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Changes in higher order cognitive function between four watchkeeping schedules 四种值班表之间高阶认知功能的变化
Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpae044
J. Guzzetti, I. Marando, Raymond W. Matthews, Mikaela S Owen, Crystal L Yates, S. Banks
Maritime industries utilize many different watchkeeping schedules to maintain vigilance and crew safety around the clock. These schedules can be fatiguing, negatively impacting vigilant attention. This has led to the consideration of schedules that might allow for more sleep time, but how these schedules impact higher order cognitive function remains unclear. These schedules require assessment with tasks that are relevant to real-world operations on maritime vessels. This study investigated the effect of four schedules on higher order cognitive function. N=27 (16 female) participants were recruited to a 10-day laboratory study, comparing four schedules. The schedules investigated were eight-on/eight-off/four-on/four-off (8/8/4/4) with sleep from 09:30 to 16:00 (Condition A); six-on/six-off (6/6) with sleep from 08:30 to 12:30 and 21:30 to 00:00 (Condition B); four-on/four-off (4/4/4/4/4/4) with sleep from 18:00 to 00:30 (Condition C); and four-on/four-off (4/4/4/4/4/4) with sleep from 01:30 to 08:00 (Condition D). Higher order cognitive function was assessed 2-3x daily whilst “on watch” using tests of visual scanning, learning, working memory, mental flexibility, and visuomotor control. Conditions were ranked and stability of performance on watch was compared between conditions using Kruskal-Wallis tests. Cognitive function within Condition B was ranked the worst for most of the tasks. However, the stability of higher order cognitive function was poorest across the waking day within Condition A. These findings highlight the variability in cognitive capacities during different watchkeeping schedules.
海运业使用许多不同的值班时间表,以保持全天候的警惕性和船员安全。这些时间表会使人感到疲劳,对警惕性产生负面影响。因此,人们开始考虑制定可以有更多睡眠时间的时间表,但这些时间表对高阶认知功能有何影响仍不清楚。这些时间表需要通过与海上船舶实际操作相关的任务进行评估。本研究调查了四种时间表对高阶认知功能的影响。共招募了 27 名参与者(16 名女性)参加为期 10 天的实验室研究,比较了四种时间表。研究的时间表分别为:八上/八下/四上/四下(8/8/4/4),睡眠时间为 09:30 至 16:00(条件 A);六上/六下(6/6),睡眠时间为 08:30 至 12:30 和 21:30 至 00:00(条件 B);四上/四下(4/4/4/4/4),睡眠时间为 18:00 至 00:30(条件 C);以及四上/四下(4/4/4/4/4),睡眠时间为 01:30 至 08:00(条件 D)。在 "值班 "期间,每天进行 2-3 次高阶认知功能测试,包括视觉扫描、学习、工作记忆、心理灵活性和视觉运动控制。采用 Kruskal-Wallis 检验对不同条件进行排序,并比较不同条件下观察表现的稳定性。在大多数任务中,条件 B 的认知功能最差。然而,在条件 A 中,高阶认知功能在整个清醒日期间的稳定性最差。
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引用次数: 0
Evo-Devo applied to sleep research: an approach whose time has come 将进化论应用于睡眠研究:一种时机已到的方法
Pub Date : 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpae040
Ritchie E. Brown
Sleep occurs in all animals but its amount, form, and timing varies considerably between species and between individuals. Currently, little is known about the basis for these differences, in part because we lack a complete understanding of the brain circuitry controlling sleep-wake states and markers for the cell-types which can identify similar circuits across phylogeny. Here, I explain the utility of an ‘Evo-devo’ approach for comparative studies of sleep regulation and function as well as for sleep medicine. This approach focuses on the regulation of evolutionary ancient transcription factors which act as master controllers of cell-type specification. Studying these developmental transcription factor cascades can identify novel cell clusters which control sleep and wakefulness, reveal the mechanisms which control differences in sleep timing, amount and expression and identify the timepoint in evolution when different sleep-wake control neurons appeared. Spatial transcriptomic studies which identify cell clusters based on transcription factor expression will greatly aid this approach. Conserved developmental pathways regulate sleep in mice, Drosophila and C. Elegans. Members of the LIM Homeobox (Lhx) gene family control the specification of sleep and circadian neurons in the forebrain and hypothalamus. Increased Lhx9 activity may account for increased orexin/hypocretin neurons and reduced sleep in Mexican cavefish. Other transcription factor families specify sleep-wake circuits in the brainstem, hypothalamus, and basal forebrain. Expression of transcription factors allows generation of specific cell-types for transplantation approaches. Furthermore, mutations in developmental transcription factors are linked to variation in sleep duration in humans, risk for restless legs syndrome and sleep-disordered breathing. This paper is part of the Genetic and other molecular underpinnings of sleep, sleep disorders, and circadian rhythms including translational approaches collection.
所有动物都会睡眠,但睡眠的数量、形式和时间在不同物种和个体之间存在很大差异。目前,人们对这些差异的基础知之甚少,部分原因是我们缺乏对控制睡眠-觉醒状态的大脑回路的全面了解,也缺乏能在系统发育过程中识别类似回路的细胞类型标记。在此,我将解释 "进化-演化 "方法在睡眠调节和功能比较研究以及睡眠医学中的应用。这种方法主要关注进化古老的转录因子的调控,这些转录因子是细胞类型规格化的主要控制者。研究这些发育转录因子级联可以发现控制睡眠和觉醒的新型细胞群,揭示控制睡眠时间、数量和表达差异的机制,并确定不同睡眠-觉醒控制神经元出现的进化时间点。根据转录因子表达确定细胞集群的空间转录组学研究将对这一方法大有帮助。在小鼠、果蝇和眼镜蛇中,调节睡眠的发育途径是一致的。LIM Homeobox(Lhx)基因家族的成员控制着前脑和下丘脑中睡眠和昼夜节律神经元的规格。Lhx9活性的增加可能是墨西哥穴居鱼体内奥曲肽/视黄醇神经元增加和睡眠减少的原因。其他转录因子家族指定了脑干、下丘脑和基底前脑的睡眠-觉醒回路。转录因子的表达可以产生特定的细胞类型,用于移植方法。此外,发育转录因子的突变与人类睡眠时间的变化、不宁腿综合征和睡眠呼吸障碍的风险有关。本文是《包括转化方法在内的睡眠、睡眠障碍和昼夜节律的遗传及其他分子基础》文集的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
Oral Appliance Therapy and Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation as Non-PAP Treatment Alternatives for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Narrative Expert Review 口腔矫治器疗法和舌下神经刺激作为阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的非 PAP 替代治疗方法:专家综述
Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpae035
Sairam Parthasarathy, Najib T Ayas, Richard Bogan, Dennis Hwang, Clete Kushida, Jonathan S Lown, Joseph M Ojile, Imran Patel, Bharati Prasad, David M Rapoport, Patrick Strollo, Oliver M Vanderveken, John Viviano
This perspective on alternatives to Positive Airway Pressure therapy for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea summarizes the proceedings of a focus group that was conducted by the Sleep Research Society Foundation. This perspective is from a multi-disciplinary panel of experts from sleep medicine, dental sleep medicine, and otolaryngology that aims to identify the current role of Oral Appliance Therapy and hypoglossal nerve stimulation for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea with emphasis on the U.S. practice arena. A secondary aim is to identify – from an implementation science standpoint -- the various barriers and facilitators for adoption of non-PAP treatment that includes access to care, multi-disciplinary expertise, reimbursement, regulatory aspects, current treatment guidelines, health policies and other factors related to delivery of care. The panel has contextualized the review with recent events – such as a large-scale PAP device recall compounded by supply chain woes of the pandemic -- and emerging science in the field of obstructive sleep apnea and offers solutions for multi-disciplinary approaches while identifying knowledge gaps and future research opportunities.
这篇关于治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的气道正压疗法替代方案的观点总结了睡眠研究学会基金会开展的焦点小组会议的讨论情况。该小组由来自睡眠医学、牙科睡眠医学和耳鼻喉科的多学科专家组成,旨在确定口腔矫治器疗法和舌下神经刺激法在治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停方面的当前作用,重点关注美国的实践领域。另一个目的是从实施科学的角度确定采用非 PAP 治疗的各种障碍和促进因素,包括获得护理、多学科专业知识、报销、监管方面、现行治疗指南、卫生政策以及与提供护理相关的其他因素。专家小组结合近期发生的事件--如大规模呼吸机设备召回,以及大流行病造成的供应链困境--和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停领域的新兴科学,对审查内容进行了梳理,并在确定知识差距和未来研究机会的同时,提出了多学科方法的解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Shorter sleep duration and lesser sleep efficiency are associated with poorer memory functions among non-demented, middle-aged, and older rural Indians 睡眠时间较短和睡眠效率较低与非痴呆、中年和老年农村印第安人的记忆功能较差有关
Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpae038
Pooja Rai, Jonas S. Sundarakumar
Sleep is known to be involved in cognitive processes, such as memory encoding and consolidation, and poor sleep is a potential risk factor for dementia. This study aims to investigate the effect of sleep quality on memory functions among middle-aged and older adults from a rural Indian population. Participants were non-demented, rural Indians (≥ 45 years) from an ongoing, prospective, aging cohort study, namely Srinivaspura Aging, NeuroSenescence, and COGnition (SANSCOG) study. Cross-sectional (baseline) data on seven sleep dimensions was obtained using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Memory functions were assessed using immediate recall, delayed recall, name-face association, and semantic association from a culturally validated, computerized, neurocognitive test battery. Linear regression models, unadjusted and adjusted for cognitive status, age, sex, and depression were used to analyze the association between each sleep dimension and the memory tests. A total of 1195 participants, with a mean age of 57.10 years, were included. Out of the seven sleep dimensions of the PSQI, only two dimensions, namely sleep duration and sleep efficiency, were significantly associated with memory functions. In the fully adjusted model, shorter sleep duration was significantly associated with poorer performance in delayed recall, and lesser sleep efficiency was significantly associated with poorer delayed recall and semantic association performance. Specific sleep characteristics appear to influence memory functions in aging Indians well before the onset of dementia. In the backdrop of the non-availability of a definitive treatment for dementia, promptly identifying and addressing these problems could be an effective, community-level strategy for preventing dementia.
众所周知,睡眠参与记忆编码和巩固等认知过程,而睡眠质量差是痴呆症的潜在风险因素。本研究旨在调查睡眠质量对印度农村地区中老年人记忆功能的影响。 参与者为非痴呆的印度农村人口(≥ 45 岁),他们来自一项正在进行的前瞻性老龄化队列研究,即 Srinivaspura Aging, NeuroSenescence, and COGnition (SANSCOG) 研究。研究人员使用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)获得了七个睡眠维度的横断面(基线)数据。记忆功能采用经文化验证的计算机化神经认知测试电池中的即时回忆、延迟回忆、姓名-面部联想和语义联想进行评估。采用线性回归模型(未经调整或根据认知状况、年龄、性别和抑郁程度进行调整)分析各睡眠维度与记忆测试之间的关联。 研究共纳入了 1195 名参与者,平均年龄为 57.10 岁。在 PSQI 的七个睡眠维度中,只有睡眠时间和睡眠效率这两个维度与记忆功能有显著相关性。在完全调整模型中,较短的睡眠时间与较差的延迟回忆能力明显相关,而较低的睡眠效率与较差的延迟回忆能力和语义联想能力明显相关。 特定的睡眠特征似乎早在老年痴呆症发生之前就会影响老龄印第安人的记忆功能。在痴呆症尚无确切治疗方法的背景下,及时发现并解决这些问题可能是预防痴呆症的有效社区策略。
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引用次数: 0
An adapted transdiagnostic sleep and circadian intervention (TranS-C) for adults with excess weight and suboptimal sleep health: Pilot study results 针对体重超标且睡眠质量不佳的成年人的经调整的跨诊断睡眠和昼夜节律干预(TranS-C):试点研究结果
Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpae037
C. Imes, Christopher E. Kline, Sanjay R Patel, Susan M. Sereika, Daniel J Buysse, Allison G. Harvey, Lora E Burke
This single-arm, mixed-methods, pilot study examined the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an adapted version of the Transdiagnostic Intervention for Sleep and Circadian Dysfunction (TranS-C) on multidimensional sleep health (MDSH) in a sample of adults with excess weight and suboptimal sleep health. Participants received up to eight, weekly, remotely-delivered, tailored TranS-C sessions. At pre- and post-intervention, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and 7 days of Fitbit data were used to evaluate changes in sleep dimensions (regularity, alertness, timing, satisfaction, duration, efficiency) and the composite MDSH score. Study feasibility examined recruitment, data collection, and intervention engagement (completion of core TranS-C sessions). Acceptability of the intervention was assessed with semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed using thematic analysis. From 85 referrals, 11 individuals were eligible, and 10 completed the study. All intervention participants completed the measures needed to calculate their composite MDSH score and completed the core intervention sessions. Themes from interviews support the intervention’s remote delivery approach, applicability of the information provided, and impact on self-reported health. The intervention resulted in a large improvement in the mean composite MDSH score (Cohen’s d=1.17). Small to large effects were also observed for individual sleep health dimensions except for timing. Adapted TranS-C is acceptable for adults with excess weight and suboptimal sleep health and may be effective at improving short-term MDSH. With changes to recruitment methods, a larger study is feasible. Limitations include the small sample size and the lack of a control condition.
这项单臂、混合方法试点研究针对体重超标且睡眠质量不佳的成年人样本,考察了经改编的睡眠和昼夜节律失调跨诊断干预(TranS-C)对多维睡眠健康(MDSH)的可行性和初步疗效。 参与者每周最多接受八次远程交付的定制 TranS-C 治疗。在干预前后,使用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数、埃普沃斯嗜睡量表和 7 天的 Fitbit 数据来评估睡眠维度(规律性、警觉性、时间性、满意度、持续时间、效率)和 MDSH 综合得分的变化。研究可行性考察了招募、数据收集和干预参与度(完成 TranS-C 核心课程)。干预的可接受性通过半结构式访谈进行评估,访谈采用主题分析法进行分析。 在 85 名转介者中,有 11 人符合条件,其中 10 人完成了研究。所有干预参与者都完成了计算 MDSH 综合得分所需的测量,并完成了核心干预课程。访谈的主题支持干预的远程交付方法、所提供信息的适用性以及对自我健康报告的影响。干预措施显著提高了 MDSH 平均综合得分(Cohen's d=1.17)。除时间因素外,其他单项睡眠健康指标也出现了由小到大的改善效果。 改编后的 TranS-C 对于体重超标且睡眠健康状况不佳的成年人来说是可以接受的,并且可能有效改善短期的 MDSH。在改变招募方法后,进行更大规模的研究是可行的。不足之处包括样本量较小和缺乏对照条件。
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引用次数: 0
Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome, Literature Review 肥胖低通气综合征,文献综述
Pub Date : 2024-06-08 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpae033
Bertha Nachelly Orozco González, Nidia Rodriguez Plascencia, J. A. Palma Zapata, A. E. Llamas Domínguez, Jesús Sacramento Rodríguez González, Juan Manuel Diaz, S. D. Ponce-Campos
Obesity is a global health concern that has been increasing over the years, and it is associated with several pathophysiological changes affecting the respiratory system, including alveolar hypoventilation. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is one of the six subtypes of sleep-hypoventilation disorders. It is defined as the presence of obesity, chronic alveolar hypoventilation leading to daytime hypercapnia and hypoxia, and sleep-disordered breathing. The existence of a sleep disorder is one of the characteristics that patients with OHS present. Among them, 90% of patients have obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and the remaining 10% of patients with OHS have non-obstructive sleep hypoventilation without OSA or with mild OSA. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the epidemiological and pathophysiological impact of obesity hypoventilation syndrome and to highlight its clinical features, prognosis, and severity, as well as the available treatment options.
肥胖是一个全球关注的健康问题,其发病率逐年上升,与影响呼吸系统的多种病理生理变化有关,包括肺泡通气不足。肥胖低通气综合征(OHS)是睡眠低通气障碍的六个亚型之一。其定义为肥胖、慢性肺泡通气不足导致白天高碳酸血症和缺氧以及睡眠呼吸障碍。存在睡眠障碍是 OHS 患者的特征之一。其中,90%的患者患有阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA),其余 10%的 OHS 患者患有非阻塞性睡眠低通气,但不伴有 OSA 或伴有轻度 OSA。本综述旨在全面了解肥胖低通气综合征的流行病学和病理生理学影响,并重点介绍其临床特征、预后和严重程度,以及现有的治疗方案。
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引用次数: 0
Biophysical modeling and diffusion kurtosis imaging reveal microstructural alterations in normal appearing white matter regions of brain in obstructive sleep apnea 生物物理建模和扩散峰度成像揭示了阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者脑白质正常区域的微观结构变化
Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpae031
Zia Hashim, Mansi Gupta, Z. Neyaz, Shivani Srivastava, V. Mani, Alok Nath, Ahmad Raza Khan
Studies have indicated that sleep abnormalities are a strong risk factor for developing cognitive impairment, cardiomyopathies, and neurodegenerative disorders. However, neuroimaging modalities are unable to show any consistent markers in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. We hypothesized that, compared with those of the control cohort, advanced diffusion MRI metrics could show subtle microstructural alterations in the brains of OSA patients. Sixteen newly diagnosed patients with moderate to severe OSA and 15 healthy volunteers of the same age and sex were considered healthy controls. Multishell diffusion MRI data of the brain, along with anatomical data (T1 and T2 images), were obtained on a 3T MRI system (Siemens, Germany) after a polysomnography (PSG) test for sleep abnormalities and a behavioral test battery to evaluate cognitive and executive brain functions. Diffusion MRI data were used to compute diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) parameters along with white-matter tract integrity (WMTI) metrics for only parallel white-matter fibers. OSA was diagnosed when the patient's AHI was ≥15. No significant changes in cognitive or executive functions were observed in the OSA cohort. DKI parameters can show significant microstructural alterations in the white-matter region, while the WMTI metric, the axonal-water-fraction (fp), reveals a significant decrease in OSA patients concerning the control cohort. Advanced diffusion MRI-based microstructural alterations in the white-matter region of the brain suggest that white-matter tracts are more sensitive to OSA-induced intermittent hypoxia.
研究表明,睡眠异常是导致认知障碍、心肌病和神经退行性疾病的一个重要风险因素。然而,神经影像学模式无法在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)患者中显示出任何一致的标记物。我们假设,与对照组相比,先进的弥散核磁共振成像指标能显示出 OSA 患者大脑中细微的微观结构改变。 16名新确诊的中重度OSA患者和15名同年龄、同性别的健康志愿者被视为健康对照组。在进行多导睡眠图(PSG)测试以检测睡眠异常和行为测试以评估大脑的认知和执行功能后,在 3T 磁共振成像系统(德国西门子公司)上获取了大脑的多壳弥散磁共振成像数据以及解剖学数据(T1 和 T2 图像)。弥散核磁共振成像数据用于计算弥散张量成像(DTI)和弥散峰度成像(DKI)参数,以及仅针对平行白质纤维的白质束完整性(WMTI)指标。 当患者的 AHI≥15 时,即可诊断为 OSA。在 OSA 组群中未观察到认知或执行功能的明显变化。DKI参数可显示白质区域的显著微结构改变,而WMTI指标--轴索-水分量(fp)显示,OSA患者的轴索-水分量比对照组显著减少。 基于高级弥散核磁共振成像的大脑白色物质区域微结构改变表明,白色物质束对OSA引起的间歇性缺氧更为敏感。
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引用次数: 0
A Descriptive Study of Sleep Patterns and Knowledge among Department of Juvenile Services Staff 关于青少年服务部工作人员睡眠模式和知识的描述性研究
Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpae030
Krista P Woodward, Lily Bistline, Erin Vermette, Marianna Carlucci, Stephanie J Crowley, Dylan B Jackson, Amy R Wolfson
Little is known about sleep health among staff in the US juvenile justice system. Poor sleep health is associated with negative mental and physical health, which may impact daily interactions and treatment of detained youth. The current study explored sleep-wake patterns and sleep health knowledge of Department of Juvenile Services (DJS) staff in Maryland (MD). Department of Juvenile Services Staff (N=218) were invited to complete a survey that queried staff on their own sleep-wake patterns, job role and schedule, and knowledge of youth sleep needs. Descriptive analyses and multivariate analyses of variance (MANCOVA) were conducted to summarize workers’ sleep-wake patterns and examine differences by staff position and schedule. 51% of staff served as residential advisors (RAs) who directly supervise the youth. Just over half (55%) worked in detention and 45% in treatment facilities. Staff reported sleeping 7.24 hours (SD=4.10) on workdays and 8.59 hours (SD=2.69) on non-workdays. RA staff working night/rotating versus day shifts reported the most sleep irregularity with larger weekend oversleep times. A little more than half of the staff (53.9%) were knowledgeable regarding youth sleep health with differences by position type. Findings show that DJS staff are meeting recommended sleep duration guidelines but are still experiencing sleep schedule and time in bed irregularity. Knowledge variability of youth sleep health across staff may necessitate focused educational programming. Overall, this study may inform future development and prioritization of sleep and circadian health interventions and educational campaigns for staff who work with detained juveniles.
人们对美国少年司法系统工作人员的睡眠健康状况知之甚少。不良的睡眠健康与不良的身心健康有关,可能会影响到被拘留青少年的日常互动和治疗。本研究探讨了马里兰州(MD)少年服务部(DJS)工作人员的睡眠-觉醒模式和睡眠健康知识。 研究人员邀请少年服务部的工作人员(218 人)填写了一份调查问卷,询问了他们自己的睡眠-觉醒模式、工作角色和时间安排以及对青少年睡眠需求的了解。我们进行了描述性分析和多变量方差分析(MANCOVA),以总结工作人员的睡眠-觉醒模式,并研究不同职位和日程安排对工作人员睡眠-觉醒模式的影响。 51% 的工作人员担任直接监督青少年的住宿顾问 (RA)。略高于一半(55%)的工作人员在拘留所工作,45%在治疗机构工作。据报告,工作人员工作日的睡眠时间为 7.24 小时(标准差=4.10),非工作日为 8.59 小时(标准差=2.69)。上夜班/轮班与上白班的 RA 工作人员睡眠最不规律,周末超时睡眠时间较长。略多于半数的工作人员(53.9%)对青少年睡眠健康有所了解,但不同职位类型的情况有所不同。 调查结果显示,DJS 的工作人员符合建议的睡眠时间准则,但仍然存在睡眠时间和就寝时间不规律的问题。不同员工对青少年睡眠健康的认识存在差异,因此有必要制定有针对性的教育计划。总之,这项研究可以为今后制定睡眠和昼夜节律健康干预措施以及针对与被拘留青少年打交道的工作人员开展教育活动提供参考,并确定其优先次序。
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引用次数: 0
Staying Vigilant about the Sleep-Wake States - Is One Question the Whole Story? 对睡眠-觉醒状态保持警惕--一个问题就能说明一切吗?
Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpae024
Osman S Ipsiroglu, G. Klösch, Karen Spruyt
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引用次数: 0
A tendency towards evening chronotype associates with less healthy diet among preschoolers: cross-sectional findings from the DAGIS study 学龄前儿童的晚时型倾向与较不健康的饮食有关:DAGIS 研究的横断面结果
Pub Date : 2024-04-20 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpae026
A. Abdollahi, Xinyue Li, I. Merikanto, H. Vepsäläinen, R. Lehto, Jenna Rahkola, K. Nissinen, N. Kanerva, Eva Roos, M. Erkkola
Evidence suggests that adolescents and adults with a later chronotype have poorer sleep habits and are more susceptible to unhealthy behaviors, but, little is known about these associations in younger children. The objective of the study was to 1) identify and compare individual chronotype tendencies among preschool-aged children and 2) investigate associations of sleep dimensions and chronotype with diet. Participants were 636 3–6-years-old (mean±sd age: 4.74±0.89 years, 49%girls) preschoolers from the cross-sectional DAGIS study in Finland. Sleep duration, sleep variability (in duration and midpoint), social jetlag, and midsleep on weekends adjusted for sleep debt (MSWEadj) was measured with 7-day actigraphy. Morning, intermediate, and evening chronotype tendencies were defined based on the lowest and highest 10th percentile cutoffs of MSWEadj. Food, energy, and macronutrient intake were assessed from 3-day records. Associations between sleep dimensions and diet were assessed with regression models. MSWEadj was 1:13±14min for morning (n=64), 2:25±28min for intermediate (n=560) and 3:38±15min for evening (n=64) chronotype tendency. Children with an evening chronotype tendency had greater social jetlag and sleep variability. Having an evening chronotype tendency was associated with higher added sugar, higher sugary food consumption, and lower vegetable consumption compared to intermediate tendency types. A later chronotype (MSWEadj) was associated with higher sugary food consumption, as well as lower vegetable and fiber intake. Sleep duration, social jetlag, and sleep variability were not associated with diet. Several less healthy sleep and diet behaviors were observed among children with later chronotypes. Future public health interventions aimed towards children would benefit from taking into account chronotype.
有证据表明,年代型较晚的青少年和成年人睡眠习惯较差,更容易出现不健康行为,但人们对年幼儿童的这些关联知之甚少。本研究的目的是:1)识别和比较学龄前儿童的个人时间型倾向;2)调查睡眠维度和时间型与饮食的关系。 研究对象是芬兰 DAGIS 横向研究中的 636 名 3-6 岁学龄前儿童(平均年龄为 4.74±0.89 岁,49% 为女孩)。睡眠时间、睡眠变异性(持续时间和中点)、社会时差和周末睡眠中点(根据睡眠负债进行调整)通过 7 天动电图进行测量。根据 MSWEadj 的最低和最高 10 百分位数分界线定义了早、中、晚的时间型倾向。通过回归模型评估睡眠维度与饮食之间的关系。 晨间(64人)的MSWEadj为1:13±14分钟,中间(560人)的MSWEadj为2:25±28分钟,晚间(64人)的MSWEadj为3:38±15分钟。具有傍晚时型倾向的儿童有更大的社会时差和睡眠变异性。与中间倾向类型相比,傍晚时间型倾向与较高的添加糖、较高的含糖食品摄入量和较低的蔬菜摄入量有关。较晚的时间型(MSWEadj)与较高的含糖食品摄入量以及较低的蔬菜和纤维摄入量有关。睡眠时间、社会时差和睡眠变化与饮食无关。 在年代型较晚的儿童中发现了一些不太健康的睡眠和饮食行为。未来针对儿童的公共卫生干预措施将从考虑时间型中获益。
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