In vitro dissolution of beads was carried out in USP apparatus-II (paddle method) at 75 rpm. The drug release was measured by using UVSpectrophotometer at λmax of 268 nm for acid media and 274 nm for buffer media. The dissolution data were treated with zero order, first order and Higuchi model. Half of the formulations were fitted to Higuchi model and rest half to first order model. Finally it can be concluded that with the increasing polymer (agar) concentration, the release rate of aceclofenac was decreased and swelling index was increased and with the increasing electrolyte concentration, the release rate was increased and swelling index was decreased.","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"10-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78715025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Good Hospital Pharmacy Practices for Better Health Care of People","authors":"F. Ahmed","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V1I1.1778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V1I1.1778","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88175604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this research work was to prepare a chrono modulated delivery system to meet chronopharmacological needs of asthma. In this study theophylline was selected as a model drug. To meet this objective we considered an initial lag phase of release for 3-5 hrs and later a rapid (surge) release phase. To achieve surge release a rapidly releasing core tablet of theophylline was developed by admixing theophylline with effervescent granules and super disintegrants. The lag phase in release was achieved by coating the EV core tablets with release retarding polymer EUDRAGIT RS-100 containing HPMC, further over coated with enteric polymer CAP. The results indicate that a rapidly releasing EV tablet of theophylline cab be developed which when coated with the polymers a lag phase of 2 hrs was achievable followed by a surge release. Key Words: Theophylline, Chrono Modulated Drug Delivery, Asthma. doi:10.3329/sjps.v1i1.1782 S. J. Pharm. Sci . 1(1&2): 25-28
{"title":"Design and In Vitro Evaluation of Chrono Modulated Theophylline Tablets","authors":"B. V. Kumar, B. Nagaraj, B. Agaiah, D. Rambhau","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V1I1.1782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V1I1.1782","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research work was to prepare a chrono modulated delivery system to meet chronopharmacological needs of asthma. In this study theophylline was selected as a model drug. To meet this objective we considered an initial lag phase of release for 3-5 hrs and later a rapid (surge) release phase. To achieve surge release a rapidly releasing core tablet of theophylline was developed by admixing theophylline with effervescent granules and super disintegrants. The lag phase in release was achieved by coating the EV core tablets with release retarding polymer EUDRAGIT RS-100 containing HPMC, further over coated with enteric polymer CAP. The results indicate that a rapidly releasing EV tablet of theophylline cab be developed which when coated with the polymers a lag phase of 2 hrs was achievable followed by a surge release. Key Words: Theophylline, Chrono Modulated Drug Delivery, Asthma. doi:10.3329/sjps.v1i1.1782 S. J. Pharm. Sci . 1(1&2): 25-28","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"25-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82011336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ethanol leaf extracts of four medicinal plants named Hibiscus mutabilis, Leucas aspera, Ixora coccinea and Polyalthia longifolia were examined for their possible regulatory effect on nitric oxide (NO) levels using sodium nitroprusside as a NO donor in vitro. Most of the extracts tested demonstrated direct scavenging of NO and exhibited significant activity and the potency of scavenging activity was in the following order: Leucas aspera > Ixora coccinea > Hibiscus mutabilis> Polyalthia longifolia. All the evaluated extracts exhibited a dose-dependent NO scavenging activity. The ethanolic leaf extract of Leucas aspera showed the greatest NO scavenging effect of 80.50% at 320 µg/ml with IC50 value of 94.15 µg/ml as compared to the positive control ascorbic acid where 74.56 % scavenging was observed at similar concentration with IC50 value of 62.48 µg/mL. The maximum NO scavenging of Ixora coccinea, Hibiscus mutabilis and Polyalthia longifolia were 79.65 %, 78.60% and 70.67 % with IC50 values of 43.72 µg/ml, 147.64 µg/ml and 167.08 µg/ml respectively. The present results suggest that these plants might be potent and novel therapeutic agents for scavenging of NO and the regulation of pathological conditions caused by excessive generation of NO and its oxidation product.
{"title":"In Vitro Nitric Oxide Scavenging Activity of Ethanol Leaf Extracts of Four Bangladeshi Medicinal Plants","authors":"M. Saha, R. Jahangir, M. Vhuiyan, I. J. Biva","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V1I1.1809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V1I1.1809","url":null,"abstract":"The ethanol leaf extracts of four medicinal plants named Hibiscus mutabilis, Leucas aspera, Ixora coccinea and Polyalthia longifolia were examined for their possible regulatory effect on nitric oxide (NO) levels using sodium nitroprusside as a NO donor in vitro. Most of the extracts tested demonstrated direct scavenging of NO and exhibited significant activity and the potency of scavenging activity was in the following order: Leucas aspera > Ixora coccinea > Hibiscus mutabilis> Polyalthia longifolia. All the evaluated extracts exhibited a dose-dependent NO scavenging activity. The ethanolic leaf extract of Leucas aspera showed the greatest NO scavenging effect of 80.50% at 320 µg/ml with IC50 value of 94.15 µg/ml as compared to the positive control ascorbic acid where 74.56 % scavenging was observed at similar concentration with IC50 value of 62.48 µg/mL. The maximum NO scavenging of Ixora coccinea, Hibiscus mutabilis and Polyalthia longifolia were 79.65 %, 78.60% and 70.67 % with IC50 values of 43.72 µg/ml, 147.64 µg/ml and 167.08 µg/ml respectively. The present results suggest that these plants might be potent and novel therapeutic agents for scavenging of NO and the regulation of pathological conditions caused by excessive generation of NO and its oxidation product.","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"57-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85094042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cholera caused by toxigenic Vibrio cholerae is a major public health problem confronting developing countries, where outbreaks occur in a regular seasonal pattern and are particularly associated with poverty and poor sanitation. It is generally accepted that seven distinct pandemics of cholera have occurred since the onset of the first pandemic in 1817. Again Vibrio cholerae is capable of surviving in aquatic environments for extended periods and is considered as autochthonous species in estuarine and brackish waters. Therefore, the present study was designed to isolate V. cholerae from natural environmental samples subsequently identified by conventional and molecular biological techniques. A total number of 10 isolates were included randomly in this study based on their initial identification. The serotypes of the isolates were determined by serological test (slide agglutination) and the number of serotypes O1, O139 and non-O1/O139 were 3, 2 and 5 respectively which were reconfirmed by PCR method. Finally, the toxigenicity of the isolates was analyzed by multiplex PCR method and five (5) isolates were found to contain the ctx gene, the major virulence factor of V. cholerae. Key Words: Vibrio cholerae, Simplex PCR, Multiplex PCR, Serotypes, Toxigenicity. Â doi:10.3329/sjps.v1i1.1811 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 1(1&2): 69-75
由产毒霍乱弧菌引起的霍乱是发展中国家面临的一个主要公共卫生问题，在这些国家，霍乱的爆发经常季节性发生，并特别与贫穷和卫生条件差有关。人们普遍认为，自1817年第一次霍乱大流行爆发以来，已经发生了七次不同的霍乱大流行。霍乱弧菌能够在水生环境中存活较长时间，被认为是河口和咸淡水中的原生物种。因此，本研究旨在从自然环境样品中分离霍乱弧菌，然后通过常规和分子生物学技术鉴定。根据初步鉴定结果，随机纳入10株分离菌。经血清学检测(玻片凝集法)确定分离株血清型，经PCR法再次确认的O1、O139和非O1/O139血清型分别为3、2和5株。最后，采用多重PCR方法分析分离株的毒力，发现5株分离株含有霍乱弧菌主要毒力因子ctx基因。关键词:霍乱弧菌，单纯PCR，多重PCR，血清型，毒力Â doi:10.3329/sjps.v1i1.1811 S. J. Pharm。科学通报1(1&2):69-75
{"title":"Rapid Method for Species-Specific Identification and Determination of Toxigenicity of Vibrio Cholerae from Natural Aquatic Environment","authors":"B. Chakraborty, K. Zaman, Majibur Rahman","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V1I1.1811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V1I1.1811","url":null,"abstract":"Cholera caused by toxigenic Vibrio cholerae is a major public health problem confronting developing countries, where outbreaks occur in a regular seasonal pattern and are particularly associated with poverty and poor sanitation. It is generally accepted that seven distinct pandemics of cholera have occurred since the onset of the first pandemic in 1817. Again Vibrio cholerae is capable of surviving in aquatic environments for extended periods and is considered as autochthonous species in estuarine and brackish waters. Therefore, the present study was designed to isolate V. cholerae from natural environmental samples subsequently identified by conventional and molecular biological techniques. A total number of 10 isolates were included randomly in this study based on their initial identification. The serotypes of the isolates were determined by serological test (slide agglutination) and the number of serotypes O1, O139 and non-O1/O139 were 3, 2 and 5 respectively which were reconfirmed by PCR method. Finally, the toxigenicity of the isolates was analyzed by multiplex PCR method and five (5) isolates were found to contain the ctx gene, the major virulence factor of V. cholerae. Key Words: Vibrio cholerae, Simplex PCR, Multiplex PCR, Serotypes, Toxigenicity. Â doi:10.3329/sjps.v1i1.1811 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 1(1&2): 69-75","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":"69-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91319191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：