Small Structures最新文献

{"title":"Universal Synthesis of Core–Shell-Structured Ordered Mesoporous Transition Metal Dichalcogenides/Metal Oxides Heterostructures with Active Edge Sites","authors":"Zhenliang Li, Yujian Rao, Zhehan Wang, Tuo Zhang, Guodong Wu, Litao Sun, Yuan Ren, Li Tao","doi":"10.1002/sstr.202400376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sstr.202400376","url":null,"abstract":"Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are widely used in interfacial reactions and electronic devices due to their tunable bandgap and high efficiency of carrier transport. However, the lack of fully exposed active sites in bulk samples or stacked nanosheets leads to limited performances. In this work, a general method is developed to construct ordered mesoporous TMDs/metal oxides (OM-TMDs/MOs) heterostructures, including WS<sub>2</sub>/WO<sub>3</sub>, WSe<sub>2</sub>/WO<sub>3</sub>, WTe<sub>2</sub>/WO<sub>3</sub>, MoS<sub>2</sub>/MoO<sub>3</sub>, and V<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, through one-step thermal sulfurization (selenidation/tellurization) of self-assembled amphiphilic block copolymer/polyoxometalates clusters nanocomposites with ordered mesostructures. The OM-TMDs/MOs possess highly OM structures with high specific surface area, large pore size, and rich active edge sites in the frameworks of heterostructures. The chemiresistive gas sensor based on OM-WS<sub>2</sub>/WO<sub>3</sub> shows excellent NO<sub>2</sub>-sensing performances at room temperature, with high sensitivity, ultrahigh selectivity (<span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/a3e5cd6e-ac04-41a3-b6e2-cce80c9d4d74/sstr202400376-math-0001.png\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"3\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/sstr202400376-math-0001.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\"0,3\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper S Subscript NO Sub Subscript 2\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"4\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: -0.15em; margin-left: -0.032em;\"><mjx-mrow size=\"s\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\"1,2\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"4\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\"><mjx-mrow><mjx-mtext data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-type=\"text\"><mjx-c></mjx-c><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mtext></mjx-mrow><mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: -0.15em;\"><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\" size=\"s\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-script></mjx-msub></mjx-mrow></mjx-script></mjx-msub></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:26884062:media:sstr202400376:sstr202400376-math-0001\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/sstr202400376-math-0001.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><semantics><","PeriodicalId":21841,"journal":{"name":"Small Structures","volume":"425 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142218409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking Models of DNA Organization in Micrometer-Sized Chromosomes from the Perspective of the Nanoproperties of Chromatin Favoring a Multilayer Structure","authors":"Joan-Ramon Daban","doi":"10.1002/sstr.202400203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sstr.202400203","url":null,"abstract":"The long genomic DNA molecules in eukaryotes are fragile and prone to entanglement, and must be tightly folded to fit into the micrometric dimensions of mitotic chromosomes. Histones transform the monotonous linear structure of double-helical DNA into a chromatin filament formed by many nucleosomes. A physically consistent model for the packaging of the chromatin filament must be compatible with all the constraints imposed by the structural properties of chromosomes. It has to be compatible with 1) the high concentration of DNA and the elongated cylindrical shape of chromosomes and 2) the known self-associative properties of chromatin, and also with 3) an effective protection of chromosomal DNA from topological entanglement and mechanical breakage. The multilayer chromosome model, in which a repetitive weak interaction between nucleosomes at the nanoscale produces the stacking of many chromatin layers, is compatible with all these constraints. The self-organization of the multilayer structure of the whole chromosome is consistent with current knowledge of the self-assembly of micrometric structures from different repetitive building blocks. The multilayer model justifies the geometry of chromosome bands and translocations, and is compatible with feasible physical mechanisms for the control of gene expression, and for DNA replication, repair, and segregation to daughter cells.","PeriodicalId":21841,"journal":{"name":"Small Structures","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142218331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Directionally Cracked Mesoporous Colloidal Films by Manipulating Notch Angles and Their Anisotropic Wicking Behavior","authors":"Yunchan Lee, Min-Gi Jo, Seongwoo Jeon, Chorong Kim, Jaekyoung Kim, Sanghyuk Wooh, Kee-Youn Yoo, Hyunsik Yoon","doi":"10.1002/sstr.202400159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sstr.202400159","url":null,"abstract":"Wicking in porous media, such as the spreading of ink on paper or the absorption of moisture by fabric, occurs when water interacts with hydrophilic porous materials through capillary action and evaporation. The directional nature of the wicking phenomenon can be leveraged for various advanced applications, including enhanced heat transfer, colorimetric devices, energy harvesting, and microfluidics. Herein, crack generation is used to induce the anisotropic wicking of water on isolated mesoporous strips. The strips are fabricated by transforming isotropic cracks into anisotropic ones in micropyramid arrays using the <i>Poisson</i> effect in elastomeric blocks. Stretching an elastomeric block increases the period of a pyramid array along one direction while decreasing it in the perpendicular direction because of elastomer shrinkage. This amplifies the difference in the notch angles of pyramidal edges between parallel and perpendicular directions relative to the stretching axis. Consequently, the disparity in notch angles leads to preferential crack generation owing to elevated stress localization on the sharpened notches. Directional wicking is demonstrated using anisotropic strips of mesoporous TiO₂ colloidal films and highly anisotropic wicking of ink is illustrated by coating hydrophobic films on mesoporous strips. The anisotropic wicking observed in cracked mesoporous strips can serve as 1D microfluidic channels.","PeriodicalId":21841,"journal":{"name":"Small Structures","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142218361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Netting Crystal Nuclei in Metal–Organic Framework Cavities","authors":"Alan Braschinsky, Toby J. Blundell, Jonathan W. Steed","doi":"10.1002/sstr.202400300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sstr.202400300","url":null,"abstract":"Nucleation plays an important role in crystallization outcomes, but it is still poorly understood because it occurs on short timescales and small size scales. Consequently, nucleation mechanisms are still challenging to comprehend and predict. Gaining a better understanding, and potentially control, over nucleation pathways, can significantly aid toward more consistent and targeted crystallization outcomes. To achieve this, facile methods that allow for an accurate depiction and analysis of nucleus-sized clusters are needed. Herein, the use of crystalline metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is reported to entrap clusters of small organic molecules, allowing for an accurate representation of the size and shape of the confined clusters via single-crystal X-Ray diffraction analysis. This is realized by synthesizing high-quality single crystals of lanthanum-based MOFs, which provides well-defined pore spaces for the encapsulation of guest molecules. The results show that the size and shape of the guest molecular clusters within MOFs significantly differ from their bulk equivalents, suggesting that this method can also be used toward discovering novel polymorphs. Additionally, the findings indicate that these small molecular clusters form via intermolecular interactions that do not always dominate the bulk packing, shedding new light on the initial molecular aggregation mechanisms of precritical nuclei.","PeriodicalId":21841,"journal":{"name":"Small Structures","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142218364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking Water Splitting Activity by Cocatalyst Identity in SrTiO3","authors":"Nursaya Zhumabay, Jeremy A. Bau, Rafia Ahmad, Laurentiu Braic, Huabin Zhang, Luigi Cavallo, Magnus Rueping","doi":"10.1002/sstr.202400283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sstr.202400283","url":null,"abstract":"Photocatalytic water splitting is the most idealistic route to green hydrogen production, but the extensive material requirements for this reaction make it difficult to realize good photocatalysts. Noble metal cocatalysts are often added to photocatalysts to aid in charge separation and improve surface kinetics for H₂ evolution. Herein, the high activity of the promising photocatalyst Al-doped SrTiO₃ is demonstrated to be ultimately dependent on the cocatalyst used as much as the presence of Al dopant. By tracking the band energetics of photocatalyst electrodes using operando electrochemical attenuated total reflectance surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy, cocatalysts (especially Rh) are found to shift the quasi-Fermi levels and metal-semiconductor flat-band potentials of photocatalysts in an anodic direction. Furthermore, the size of the shift directly correlates with overall water splitting activity, demonstrating that SrTiO₃ becomes more active as photogenerated electrons are stabilized further from the conduction band. Rh on Al-doped SrTiO₃ provides the most advantageous band tailoring as confirmed by density functional theory and is experimentally found to provide this effect by eliminating Ti³⁺-related surface traps in the presence of Al dopants. Therefore, the effect of cocatalysts on water splitting activity is more complicated than previously thought.","PeriodicalId":21841,"journal":{"name":"Small Structures","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142218407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Double Anthracene-Based Sensitizers for High-Efficiency Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells under Both Sunlight and Indoor Light","authors":"Faraghally A. Faraghally, Ahmed Fouad Musa, Ching-Chin Chen, Yu-Hsuan Chen, Yan-Da Chen, Chen-Yu Yeh, Tzu-Chien Wei","doi":"10.1002/sstr.202400236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sstr.202400236","url":null,"abstract":"The development of photosensitizers with extended <i>π</i>-conjugation and spectral matching to sunlight and fluorescent light is crucial for achieving high power conversion efficiency (PCE) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). This study presents a series of novel anthracene-based photosensitizers, <b>AMO1–AMO4</b>. This series has been designed with bulky modified Hagfeldt donors to suppress undesired molecular aggregation, double anthracene groups for enhanced π-conjugation, acetylene groups for improved molecular planarity, and four distinct acceptors to fine-tune their photophysical and electrochemical properties. The performance of the novel dyes in DSSCs is investigated using two copper redox shuttles, Cu^I/II(dmp)₂ and Cu^I/II(dmodmbp)₂. Among the investigated dyes, <b>AMO2</b> mediated with Cu^I/II(dmodmbp)₂ exhibits the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.05% (<i>J</i>_SC = 13.72 mA cm ², <i>V</i>_OC = 1.035 V, and FF = 0.71) under sunlight illumination and an outstanding PCE of 34.64% under T5 illumination (6000 lux). These achievements underscore the remarkable potential of anthracene-bridged sensitized DSSCs in indoor and outdoor applications.","PeriodicalId":21841,"journal":{"name":"Small Structures","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142218363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning Surface Chemistry in 2D Layered BiOI by Facile Liquid-Phase Exfoliation for Enhanced Photoelectrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution","authors":"Mengjiao Wang, Jaime Gallego, Micaela Pozzati, Teresa Gatti","doi":"10.1002/sstr.202400275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sstr.202400275","url":null,"abstract":"BiOI is a promising photoelectrocatalyst for oxidation reactions. However, the limited photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) activity necessitates the development of new strategies to modify its surface chemistry and thus enhance functional properties. Herein, we present a simple method to increase photocurrent in a BiOI-based photoanode by exfoliating microspheres of the oxyhalide produced through hydrothermal synthesis. Following exfoliation in isopropanol, the resulting layered BiOI-based colloid contains a greater variety of species, including Bi₂O₂CO₃, I₃⁻, IO₃⁻, Bi⁵⁺, and hydroxides, compared to the original BiOI. These additional species do not directly enhance the PEC oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance. Instead, they are consumed or converted during PEC OER, resulting in more active sites on the photoelectrode and reduced resistance, which ultimately improves the water oxidation performance of the exfoliated BiOI. Over long-term chronoamperometry, the exfoliated BiOI demonstrates a photocurrent twice as high as that of the BiOI microspheres. Analysis of the species after PEC OER reveals that the combination of IO₃⁻, Bi⁵⁺, and I₃⁻ species on the BiOI is beneficial for charge transfer, thus enhancing the intrinsic PEC properties of the BiOI. This study offers new insights into the role of surface chemistry in determining PEC performance, aiding the optimization of 2D materials-based photoelectrocatalysts.","PeriodicalId":21841,"journal":{"name":"Small Structures","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142218411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"pH-Sensitive Magnetic Nanoparticle-Mediated Natural-Killer-Cell-Based Microrobots for Dual-Targeted Delivery and Induction of Pro-Inflammatory Macrophage Polarization","authors":"Van Du Nguyen, Jieun Park, Seoyeon Choi, Kim Tien Nguyen, Hyungwoo Kim, Jong-Oh Park, Eunpyo Choi","doi":"10.1002/sstr.202400149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sstr.202400149","url":null,"abstract":"Adoptive cell therapy using natural killer (NK) cells emerges as the next-generation cancer immunotherapy. Based on the intrinsic capability of direct cancer cell necrosis without prior education, a chemotherapeutic, free-drug delivery, NK-cell-based platform can be developed. However, weak targeting of NK cells to solid tumors is observed. In addition, to boost the tumor-killing efficiency, another immune-regulating function should be added to the cells. Herein, a NK-cell-based hybrid system (NK-Robot) conjugated with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) that provides 1) efficient guidance of NK cells and 2) targeted delivery of MNPs in situ is demonstrated, taking advantage of a newly designed, stimuli-responsive polymeric linker. Thus, NK cells are allowed to target tumors under magnetic control conditions, and the liberated MNPs effectively reeducate the tumor-associated macrophages (M2) to antitumor macrophages (M1), beneficial for the immunotherapy of tumors. In vivo experiments on BALB/c nude mice further support the finding that NK-Robots effectively inhibit tumor growth.","PeriodicalId":21841,"journal":{"name":"Small Structures","volume":"165 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142218358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoupling Volatile and Nonvolatile Response in Reliable Halide Perovskite Memristors","authors":"Naresh-Kumar Pendyala, Cedric Gonzales, Antonio Guerrero","doi":"10.1002/sstr.202400380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sstr.202400380","url":null,"abstract":"Halide perovskite is very attractive for the fabrication of energy-efficient memristors for neuromorphic applications. However, reproducibility, stability, and understanding the switching behavior still lag in comparison to other technologies. Herein, a deep-level understanding of perovskite memristors is obtained by the development of highly reproducible devices. The approach is based on a highly stable perovskite formulation (MAPbBr₃) and the use of preoxidized silver (AgI) as a buffer layer. Here, reliable perovskite memristors with device yields approaching 100%, stabilities of &gt;10⁴ cycles for volatile response, and adequate conditions for linear potentiation/depression for nonvolatile response are demonstrated. Using these devices, the nature of the dual volatile and nonvolatile response is understood. It is shown that applying short SET voltage (<i>V</i>_SET) pulses leads to ion displacement inside the perovskite material with the formation of an ionic double layer close to the contacts. The displacement of the ions contributes to the series resistance of the device and to a volatile response with ions diffusing back to the perovskite at <i>V</i> &lt; <i>V</i>_SET. Alternatively, long <i>V</i>_SET pulses lead to a gradual increase in current, the appearance of a chemical inductor, and a nonvolatile response. The observed nonvolatile regime is related to the formation of Ag⁺ conductive filaments.","PeriodicalId":21841,"journal":{"name":"Small Structures","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142218332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrahigh Breakdown Field in Gallium (III) Oxide Dielectric Structure Fabricated by Novel Aerosol Deposition Method","authors":"Jun-Woo Lee, Jong Ho Won, Woosup Kim, Jwa-Bin Jeon, Myung-Yeon Cho, Sunghoon Kim, Minkyung Kim, Chulhwan Park, Weon Ho Shin, Kanghee Won, Sang-Mo Koo, Jong-Min Oh","doi":"10.1002/sstr.202400321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sstr.202400321","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing demand for modern high-voltage electronic devices in electric vehicles and renewable-energy systems, power semiconductor devices with high breakdown fields are becoming essential. β-Gallium oxide (Ga₂O₃), which has a theoretical breakdown field of 8 MV cm⁻¹, is being studied as a next-generation power-switch material. However, realizing a breakdown field close to this theoretical value remains challenging. In this study, an aerosol deposition-manufactured Ga₂O₃ film boasting an extremely high breakdown field, achieved through thickness optimization, heat treatment, and a unique nozzle-tilting method, is developed. This study explores the effect of oxygen vacancies on the dielectric constant, breakdown field, and microstructure of Ga₂O₃ films. Through these methods, Ga₂O₃ films with a denser (98.88%) and uniform surface, made less affected by oxygen vacancies through nozzle tilting and post-annealing at 800 °C, are produced, resulting in appropriate dielectric constants (9.3 at 10 kHz), low leakage currents (5.8 × 10⁻¹¹A cm⁻² at 20 kV cm⁻¹), and a very high breakdown field of 5.5 MV cm⁻¹. The results of this study suggest that aerosol-deposited Ga₂O₃ layers have great potential to enable power switches with reliable switching.","PeriodicalId":21841,"journal":{"name":"Small Structures","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142218334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}