Sleep Science最新文献

Objective  To detect and characterize sleep quality profiles and to analyze their relationship with depression, anxiety, and stress in a sample of 1,861 Chilean students. Materials and Methods  After providing informed consent, the students filled out online questionnaires and received immediate feedback. Hierarchical cluster analyses were conducted to detect sleep quality profiles, which were characterized using the Kruskal-Wallis's test. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to correlate sleep quality profiles with mental health variables. The dendrogram revealed four distinct groups of interest, each with different patterns in the subscales of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results  The results enabled us to establish four sleep quality profiles based on hierarchical cluster analysis, which were, in different ways, associated with the prevalence of symptoms of mental health issues. A profile of good sleeper was found, which presents good overall sleep quality and mild symptoms of mental health issues. The effective sleeper profile presents poor subjective sleep quality and good sleep efficiency, with mild symptoms of mental health issues. The poor sleeper profile presents poor overall sleep quality, sleeping between 5 and 6 hours and presenting moderate symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. The sleeper with hypnotic use profile obtains the most deficient results in sleep quality and presents symptoms of severe mental health issues. Conclusions  The present study revealed a strong association and correlation between sleep quality profiles and mental health issues. Four distinct sleep quality profiles were identified, showing notable differences. This understanding enables the application of targeted preventive strategies according to each profile.

Sleep disturbances are prevalent in Parkinson disease (PD), encompassing a spectrum from parasomnias like REM sleep behavior disorder to symptoms of sleep-wake cycle dysregulation, such as insomnia and daytime sleepiness. This research investigates sleep quality in PD patients compared with a matched healthy control group and explores the relationships between PD clinical characteristics and sleep parameters. Additionally, the study assesses the reliability of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for PD patients by examining internal consistency. The study comprises 52 participants, 27 in the PD group and 25 in the healthy control group, matched for sex and age. Sleep quality revealed that PD patients experienced significantly poorer sleep quality than the control group ( p  = 0.009). Weak correlations were found between PSQI scores and the modified Hoehn and Yahr scale ( p  = 0.062), with no correlation observed with the daily equivalent dose of levodopa (L-DOPA). The prevalence of poor sleep quality (PSQI score > 5) was 85.1% for PD patients and 68% for the control group. The internal consistency analysis of the PSQI yielded a Cronbach's α of 0.588 for the PD group. While the PSQI demonstrates utility in detecting general sleep abnormalities and gauging patient perceptions of sleep quality in PD, its limitation as a global score is emphasized. The index prioritizes sleep habits and may not fully capture important sleep disorders in this population. These findings underscore the complex relationship between PD and sleep quality, suggesting the need for a comprehensive approach to assess and address sleep disturbances in PD patients.

Objective  To explore the preferences of medical practitioners concerning various medications and other remedies to manage insomnia, and to ascertain whether these preferences are associated with their respective medical specialties. Materials and Methods  Employing the snowball sampling technique, we administered two versions of a questionnaire to an international group of medical professionals, including trainees and specialists from diverse medical backgrounds. Results  Zopiclone, zolpidem, and mirtazapine were evaluated as the most effective treatments for insomnia, while physicians would typically avoid using other tricyclic antidepressants, dual orexin receptor antagonists, and tryptophan for insomnia treatment. Noteworthy statistical correlations between physicians' specialty and preferred drug therapy, were observed in three out of five cases: 1) first-line drug treatment for short-term intervention against insomnia; (2) second-line treatment for long-term intervention; and 3) cases involving the elderly. Discussion  Psychiatrists demonstrated a greater preference for antipsychotics and antidepressants for the treatment of insomnia compared with other physicians. Conversely, other medical professionals exhibited a preference for benzodiazepines and Z-drugs (zopiclone and zolpidem). Although Z-drugs were evaluated as the most effective in the treatment of insomnia, in the clinical practice, physicians administer or would administer antidepressant or antipsychotic drugs more often (mirtazapine and quetiapine respectively). Regarding Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonists (DORAs), the high prevalence of "Do not know/No opinion" answers implies that our sample was not familiar with this innovative treatment.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785522.].

Introduction  In-utero experience of violence through maternal experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) is a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes via 'biological programming,' whose effect can be mediated by sleep. We conducted a scoping review to synthesize the current evidence of the association between experiences of violence and sleep in women. Methods  Between August and October 2023, we conducted a search in four databases (PubMed, APA PsycInfo, Embase, and Web of Science) for peer-reviewed articles, using 11 inclusion and exclusion criteria. Any study published in English in peer-reviewed journals that conducted original research on the association between exposure to violence (lifetime IPV, IPV during the previous year, during and 1 year after pregnancy, as well as adverse childhood experiences) and poor sleep outcomes (sleep disturbances, insomnia, poor sleep quality, and longer time to fall asleep) in the perinatal population were included. Results  The synthesis of the 12 included studies revealed a positive association between exposure to violence and poor sleep, and between adverse childhood experiences and sleep disturbances or poor sleep during pregnancy. Moreover, IPV in the postpartum period was associated with poor sleep. Conclusion  Most of the evidence synthesized comprises data from high-income countries, resulting in lack of cultural context. However, it is evident that the experience of violence throughout life is a risk for poor perinatal sleep quality. Thus, there is a growing need to study this association, especially in resource-limited settings, where data on sleep health is largely absent, inform pregnancy care and maternal and child health policies.

In 2024, Paris will host the Olympic (during July and August) and Paralympic (during September) Summer Games. Despite temperatures often exceeding 40°C in Paris in July, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) has indicated that there will be no installation of air conditioning in the athletes' rooms. High ambient temperatures can impair the quantity and quality of sleep and, consequently, impair athletic performance. In this overview, we present the rationale behind and explain the process of how a warm environment is unfavorable to the sleep of Olympic and Paralympic athletes, as well as offer practical recommendations on how to mitigate the effects of environment heat for a restful and effective night's sleep during the Paris 2024 Olympics and Paralympics Games.

Objective  The present study aimed to compare the risk of developing sleep disorders with abnormalities in lung mechanics, abnormal ultrasound signals, and anthropometric parameters in adults with obesity. Materials and Methods  A total of 50 individuals were assessed for the risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) using the Mallampati classification, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Snoring, Tiredness, Observed Apnea, High Blood Pressure, Body Mass Index, Age, Neck Circumference, and Gender (STOP-Bang) questionnaire, and the Sleep Apnea Clinical Score (SACS). Patients also underwent respiratory oscillometry, spirometry, and thoracic ultrasound. Results  The subgroup with abnormal respiratory oscillometry was more likely to have an ESS score indicating a high risk of developing OSA (87.5%) than the subgroup with normal respiratory oscillometry (42.9%) ( p  = 0.024). On thoracic ultrasound, the frequency of patients with a Mallampati classification of high risk of developing OSA was greater in the subgroup with > 2 B-lines (80%) than in the subgroup with ≤ 2 B-lines (25.7%) ( p  = 0.0003). The subgroup with subpleural consolidations was more likely to have an OSA-indicative ESS score (100%) than the subgroup without subpleural consolidations (41.9%) ( p  = 0.004). According to the multivariate analysis, > 2 B lines and body mass index were found to be independent variables for predicting the Mallampati classification, while subpleural consolidation was the only independent variable for predicting the ESS score. Conclusion  In adults with obesity, the greater the risk of developing OSA was, the worse the resistive and reactive parameters measured by respiratory oscillometry. Abnormal respiratory oscillometry and abnormal thoracic ultrasound are factors associated with a high risk of developing OSA.

Objectives  The objective of this study is to evaluate the presence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and its potential association with subtypes of stroke according to the classification of the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST). Materials and Methods  This cross-sectional study recruited 100 consecutive patients with a recent diagnosis of stroke or acute transient ischemic attack and evaluated the presence of OSA and its potential association with subtypes of TOAST. Results  The prevalence of OSA was 51%. The mean age was 68 ± 15 years. Patients with OSA ( n  = 51, 51%) presented higher frequency of diabetes and previous stroke/acute transient ischemic attack (39.2 versus 18.4%, p  = 0.018) than patients without OSA. There was no association between the presence of OSA and the etiology of stroke/ acute transient ischemic attack according to the TOAST classification ( p  = 0.698). Conclusions  Despite the biological plausibility of a positive association between the presence of OSA and TOAST classification, this hypothesis was not confirmed. This underscores that the subtype of stroke should not influence decisions about OSA screening.

Objective  To identify the factors related to sleep duration in 3-month-old infants. Materials and Methods  From 2021 to 2023, we conducted a cross-sectional study in the city of Araraquara, Brazil, involving 140 mothers and their respective 3-month-old infants. Maternal socioeconomic, demographic, obstetric, and nutritional characteristics, as well as nutritional and morbidity characteristics of the respective infants, were evaluated. Sleep duration was determined by the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ). Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to assess the associations of maternal, newborn, and infant factors with sleep duration at three months. Results  The nighttime sleep duration of the infants was of 9 hours. There were negative associations between nighttime sleep duration and prone sleep position ( p  = 0.011), falling asleep between 8:30 pm and 11:00 pm ( p  = 0.032), falling asleep after 11:00 pm ( p  < 0.001), respiratory infection ( p  = 0.011), dermatitis ( p  = 0.002), and the presence of children under 9 years of age in the household ( p  = 0.013). Discussion  In the present study, factors such as infant morbidity, the presence of other children in the household, and sleeping habits were associated with a decrease in sleep duration in 3-month-old infants. Therefore, we emphasize the importance of early diagnosis of morbidity in the first months of life and of promoting healthy habits such as regulating the time to go to sleep, providing an adequate sleep environment, and other practices that help improve the quality and duration of sleep.

Introduction and Objective  Hypertension is an evolving public health challenge at present, and it is preceded by a prehypertensive stage. Irregular sleep duration and pattern have been found to be linked with cardiovascular diseases. Medical students are highly vulnerable to low quality sleep due to pressure regarding the academic curriculum and poor lifestyle. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of prehypertension, describe the risk factors and sleep patterns of undergraduate medical students, and determine the association, if any, involving sleep time and duration and prehypertension. Materials and Methods  Data was collected from 254 undergraduate medical students via the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire and a self-structured questionnaire. The frequency of events was established and the Chi-squared and t -tests were applied to determine the association. Finally, regression analysis was performed to determine the correlation. Results  Male sex, high body mass index (BMI), poor sleep quality, and night sleep duration shorter than 5 hours were found to be significant risk factors for the development of prehypertensive condition (prevalence of 42.5%). However, there were no statistically significant associations regarding prehypertension and family history, junk food and salt intake, physical activity and daytime napping, bedtime, and wake-up time. Night sleep duration shorter than 5 hours presented an odds ratio of 4.713 ( p  = 0.010) for the development of prehypertension after adjusting for other risk factors, such as male sex, sleep quality, and high BMI. Discussion and Conclusion  A high prevalence of prehypertension (42.5%) was noted among undergraduate medical students. Night sleep duration shorter than 5 hours was a significant risk factor for the development of prehypertension, whereas sleep time was not significantly associated with prehypertension.