Abstract The influence of sexual dimorphism on commercial-biological traits of the most widespread poplar of the world Populus tremula L. in the Central forest-steppe of the European territory of Russia was studied. The analysis was made of the distribution of male and female clones in general, the effects of humidity, the richness of the soil, and surrounding vegetation on their productive capacity as well as core rot damage. The study presents survey results of 620 aspen plots spread out over an area of 823 hectares as well as more detailed data obtained from 3 pairs of test plots in which the indicators of male and female aspen stands were compared under identical or similar conditions. The study showed that the area of male aspen in the studied region is 4.5 times larger than that of females. The former prevail in drier and less fertile conditions while females gravitate towards more favorable growing conditions. The comparison of the productive capacity of male and female clones of the same age class, growing in identical or similar growing conditions showed that the height, diameter, and volume of the trunks were higher in male trees. Female aspen trees were less affected by core rot in the best conditions of growth, and male ones were more resistant at the worse ones.
{"title":"The influence of sexual dimorphism on the phenotypical properties of poplar","authors":"A. Tsarev","doi":"10.2478/sg-2020-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sg-2020-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The influence of sexual dimorphism on commercial-biological traits of the most widespread poplar of the world Populus tremula L. in the Central forest-steppe of the European territory of Russia was studied. The analysis was made of the distribution of male and female clones in general, the effects of humidity, the richness of the soil, and surrounding vegetation on their productive capacity as well as core rot damage. The study presents survey results of 620 aspen plots spread out over an area of 823 hectares as well as more detailed data obtained from 3 pairs of test plots in which the indicators of male and female aspen stands were compared under identical or similar conditions. The study showed that the area of male aspen in the studied region is 4.5 times larger than that of females. The former prevail in drier and less fertile conditions while females gravitate towards more favorable growing conditions. The comparison of the productive capacity of male and female clones of the same age class, growing in identical or similar growing conditions showed that the height, diameter, and volume of the trunks were higher in male trees. Female aspen trees were less affected by core rot in the best conditions of growth, and male ones were more resistant at the worse ones.","PeriodicalId":21834,"journal":{"name":"Silvae Genetica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90279201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rhouma-Chatti Soumaya, C. Sarra, Moussa Maha, C. Khaled, C. Noureddine
Abstract Genetic variability in date palm genotypes collected from different regions of southern Tunisia was analyzed using a Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) marker system. Thirty-one accessions collected from three locations were investigated. One hundred and nine amplicons were produced among which 84 % were polymorphic. The PIC value and the Rp values testified of the efficiency of used primers. The percentage of polymorphic loci (Pp) varied from 44.57 to 83.70 %, Nei‘s gene diversity (H) from 0.175 to 0.273 with a mean of 0.228, and Shannon‘s information index (I) values ranging from 0.257 to 0.409 with an average value of 0.338 were illustrated. The Tunisian date palm populations exhibited high genetic differentiation (GST = 0.319) and gene flow (Nm = 1.063). The AMOVA analysis presented 70 % of the variation within the population and 30 % of the variation between them. Phylogenetic analysis and the Bayesian clustering approach also revealed high genetic variation among genetic variants with a net divergence of the wild insular population of Kerkennah from other cultivars. The present investigation suggests the effectiveness of the SCoT marker system to estimate the genetic diversity of Phoenix dactylifera genotypes.
{"title":"Gene-Targeted markers to assess genetic diversity and population structure within Tunisian Phoenix dactylifera L. cultivars","authors":"Rhouma-Chatti Soumaya, C. Sarra, Moussa Maha, C. Khaled, C. Noureddine","doi":"10.2478/sg-2020-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sg-2020-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Genetic variability in date palm genotypes collected from different regions of southern Tunisia was analyzed using a Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) marker system. Thirty-one accessions collected from three locations were investigated. One hundred and nine amplicons were produced among which 84 % were polymorphic. The PIC value and the Rp values testified of the efficiency of used primers. The percentage of polymorphic loci (Pp) varied from 44.57 to 83.70 %, Nei‘s gene diversity (H) from 0.175 to 0.273 with a mean of 0.228, and Shannon‘s information index (I) values ranging from 0.257 to 0.409 with an average value of 0.338 were illustrated. The Tunisian date palm populations exhibited high genetic differentiation (GST = 0.319) and gene flow (Nm = 1.063). The AMOVA analysis presented 70 % of the variation within the population and 30 % of the variation between them. Phylogenetic analysis and the Bayesian clustering approach also revealed high genetic variation among genetic variants with a net divergence of the wild insular population of Kerkennah from other cultivars. The present investigation suggests the effectiveness of the SCoT marker system to estimate the genetic diversity of Phoenix dactylifera genotypes.","PeriodicalId":21834,"journal":{"name":"Silvae Genetica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81429013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu. S. Vasilyeva, A. Zhulanov, S. Boronnikova, Y. Yanbaev
Abstract Research on the state and dynamics of the gene pool (an important natural resource that determines the potential fitness of living organisms and, ultimately, their long-term survival) becomes an important problem in the context of increased anthropogenic environmental impact. They are especially important for key species of ecosystems of a global scale importance. Larix sibirica Ledeb., which spreads from the Western Siberia to the Russian North-West, is one of such forest tree species. We identified patterns of genetic structure of populations on the example of the species’ Western race on the Middle and Northern Urals. The analysis of nucleotide polymorphism of genes of ABA-inducible protein, MADS-box-transcription factor and of 4-kumarat: CoA ligase (a part of the gene) was used as a method. Evidences were obtained that a part of the populations previously formed a single large population. At the same time, populations with different gene pools were found. As a result, differences between populations within the region were more pronounced (fixation index FST = -0.021 – 0.260, total haplotype diversity Hd = 0.636 – 0.911; nucleotide diversity π = 0.005 – 0.009; number of mutations θW = 0.005 – 0.012) than in other parts of the race. Causes of this phenomenon are discussed. It was concluded that the larch forests with a unique gene pool and/or high genetic diversity should be objects of population-oriented forestry and conservation.
{"title":"Genetic structure of ural populations of Larix sibirica Ledeb. on the base of analysis of nucleotide polymorphism","authors":"Yu. S. Vasilyeva, A. Zhulanov, S. Boronnikova, Y. Yanbaev","doi":"10.2478/sg-2020-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sg-2020-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Research on the state and dynamics of the gene pool (an important natural resource that determines the potential fitness of living organisms and, ultimately, their long-term survival) becomes an important problem in the context of increased anthropogenic environmental impact. They are especially important for key species of ecosystems of a global scale importance. Larix sibirica Ledeb., which spreads from the Western Siberia to the Russian North-West, is one of such forest tree species. We identified patterns of genetic structure of populations on the example of the species’ Western race on the Middle and Northern Urals. The analysis of nucleotide polymorphism of genes of ABA-inducible protein, MADS-box-transcription factor and of 4-kumarat: CoA ligase (a part of the gene) was used as a method. Evidences were obtained that a part of the populations previously formed a single large population. At the same time, populations with different gene pools were found. As a result, differences between populations within the region were more pronounced (fixation index FST = -0.021 – 0.260, total haplotype diversity Hd = 0.636 – 0.911; nucleotide diversity π = 0.005 – 0.009; number of mutations θW = 0.005 – 0.012) than in other parts of the race. Causes of this phenomenon are discussed. It was concluded that the larch forests with a unique gene pool and/or high genetic diversity should be objects of population-oriented forestry and conservation.","PeriodicalId":21834,"journal":{"name":"Silvae Genetica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91151638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tsam Ju, Perla Farhat, W. Tao, Jibin Miao, Jialiang Li, Xiaoyan Fan, Sonam Tso, Kangshan Mao
Abstract Juniperus squamata, an endemic conifer of Asia, is an important shrub ecologically and economically. Yet little is known about its genetic diversity and population structure due to lacking of highly polymorphic molecular markers. In this study, expressed sequence tag microsatellite markers (EST-SSR) were developed for Juniperus squamata. Illumina HiSeq data were used to reconstruct the transcriptome of this species by de novo assembly. Based on this transcriptome, 18 SSR markers were designed and successfully amplified. Just one locus was eliminated due to its detection of null alleles and the remaining 17 loci were polymorphic, generating five to 14 alleles per locus in J. squamata. Markers cross-amplification tests were successful in two closely related species of J. squamata. These markers will serve as a basis for further studies to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of J. squamata. As well, they could be useful in promoting sustainable forest management strategies for this species in the face of global climate change.
{"title":"Development and Characterization of EST-SSR Markers for Juniperus squamata (Cupressaceae), an ecologically important conifer in Asian mountains","authors":"Tsam Ju, Perla Farhat, W. Tao, Jibin Miao, Jialiang Li, Xiaoyan Fan, Sonam Tso, Kangshan Mao","doi":"10.2478/sg-2020-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sg-2020-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Juniperus squamata, an endemic conifer of Asia, is an important shrub ecologically and economically. Yet little is known about its genetic diversity and population structure due to lacking of highly polymorphic molecular markers. In this study, expressed sequence tag microsatellite markers (EST-SSR) were developed for Juniperus squamata. Illumina HiSeq data were used to reconstruct the transcriptome of this species by de novo assembly. Based on this transcriptome, 18 SSR markers were designed and successfully amplified. Just one locus was eliminated due to its detection of null alleles and the remaining 17 loci were polymorphic, generating five to 14 alleles per locus in J. squamata. Markers cross-amplification tests were successful in two closely related species of J. squamata. These markers will serve as a basis for further studies to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of J. squamata. As well, they could be useful in promoting sustainable forest management strategies for this species in the face of global climate change.","PeriodicalId":21834,"journal":{"name":"Silvae Genetica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87935221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liliana Muñoz-Gutiérrez, J. Vargas-Hernández, J. López-Upton, C. Ramírez-Herrera, M. Jiménez-Casas
Abstract Synchronization between female receptiveness and pollen dispersal, and fecundity of clones influence effective population size and genetic diversity of germplasm produced in seed orchards. Our objective was to determine clonal variation in phenological synchronization and in cone production in a Pinus patula seed orchard. Two-year phenology data of female and male strobili from a sample of 31 clones, and of male strobili in trees from neighboring natural stands of the same species were used. Synchronization indices between female receptiveness and pollen release of the same clone (O̅iP̅i), of other clones (O̅i P̅j), and of natural stands (O̅i P̅NS) were calculated for each clone and averaged per precocity group (early, intermediate, and late). Genetic parameters for cone production of clones during three consecutive cone harvests were estimated, as was their relationship to precocity and synchronization index O̅i P̅NS. Cone production showed a broad variation among clones and between years, with strong genetic control (H2c ≥ 0.80) and stable (rB ≥ 0.79) between yeas. There was wide clonal variation in synchronization indices, but no significant variation was found in most cases among precocity groups, neither were they consistent between years. Negative correlations [rp = -0.37 and -0.40 (P < 0.05)] in cone production per clone in two years with the O̅i P̅NS index in the first year, indicated that the most prolific clones had lower synchronization with pollen release in natural stands in the orchard’s vicinity, and thus less risk of genetic contamination.
摘要:种子园中雌花接受度与花粉传播的同步性以及无性系的繁殖力影响着种子园中有效群体大小和种质资源的遗传多样性。我们的目的是确定在柏松种子园物候同步和球果生产无性系变异。本文利用31个无性系的雌、雄球果的2年物候资料，以及邻近自然林分的雄球果的物候资料。计算了同一无性系(O′i i i)、其他无性系(O′iP′j)和自然林分(O′iP′NS)的雌性受感度与花粉释放量的同步指数，并计算了各早熟组(早、中、晚)的平均值。对连续三次收获的无性系产果的遗传参数进行了估算，并分析了遗传参数与早熟和同步指数O′i P′NS的关系。籽粒产量在无性系间和年际间存在较大差异，遗传控制较强(H2c≥0.80)，年际稳定(rB≥0.79)。同步性指数克隆性差异较大，但多数早衰组间无显著差异，年际间也不一致。2年的单株球果产量与第一年的O′i P′NS指数呈负相关[P = -0.37和-0.40 (P < 0.05)]，说明高产无性系与果园附近自然林分花粉释放同步度较低，遗传污染风险较小。
{"title":"Clonal variation in phenological synchronization and cone production in a Pinus patula seed orchard","authors":"Liliana Muñoz-Gutiérrez, J. Vargas-Hernández, J. López-Upton, C. Ramírez-Herrera, M. Jiménez-Casas","doi":"10.2478/sg-2020-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sg-2020-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Synchronization between female receptiveness and pollen dispersal, and fecundity of clones influence effective population size and genetic diversity of germplasm produced in seed orchards. Our objective was to determine clonal variation in phenological synchronization and in cone production in a Pinus patula seed orchard. Two-year phenology data of female and male strobili from a sample of 31 clones, and of male strobili in trees from neighboring natural stands of the same species were used. Synchronization indices between female receptiveness and pollen release of the same clone (O̅iP̅i), of other clones (O̅i P̅j), and of natural stands (O̅i P̅NS) were calculated for each clone and averaged per precocity group (early, intermediate, and late). Genetic parameters for cone production of clones during three consecutive cone harvests were estimated, as was their relationship to precocity and synchronization index O̅i P̅NS. Cone production showed a broad variation among clones and between years, with strong genetic control (H2c ≥ 0.80) and stable (rB ≥ 0.79) between yeas. There was wide clonal variation in synchronization indices, but no significant variation was found in most cases among precocity groups, neither were they consistent between years. Negative correlations [rp = -0.37 and -0.40 (P < 0.05)] in cone production per clone in two years with the O̅i P̅NS index in the first year, indicated that the most prolific clones had lower synchronization with pollen release in natural stands in the orchard’s vicinity, and thus less risk of genetic contamination.","PeriodicalId":21834,"journal":{"name":"Silvae Genetica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76731666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tim Pettenkofer, R. Finkeldey, Markus Müller, K. Krutovsky, B. Vornam, L. Leinemann, O. Gailing
Abstract Our main objective was to generate cost-effective chloroplast (cp) DNA markers that are easy to apply and to score. In combination with already published cpSSR markers they should increase haplotype resolution in populations. To discover new cpDNA markers, we sequenced 87-97 % of the entire chloroplast genome (except the second inverted repeat) of 8 trees representing different regions of the Quercus rubra L. natural range with 4,030X-6,297X coverage and assembled the genome sequences using the publicly available chloroplast genome of Quercus rubra L. as a reference. In total, 118 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 107 insertions or deletions (indels) were detected, and 15 cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers were developed for Q. rubra. Using these new markers together with five chloroplast microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (cpSSR) markers, we identified 10 haplotypes in our diversity panel of 19 Q. rubra populations. Specifically, two haplotypes based only on the cpSSR markers could now be separated in five haplotypes. These markers are useful to assess haplotype diversity with high resolution and are also transferable to a closely related species, Quercus ellipsoidalis E. J. Hill.
{"title":"Development of novel Quercus rubra chloroplast genome CAPS markers for haplotype identification","authors":"Tim Pettenkofer, R. Finkeldey, Markus Müller, K. Krutovsky, B. Vornam, L. Leinemann, O. Gailing","doi":"10.2478/sg-2020-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sg-2020-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Our main objective was to generate cost-effective chloroplast (cp) DNA markers that are easy to apply and to score. In combination with already published cpSSR markers they should increase haplotype resolution in populations. To discover new cpDNA markers, we sequenced 87-97 % of the entire chloroplast genome (except the second inverted repeat) of 8 trees representing different regions of the Quercus rubra L. natural range with 4,030X-6,297X coverage and assembled the genome sequences using the publicly available chloroplast genome of Quercus rubra L. as a reference. In total, 118 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 107 insertions or deletions (indels) were detected, and 15 cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers were developed for Q. rubra. Using these new markers together with five chloroplast microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (cpSSR) markers, we identified 10 haplotypes in our diversity panel of 19 Q. rubra populations. Specifically, two haplotypes based only on the cpSSR markers could now be separated in five haplotypes. These markers are useful to assess haplotype diversity with high resolution and are also transferable to a closely related species, Quercus ellipsoidalis E. J. Hill.","PeriodicalId":21834,"journal":{"name":"Silvae Genetica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81907426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kormuťák, Martina Braná, Martin Galgóci, Peter Maňka, Denisa Sukenikova, J. Libantova, D. Gömöry
Abstract Generally acknowledged reduction of the interspecific hybrid fertility was utilized in evaluation of the putative hybrid swarms of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and mountain dwarf pine (P. mugo Turra) viability under field conditions. Pollen viability and seed quality of the trees from the four contact zones of P. sylvestris and P. mugo in Slovakia were compared with the corresponding characteristics of the pure populations of these species from three reference localities. Pollen germination percentage was comparable in contact zones and control populations of the species. Statistically significant differences between the parent and hybrid groups were detected in pollen tube length only. In general, pollen tubes of the pure species populations were longer than those in contact zones. At the cone level, the individuals from contact zones possessed shorter cones than the trees of pure species populations P. mugo and P. sylvestris. This was paralleled by a lower number of seeds per cone in contact zones and higher amount of seeds per cone in the P. mugo population. Striking differences between individuals of the contact zones and reference populations were revealed also in germination potentials of their seeds. Significantly higher proportions of germinating seeds was found in the reference populations of P. mugo and P. sylvestris than in their contact zones. Contrary to seed quality parameters mentioned above, the fractions of filled but non-germinating seeds and amounts of empty seeds were higher in contact zones than in the parental species populations, indicating higher frequency occurrence of abortive embryogenesis in the former. The lower fertility characteristics of the individuals from contact zones indicate their hybrid nature.
{"title":"Pollen fertility and seed viability of putative hybrid swarms of Pinus sylvestris and Pinus mugo in Slovakia","authors":"A. Kormuťák, Martina Braná, Martin Galgóci, Peter Maňka, Denisa Sukenikova, J. Libantova, D. Gömöry","doi":"10.2478/sg-2019-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sg-2019-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Generally acknowledged reduction of the interspecific hybrid fertility was utilized in evaluation of the putative hybrid swarms of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and mountain dwarf pine (P. mugo Turra) viability under field conditions. Pollen viability and seed quality of the trees from the four contact zones of P. sylvestris and P. mugo in Slovakia were compared with the corresponding characteristics of the pure populations of these species from three reference localities. Pollen germination percentage was comparable in contact zones and control populations of the species. Statistically significant differences between the parent and hybrid groups were detected in pollen tube length only. In general, pollen tubes of the pure species populations were longer than those in contact zones. At the cone level, the individuals from contact zones possessed shorter cones than the trees of pure species populations P. mugo and P. sylvestris. This was paralleled by a lower number of seeds per cone in contact zones and higher amount of seeds per cone in the P. mugo population. Striking differences between individuals of the contact zones and reference populations were revealed also in germination potentials of their seeds. Significantly higher proportions of germinating seeds was found in the reference populations of P. mugo and P. sylvestris than in their contact zones. Contrary to seed quality parameters mentioned above, the fractions of filled but non-germinating seeds and amounts of empty seeds were higher in contact zones than in the parental species populations, indicating higher frequency occurrence of abortive embryogenesis in the former. The lower fertility characteristics of the individuals from contact zones indicate their hybrid nature.","PeriodicalId":21834,"journal":{"name":"Silvae Genetica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83467372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Advanced generation selection (AS) for the future breeding population (BP), becam a focus of tree breeders‘ thinking in the mid 1970s., particularly with Pinus radiata in New Zealand (NZ). Multitrait selection among families was generally recommended, but this reduced genetic variation in the future breeding population. From Shaw and Hood‘s (1985) stochastic simulation, later confirmed by Rosvall, Lindgren and Mullin‘s (1998) stochastic simulation on Norway spruce, it was realised that selecting within families rather than among families of a new breeding population avoided any reduction of genetic variation in the BP. Heritabilities were low for seedling within-family selection but clonal replication within families should strongly increase heritabilities. Gains from cloned versus seedling populations of equal numbers of plants were also deterministically simulated (Shelbourne et al. 2007), and balanced (within-family) selection gains from the cloned populations were all higher than seedling equivalents at heritabilities of 0.5 and under. The late P.A. Jefferson‘s (2016) Breeding Management Plan (which will be soon superceded) contains a re description of New Zealand (NZ) radiata pine breeding. Selections were made in crosses from the earlier program and OP see and scion material were collected from all 360 selections. OP family tests of selections have been planted at 11 sites in NZ and 7 in New South Wales and Tasmania, and scions of their female parents have all been grafted at an archive. Crosses made in the archive are being cloned and the programme was committed to within-family selection to retain genetic variance for the future closed breeding population. Clonally-replicated testing paired with within-family selection is the solution for balancing long-term gain and diversity in BP and PP.
{"title":"Maintaining genetic variation in breeding populations of Radiata pine in New Zealand","authors":"C. Shelbourne","doi":"10.2478/sg-2019-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sg-2019-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Advanced generation selection (AS) for the future breeding population (BP), becam a focus of tree breeders‘ thinking in the mid 1970s., particularly with Pinus radiata in New Zealand (NZ). Multitrait selection among families was generally recommended, but this reduced genetic variation in the future breeding population. From Shaw and Hood‘s (1985) stochastic simulation, later confirmed by Rosvall, Lindgren and Mullin‘s (1998) stochastic simulation on Norway spruce, it was realised that selecting within families rather than among families of a new breeding population avoided any reduction of genetic variation in the BP. Heritabilities were low for seedling within-family selection but clonal replication within families should strongly increase heritabilities. Gains from cloned versus seedling populations of equal numbers of plants were also deterministically simulated (Shelbourne et al. 2007), and balanced (within-family) selection gains from the cloned populations were all higher than seedling equivalents at heritabilities of 0.5 and under. The late P.A. Jefferson‘s (2016) Breeding Management Plan (which will be soon superceded) contains a re description of New Zealand (NZ) radiata pine breeding. Selections were made in crosses from the earlier program and OP see and scion material were collected from all 360 selections. OP family tests of selections have been planted at 11 sites in NZ and 7 in New South Wales and Tasmania, and scions of their female parents have all been grafted at an archive. Crosses made in the archive are being cloned and the programme was committed to within-family selection to retain genetic variance for the future closed breeding population. Clonally-replicated testing paired with within-family selection is the solution for balancing long-term gain and diversity in BP and PP.","PeriodicalId":21834,"journal":{"name":"Silvae Genetica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76807966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crusty E. Tinio, S. Ueno, K. Uchiyama, L. S. J. Maldia, N. Tomaru
Abstract Twenty polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed, using Next Generation Sequencing (Illumina), from genomic DNA of Parashorea malaanonan, a species of the Dipterocarpaceae which is ecologically and economically important in the Philippines. Thirty adult trees from a natural population were used to assess the success of PCR amplification and the degree of polymorphism. The number of alleles per locus varied from three to 13, and observed and expected heterozygosity varied from 0.200 to 0.808 and from 0.301 to 0.890 respectively. Total exclusion probabilities for the first and second parents over the 20 loci were 0.99932499 and 0.99999723 respectively. The high level of polymorphism at these loci makes it possible to obtain precise estimates of genetic parameters and thus the markers will help in studies on population genetics, conservation genetics, and molecular ecology of P. malaanonan.
{"title":"Development of microsatellite markers from genomic DNA of Parashorea malaanonan (Dipterocarpaceae) using next-generation sequencing","authors":"Crusty E. Tinio, S. Ueno, K. Uchiyama, L. S. J. Maldia, N. Tomaru","doi":"10.2478/sg-2019-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sg-2019-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Twenty polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed, using Next Generation Sequencing (Illumina), from genomic DNA of Parashorea malaanonan, a species of the Dipterocarpaceae which is ecologically and economically important in the Philippines. Thirty adult trees from a natural population were used to assess the success of PCR amplification and the degree of polymorphism. The number of alleles per locus varied from three to 13, and observed and expected heterozygosity varied from 0.200 to 0.808 and from 0.301 to 0.890 respectively. Total exclusion probabilities for the first and second parents over the 20 loci were 0.99932499 and 0.99999723 respectively. The high level of polymorphism at these loci makes it possible to obtain precise estimates of genetic parameters and thus the markers will help in studies on population genetics, conservation genetics, and molecular ecology of P. malaanonan.","PeriodicalId":21834,"journal":{"name":"Silvae Genetica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84312982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Pistacia chinensis Bunge (Anacardiaceae) is a native, dioecious, perennial arbor, and an important bioenergy plant. Twelve microsatellite markers were developed for P. chinensis to evaluate genetic diversity and population genetic structure when this species was subject to landscape fragmentation. Twelve polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed in P. chinensis using a microsatellite-enriched genomic library based on magnetic beads. These loci were characterized in 24 individuals from three populations located on Thousand Island Lake, Zhejiang Province, China. The number of alleles per locus varied from three to sixteen. The observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.1250 to 0.8750 and 0.2333 to 0.8917, respectively. These microsatellite loci will be applied in further studies on the population genetic diversity and genetic structure of P. chinensis. This study will improve understanding of the effects of landscape fragmentation, and help conserve and manage the species.
{"title":"Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci for Pistacia chinensis Bunge (Anacardiaceae)","authors":"Z. Ding, Jianbo Lu","doi":"10.2478/sg-2019-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sg-2019-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pistacia chinensis Bunge (Anacardiaceae) is a native, dioecious, perennial arbor, and an important bioenergy plant. Twelve microsatellite markers were developed for P. chinensis to evaluate genetic diversity and population genetic structure when this species was subject to landscape fragmentation. Twelve polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed in P. chinensis using a microsatellite-enriched genomic library based on magnetic beads. These loci were characterized in 24 individuals from three populations located on Thousand Island Lake, Zhejiang Province, China. The number of alleles per locus varied from three to sixteen. The observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.1250 to 0.8750 and 0.2333 to 0.8917, respectively. These microsatellite loci will be applied in further studies on the population genetic diversity and genetic structure of P. chinensis. This study will improve understanding of the effects of landscape fragmentation, and help conserve and manage the species.","PeriodicalId":21834,"journal":{"name":"Silvae Genetica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87903184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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