Sleep Science最新文献

Objective  Infant sleep problems are ranked as one of the leading sources of stress for many families. The present study was conducted to determine the effective factors related to sleep disorders in infants under 12 months old. Materials and Methods  In this cross-sectional study, 410 infants who were referred to the sleep department were evaluated. The Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) was used to assess the infants' sleep patterns. Statistical tests such as analysis of variance (ANOVA), Chi-squared, and linear regression analysis were used to compare the mean and percentage across the infant age groups and to determine the risk factors related to infant sleep disorders. Results  Out of 410 infants, 289 (70.5%) had at least 1 of the symptoms of sleep disorder. The highest and lowest percentages for sleep disorders were related to "waking for more than 1 hour at night" and "sleeping less than 540 minutes in 24 hours" with 50% and 23.7%, respectively. The results of the linear regression analysis showed that the factors of age (β = -1.04; 95% CI; -1.55-0.53) and parent perception (β = -0.31; 95% CI; 0.24-0.37) had significant effects on infant sleep disorders. Conclusion  The percentage of infant sleep disorder was rather high among the samples studied, and the age and parent perception variables were recognized as effective factors related to sleep disorder. Health providers and medical staff need to pay more attention to providing the necessary interventions considering infants' age and parents' perception.

Understanding the relationship between chronotype and waist circumference (WC) has implications for metabolic health management. The present article overviews the available literature, the knowledge gaps, and the insights for future research. We conducted a search on the Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed electronic databases and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews. A total of 33 articles were included in the review. The studies primarily identified that people with the evening chronotype presented a higher mean WC compared to those with the morning chronotype. However, the difference was not significant in all studies. A significant positive correlation of the WC with chronotype scores denoting eveningness was found in 88% of the studies. The cut-off values on the scales to categorize subjects into different chronotypes may need to be defined for communities living across the globe. We conclude that higher WC values are associated with eveningness. However, this finding should be validated using objective measures of chronotype assessment.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of allocating positive airway pressure nap (PAP-NAP) prior to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) trial compared with CPAP trial alone in improving CPAP therapy adherence among individuals diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in our Southeast Asian cohort.

Materials and methods: A total of 133 adults with OSA were divided into 2 groups: 1 received PAP-NAP before a CPAP trial, and the other underwent a CPAP trial alone. The correlation between CPAP adherence and polysomnographic data was investigated.

Results: The PAP-NAP group showed better CPAP compliance (above 90%) and adherence (66.64% ± 31.96%) compared with the CPAP-only group (57.90% ± 34.86%). Both groups experienced reductions in apnea hypopnea index (AHI), with the PAP-NAP group having lower residual AHI. Compliance was defined as usage of CPAP > 4H in 14 days.

Conclusion: Positive airway pressure naps prior to a CPAP trial increases short-term CPAP adherence and influences mask selection. Personalized CPAP approaches like PAP-NAP can enhance patient acceptance and motivation. Further research is recommended to investigate long-term adherence.

Objective: To assess the sleep quality and duration among junior physicians in Paraguay during the month and night prior to their assessment for entry into primary specialty medical residency programs.

Materials and methods: A self-administered survey based on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was distributed to junior physicians after their National Commission for Medical Residencies (Comisión Nacional de Residencias Médicas - CONAREM, in Spanish) written evaluation. The survey collected data on sleep patterns during the month and night prior to the assessment. The responses were analyzed and matched with physicians' CONAREM scores.

Results: The response rate of the survey was 66.3% (270/407 physicians). Among the participants, 150 (55.5%) reported a very poor sleep quality (PSQI > 10). Women scored significantly higher on the PSQI ( p  = 0.013). A significant association was found between the quality of sleep on the night prior to the CONAREM evaluation and the reported evaluation scores (F-test = 3.55, degree of freedom [df] = 3, p  = 0.019). In fact, the night before the written evaluation, 215 participants (79.6%) slept for ≤ 6 hours. A linear relationship was found between the duration of sleep of physicians in the night before the CONAREM written evaluation and the total score obtained in that evaluation (r = 0.200, p  < 0.001), suggesting that the more hours they slept, the higher the score they reported.

Conclusion: The quality and duration of junior physicians' sleep the night before the high-stakes evaluation positively correlated with their performance scores. These findings highlight the importance of adequate sleep for optimal cognitive performance in high-stress situations.

Objective  Chronic light exposure is associated with poorer mental and physical health. Many groups are chronically exposed to light due to their work schedule, including night-shift nurses. The present study aims to determine if middle-aged female mice have an increased vulnerability to chronic light exposure compared with younger individuals. Materials and Methods  Young and middle-age female mice were housed in cages with or without running wheels and were exposed to either a 12:12-hour light:dark cycle or constant light (LL). All mice were assayed for circadian locomotor activity and anxiety-like behaviors, and weight, food consumption, and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) levels were measured. Results  Middle-aged mice exhibited longer circadian periods in LL, reduced circadian power, and increased food consumption compared with young mice. LL increased novelty-induced activity and reduced ERβ regardless of age. Discussion  These results indicate that middle-aged females may have an increased susceptibility to the negative circadian consequences caused by constant bright light exposure.

Objective: Chronic insomnia is associated with various functional and mental health impairments. The present study aimed to evaluate variables potentially associated with insomnia in a Brazilian sample.

Materials and methods: The study was conducted in a psychiatric hospital of a public medical school in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The sample included 1,435 adults with a mean age of 38.3 years. Participants were divided into two groups: one with individuals diagnosed with insomnia (according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition and the Insomnia Severity Index) and a comparison group without the diagnosis. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess psychopathological variables (anxiety and depression) and sociodemographic and anthropometric questionnaires to provide further characterization of the sample. Multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results: Male sex and lacking a university degree were associated with increased odds of insomnia, with average increases of 1.93 and 1.89, respectively. Each additional year of age and each additional point on the depression and anxiety increased the likelihood of insomnia by averages of 1.05, 1.18, and 1.40, respectively.

Conclusion: This study provides evidence of associations between biopsychosocial factors and insomnia, suggesting the potential for developing preventive and treatment protocols for this condition.

Objective  This study aimed to compare sleep, musculoskeletal injuries, and testosterone and cortisol levels in different training stages in adolescent athletes, and to investigate the association between these variables. Materials and Methods  The study has a prospective cohort design, and the sample consisted of 19 adolescent track and field athletes. They were followed for six months, with evaluations done at three different training phases: preparatory, competitive, and post-competitive. In each phase, we evaluated their sleep through actigraphy for 10 days and testosterone and cortisol levels through saliva samples. The incidence of injuries was obtained through the physical therapy department. Results  In the post-competitive phase, the athletes presented a longer total sleep time (TST) than the competitive phase. Moreover, a shorter wakefulness after sleep onset was observed in the post-competitive and competitive phases compared with the preparatory phase. Furthermore, cortisol levels were higher in the preparatory phase than in the post-competition phase. On the other hand, no differences were observed in the incidence of injuries and testosterone, nor was there a correlation between the variables. Discussion  Adolescent track and field athletes had a higher TST in the post-competitive phase and more fragmented sleep in the pre-competitive and competitive phases. On the other hand, higher cortisol was observed in the preparatory phase, however, there were no correlations between sleep, hormones, and the incidence of injuries.

Improvements in sleep quality and depressive symptoms are considered a cornerstone of adult health. Physical exercise is one of the interventions used to treat people with sleep disorders and improve mental health. However, there is no standardization regarding the physical exercise protocols and their effects on sleep quality and depressive symptoms in adults. The present study aims to verify, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, the effect of physical exercise on sleep quality and symptoms of depression in adults. This study adhered to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). The PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases were used to identify relevant original articles and clinical trials. Analysis was performed with Review Manager (RevMan) software (The Cochrane Collaboration, London, United Kingdom), version 5.4. The study included men and women over 18-years-old, with physical exercise as the intervention. The studies included pre- and postevaluation of sleep quality and depressive symptoms. A total of 931 articles were found, of which 15 met the eligibility criteria, encompassing 940 participants. Physical exercise significantly improved sleep quality (mean difference: -1.19; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: -1.66 to -0.73) and depressive symptoms (mean difference: -3.51; 95%CI: -4.66 to -2.36). Aerobic exercise was the most common and effective for both outcomes. Thus, physical exercise was effective in improving sleep quality and depressive symptoms in adults. Additional studies, however, should be performed to confirm these findings.

Objective: To assess the relationships involving the habit of napping and the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.

Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 563 participants (mean age: 45.0 ± 8.5 years; 56.7% of female subjects). The variables assessed were sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle and health habits, clinical variables, and napping habits (intentionality and allocation on weekdays or on weekends). The statistical tests used were the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests followed by Dunn's post-hoc test and Pearson's Chi-squared. Modified multiple Poisson regression models and multiple linear regression models were adjusted.

Results: In total, 56.6% of the participants napped (43.2% during the week and 51.8% on weekends). Unintentional napping predominated on weekdays (22.6%), and intentional napping on weekends (29.7%). Those who intentionally napped on weekdays presented higher serum lipid profile values; those who napped unintentionally on weekdays or on weekends presented higher glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values. Age, education, race, marital status, alcohol consumption, and physical activity were associated with increased body mass index (BMI), HbA1c, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. Intentional and unintentional napping remained independent risk factors for increased HbA1c and lipid profile.

Conclusion: Naps can represent a warning sign for health professionals to start or maintain an individual's follow-up. The present study contributes to the literature by identifying that the habit of intentional napping, especially on weekdays, is associated with changes in the lipid profile.