P. O. Nesello, C. Eyng, R. Nunes, E. Argandoña, C. Correia, J. Broch, N. Rohloff Junior, V. Savaris, E. C. dos Santos
The dietary inclusion of hydroethanolic extract of guavira seed or peel was evaluated on broiler performance, intestinal morphometry, carcass yield, and meat quality. A total of 1,680 male chicks, one day old, were distributed in a 2×5+2 factorial design (hydroethanolic extract of guavira seed (HEGS) or hydroethanolic extract of guavira peel (HEGP); 100; 200; 300; 400 and 500 mg/kg of inclusion and a positive control (PC) with antibiotics and negative control (NC) without growth promoter), with seven replicates and 20 birds each. A better feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed from days 1–7 and days 1–21 on the PC diet than on the NC diet. FCR from 1–7d of broilers on PC was better than those on HEGS or HEGP, and this better FCR was maintained until 21 d for the HEGS treatment. The HEGP diet showed lower average feed intake and better FCR for the total period compared to NC diets. Higher carcass yield and a higher L15 value for breast meat was observed in the HEGP group compared to HEGS. Broilers fed the PC diet showed a higher a* value 15 min and 24 h postmortem, higher water retention capacity in breast meat compared to birds fed HEGS, and a higher value of a* 24 h postmortem than those receiving NC. The inclusion of 100 to 500 mg/kg of HEGP or HEGS did not improve performance, intestinal morphometry, and carcass characteristics when compared to the performance-enhancing antibiotic. However, the HEGP diet provided better performance of broilers than the non-use of growth promoter additives in the diet.
{"title":"Performance and meat quality of broiler chickens fed diets containing hydroethanolic extract of guavira seed or peel","authors":"P. O. Nesello, C. Eyng, R. Nunes, E. Argandoña, C. Correia, J. Broch, N. Rohloff Junior, V. Savaris, E. C. dos Santos","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v52i5.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v52i5.14","url":null,"abstract":"The dietary inclusion of hydroethanolic extract of guavira seed or peel was evaluated on broiler performance, intestinal morphometry, carcass yield, and meat quality. A total of 1,680 male chicks, one day old, were distributed in a 2×5+2 factorial design (hydroethanolic extract of guavira seed (HEGS) or hydroethanolic extract of guavira peel (HEGP); 100; 200; 300; 400 and 500 mg/kg of inclusion and a positive control (PC) with antibiotics and negative control (NC) without growth promoter), with seven replicates and 20 birds each. A better feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed from days 1–7 and days 1–21 on the PC diet than on the NC diet. FCR from 1–7d of broilers on PC was better than those on HEGS or HEGP, and this better FCR was maintained until 21 d for the HEGS treatment. The HEGP diet showed lower average feed intake and better FCR for the total period compared to NC diets. Higher carcass yield and a higher L15 value for breast meat was observed in the HEGP group compared to HEGS. Broilers fed the PC diet showed a higher a* value 15 min and 24 h postmortem, higher water retention capacity in breast meat compared to birds fed HEGS, and a higher value of a* 24 h postmortem than those receiving NC. The inclusion of 100 to 500 mg/kg of HEGP or HEGS did not improve performance, intestinal morphometry, and carcass characteristics when compared to the performance-enhancing antibiotic. However, the HEGP diet provided better performance of broilers than the non-use of growth promoter additives in the diet.","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90121595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the effect of far-infrared ray (FIR) illumination on performance, blood biochemistry, and faecal microflora of laying hens at different production stages. A total of 360 Hy-line brown laying hens were randomly allocated in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with six replicates. Hens were distributed in two production stages (30–39 and 45–54 weeks-old). Each group was exposed to two light types (light emitting diode; LED and LED+FIR) in separate rooms. The LED treatment illuminated a wavelength of 650 ± 10 nm (0.65 ± 0.01 μm), while LED+FIR treatment emitted 15 ± 10 μm with an LED wavelength. The results showed an interaction between egg production stages and light types on the serum triglyceride concentration. The hens exposed to the LED+FIR and LED treatments showed similar egg production, feed intake, egg weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), as well as albumen height, haugh unit, and shell thickness of eggs. LED+FIR substantially decreased the concentration of serum cholesterol (CHOL), HDL cholesterol (HDLC), and triglyceride (TG) compared to LED lighting. LED+FIR substantially reduced the number of total microbes, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella in faeces compared to birds exposed to LED light. These findings suggest that LED+FIR lights may improve hen health and the hen house environment.
{"title":"Effects of far infrared ray illumination on the performance, blood biochemistry, and faecal microflora of laying hens at different production stages","authors":"C. Lim, H. Kim, A. You, K. N. Heo, H. Choo","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v53i1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v53i1.08","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effect of far-infrared ray (FIR) illumination on performance, blood biochemistry, and faecal microflora of laying hens at different production stages. A total of 360 Hy-line brown laying hens were randomly allocated in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with six replicates. Hens were distributed in two production stages (30–39 and 45–54 weeks-old). Each group was exposed to two light types (light emitting diode; LED and LED+FIR) in separate rooms. The LED treatment illuminated a wavelength of 650 ± 10 nm (0.65 ± 0.01 μm), while LED+FIR treatment emitted 15 ± 10 μm with an LED wavelength. The results showed an interaction between egg production stages and light types on the serum triglyceride concentration. The hens exposed to the LED+FIR and LED treatments showed similar egg production, feed intake, egg weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), as well as albumen height, haugh unit, and shell thickness of eggs. LED+FIR substantially decreased the concentration of serum cholesterol (CHOL), HDL cholesterol (HDLC), and triglyceride (TG) compared to LED lighting. LED+FIR substantially reduced the number of total microbes, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella in faeces compared to birds exposed to LED light. These findings suggest that LED+FIR lights may improve hen health and the hen house environment.","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90284823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Estrada-Angulo, J. Ramos-Méndez, J. D. Urías-Estrada, B. I. Castro-Pérez, A. Barreras, R. Zinn, L. Corona, X. Perea-Domínguez, I. G. Martínez-Alvarez, Alejandro Plascencia
The objective of this experiment was to compare the effects of dietary supplementation with cooking grease recovered from rinse-trap water lines (rinse-trap grease; RTG) versus conventional supplemental fats (tallow; TL, and yellow grease; YG) on 84-d growth performance, dietary energy, and carcass traits of feedlot lambs. Forty-eight Pelibuey × Katahdin lambs (27.7 ± 3.4 kg) were assigned in a randomized complete block design to evaluate: 1) basal diet without supplemental fat (Control); 2) 4% TL; 3) 4% YG, and 4) 4% RTG. Supplemental fats replaced maize in the control diet. Rinse-trap grease contained greater moisture (16.5 vs 0.92%) and impurities (3.6 vs 0.56%), and less total fatty acid (64.90 vs 89.60%) than that of conventional fats (TL and YG). Daily weight gain and gain efficiency were similar for control and RTG supplemental lambs, whereas ADG and gain efficiency were greater for lambs fed conventional fats than control or RTG-supplemented lambs. Both dietary net energy (NE) as well as ratio of observed-to-expected dietary NE were 4% greater for lambs supplemented with conventional fats vs RTG. Supplemental fat increased fat deposition but did not affect any other carcass measures or non-fat visceral mass. Estimated NE value for RTG was 57% of the average NE value (6.11 Mcal/kg) of tested conventional fats. Supplementation with RTG does not affect diet acceptability, and accordingly, is a suitable energy source for feedlot lambs. However, due to its lower total fatty acid content, its energy value is much lower than conventional supplemental fats.
本试验的目的是比较饲粮中添加从冲洗疏水管道中回收的烹饪油脂(冲洗疏水油脂;RTG)与传统补充脂肪(牛脂;TL、黄色油脂;YG)对饲用羔羊84 d生长性能、日粮能量和胴体性状的影响。选取48只Pelibuey × Katahdin羔羊(27.7±3.4 kg)，采用完全随机区组设计进行试验:1)不添加脂肪的基础饲粮(对照组);2) 4% tl;3) 4% YG, 4) 4% RTG。补充脂肪代替对照饮食中的玉米。与传统脂肪(TL和YG)相比，冲洗捕集器油脂含有更高的水分(16.5% vs 0.92%)和杂质(3.6 vs 0.56%)，总脂肪酸(64.90 vs 89.60%)更少。对照组和RTG添加组羔羊的日增重和增重效率相似，而常规脂肪组羔羊的日增重和增重效率高于对照组和RTG添加组羔羊。与RTG相比，添加常规脂肪的羔羊饲粮净能(NE)和观察值与预期值之比均高出4%。补充脂肪增加了脂肪沉积，但不影响任何其他胴体测量或非脂肪内脏质量。RTG的NE值估计为测试常规脂肪平均NE值(6.11 Mcal/kg)的57%。饲粮中添加RTG不影响羔羊的可接受性，是饲粮羔羊适宜的能量源。然而，由于其总脂肪酸含量较低，其能量值远低于传统的补充脂肪。
{"title":"Comparative energy value of cooked grease recovered from rinse-trap water lines used as dietary fat source for feedlot lambs","authors":"A. Estrada-Angulo, J. Ramos-Méndez, J. D. Urías-Estrada, B. I. Castro-Pérez, A. Barreras, R. Zinn, L. Corona, X. Perea-Domínguez, I. G. Martínez-Alvarez, Alejandro Plascencia","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v52i5.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v52i5.12","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this experiment was to compare the effects of dietary supplementation with cooking grease recovered from rinse-trap water lines (rinse-trap grease; RTG) versus conventional supplemental fats (tallow; TL, and yellow grease; YG) on 84-d growth performance, dietary energy, and carcass traits of feedlot lambs. Forty-eight Pelibuey × Katahdin lambs (27.7 ± 3.4 kg) were assigned in a randomized complete block design to evaluate: 1) basal diet without supplemental fat (Control); 2) 4% TL; 3) 4% YG, and 4) 4% RTG. Supplemental fats replaced maize in the control diet. Rinse-trap grease contained greater moisture (16.5 vs 0.92%) and impurities (3.6 vs 0.56%), and less total fatty acid (64.90 vs 89.60%) than that of conventional fats (TL and YG). Daily weight gain and gain efficiency were similar for control and RTG supplemental lambs, whereas ADG and gain efficiency were greater for lambs fed conventional fats than control or RTG-supplemented lambs. Both dietary net energy (NE) as well as ratio of observed-to-expected dietary NE were 4% greater for lambs supplemented with conventional fats vs RTG. Supplemental fat increased fat deposition but did not affect any other carcass measures or non-fat visceral mass. Estimated NE value for RTG was 57% of the average NE value (6.11 Mcal/kg) of tested conventional fats. Supplementation with RTG does not affect diet acceptability, and accordingly, is a suitable energy source for feedlot lambs. However, due to its lower total fatty acid content, its energy value is much lower than conventional supplemental fats.","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83943731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. M. Maia, D. Grieser, A. Ton, D. R. Aquino, M. F. Paulino, J. Toledo, S. Marcato
The aim of this study was to determine the best level of inclusion of natural (marigold flower extract) and synthetic (canthaxanthin) pigments in the diet of light laying hens from 75 to 85 weeks old in terms of effects on performance, egg quality, and economic viability of production. A total of 288 laying hens were used in a completely randomized design, with a 4 x 4 factorial arrangement, with four levels of marigold flower extract (2.10; 2.40; 2.70; 3.00 ppm) and four of canthaxanthin (0. 40; 0.70; 1.00; 1.30 ppm), with three replications and six hens per experimental unit. The feed conversion by mass of eggs, egg mass, and egg laying rate showed linear improvement with the inclusion of canthaxanthin. The yolk index showed a quadratic effect with the inclusion of marigold and canthaxanthin, presenting a better estimate with diets containing 2.60 ppm/kg of marigold feed and 0.95 ppm/kg of canthaxanthin feed. The percentage of yolk and the Haugh unit increased linearly with the rising levels of marigold, whereas the percentage of albumen decreased linearly. In the evaluation of the YolkFan DSM® and the redness/yellowness, chroma (a*) presented a quadratic effect for the inclusion of marigold (2.73 and 2.80 ppm/kg of feed) and linear increase with canthaxanthin. It was concluded that the best yolk index was with 2.60 ppm/kg marigold flower extract and 0.95 ppm/kg canthaxanthin in the diet of light laying hens from 75 to 85 weeks old.
{"title":"Performance and egg quality of light laying hens fed with canthaxanthin and marigold flower extract","authors":"K. M. Maia, D. Grieser, A. Ton, D. R. Aquino, M. F. Paulino, J. Toledo, S. Marcato","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v52i4.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v52i4.03","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine the best level of inclusion of natural (marigold flower extract) and synthetic (canthaxanthin) pigments in the diet of light laying hens from 75 to 85 weeks old in terms of effects on performance, egg quality, and economic viability of production. A total of 288 laying hens were used in a completely randomized design, with a 4 x 4 factorial arrangement, with four levels of marigold flower extract (2.10; 2.40; 2.70; 3.00 ppm) and four of canthaxanthin (0. 40; 0.70; 1.00; 1.30 ppm), with three replications and six hens per experimental unit. The feed conversion by mass of eggs, egg mass, and egg laying rate showed linear improvement with the inclusion of canthaxanthin. The yolk index showed a quadratic effect with the inclusion of marigold and canthaxanthin, presenting a better estimate with diets containing 2.60 ppm/kg of marigold feed and 0.95 ppm/kg of canthaxanthin feed. The percentage of yolk and the Haugh unit increased linearly with the rising levels of marigold, whereas the percentage of albumen decreased linearly. In the evaluation of the YolkFan DSM® and the redness/yellowness, chroma (a*) presented a quadratic effect for the inclusion of marigold (2.73 and 2.80 ppm/kg of feed) and linear increase with canthaxanthin. It was concluded that the best yolk index was with 2.60 ppm/kg marigold flower extract and 0.95 ppm/kg canthaxanthin in the diet of light laying hens from 75 to 85 weeks old.","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81681394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Al-Amri, I. Kadim, A. Alkindi, Q. Haq, D. Al-Ajmi, A. Haemd, R. Quibol, R. Al-Magbali, S. Khalaf, K. Hosni
This study was designed to compare the effect of non-electrical stunning and electrical stunning on bleeding efficiency, meat quality characteristics, bacterial count, and histology of longissimus thoraces, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, infraspinatus, semimembranosus, and triceps brachii muscles of goats. Forty goats were randomly divided into two groups: electrical stunning and non-electrical stunning with 20 animals each. Low frequency head-only electrical stunning of 1 Amp for 3 s at a frequency of 50 Hz was used. The slaughter was performed by severing the carotid artery, jugular vein, trachea, and oesophagus. Six muscles were kept in a chiller at 3–4 ºC for 24 h before quality measurements. Samples from the infraspinatus, longissimus thoraces, and semitendinosus muscles were preserved to evaluate histological features. Muscle samples from the non-electrical stunning group had substantially higher blood loss and lower bacterial counts after 72 h across the six muscles compared to the electrical stunning group. No significant differences in meat quality parameters were evident between the two groups. The stained sections of the electrically-stunned muscle samples detected alteration phenomena due to the presence of muscle fibres with split myofibres and myofibres with central rather than peripheral nuclei. Electrical stunning prior to slaughter increased bacterial contamination, decreased blood loss, and altered the position of muscle nuclei.
{"title":"The effect of pre-slaughter electrical stunning on bleeding efficiency, meat quality, histology, and microbial count of several goat muscles","authors":"I. Al-Amri, I. Kadim, A. Alkindi, Q. Haq, D. Al-Ajmi, A. Haemd, R. Quibol, R. Al-Magbali, S. Khalaf, K. Hosni","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v52i5.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v52i5.07","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to compare the effect of non-electrical stunning and electrical stunning on bleeding efficiency, meat quality characteristics, bacterial count, and histology of longissimus thoraces, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, infraspinatus, semimembranosus, and triceps brachii muscles of goats. Forty goats were randomly divided into two groups: electrical stunning and non-electrical stunning with 20 animals each. Low frequency head-only electrical stunning of 1 Amp for 3 s at a frequency of 50 Hz was used. The slaughter was performed by severing the carotid artery, jugular vein, trachea, and oesophagus. Six muscles were kept in a chiller at 3–4 ºC for 24 h before quality measurements. Samples from the infraspinatus, longissimus thoraces, and semitendinosus muscles were preserved to evaluate histological features. Muscle samples from the non-electrical stunning group had substantially higher blood loss and lower bacterial counts after 72 h across the six muscles compared to the electrical stunning group. No significant differences in meat quality parameters were evident between the two groups. The stained sections of the electrically-stunned muscle samples detected alteration phenomena due to the presence of muscle fibres with split myofibres and myofibres with central rather than peripheral nuclei. Electrical stunning prior to slaughter increased bacterial contamination, decreased blood loss, and altered the position of muscle nuclei.","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89126410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abolfazl Farmani, M. Hedayati, M. Yari, Mehdi Ghabooli
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary Piriformospora indica (PI) and clove essence (CE) and a combination of them (synbiotic) on performance and biochemical parameters after induction of stress using dexamethasone. The experiment was performed with 320 male, one-day-old chicks (Ross 308) using eight experimental groups and five replications. In each replication, eight chickens were fed a maize–soy-based diet. Experimental groups included group 1 (T1): control diet (based on maize and soybean without any feed additives); group 2 (T2): control diet with 0.2 cc dexamethasone injection; group 3 (T3): control diet with 11.6 cc CE; group 4 (T4): control diet with 10 mg PI; group 5 (T5): control diet with 11.6 cc of CE with 0.2 cc injection of dexamethasone; group 6 (T6): control diet with 10 mg PI and 0.2 cc of dexamethasone; group 7 (T7): control diet with synbiotic containing 10 mg of PI with 11.6 cc of CE; group 8 (T8): control diet with synbiotic containing 10 mg of PI and 11.6 cc of CE with 0.2 mg dexamethasone injection. PI and CE were poured into the drinking water during the rearing period. After 31, 33, 38, and 40 days, 2 mg/kg BW of dexamethasone was injected in the right breast muscle of experimental groups 2, 5, 6, and 8; after 35 and 42 days, samples were taken. The addition of CE, PI, and the synbiotic, caused an increase in body weight gain, feed intake, and reduced FCR compared to the control group in experimental groups 3, 4, and 7. The addition of 11.6 cc CE and 10 mg of PI caused an increase in body weight gain and feed intake and reduced FCR compared to the control group. Dexamethasone (0.2 mg) led to damage of the lymph organs, body weight loss, a reduction in humoral immunity, and side effects on performance parameters. Clove extract and the prebiotic reduced the adverse effects of dexamethasone.
本试验旨在研究在地塞米松诱导应激后，饲粮中添加梨形孢子菌(PI)和丁香香精(CE)及其组合(合成物)对肉鸡生产性能和生化指标的影响。试验选用1日龄雄性罗斯308鸡320只，分为8个试验组，5个重复。在每个重复实验中，8只鸡饲喂玉米-大豆为基础的饲粮。试验组包括:1组(T1):对照饲粮(以玉米和大豆为基础，不添加任何饲料添加剂);2组(T2):对照组饲粮加0.2 cc地塞米松注射液;3组(T3):添加11.6 cc CE的对照饲粮;4组(T4):对照组饲粮中添加10 mg PI;5组(T5):对照组饲粮中添加11.6 cc CE，同时注射0.2 cc地塞米松;第6组(T6):对照组饲粮中添加PI 10 mg和地塞米松0.2 cc;第7组(T7):对照组饲粮中添加10 mg PI和11.6 cc CE;8组(T8):对照组饲粮中添加PI 10 mg、CE 11.6 cc和地塞米松注射液0.2 mg。在饲养期间将PI和CE倒入饮用水中。试验31、33、38、40 d后，实验组2、5、6、8右胸肌注射地塞米松2 mg/kg BW;第35天和第42天分别取标本。试验3、4、7组中添加CE、PI和合成菌，与对照组相比，增重、采食量增加，饲料转化率降低。与对照组相比，添加11.6 cc CE和10 mg PI增加了体增重和采食量，降低了饲料转化率。地塞米松(0.2 mg)导致淋巴器官损伤、体重减轻、体液免疫降低以及对性能参数的副作用。丁香提取物和益生元减少了地塞米松的不良反应。
{"title":"Influence of a Piriformospora indica plant-specific fungus and clove essence on broiler health and performance parameters during oxidative stress","authors":"Abolfazl Farmani, M. Hedayati, M. Yari, Mehdi Ghabooli","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v52i6.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v52i6.11","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary Piriformospora indica (PI) and clove essence (CE) and a combination of them (synbiotic) on performance and biochemical parameters after induction of stress using dexamethasone. The experiment was performed with 320 male, one-day-old chicks (Ross 308) using eight experimental groups and five replications. In each replication, eight chickens were fed a maize–soy-based diet. Experimental groups included group 1 (T1): control diet (based on maize and soybean without any feed additives); group 2 (T2): control diet with 0.2 cc dexamethasone injection; group 3 (T3): control diet with 11.6 cc CE; group 4 (T4): control diet with 10 mg PI; group 5 (T5): control diet with 11.6 cc of CE with 0.2 cc injection of dexamethasone; group 6 (T6): control diet with 10 mg PI and 0.2 cc of dexamethasone; group 7 (T7): control diet with synbiotic containing 10 mg of PI with 11.6 cc of CE; group 8 (T8): control diet with synbiotic containing 10 mg of PI and 11.6 cc of CE with 0.2 mg dexamethasone injection. PI and CE were poured into the drinking water during the rearing period. After 31, 33, 38, and 40 days, 2 mg/kg BW of dexamethasone was injected in the right breast muscle of experimental groups 2, 5, 6, and 8; after 35 and 42 days, samples were taken. The addition of CE, PI, and the synbiotic, caused an increase in body weight gain, feed intake, and reduced FCR compared to the control group in experimental groups 3, 4, and 7. The addition of 11.6 cc CE and 10 mg of PI caused an increase in body weight gain and feed intake and reduced FCR compared to the control group. Dexamethasone (0.2 mg) led to damage of the lymph organs, body weight loss, a reduction in humoral immunity, and side effects on performance parameters. Clove extract and the prebiotic reduced the adverse effects of dexamethasone. ","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82263620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oregano essential oil (OEO) and capsicum oleoresin extract (CAO) supplementation on lamb slaughter characteristics, meat quality, and fatty acid composition. In the study, 18 male and 18 female lambs were divided into three equal groups for a 56- day feeding period. The first group was fed the control diet, while the other groups were fed a control diet containing either 300 mg OEO/kg or 300 mg CAO/kg of diet. Feeding OEO or CAO had no effect on the slaughter and carcass quality of the fattening lambs. However, when compared to the female lambs, the male lambs were found to have higher slaughter weights, hot and cold carcass weights, and dressing percentage, while having lower back fat thickness. In addition, OEO substantially increased the intramuscular fat. Dry matter, protein, pH24, meat colour (L*, a*, and b*), drip loss, and cooking loss were not affected by dietary treatment or sex. The addition of OEO or CAO to the diets did not change the meat lipid oxidation or sensory quality characteristics at different storage times. However, meat from the female lambs was found to have thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values lower than that of the meat from the male lambs after 2 d and 4 d of storage. However, the female lamb meat was more preferred in terms of flavour and general acceptance. The ΣMUFA, ΣPUFA, ΣUFA, Σn-6, Σn-3, and Σn-6/Σn-3 contents of the lamb meat were not affected by the dietary treatment. As a result, the inclusion of 300 mg of oregano essential oil/kg of DM in lamb diets is considered appropriate because of its significant contributions to the fat composition of lamb meat.
{"title":"Effects of oregano essential oil and capsicum extract supplementation on slaughter characteristics, meat quality, and fatty acid composition of lambs","authors":"H. B. Ünlü, H. İpçak, Ç. Kandemir","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v52i6.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v52i6.04","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oregano essential oil (OEO) and capsicum oleoresin extract (CAO) supplementation on lamb slaughter characteristics, meat quality, and fatty acid composition. In the study, 18 male and 18 female lambs were divided into three equal groups for a 56- day feeding period. The first group was fed the control diet, while the other groups were fed a control diet containing either 300 mg OEO/kg or 300 mg CAO/kg of diet. Feeding OEO or CAO had no effect on the slaughter and carcass quality of the fattening lambs. However, when compared to the female lambs, the male lambs were found to have higher slaughter weights, hot and cold carcass weights, and dressing percentage, while having lower back fat thickness. In addition, OEO substantially increased the intramuscular fat. Dry matter, protein, pH24, meat colour (L*, a*, and b*), drip loss, and cooking loss were not affected by dietary treatment or sex. The addition of OEO or CAO to the diets did not change the meat lipid oxidation or sensory quality characteristics at different storage times. However, meat from the female lambs was found to have thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values lower than that of the meat from the male lambs after 2 d and 4 d of storage. However, the female lamb meat was more preferred in terms of flavour and general acceptance. The ΣMUFA, ΣPUFA, ΣUFA, Σn-6, Σn-3, and Σn-6/Σn-3 contents of the lamb meat were not affected by the dietary treatment. As a result, the inclusion of 300 mg of oregano essential oil/kg of DM in lamb diets is considered appropriate because of its significant contributions to the fat composition of lamb meat. ","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"153 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78202957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Principal component analysis (PCA) is a vital statistical technique for defining the morphological structure of livestock but has not been used in South African Kalahari Red goats. Thirteen morphometric traits and eleven body indices from two hundred and ninety-six (296) South African Kalahari Red goats (269 does and 27 bucks) aged 2–3 years were used to define morphological structure using PCA. The coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), Akaike’s information criterion (AIC), Mallows' Cp-statistic (Cp), and coefficient of variation (CV) were used to select the best fit model. Body weight was correlated with all morphometric traits in both sexes. The first two principal components explained 87.31% of the variation in measurements from male goats and 62.32% of the trait variation in the females. The inclusion of head length, body length, canon circumference, rump length, rump width, body condition score, wither height, and rump height increased the accuracy to 98% with smaller RMSE (2.42), AIC (55.35), Cp (10.00), and CV (3.98), and the use of PC1 and PC2 included 94% of the variation (RMSE, 3.62; AIC, 72.26; Cp, 3.00; CV, 5.94 in males). In females, the inclusion of all morphometric traits included 87% of the variation (RMSE, 2.93; AIC, 590.63; Cp, 13.00; CV 5.87). The use of PC1 and PC2 included 82% of the variation (RMSE, 3.41; AIC, 663.60; Cp, 3.00; CV, 6.84). PCA can therefore be used in breeding programs to define the morphological structure of South African Kalahari Red goats with a severe reduction in the number of morphometric traits to be recorded.
{"title":"Principal Component Analysis of morphometric traits and body indices in South African Kalahari Red goats","authors":"Thobela Louis Tyasi, O. Tada","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v53i1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v53i1.04","url":null,"abstract":"Principal component analysis (PCA) is a vital statistical technique for defining the morphological structure of livestock but has not been used in South African Kalahari Red goats. Thirteen morphometric traits and eleven body indices from two hundred and ninety-six (296) South African Kalahari Red goats (269 does and 27 bucks) aged 2–3 years were used to define morphological structure using PCA. The coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), Akaike’s information criterion (AIC), Mallows' Cp-statistic (Cp), and coefficient of variation (CV) were used to select the best fit model. Body weight was correlated with all morphometric traits in both sexes. The first two principal components explained 87.31% of the variation in measurements from male goats and 62.32% of the trait variation in the females. The inclusion of head length, body length, canon circumference, rump length, rump width, body condition score, wither height, and rump height increased the accuracy to 98% with smaller RMSE (2.42), AIC (55.35), Cp (10.00), and CV (3.98), and the use of PC1 and PC2 included 94% of the variation (RMSE, 3.62; AIC, 72.26; Cp, 3.00; CV, 5.94 in males). In females, the inclusion of all morphometric traits included 87% of the variation (RMSE, 2.93; AIC, 590.63; Cp, 13.00; CV 5.87). The use of PC1 and PC2 included 82% of the variation (RMSE, 3.41; AIC, 663.60; Cp, 3.00; CV, 6.84). PCA can therefore be used in breeding programs to define the morphological structure of South African Kalahari Red goats with a severe reduction in the number of morphometric traits to be recorded.","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81369336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. B. Santos, J. Genova, A. S. Lima, A. Oliveira, L. B. Azevedo, P. Rupolo, R. Nunes, N. Oliveira, S. T. Carvalho, P. L. O. Carvalho
This study was performed to evaluate the effects of a functional oil blend (castor oil plus cashew nutshell oil) on complete blood count, health parameters, and intestinal structure in nursery pigs. A total of 128 crossbreed piglets (6.79 ± 1.76 kg of body weight) were allocated in a randomized complete block design with two dietary treatments: a functional oil-free diet or a diet based on added functional oil (1500 mg functional oil blend/kg of diet). Both diets had 400–500 mg colistin sulphate/kg. Pigs fed functional oil had higher erythrocytes and monocytes on days 11 and 23, respectively. Lymphocyte concentration was reduced, and ileum pH was increased in pigs fed functional oil on day 23. On day 37, lower jejunal pH was observed. However, no treatment effect on diarrhoea occurrence was observed. The lactic acid bacteria count was greater in jejunum and ileum of pigs fed functional oil on day 23. Pigs fed functional oil had more jejunal lesions on day 37. Based on the criteria of this study, dietary supplementation to piglets with functional oil blend changed the concentration of erythrocytes and monocytes as an important role in the defence of the organism; however, it showed a reduced capacity to modify the pH in small intestinal contents, which was reflected in an absence in the incidence of diarrhoea. In addition, piglets fed the functional oil blend had improvements in lactic acid bacterial counts, without the ability to attenuate lesions in the jejunum.
{"title":"Effect of functional oil in piglet feeding and its effects on total blood count, health parameters, and gastrointestinal tract structure","authors":"G. B. Santos, J. Genova, A. S. Lima, A. Oliveira, L. B. Azevedo, P. Rupolo, R. Nunes, N. Oliveira, S. T. Carvalho, P. L. O. Carvalho","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v52i5.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v52i5.05","url":null,"abstract":"This study was performed to evaluate the effects of a functional oil blend (castor oil plus cashew nutshell oil) on complete blood count, health parameters, and intestinal structure in nursery pigs. A total of 128 crossbreed piglets (6.79 ± 1.76 kg of body weight) were allocated in a randomized complete block design with two dietary treatments: a functional oil-free diet or a diet based on added functional oil (1500 mg functional oil blend/kg of diet). Both diets had 400–500 mg colistin sulphate/kg. Pigs fed functional oil had higher erythrocytes and monocytes on days 11 and 23, respectively. Lymphocyte concentration was reduced, and ileum pH was increased in pigs fed functional oil on day 23. On day 37, lower jejunal pH was observed. However, no treatment effect on diarrhoea occurrence was observed. The lactic acid bacteria count was greater in jejunum and ileum of pigs fed functional oil on day 23. Pigs fed functional oil had more jejunal lesions on day 37. Based on the criteria of this study, dietary supplementation to piglets with functional oil blend changed the concentration of erythrocytes and monocytes as an important role in the defence of the organism; however, it showed a reduced capacity to modify the pH in small intestinal contents, which was reflected in an absence in the incidence of diarrhoea. In addition, piglets fed the functional oil blend had improvements in lactic acid bacterial counts, without the ability to attenuate lesions in the jejunum.","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74977266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effects of feeding diets containing sunflower and wheat middlings pre-treated with fibredegrading enzymes were investigated. Based on hatch body weight (BW), 288 Ross-708 male broiler chicks were placed in cages (six birds/cage). Diets were: 1) positive control (PC), a maize–soybean positive control; 2) negative control (NC), PC plus untreated sunflower meal (USM) and wheat middlings (UWM); and 3) four test diets in which USM and UWM were replaced with pre-treated sunflower (TSM) and wheat middlings (TWM) at 25% (NC25), 50% (NC50), 75% (NC75) and 100% (NC100). The pretreated feedstuffs were mixed with 1% of FDE in a ratio of 1:2 w/w for feedstuff:water and incubated for 24 hours at 40 °C, and oven-dried before feed preparation. Diets were formulated for two phases (starter, 0–21 d) and finisher (22–42 d). Diets were allocated in a completely randomized design (eight replicates per diet) and birds had free access to feed and water. Bodyweight (BW) and feed intake (FI) were monitored by phase, and one bird per cage was sacrificed on days 21 and 42 for samples. The BW and BW gain (BWG) of NC up to NC50 were not different relative to PC, but NC75 and NC100 were lower than PC throughout the study. On day 21, liver weight had increased linearly and on day 42, tibia length and diameter linearly decreased with the inclusion of TSM and TWM. In conclusion, TSM and TWM at low levels did not affect performance while high inclusion levels reduced the performance of the broilers.
{"title":"Responses of broiler chickens fed diets containing sunflower meal and wheat middlings pre-treated with enzymes","authors":"F. Muchiri, C. Gachuiri, E. Kiarie","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v52i6.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v52i6.09","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of feeding diets containing sunflower and wheat middlings pre-treated with fibredegrading enzymes were investigated. Based on hatch body weight (BW), 288 Ross-708 male broiler chicks were placed in cages (six birds/cage). Diets were: 1) positive control (PC), a maize–soybean positive control; 2) negative control (NC), PC plus untreated sunflower meal (USM) and wheat middlings (UWM); and 3) four test diets in which USM and UWM were replaced with pre-treated sunflower (TSM) and wheat middlings (TWM) at 25% (NC25), 50% (NC50), 75% (NC75) and 100% (NC100). The pretreated feedstuffs were mixed with 1% of FDE in a ratio of 1:2 w/w for feedstuff:water and incubated for 24 hours at 40 °C, and oven-dried before feed preparation. Diets were formulated for two phases (starter, 0–21 d) and finisher (22–42 d). Diets were allocated in a completely randomized design (eight replicates per diet) and birds had free access to feed and water. Bodyweight (BW) and feed intake (FI) were monitored by phase, and one bird per cage was sacrificed on days 21 and 42 for samples. The BW and BW gain (BWG) of NC up to NC50 were not different relative to PC, but NC75 and NC100 were lower than PC throughout the study. On day 21, liver weight had increased linearly and on day 42, tibia length and diameter linearly decreased with the inclusion of TSM and TWM. In conclusion, TSM and TWM at low levels did not affect performance while high inclusion levels reduced the performance of the broilers.","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74654971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：