Sleep Science最新文献

The present study used four different methods to estimate fatigue. Forty-seven volunteers (45 men and 2 women), 41.3 ± 7.5 years old, truck operators for 11.5 ± 6.0 years, were included. All participants accepted the invitation to be included in the study. Actigraphy and core temperature were evaluated. The 5-minute psychomotor vigilance test, the Karolinksa Sleepiness Scale (KSS), and the postural assessment using the Light Sonometer™ (Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil) were performed. Fatigue prediction was performed using the Fatigue Avoidance Scheduling Tool (FAST) program. In response to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), 51.06% had good sleep quality and 48.94% had poor sleep quality with an average efficiency of 81.6%. In response to the actigraphy, workers slept an average of 7.2 hours a day with 93.5% efficiency. The workers' core body temperature (CBT) cosinor analysis showed a preserved circadian curve. Core body temperature showed differences between the 6 hours worked in each shift. Similarly, the light sound level meter showed lower risk scores for fatigue in day shifts. Only the variable of the fastest 10% of the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) showed worse results, while no significant differences were observed by the KSS. The risk analysis by FAST showed a strong influence of the circadian factor. In conclusion, each method has positive and negative points, and it is up to the evaluator/manager to identify the method that best suits the purpose of the evaluation, as well as the local culture and conditions. We recommend using different methods of risk assessment and management in combination with fatigue prediction by Sonometer as well as carrying out assessments, which enable researchers to estimate performance and fatigue throughout the working day, since these may change over the duration of the working day.

Introduction  Portable respiratory monitoring (PM) has been used to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the general population. However, its validation in patients with both OSA and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), remains unclear. Objective  The aim of the study was to validate PM for the diagnosis of OSA in patients with COPD. Materials and Methods  In this crossectional study, COPD patients were submitted simultaneously to polysomnography (PSG) and PM. Moreover, the risk for OSA was verified by the Berlin, NoSAS, and STOP-BANG questionnaires. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for PM were calculated for the cutoff points of the hypopnea apnea index (AHI) of 5, 15, and 30 events/hour, as well as for the questionnaires. The Bland-Altman test and correlation analyses between the AHI of the PSG and PM were performed. Results  A total of 103 patients were evaluated (age 67.5 ± 9.9 years, 60% men). The STOP-BANG questionnaire had the highest sensitivity for OSA diagnosis, at 94.4% (72.7-99.9%). The sensitivity of PM decreased (87.0, 66.7, and 44.4%), and the specificity increased 40.0, 78.6, and 100.0%) as the AHI cutoff point increased from 5, 15, and 30. The Bland-Altman test indicated good limits of agreement (AHI = 5.5 ± 11.7 events/hour). Therefore, the AHI results of the PM showed a strong and positive correlation with those of the PSG (r = 0.70, p  < 0.0001). Conclusion  The PM test can be a useful tool for OSA diagnosis in patients with COPD.

Objective  To investigate sleep disorders among children with atopic dermatitis (AD), before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Materials and Methods  The present longitudinal, prospective study included 26 patients with AD, and the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) questionnaire and questions about sleep hygiene were used. The severity of AD was determined by the Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM). The first evaluation was conducted before the pandemic (in 2019) and the second, during the pandemic, from September to December 2020. Results  Sleep disorder was present in 17 (65.38%) patients in the 1st evaluation, and in 11 (42.30%) in the 2nd ( p  = 0.04). In the 1st evaluation, disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep (DIMSs) were more frequent in patients with moderate-to-severe AD (83.33%). During the pandemic, 6 patients (23.07%) reported improvement in sleep quality. Conclusion  Sleep quality was negatively influenced by the severity of AD. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was improvement in sleep quality, despite the absence of changes in disease severity.

Objective  To evaluate which condition of sleep debt has a greater negative impact on insulin resistance: sleep deprivation for 24 hours or 4 hours of sleep restriction for 4 nights. Materials and Methods  In total, 28 healthy male subjects aged 18 to 40 years were recruited and randomly allocated to two groups: sleep deprivation (SD) and sleep restriction (SR). Each group underwent two conditions: regular sleep (11 pm to 7 am ) and total sleep deprivation for 24 hours (SD); regular sleep (11 pm to 7 am ) and 4 nights of sleep restriction (SR) (1 am to 5 am ). The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed, and baseline glucose, insulin, free fatty acids (FFAs), and cortisol were measured. In addition, the area under the curve (AUC) for glucose and insulin, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and the Matsuda Index (Insulin Sensitivity Index, ISI) were calculated. Results  Glucose and insulin had a similar pattern between groups, except at the baseline, when insulin was higher in the sleep debt condition of the SR when compared with the SD ( p  < 0.01). In the comparison between regular sleep and sleep debt, the SD had a higher insulin AUC ( p  < 0.01) and FFAs ( p  = 0.03) after sleep deprivation, and insulin and the insulin AUC increased ( p  < 0.01 for both), while the ISI decreased ( p  = 0.02) after sleep restriction in the SR. In baseline parameters covariate by the condition of regular sleep, insulin ( p  = 0.02) and the HOMA-IR ( p  < 0.01) were higher, and cortisol ( p  = 0.04) was lower after sleep restriction when compared with sleep deprivation. Conclusion  Sleep restriction for 4 consecutive nights is more detrimental to energy metabolism because of the higher insulin values and insulin resistance compared with an acute period of sleep deprivation of 24 hours.

Objective  Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by episodic cessations of breathing due to upper airway obstruction during sleep, which may cause disturbances in dietary patterns resulting from appetite-related hormonal changes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between OSAS and nutritional and dietary patterns. Materials and Methods  A total of 20 female and 53 male OSAS patients aged > 30 years were enrolled. Demographic data, as well as data on smoking and alcohol habits, were noted, anthropometric measures were made, and a questionnaire regarding chronic diseases including OSAS and four questionnaires on recent food intake frequency and content of nutrition were filled out. The content of nutrition was noted under seven categories: meat, legumes, milk and dairy products, fruits and vegetables, bread and cereals, fat and carbohydrates, and beverages. Results  The severity of OSAS (assessed by the apnea-hypopnea index. AHI) was positively correlated with the body mass index (BMI), the circumferences of the waist, chest, and buttocks, and, in males, with the circumference of the neck as well. There was no correlation between the AHI and nutritional habits in terms of the frequency of meals or snacks, the scores on the Snoring, Tiredness, Observed Apnea, and High Blood Pressure-Body Mass Index, Age, Neck Circumference, and Gender (STOP-BANG) Questionnaire and the corresponding macro- and micronutrients. Worsening apnea scores led to increased intake of macronutrients of carbohydrate and protein and micronutrients of niacin and pyridoxine ( p  < 0.05), and decreased intake of fat ( p  < 0.05). Conclusion  The present study demonstrated an association between OSAS severity and recent food intake, manifested in increased intake of carbohydrates, niacin, and pyridoxine, and decreased fat intake.

Objective  Different factors, such as medication use and shift work, can influence sleep quality. We aimed to determine the association between medication use and sleep quality in shift workers versus daytime workers. Materials and Methods  We conducted a quantitative cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of active workers. Online questionnaires were applied to assess sleep quality, sleepiness, medication use, and sociodemographic characteristics. Results  A total of 296 participants were included: 124 (41.89%) daytime workers and 172 (58.11%) shift workers. In total, 130 (43.92%) participants worked in the healthcare sector, 116 (39.19%), in industry, and 50 (16.89%), in other sectors. After a bivariate analysis, poor sleep quality was associated with the presence of sleep disorders ( p  < 0.001), type of work (shift or day work) ( p  < 0.001), and the use of sleeping medication ( p  < 0.001). Although shift workers had worse sleep quality, no differences were found regarding the use of medications that act directly on the central nervous system or with proven effects on sleep. No association was found between medication use and sleep quality. When adjusted for the different variables that were individually associated with poor sleep quality, through a logistic regression model, none showed an increased risk of poor sleep quality. Discussion  In spite of the need for further research, our results have shown that sleep quality is influenced by many different factors whose impact must be evaluated in combination, and not just in a bivariate manner. There are many factors individually associated with poor sleep quality, but when adjusted to each other, they have shown no increased risk of having poor sleep quality.

Background  Sleep disturbance is a major complaint among individuals with diabetes mellitus and may be augmented by dietary interventions. The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to determine the effectiveness of a Mediterranean diet intervention on daytime sleepiness among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Oman. Methods  In total, 134 eligible individuals with T2DM (61 and 73 participants in the intervention and control groups, respectively) were recruited. The intervention participants underwent a 6-month Mediterranean diet intervention consisting of individual dietary counseling, cooking classes, phone calls, and social media messages, while the control group continued with standard diabetes care. Daytime sleepiness was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. All data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results  Daytime sleepiness was evident, with ∼ 30% of the participants experiencing it, with no significant difference between control and intervention participants at baseline. There was a significant reduction in daytime sleepiness in both the intervention and control groups after 6 months, with daytime sleepiness significantly lower in the intervention group, with a modest difference of 42.56% ( p  < 0.001). Conclusion  Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is effective in reducing daytime sleepiness among individuals with T2DM. Clinical Trial  UMIN000041152.

Neuropsychiatric manifestations that have developed after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection have not been fully clarified yet. Persistent insomnia and consequent significant impairment in daily functioning is an unexpected symptom of COVID-19 infection. In this case report, a 13-year-old female patient who presented with complaint of insomnia starting with COVID-19 infection is discussed. The patient showed significant improvement with melatonin treatment and maintained her wellbeing in the follow-up. Melatonin may be a useful option to treat COVID-19-related brief insomnia in adolescents. Our case report will be a step forward to help clinicians examine the underlying neurovegetative mechanisms, such as sleep, to improve patients wellbeing. HEADINGS: COVID-19. Melatonin. Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders.

The objective of the present study was to describe the dietary inflammatory profile and its correlations with sleep parameters of obese individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Forty individuals underwent nocturnal polysomnography, anthropometric measurements, body composition by plethysmography, assessment of food consumption by three-day food records, and blood collection for the lipid, glycemic and hormonal profile. Food consumption data were evaluated semiquantitatively, quantitalively assessment, and calculation of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) was perfomed. The results demonstrated a predominantly proinflammatory dietary profile. The participants showed a low intake of fruit and vegetables. Additionally, a low consumption of fiber, magnesium, vitamin D, and vitamin E was observed, although there was an adequate distribution of macronutrients. In conclusion, although the inflammatory profile did not correlate with OSA, the study showed a directly proportional relationship between adequate dietary patterns and better sleep quality.