A. A. Al-Mjbel, A. Mohammed, A. S. Abdlwahid, T. H. Aljumaily, A. M. Mahdi, S. Raouf
The study was conducted to determine the effect of different levels of Labazyme (a multi-enzyme with probiotics) on production and biochemical traits in quail. A total of 180 quail were housed in 12 pens; each group was randomly allocated to four replicates (15 hens/replication); Group 1 was designated as the control, Groups 2 and 3 were supplemented with Labazyme at 1000 and 2000 mg/kg, respectively. The addition of Labazyme to the diet substantially increased quail production compared to the control group, and there was a substantial difference in feed intake and improved feed conversion efficiency, with the Labazyme groups generally superior to the control group. The groups did not differ substantially in egg quality parameters. The economic analysis indicated that Labazyme groups were substantially different to the control group. Globulin, total protein, and alkaline phosphatase were substantially reduced, whereas lipid profiles were reduced in Labazyme groups compared to the control. The glutathione level was increased and a decrease in malondialdehyde levels was observed in all groups. In addition, there were no substantial differences in aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in either group. Labazyme can be used in quail feed as a feed additive to improve egg production and reduce lipid profiles.
{"title":"Effect of different levels of Labazyme supplementation on production and biochemical traits in quail","authors":"A. A. Al-Mjbel, A. Mohammed, A. S. Abdlwahid, T. H. Aljumaily, A. M. Mahdi, S. Raouf","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v52i5.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v52i5.11","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to determine the effect of different levels of Labazyme (a multi-enzyme with probiotics) on production and biochemical traits in quail. A total of 180 quail were housed in 12 pens; each group was randomly allocated to four replicates (15 hens/replication); Group 1 was designated as the control, Groups 2 and 3 were supplemented with Labazyme at 1000 and 2000 mg/kg, respectively. The addition of Labazyme to the diet substantially increased quail production compared to the control group, and there was a substantial difference in feed intake and improved feed conversion efficiency, with the Labazyme groups generally superior to the control group. The groups did not differ substantially in egg quality parameters. The economic analysis indicated that Labazyme groups were substantially different to the control group. Globulin, total protein, and alkaline phosphatase were substantially reduced, whereas lipid profiles were reduced in Labazyme groups compared to the control. The glutathione level was increased and a decrease in malondialdehyde levels was observed in all groups. In addition, there were no substantial differences in aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in either group. Labazyme can be used in quail feed as a feed additive to improve egg production and reduce lipid profiles.","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76561906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olive cake, sometimes also called spent olive, is a low-energy nutrition source. It possesses various biological properties that are antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiviral in property due to its rich polyphenolic compound content. Mucins can be found in the composition of the mucus that cover the surface of the gastrointestinal tract. Feed additives can influence the mucin composition, as well as the height and width of the villi, which are biological appendages tasked to increase the absorption surface in the small intestinal mucosa. The aim of the present study was to determine the histology of the small intestine in Japanese quails fed with olive cake. In the study, mixed-sex quails fed with rations containing different amounts of olive cake were used as the live material. Morphological measurements, Alcian blue/periodic acid–Schiff, and aldehyde fuchsin/Alcian blue histochemical stains were performed on stomach and small intestine tissues taken from quails. Significant increases in villus height, villus width, and crypt depth in duodenum, jejunum, and ileal tissues were determined in control and experimental groups. The increase in crypt depth was greatest in the ileum. In the jejunal tissue, it was determined that the width of the villus decreased in groups 1 and 2 but increased in group 3. In the histochemical evaluation, it was determined that sulphate mucins were intense in the proventriculus, while carboxylic mucins were intense in all three parts of the small intestine. Considering the physiological functions of mucins, olive cake is thought to play an important role in the protection of the mucosa in quails.
{"title":"Intestinal morphology and mucin composition in Japanese quails fed on olive cake","authors":"Z. Karakoç, C. Özcan","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v52i4.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v52i4.07","url":null,"abstract":"Olive cake, sometimes also called spent olive, is a low-energy nutrition source. It possesses various biological properties that are antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiviral in property due to its rich polyphenolic compound content. Mucins can be found in the composition of the mucus that cover the surface of the gastrointestinal tract. Feed additives can influence the mucin composition, as well as the height and width of the villi, which are biological appendages tasked to increase the absorption surface in the small intestinal mucosa. The aim of the present study was to determine the histology of the small intestine in Japanese quails fed with olive cake. In the study, mixed-sex quails fed with rations containing different amounts of olive cake were used as the live material. Morphological measurements, Alcian blue/periodic acid–Schiff, and aldehyde fuchsin/Alcian blue histochemical stains were performed on stomach and small intestine tissues taken from quails. Significant increases in villus height, villus width, and crypt depth in duodenum, jejunum, and ileal tissues were determined in control and experimental groups. The increase in crypt depth was greatest in the ileum. In the jejunal tissue, it was determined that the width of the villus decreased in groups 1 and 2 but increased in group 3. In the histochemical evaluation, it was determined that sulphate mucins were intense in the proventriculus, while carboxylic mucins were intense in all three parts of the small intestine. Considering the physiological functions of mucins, olive cake is thought to play an important role in the protection of the mucosa in quails.","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"495 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80145364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Pires, N. Leandro, M. Café, F. B. Carvalho, D. Jacob, R. A. Noleto-Mendonça, S. D. Assis, J. M. Martins
This study was developed to examine the performance, carcass and cut yields, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal histomorphometry of chickens fed diets supplemented with protected sodium butyrate until 21 days of age. Two experiments were conducted, both of which involved the following treatments: basal diet with inclusion of an antibiotic; basal diet without antibiotic or protected sodium butyrate (PSB; control); basal diet with inclusion of 225 g/t PSB in the pre-starter and starter phases; and basal diet with inclusion of 300 g/t PSB in the pre-starter and starter phases. In the first experiment, 784 male broiler chicks were distributed into the four treatments, with seven replicates of 28 birds, to evaluate performance and carcass and cut yields. In experiment II, 280 male broiler chicks were distributed into the four treatments, with seven replicates of 10 birds, to evaluate intestinal digestibility and histomorphometry. At 42 days of age, the broilers supplemented with 225 g/t PSB had a higher average final weight than the control group. At seven days, the chickens supplemented with 300 g/t PSB exhibited the highest duodenal villus height; those supplemented with 225 or 300g/t PSB or antibiotic showed the greatest jejunal villus height; and those treated with 225 g/t PSB exhibited the highest jejunal villus/crypt ratio. At 21 days of age, the broilers that received 225 g/t PSB showed the highest duodenal and jejunal villus height. The use of protected sodium butyrate in chicken diets up to 21 days of age improves intestinal development and performance until slaughter age.
{"title":"Protected sodium butyrate in chicken diets until 21 days of age improves intestinal development and performance","authors":"M. Pires, N. Leandro, M. Café, F. B. Carvalho, D. Jacob, R. A. Noleto-Mendonça, S. D. Assis, J. M. Martins","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v52i5.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v52i5.03","url":null,"abstract":"This study was developed to examine the performance, carcass and cut yields, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal histomorphometry of chickens fed diets supplemented with protected sodium butyrate until 21 days of age. Two experiments were conducted, both of which involved the following treatments: basal diet with inclusion of an antibiotic; basal diet without antibiotic or protected sodium butyrate (PSB; control); basal diet with inclusion of 225 g/t PSB in the pre-starter and starter phases; and basal diet with inclusion of 300 g/t PSB in the pre-starter and starter phases. In the first experiment, 784 male broiler chicks were distributed into the four treatments, with seven replicates of 28 birds, to evaluate performance and carcass and cut yields. In experiment II, 280 male broiler chicks were distributed into the four treatments, with seven replicates of 10 birds, to evaluate intestinal digestibility and histomorphometry. At 42 days of age, the broilers supplemented with 225 g/t PSB had a higher average final weight than the control group. At seven days, the chickens supplemented with 300 g/t PSB exhibited the highest duodenal villus height; those supplemented with 225 or 300g/t PSB or antibiotic showed the greatest jejunal villus height; and those treated with 225 g/t PSB exhibited the highest jejunal villus/crypt ratio. At 21 days of age, the broilers that received 225 g/t PSB showed the highest duodenal and jejunal villus height. The use of protected sodium butyrate in chicken diets up to 21 days of age improves intestinal development and performance until slaughter age.","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90188101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Manyeula, O. Loeto, K. Phalaagae, L. Baleseng, T. Sebolai, M. Molapisi, T. Khumoetsile, J. Morêki
The effects of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with graded levels of morula kernel cake (MKC) on growth performance and haemo-biochemical parameters in broiler chickens were studied. Four isonitrogenous and iso-caloric diets were formulated by replacing the SBM component at 0, 40, 80 and 120 g/kg with MKC as protein source in grower and finisher diets. One hundred and sixty 2-week-old chicks were randomly allocated to the treatments, which were replicated five times (eight birds/pen). Growth performance and blood parameters were measured. Results showed that neither linear nor quadratic trends were observed for weekly feed intake (WFI), weekly weight gain (WWG), weekly feed conversion ratio (WFCR), and growth performance with MKC levels. However, packed cell volume (PCV) quadratically decreased (Y=37.4±1.2+1.4±0.5+0.13±0.03X²; R2=0.39; p=0.005) with MKC levels, heterophils increased (y=50.9±1.8+1.18±0.73x; R2=0.35, p=0.009) while lymphocytes decreased linearly (y=40.7±1.67-1.42±0.67x; R2=0.35, p=0.02) with MKC levels. There was a linear decrease (Y=0.81±0.02-0.01±0.01x; R2=0.2895; p=0.02) in magnesium while phosphorus increased quadratically with MKC levels. Quadratic trends (Y=17.2±0.6+0.7±0.2+0.04±0.02X²; R2=0.47; p=0.05) were also observed in iron as MKC levels increased. All the parameters of blood biochemistry fell within the normal range for birds. The present results indicate that inclusion of MKC up to 120 g/kg does not result in adverse effects on diet utilisation, growth performance, and health status of Ross 308 broiler chickens, indicating that MKC has the potential to be used as an alternative protein source to SBM.
{"title":"Morula (Sclerocarya birrea) kernel cake as a partial soybean meal replacer in Ross 308 broiler diets: Effects on feed utilisation, growth performance, and selected blood parameters","authors":"F. Manyeula, O. Loeto, K. Phalaagae, L. Baleseng, T. Sebolai, M. Molapisi, T. Khumoetsile, J. Morêki","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v52i6.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v52i6.06","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with graded levels of morula kernel cake (MKC) on growth performance and haemo-biochemical parameters in broiler chickens were studied. Four isonitrogenous and iso-caloric diets were formulated by replacing the SBM component at 0, 40, 80 and 120 g/kg with MKC as protein source in grower and finisher diets. One hundred and sixty 2-week-old chicks were randomly allocated to the treatments, which were replicated five times (eight birds/pen). Growth performance and blood parameters were measured. Results showed that neither linear nor quadratic trends were observed for weekly feed intake (WFI), weekly weight gain (WWG), weekly feed conversion ratio (WFCR), and growth performance with MKC levels. However, packed cell volume (PCV) quadratically decreased (Y=37.4±1.2+1.4±0.5+0.13±0.03X²; R2=0.39; p=0.005) with MKC levels, heterophils increased (y=50.9±1.8+1.18±0.73x; R2=0.35, p=0.009) while lymphocytes decreased linearly (y=40.7±1.67-1.42±0.67x; R2=0.35, p=0.02) with MKC levels. There was a linear decrease (Y=0.81±0.02-0.01±0.01x; R2=0.2895; p=0.02) in magnesium while phosphorus increased quadratically with MKC levels. Quadratic trends (Y=17.2±0.6+0.7±0.2+0.04±0.02X²; R2=0.47; p=0.05) were also observed in iron as MKC levels increased. All the parameters of blood biochemistry fell within the normal range for birds. The present results indicate that inclusion of MKC up to 120 g/kg does not result in adverse effects on diet utilisation, growth performance, and health status of Ross 308 broiler chickens, indicating that MKC has the potential to be used as an alternative protein source to SBM. ","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83288301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. A. Hernández-Marín, P. Pérez-Hernández, C. Cortez-Romero, A. Pro-Martínez, J. Gallegos-Sánchez
The aim of this study was to evaluate ovarian follicular activity, ovulation percentage, and body weight change in response to focused nutrition during synchronization of oestrus with an intravaginal device (CIDR®) (9 days) in Pelibuey ewes with high and low body condition. Seventy-two non-pregnant ewes without offspring were randomly distributed to one of four treatments, namely T1: (n = 18) ewes without focused nutrition and low body condition; T2: (n = 18) ewes without focused nutrition and high body condition; T3: (n = 18) ewes with focused nutrition and low body condition; and T4: (n = 18) ewes with focused nutrition and high body condition. While the CIDR device was in place, the ewes with focused nutrition received a supplement of 1.5 kg ewe/day, which contained 2.9 MCal metabolizable energy, 16% crude protein, 88.5% dry matter, 11.8% crude fibre, and 6.7% of ash. The concentration of progesterone (P4) was measured to determine ovulation percentage. The follicular population was quantified (2–3 mm, 4–5 mm, and >6 mm in diameter). The number of follicles between 2–3 mm and 4–5 mm in diameter was similar among treatments. The number of follicles >6 mm in diameter was higher in T4 ewes (2.2 ± 0.2) compared with T1, T2, and T3. The response to oestrus, the onset of oestrus, and the ovulation percentage were similar among treatments. Focused nutrition increased the number of ovarian follicles >6 mm in diameter in ewes with high body condition.
{"title":"Focused nutrition during oestrus synchronization in Pelibuey ewes with different body conditions","authors":"J. A. Hernández-Marín, P. Pérez-Hernández, C. Cortez-Romero, A. Pro-Martínez, J. Gallegos-Sánchez","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v52i4.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v52i4.09","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate ovarian follicular activity, ovulation percentage, and body weight change in response to focused nutrition during synchronization of oestrus with an intravaginal device (CIDR®) (9 days) in Pelibuey ewes with high and low body condition. Seventy-two non-pregnant ewes without offspring were randomly distributed to one of four treatments, namely T1: (n = 18) ewes without focused nutrition and low body condition; T2: (n = 18) ewes without focused nutrition and high body condition; T3: (n = 18) ewes with focused nutrition and low body condition; and T4: (n = 18) ewes with focused nutrition and high body condition. While the CIDR device was in place, the ewes with focused nutrition received a supplement of 1.5 kg ewe/day, which contained 2.9 MCal metabolizable energy, 16% crude protein, 88.5% dry matter, 11.8% crude fibre, and 6.7% of ash. The concentration of progesterone (P4) was measured to determine ovulation percentage. The follicular population was quantified (2–3 mm, 4–5 mm, and >6 mm in diameter). The number of follicles between 2–3 mm and 4–5 mm in diameter was similar among treatments. The number of follicles >6 mm in diameter was higher in T4 ewes (2.2 ± 0.2) compared with T1, T2, and T3. The response to oestrus, the onset of oestrus, and the ovulation percentage were similar among treatments. Focused nutrition increased the number of ovarian follicles >6 mm in diameter in ewes with high body condition.","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75068238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main objective of the present research was to study the change in fatty acid (FA) composition of milk fat in a Carpathian local breed during grazing on two plots characterized by a different cover with herbaceous species and woody (only herbaceous species: H and high woody species cover: W) allowances with or without concentrate supplementation (Cs: 500 g concentrate/head/d). Thus, four treatments resulted: H-U: only herbaceous species-unsupplemented, H-Cs: only herbaceous species-concentrate supplementation, W-U: high woody species-unsupplemented, W-Cs: high woody species-concentrate supplementation. Individual milk production (n = 10) was recorded daily, and milk samples were collected weekly for a seven-week period (June to August) and analysed for fat, protein, lactose, urea-N, and FAs. Milk production was not influenced by the type of pasture. The daily production of milk, 3.5% fat-corrected milk, and protein level increased and the content of fat and urea-N reduced with concentrate supplementation, whereas the content of lactose was similar. The botanical composition of pasture markedly influenced the FA profile of goat milk fat. The goats grazing in scrubland (W group) produced milk fat with higher concentrations of monounsaturated FA (C18:1 t11, vaccenic acid, VA) and polyunsaturated FA (omega 3 and conjugated linoleic acid, CLA) and lower concentrations of hypercholesterolaemic FA (HFA; C12:0 + C14:0 + C16:0). Regardless of the botanical composition of the pasture, milk fat of unsupplemented grazed goats had the lowest proportion of HFA, as well as the highest proportions of C18:1 c9, VA, RA (rumenic acid, C18:2 c9,t11), and total n-3 FA compared to the Cs groups (supplemented with concentrate). Concentrate supplementation increased short-chain FA and saturated FA content. In contrast, percentages of the nutritionally desirable FA (C18:3 c9, c12, c15; C18:2 c9, t11, C18:1 t11; C20:5n-3; C22:5n-3, and total n-3 FA) were substantially lower, whereas levels of total n-6 FA, n-6:n-3 ratio, atherogenicity index (AI), and thrombogenicity index (TI) were substantially higher in milk from Cs groups. No interactions occurred between pasture type and concentrate supplementation for milk FA composition. It is concluded that the milk from goats kept unsupplemented on the natural pasture were better in terms of nutraceutical parameters advantageous to human nutrition than the milk produced by concentrate supplementation.
{"title":"Influence of feeding on different types of pasture on the fatty acid profile and health indices of goat milk","authors":"D. Mierliță","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v52i5.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v52i5.08","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of the present research was to study the change in fatty acid (FA) composition of milk fat in a Carpathian local breed during grazing on two plots characterized by a different cover with herbaceous species and woody (only herbaceous species: H and high woody species cover: W) allowances with or without concentrate supplementation (Cs: 500 g concentrate/head/d). Thus, four treatments resulted: H-U: only herbaceous species-unsupplemented, H-Cs: only herbaceous species-concentrate supplementation, W-U: high woody species-unsupplemented, W-Cs: high woody species-concentrate supplementation. Individual milk production (n = 10) was recorded daily, and milk samples were collected weekly for a seven-week period (June to August) and analysed for fat, protein, lactose, urea-N, and FAs. Milk production was not influenced by the type of pasture. The daily production of milk, 3.5% fat-corrected milk, and protein level increased and the content of fat and urea-N reduced with concentrate supplementation, whereas the content of lactose was similar. The botanical composition of pasture markedly influenced the FA profile of goat milk fat. The goats grazing in scrubland (W group) produced milk fat with higher concentrations of monounsaturated FA (C18:1 t11, vaccenic acid, VA) and polyunsaturated FA (omega 3 and conjugated linoleic acid, CLA) and lower concentrations of hypercholesterolaemic FA (HFA; C12:0 + C14:0 + C16:0). Regardless of the botanical composition of the pasture, milk fat of unsupplemented grazed goats had the lowest proportion of HFA, as well as the highest proportions of C18:1 c9, VA, RA (rumenic acid, C18:2 c9,t11), and total n-3 FA compared to the Cs groups (supplemented with concentrate). Concentrate supplementation increased short-chain FA and saturated FA content. In contrast, percentages of the nutritionally desirable FA (C18:3 c9, c12, c15; C18:2 c9, t11, C18:1 t11; C20:5n-3; C22:5n-3, and total n-3 FA) were substantially lower, whereas levels of total n-6 FA, n-6:n-3 ratio, atherogenicity index (AI), and thrombogenicity index (TI) were substantially higher in milk from Cs groups. No interactions occurred between pasture type and concentrate supplementation for milk FA composition. It is concluded that the milk from goats kept unsupplemented on the natural pasture were better in terms of nutraceutical parameters advantageous to human nutrition than the milk produced by concentrate supplementation.","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77147454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to determine the post-mortem meat quality characteristics of extensively reared Tankwa goats to identify the most favourable age and sex for slaughter. Twenty-four goats, representing five groups, namely young intact males (G1), young females (G25), young castrates (G3), old males (G4), and females (G5), were selected directly from their natural grazing environment and slaughtered to evaluate meat quality characteristics. The Musculus longissimus and Musculus semimembranosus from the right side of each carcass were evaluated. Dressing percentage and chilling losses did not differ significantly between the groups. Ultimate pH at 24 hours after slaughter was higher for males than females. Meat colour, water-holding capacity, and sarcomere length did not differ between groups. Myofibril fragmentation length (MFL) was on average less than 40 μm and was shorter in younger animals. There were no significant differences in cooking loss and thawing loss for M. longissimus and M. semimembranosus between groups. There were no significant differences in Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) between groups for meat from the M. semimembranosus. However, WBSF of the M. longissimus was higher in older animals. Overall, meat from these goats can be regarded as tender because meat with a WBSF below 5.5 is considered as tender.
{"title":"Meat quality characteristics of Tankwa goats from Carnarvon, Northern Cape","authors":"T. Sako, H. A. O’Neill, T. Sedumedi","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v52i4.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v52i4.01","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine the post-mortem meat quality characteristics of extensively reared Tankwa goats to identify the most favourable age and sex for slaughter. Twenty-four goats, representing five groups, namely young intact males (G1), young females (G25), young castrates (G3), old males (G4), and females (G5), were selected directly from their natural grazing environment and slaughtered to evaluate meat quality characteristics. The Musculus longissimus and Musculus semimembranosus from the right side of each carcass were evaluated. Dressing percentage and chilling losses did not differ significantly between the groups. Ultimate pH at 24 hours after slaughter was higher for males than females. Meat colour, water-holding capacity, and sarcomere length did not differ between groups. Myofibril fragmentation length (MFL) was on average less than 40 μm and was shorter in younger animals. There were no significant differences in cooking loss and thawing loss for M. longissimus and M. semimembranosus between groups. There were no significant differences in Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) between groups for meat from the M. semimembranosus. However, WBSF of the M. longissimus was higher in older animals. Overall, meat from these goats can be regarded as tender because meat with a WBSF below 5.5 is considered as tender.","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79258599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Bonos, I. Skoufos, I. Giannenas, K. Fotou, E. Sidiropoulou, O. Tsiftsoglou, D. Lazari, D. Galamatis, I. Stylianaki, A. Tzora
The health and productivity of broiler chickens are related to their intestinal microbiota, which may be influenced by supplemented feed components. This trial intended to evaluate the effects of a dietary mixture of essential oils from oregano (Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum), sage (Salvia triloba L.), and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L.) on broiler chicken growth performance, intestinal microbiota, intestinal morphology, and meat chemical composition and oxidative stability. A total of 288 one-day-old male Ross-308 chicks were randomly assigned to four treatments with six replicate pens (12 chicks per pen). The chicks of the control treatment were fed typical commercial maize and soybean meal rations in mash form. The rations of the other three treatments were supplemented with a mixture of essential oils at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, respectively. At the end of the trial (day 42), tissue samples were collected for analysis. Major bioactive components of the three essential oils were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Essential oil supplementation increased the radical scavenging capacity and the total phenolic content of the feeds. Performance parameters (weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, European production efficiency factor) were not affected significantly by the supplementation. Intestinal microflora populations (determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry) were modified significantly in both the cecum and the jejunum. Breast and thigh meat oxidative stability under refrigerated storage was improved significantly. Additional research is required to elucidate the potential synergistic effects of dietary mixtures of essential oils.
{"title":"Augmenting broiler diets with essential oils affects growth, intestinal microbiota and morphology, and meat quality","authors":"E. Bonos, I. Skoufos, I. Giannenas, K. Fotou, E. Sidiropoulou, O. Tsiftsoglou, D. Lazari, D. Galamatis, I. Stylianaki, A. Tzora","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v52i4.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v52i4.11","url":null,"abstract":"The health and productivity of broiler chickens are related to their intestinal microbiota, which may be influenced by supplemented feed components. This trial intended to evaluate the effects of a dietary mixture of essential oils from oregano (Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum), sage (Salvia triloba L.), and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L.) on broiler chicken growth performance, intestinal microbiota, intestinal morphology, and meat chemical composition and oxidative stability. A total of 288 one-day-old male Ross-308 chicks were randomly assigned to four treatments with six replicate pens (12 chicks per pen). The chicks of the control treatment were fed typical commercial maize and soybean meal rations in mash form. The rations of the other three treatments were supplemented with a mixture of essential oils at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, respectively. At the end of the trial (day 42), tissue samples were collected for analysis. Major bioactive components of the three essential oils were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Essential oil supplementation increased the radical scavenging capacity and the total phenolic content of the feeds. Performance parameters (weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, European production efficiency factor) were not affected significantly by the supplementation. Intestinal microflora populations (determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry) were modified significantly in both the cecum and the jejunum. Breast and thigh meat oxidative stability under refrigerated storage was improved significantly. Additional research is required to elucidate the potential synergistic effects of dietary mixtures of essential oils.","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79258670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Topal, Ö. Ceylan, R. I. Tunca, V. Bay, S. Aldemir, H. Inci, U. Topcuoglu, M. Kösoğlu
Colony development in honey bees depends on both the environmental conditions and their genetic structure. Nutrition is the one of the most important factors in the honey bee’s health. This study was carried out in 48 colonies and included six groups (a control and five feeding groups). In the experiment, the effect of different feeding strategies on intestinal flora and the presence of Nosema was investigated. Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas luteola, Burkholderia cepacia, Brevibacillus nitrificans, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Aeromonas hydrophila, and P. alcalidimonas were detected in the intestinal microflora of the bee samples by morphological and phenotypic identification. The results of phenotypic identification were confirmed using 16S rRNA sequence analysis for P. agglomerans and B. nitrificans strains. The presence of Nosema was simultaneously investigated in all groups. Only Nosema cerenae was detected using DNA analysis in the positive Nosema spore samples.
{"title":"The effect of different feeding strategies on honey bee gut microbiota and the presence of Nosema","authors":"E. Topal, Ö. Ceylan, R. I. Tunca, V. Bay, S. Aldemir, H. Inci, U. Topcuoglu, M. Kösoğlu","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v52i5.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v52i5.02","url":null,"abstract":"Colony development in honey bees depends on both the environmental conditions and their genetic structure. Nutrition is the one of the most important factors in the honey bee’s health. This study was carried out in 48 colonies and included six groups (a control and five feeding groups). In the experiment, the effect of different feeding strategies on intestinal flora and the presence of Nosema was investigated. Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas luteola, Burkholderia cepacia, Brevibacillus nitrificans, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Aeromonas hydrophila, and P. alcalidimonas were detected in the intestinal microflora of the bee samples by morphological and phenotypic identification. The results of phenotypic identification were confirmed using 16S rRNA sequence analysis for P. agglomerans and B. nitrificans strains. The presence of Nosema was simultaneously investigated in all groups. Only Nosema cerenae was detected using DNA analysis in the positive Nosema spore samples.","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"191 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75059533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MiR-215 maintains a high level of expression in healthy pig intestine and is decreased in lesions or injuries. To clarify the influence of miR-215 on the porcine intestine, miR-215 mimic/inhibitor was transfected into the intestinal porcine epithelial cell line, J2 (IPEC-J2) to overexpress or suppress the expression of miR-215. The treated cells were subjected to various functional assays. The effect of miR-215 on global gene expression was detected using high-throughput sequencing on the BGISEQ500 platform; cell proliferation was evaluated using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8); and the role of miR215 on cellular metabolism was tested using non-targeted metabonomics and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Our results revealed that miR-215 promoted cell proliferation in IPEC-J2, up-regulated the expression of the ribosomal protein family, and downregulated the expression of oncogenesis-related genes and tumour-suppressor genes. Results of the RNA sequencing and the metabonomics detection reveal that miR-215 affects the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway. Our results contribute to further research on miR-215 in the regulation of barrier function and metabolism in the porcine intestine.
{"title":"Effect of microRNA, miR-215, on gene expression and metabolism of porcine intestinal epithelial cells","authors":"Hongyi Li, Mao Zhang, Wenjuan Liu","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v52i6.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v52i6.14","url":null,"abstract":"MiR-215 maintains a high level of expression in healthy pig intestine and is decreased in lesions or injuries. To clarify the influence of miR-215 on the porcine intestine, miR-215 mimic/inhibitor was transfected into the intestinal porcine epithelial cell line, J2 (IPEC-J2) to overexpress or suppress the expression of miR-215. The treated cells were subjected to various functional assays. The effect of miR-215 on global gene expression was detected using high-throughput sequencing on the BGISEQ500 platform; cell proliferation was evaluated using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8); and the role of miR215 on cellular metabolism was tested using non-targeted metabonomics and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Our results revealed that miR-215 promoted cell proliferation in IPEC-J2, up-regulated the expression of the ribosomal protein family, and downregulated the expression of oncogenesis-related genes and tumour-suppressor genes. Results of the RNA sequencing and the metabonomics detection reveal that miR-215 affects the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway. Our results contribute to further research on miR-215 in the regulation of barrier function and metabolism in the porcine intestine.","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77885077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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