Pub Date : 2017-10-25DOI: 10.1080/20548923.2017.1384175
Omid Oudbashi, Ata Hasanpour, A. Jahanpoor, Zahra Rahjoo
ABSTRACT Recent archaeological excavation in western Iran discovered a Sasanian palace called Ghaleh Guri (Qela Gowri) beside of the Seimarreh River. As part of the archaeometric studies on the site, five metallic objects (a coin, a disc, a vessel, a decorated strip and some pieces with no specific function) were sampled and analysed using OM and SEM-EDS to determine alloy composition and microstructure. The results showed that strip is made of copper, disc, vessel and unidentifiable object are tin bronze and the coin is made of silver-copper alloy. Tin content in the vessel is about 30 wt% and may be classified as high-tin bronze. The microstructure of samples also revealed that the amount of working and the heat treatment was variable, most likely due to their different compositions.
{"title":"Microscopic and microanalytical study on Sasanian metal objects from Western Iran: A case study","authors":"Omid Oudbashi, Ata Hasanpour, A. Jahanpoor, Zahra Rahjoo","doi":"10.1080/20548923.2017.1384175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20548923.2017.1384175","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Recent archaeological excavation in western Iran discovered a Sasanian palace called Ghaleh Guri (Qela Gowri) beside of the Seimarreh River. As part of the archaeometric studies on the site, five metallic objects (a coin, a disc, a vessel, a decorated strip and some pieces with no specific function) were sampled and analysed using OM and SEM-EDS to determine alloy composition and microstructure. The results showed that strip is made of copper, disc, vessel and unidentifiable object are tin bronze and the coin is made of silver-copper alloy. Tin content in the vessel is about 30 wt% and may be classified as high-tin bronze. The microstructure of samples also revealed that the amount of working and the heat treatment was variable, most likely due to their different compositions.","PeriodicalId":21858,"journal":{"name":"STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research","volume":"44 1","pages":"194 - 205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83189350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-05DOI: 10.1080/20548923.2017.1372934
Mariza Kormann, D. Katsonopoulou, S. Katsarou, G. Lock
ABSTRACT The Digital Helike Project aims at the digitization of archaeological data from the Helike Project, Achaia, Greece. This paper advances understanding of Early Bronze Age house building techniques with focus on corridor houses. The Helike Corridor House is a fine example of an architectural style of the Early Helladic period EH II/Early EH III on the Greek mainland and it is used here as a case study. A methodology for 3D reconstruction is described supporting both structural integrity simulations and advanced visualization studies. The paper focuses on three aspects: firstly, it highlights technological innovations in the Bronze Age period by drawing attention to structural integrity studies recently carried out by the research team; secondly, it describes a methodology for building fully geo-referenced 3D models supporting structural integrity studies and visualization on GIS-Geographic Information Systems; and thirdly, it leads to the universal access of data and visualization over the Internet through the selection of appropriate open source, open standards and freely available tools and applications. The methodologies proposed here deepen insights on archaeological data enabling new inferences and knowledge to be gained through the implementation of universally shared low cost applications.
{"title":"Methods for developing 3D visualizations of archaeological data: a case study of the early bronze age Helike Corridor House","authors":"Mariza Kormann, D. Katsonopoulou, S. Katsarou, G. Lock","doi":"10.1080/20548923.2017.1372934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20548923.2017.1372934","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Digital Helike Project aims at the digitization of archaeological data from the Helike Project, Achaia, Greece. This paper advances understanding of Early Bronze Age house building techniques with focus on corridor houses. The Helike Corridor House is a fine example of an architectural style of the Early Helladic period EH II/Early EH III on the Greek mainland and it is used here as a case study. A methodology for 3D reconstruction is described supporting both structural integrity simulations and advanced visualization studies. The paper focuses on three aspects: firstly, it highlights technological innovations in the Bronze Age period by drawing attention to structural integrity studies recently carried out by the research team; secondly, it describes a methodology for building fully geo-referenced 3D models supporting structural integrity studies and visualization on GIS-Geographic Information Systems; and thirdly, it leads to the universal access of data and visualization over the Internet through the selection of appropriate open source, open standards and freely available tools and applications. The methodologies proposed here deepen insights on archaeological data enabling new inferences and knowledge to be gained through the implementation of universally shared low cost applications.","PeriodicalId":21858,"journal":{"name":"STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research","volume":"81 1","pages":"478 - 489"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82307940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-26DOI: 10.1080/20548923.2017.1370842
Marta Sánchez de la Torre, François‐Xavier Le Bourdonnec, S. Dubernet, B. Gratuze, Xavier Mangado, J. Fullola
ABSTRACT We geochemically characterize two chert formations outcropping in the Pyrenees and presenting similar characteristics at the visual and microscopic scale: The Montgaillard flysch cherts and the Montsaunès cherts. Cherts presenting identical textural and micropalaeontological features as both types have been found in several Magdalenian Pyrenean sites. We are face to a long distance chert type whose geochemical characterization is essential for knowing where the tracer comes from. Analyses have been done using Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) and laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Results show that despite obtaining similar data concerning major and minor elements, differences have been observed regarding trace elements. The establishment of differences between both formations at the geochemical level has allowed specifying the origin of this chert type recovered at the Magdalenian levels of Parco Cave (Alòs de Balaguer, Spain). Results demonstrate long lithic raw material circulation and thus, human mobility in the Pyrenees during the Upper Palaeolithic.
摘要/ ABSTRACT摘要:我们对比利牛斯山两个裸露的燧石组进行了地球化学表征，并在视觉和微观尺度上表现出相似的特征:Montgaillard复理燧石组和montsaun燧石组。在马格达莱尼亚比利牛斯山脉的几个遗址中发现了两种类型的燧石，它们具有相同的结构和微古生物学特征。我们面对的是一种长距离燧石类型，其地球化学特征对于了解示踪剂的来源至关重要。利用能量色散x射线荧光(ED-XRF)和激光烧蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)进行了分析。结果表明，尽管在主、微量元素方面获得了相似的数据，但在微量元素方面却存在差异。在地球化学水平上建立两种地层之间的差异，可以确定在Parco洞穴(Alòs de Balaguer, Spain)的马格达莱期水平上发现的这种燧石类型的起源。结果表明，在旧石器时代晚期，在比利牛斯山脉有长期的石器原料流通，因此，人类的流动性。
{"title":"The geochemical characterization of two long distance chert tracers by ED-XRF and LA-ICP-MS. Implications for Magdalenian human mobility in the Pyrenees (SW Europe)","authors":"Marta Sánchez de la Torre, François‐Xavier Le Bourdonnec, S. Dubernet, B. Gratuze, Xavier Mangado, J. Fullola","doi":"10.1080/20548923.2017.1370842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20548923.2017.1370842","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We geochemically characterize two chert formations outcropping in the Pyrenees and presenting similar characteristics at the visual and microscopic scale: The Montgaillard flysch cherts and the Montsaunès cherts. Cherts presenting identical textural and micropalaeontological features as both types have been found in several Magdalenian Pyrenean sites. We are face to a long distance chert type whose geochemical characterization is essential for knowing where the tracer comes from. Analyses have been done using Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) and laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Results show that despite obtaining similar data concerning major and minor elements, differences have been observed regarding trace elements. The establishment of differences between both formations at the geochemical level has allowed specifying the origin of this chert type recovered at the Magdalenian levels of Parco Cave (Alòs de Balaguer, Spain). Results demonstrate long lithic raw material circulation and thus, human mobility in the Pyrenees during the Upper Palaeolithic.","PeriodicalId":21858,"journal":{"name":"STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"405 - 417"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89435370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-21DOI: 10.1080/20548923.2017.1372933
Massimo Rogante, László Rosta, G. Káli, Z. Kasztovszky, Z. Kis, Imre Kovács, B. Maróti, Z. Szőkefalvi-Nagy
ABSTRACT Non-destructive prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA), neutron radiography (NR) and high resolution time-of-flight neutron diffraction (TOF-ND) have been applied to investigate metal archaeological artefacts belonging to the Academia Georgica Treiensis (AGT) collection. 8 archaeological items have been analysed, by using the facilities of the Budapest Neutron Centre (BNC). Some of these objects mostly dating back probably to the VI-IV century B.C. and presumed to be discovered in the Marche Region, Italy. The primary goal of the analyses was to advance the correct technological and material description of the objects, providing scientific data for further and more comprehensive comparative analyses also covering the find material from the close archaeological sites. The neutron investigations allowed determining the bulk composition, also providing either a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the phase composition and the structural properties of the constituents, or radiographic images, which would finally help to identify possible manufacturing techniques. Additional examinations, carried out by external milli-beam particle induced X-ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE), provided quantitative analyses of major and trace elements (e.g., Fe, Pb and As) in order to recognize the constitutive alloys and to supply information on the near-surface elemental composition, complementary to the data characteristic for the bulk. The obtained results, thought to be useful to set up a classification according to the chemical composition, and this way allow achieving important information related to the possible provenance of the objects.
{"title":"Neutron based archaeometallurgical investigation of Picenan and Roman age metal objects from the Academia Georgica Treiensis collection (Italy)","authors":"Massimo Rogante, László Rosta, G. Káli, Z. Kasztovszky, Z. Kis, Imre Kovács, B. Maróti, Z. Szőkefalvi-Nagy","doi":"10.1080/20548923.2017.1372933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20548923.2017.1372933","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Non-destructive prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA), neutron radiography (NR) and high resolution time-of-flight neutron diffraction (TOF-ND) have been applied to investigate metal archaeological artefacts belonging to the Academia Georgica Treiensis (AGT) collection. 8 archaeological items have been analysed, by using the facilities of the Budapest Neutron Centre (BNC). Some of these objects mostly dating back probably to the VI-IV century B.C. and presumed to be discovered in the Marche Region, Italy. The primary goal of the analyses was to advance the correct technological and material description of the objects, providing scientific data for further and more comprehensive comparative analyses also covering the find material from the close archaeological sites. The neutron investigations allowed determining the bulk composition, also providing either a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the phase composition and the structural properties of the constituents, or radiographic images, which would finally help to identify possible manufacturing techniques. Additional examinations, carried out by external milli-beam particle induced X-ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE), provided quantitative analyses of major and trace elements (e.g., Fe, Pb and As) in order to recognize the constitutive alloys and to supply information on the near-surface elemental composition, complementary to the data characteristic for the bulk. The obtained results, thought to be useful to set up a classification according to the chemical composition, and this way allow achieving important information related to the possible provenance of the objects.","PeriodicalId":21858,"journal":{"name":"STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research","volume":"44 1","pages":"206 - 219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83727022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-10DOI: 10.1080/20548923.2017.1329918
V. Cannavò, E. Photos-Jones, S. Levi, D. Brunelli, P. Fragnoli, Giacomo Lomarco, F. Lugli, M. Martinelli, M. Sforna
ABSTRACT This exploratory study focuses on the elemental analysis by p-XRF (portable X-Ray Fluorescence Analyser) of 62 samples of coarse wares, consisting of Bronze Age handmade burnished ware, so-called Impasto, and of Cooking ware (dated from the Roman period to Modern times). All wares originate from the site of San Vincenzo, Stromboli, and Aeolian Islands. The question addressed here is whether it is possible to differentiate between local (Aeolian) and imported (non-Aeolian) fabrics with the use of the p-XRF; 42 of the 62 samples were also subjected to petrographic analysis as a way of testing our hypothesis. Our results show that p-XRF analysis can clearly assist in distinguishing between Aeolian vs. non-Aeolian wares. Analyses can take place in the field and large quantities of sherds can be processed as a result. We suggest that no further demands should be made of the technique in providing answers to more detailed provenance questions. This is because finer separation in subgroups (as achieved recently by combined petrographic and EPMA analysis on select samples) is not possible given the nature of coarse pottery and the limitations of the technique in measuring key light elements (Na, Mg). Furthermore, for some elements (e.g Cr) accuracy is below acceptable levels in which case results for these particular elements are considered semi-quantitative.
{"title":"p-XRF analysis of multi-period Impasto and Cooking Pot wares from the excavations at Stromboli-San Vincenzo, Aeolian Islands, Italy","authors":"V. Cannavò, E. Photos-Jones, S. Levi, D. Brunelli, P. Fragnoli, Giacomo Lomarco, F. Lugli, M. Martinelli, M. Sforna","doi":"10.1080/20548923.2017.1329918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20548923.2017.1329918","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This exploratory study focuses on the elemental analysis by p-XRF (portable X-Ray Fluorescence Analyser) of 62 samples of coarse wares, consisting of Bronze Age handmade burnished ware, so-called Impasto, and of Cooking ware (dated from the Roman period to Modern times). All wares originate from the site of San Vincenzo, Stromboli, and Aeolian Islands. The question addressed here is whether it is possible to differentiate between local (Aeolian) and imported (non-Aeolian) fabrics with the use of the p-XRF; 42 of the 62 samples were also subjected to petrographic analysis as a way of testing our hypothesis. Our results show that p-XRF analysis can clearly assist in distinguishing between Aeolian vs. non-Aeolian wares. Analyses can take place in the field and large quantities of sherds can be processed as a result. We suggest that no further demands should be made of the technique in providing answers to more detailed provenance questions. This is because finer separation in subgroups (as achieved recently by combined petrographic and EPMA analysis on select samples) is not possible given the nature of coarse pottery and the limitations of the technique in measuring key light elements (Na, Mg). Furthermore, for some elements (e.g Cr) accuracy is below acceptable levels in which case results for these particular elements are considered semi-quantitative.","PeriodicalId":21858,"journal":{"name":"STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research","volume":"52 1","pages":"326 - 333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77334396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1080/20548923.2018.1424300
S. Presslee, Julie Wilson, Jos Woolley, Julia Best, D. Russell, A. Radini, R. Fischer, B. Kessler, R. Boano, M. Collins, B. Demarchi
ABSTRACT Avian eggshell survives well in alkaline and neutral soils, but its potential as an archaeological resource remains largely unexplored, mainly due to difficulties in its identification. Here we exploit the release of novel bird genomes and, for the first time on eggshell, use MALDI-ToF (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight) mass spectrometry in combination with peptide sequencing by LC-MS/MS. The eggshell proteome is revealed as unexpectedly complex, with 5755 proteins identified for a reference collection comprising 23 bird species. We determined 782 m/z markers useful for eggshell identification, 583 of which could be assigned to known eggshell peptide sequences. These were used to identify eggshell fragments recovered from a medieval site at Freeschool Lane, Leicester. We discuss the specificity of the peptide markers and highlight the importance of assessing the level of taxonomic identification achievable for archaeological interpretation.
{"title":"The identification of archaeological eggshell using peptide markers","authors":"S. Presslee, Julie Wilson, Jos Woolley, Julia Best, D. Russell, A. Radini, R. Fischer, B. Kessler, R. Boano, M. Collins, B. Demarchi","doi":"10.1080/20548923.2018.1424300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20548923.2018.1424300","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Avian eggshell survives well in alkaline and neutral soils, but its potential as an archaeological resource remains largely unexplored, mainly due to difficulties in its identification. Here we exploit the release of novel bird genomes and, for the first time on eggshell, use MALDI-ToF (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight) mass spectrometry in combination with peptide sequencing by LC-MS/MS. The eggshell proteome is revealed as unexpectedly complex, with 5755 proteins identified for a reference collection comprising 23 bird species. We determined 782 m/z markers useful for eggshell identification, 583 of which could be assigned to known eggshell peptide sequences. These were used to identify eggshell fragments recovered from a medieval site at Freeschool Lane, Leicester. We discuss the specificity of the peptide markers and highlight the importance of assessing the level of taxonomic identification achievable for archaeological interpretation.","PeriodicalId":21858,"journal":{"name":"STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"89 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80979577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1080/20548923.2016.1258824
B. Llamas, Guido Valverde, Lars Fehren-Schmitz, L. Weyrich, A. Cooper, W. Haak
Abstract High-Throughput DNA Sequencing (HTS) technologies have changed the way in which we detect and assess DNA contamination in ancient DNA studies. Researchers use computational methods to mine the large quantity of sequencing data to detect characteristic patterns of DNA damage, and to evaluate the authenticity of the results. We argue that unless computational methods can confidently separate authentic ancient DNA sequences from contaminating DNA that displays damage patterns under independent decay processes, prevention and control of DNA contamination should remain a central and critical aspect of ancient human DNA studies. Ideally, DNA contamination can be prevented early on by following minimal guidelines during excavation, sample collection and/or subsequent handling. Contaminating DNA should also be monitored or minimised in the ancient DNA laboratory using specialised facilities and strict experimental procedures. In this paper, we update recommendations to control for DNA contamination from the field to the laboratory, in an attempt to facilitate communication between field archaeologists, anthropologists and ancient DNA researchers. We also provide updated criteria of ancient DNA authenticity for HTS-based studies. We are confident that the procedures outlined here will increase the retrieval of higher proportions of authentic genetic information from valuable archaeological human remains in the future.
{"title":"From the field to the laboratory: Controlling DNA contamination in human ancient DNA research in the high-throughput sequencing era","authors":"B. Llamas, Guido Valverde, Lars Fehren-Schmitz, L. Weyrich, A. Cooper, W. Haak","doi":"10.1080/20548923.2016.1258824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20548923.2016.1258824","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract High-Throughput DNA Sequencing (HTS) technologies have changed the way in which we detect and assess DNA contamination in ancient DNA studies. Researchers use computational methods to mine the large quantity of sequencing data to detect characteristic patterns of DNA damage, and to evaluate the authenticity of the results. We argue that unless computational methods can confidently separate authentic ancient DNA sequences from contaminating DNA that displays damage patterns under independent decay processes, prevention and control of DNA contamination should remain a central and critical aspect of ancient human DNA studies. Ideally, DNA contamination can be prevented early on by following minimal guidelines during excavation, sample collection and/or subsequent handling. Contaminating DNA should also be monitored or minimised in the ancient DNA laboratory using specialised facilities and strict experimental procedures. In this paper, we update recommendations to control for DNA contamination from the field to the laboratory, in an attempt to facilitate communication between field archaeologists, anthropologists and ancient DNA researchers. We also provide updated criteria of ancient DNA authenticity for HTS-based studies. We are confident that the procedures outlined here will increase the retrieval of higher proportions of authentic genetic information from valuable archaeological human remains in the future.","PeriodicalId":21858,"journal":{"name":"STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"1 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87011214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1080/20548923.2018.1459361
Iain P. Kendall, Michael R. F. Lee, R. Evershed
ABSTRACT Bulk collagen δ15N analysis is widely used to investigate past diet and trophic positions, but these values average the δ15N values of the constituent amino acids. Compound–specific isotope analysis of amino acids (AAs) can help elucidate the complex metabolic effects underpinning bulk δ15N values. Although trophic level effects on individual AA δ15N values have been investigated in aquatic and terrestrial invertebrate food webs, most archaeological applications involve terrestrial herbivores, hence a greater understanding of these effects between diet and consumer in this food chain is required. The North Wyke Farm Platform provided baseline nitrogen isotope information for cattle grazing on a Lolium perenne-dominated pasture. Bulk dentine δ15N values show a shift expected for a one trophic level increase, but obscure insight into the underlying metabolic processes that cause this change in value. However, determination of AA δ15N values of hydrolysable plant protein and cattle tooth dentine clarifies the trophic effect on consumer AA δ15N values. The observed trophic shift in the studied system is different from previously studied food webs, with a trophic enrichment factor, based on the δ15N values of glutamate and phenylalanine, of 4.0‰ compared to 7.6‰ commonly used in ecological and archaeological studies. This emphasises the need to understand the trophic shifts in the particular food web being investigated in order to apply isotopic investigations in archaeological contexts.
{"title":"The effect of trophic level on individual amino acid δ15N values in a terrestrial ruminant food web","authors":"Iain P. Kendall, Michael R. F. Lee, R. Evershed","doi":"10.1080/20548923.2018.1459361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20548923.2018.1459361","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Bulk collagen δ15N analysis is widely used to investigate past diet and trophic positions, but these values average the δ15N values of the constituent amino acids. Compound–specific isotope analysis of amino acids (AAs) can help elucidate the complex metabolic effects underpinning bulk δ15N values. Although trophic level effects on individual AA δ15N values have been investigated in aquatic and terrestrial invertebrate food webs, most archaeological applications involve terrestrial herbivores, hence a greater understanding of these effects between diet and consumer in this food chain is required. The North Wyke Farm Platform provided baseline nitrogen isotope information for cattle grazing on a Lolium perenne-dominated pasture. Bulk dentine δ15N values show a shift expected for a one trophic level increase, but obscure insight into the underlying metabolic processes that cause this change in value. However, determination of AA δ15N values of hydrolysable plant protein and cattle tooth dentine clarifies the trophic effect on consumer AA δ15N values. The observed trophic shift in the studied system is different from previously studied food webs, with a trophic enrichment factor, based on the δ15N values of glutamate and phenylalanine, of 4.0‰ compared to 7.6‰ commonly used in ecological and archaeological studies. This emphasises the need to understand the trophic shifts in the particular food web being investigated in order to apply isotopic investigations in archaeological contexts.","PeriodicalId":21858,"journal":{"name":"STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research","volume":"296 1","pages":"135 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74159193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1080/20548923.2017.1303124
J. Lewis, A. Pike, C. Coath, R. Evershed
ABSTRACT Transhumance and palaeodiet are two central themes in archaeology and using chemical analysis of bones and teeth to reconstruct trends and patterns in diet and mobility has become a cornerstone of bioarchaeology. This study has investigated strontium concentration ([Sr]), radiogenic (87Sr/86Sr) and stable strontium (δ88Sr) isotope systematics in a controlled feeding experiment on domestic pigs designed to simulate terrestrial versus marine protein consumption. The results of the radiogenic (87Sr/86Sr) analysis offer a validation of the strontium isotope methodology. The study confirms that the radiogenic strontium isotope composition of dental enamel does represent the radiogenic strontium isotope composition of the diet. The results of the δ88Sr analysis have revealed a distinct shift of 0.322 ± 0.060 ‰ towards isotopically light Sr with trophic level. The magnitude of this shift is consistent with the predictions from the analogous shift observed in calcium isotopes. This is the first time that trophic level fractionation in δ88Sr has been identified in a controlled setting. Although still in its infancy, δ88Sr analysis has great potential to inform on trophic level systematics, to investigate dietary trends in early life and is potentially useful in examining diagenetic alteration.
{"title":"Strontium concentration, radiogenic (87Sr/86Sr) and stable (δ88Sr) strontium isotope systematics in a controlled feeding study","authors":"J. Lewis, A. Pike, C. Coath, R. Evershed","doi":"10.1080/20548923.2017.1303124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20548923.2017.1303124","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Transhumance and palaeodiet are two central themes in archaeology and using chemical analysis of bones and teeth to reconstruct trends and patterns in diet and mobility has become a cornerstone of bioarchaeology. This study has investigated strontium concentration ([Sr]), radiogenic (87Sr/86Sr) and stable strontium (δ88Sr) isotope systematics in a controlled feeding experiment on domestic pigs designed to simulate terrestrial versus marine protein consumption. The results of the radiogenic (87Sr/86Sr) analysis offer a validation of the strontium isotope methodology. The study confirms that the radiogenic strontium isotope composition of dental enamel does represent the radiogenic strontium isotope composition of the diet. The results of the δ88Sr analysis have revealed a distinct shift of 0.322 ± 0.060 ‰ towards isotopically light Sr with trophic level. The magnitude of this shift is consistent with the predictions from the analogous shift observed in calcium isotopes. This is the first time that trophic level fractionation in δ88Sr has been identified in a controlled setting. Although still in its infancy, δ88Sr analysis has great potential to inform on trophic level systematics, to investigate dietary trends in early life and is potentially useful in examining diagenetic alteration.","PeriodicalId":21858,"journal":{"name":"STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research","volume":"55 1","pages":"45 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82693310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1080/20548923.2018.1443547
Simona Mileto, E. Kaiser, Y. Rassamakin, H. Whelton, R. Evershed
ABSTRACT This paper presents new results of an interdisciplinary investigation of the diet and subsistence strategies of populations living in the North-Pontic region during the Eneolithic and the Early Bronze Age (ca. 3800 BC to the 2500 BC). New organic residue analyses of >200 sherds from five Eneolithic sites and two Early Bronze Age settlements are presented. The molecular and stable isotope results are discussed in relation to zooarchaeological evidence. Overall, the findings suggest that each community relied on either a hunting- or a husbandry-based subsistence strategy dependent upon the ecosystem in which they settled; horses and wild animals dominated subsistence in the forest-steppe communities in contrast to ruminant husbandry in the steppe.
{"title":"Differing modes of animal exploitation in North-Pontic Eneolithic and Bronze Age Societies","authors":"Simona Mileto, E. Kaiser, Y. Rassamakin, H. Whelton, R. Evershed","doi":"10.1080/20548923.2018.1443547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20548923.2018.1443547","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper presents new results of an interdisciplinary investigation of the diet and subsistence strategies of populations living in the North-Pontic region during the Eneolithic and the Early Bronze Age (ca. 3800 BC to the 2500 BC). New organic residue analyses of >200 sherds from five Eneolithic sites and two Early Bronze Age settlements are presented. The molecular and stable isotope results are discussed in relation to zooarchaeological evidence. Overall, the findings suggest that each community relied on either a hunting- or a husbandry-based subsistence strategy dependent upon the ecosystem in which they settled; horses and wild animals dominated subsistence in the forest-steppe communities in contrast to ruminant husbandry in the steppe.","PeriodicalId":21858,"journal":{"name":"STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research","volume":"118 1","pages":"112 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77429682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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