MiR-215 maintains a high level of expression in healthy pig intestine and is decreased in lesions or injuries. To clarify the influence of miR-215 on the porcine intestine, miR-215 mimic/inhibitor was transfected into the intestinal porcine epithelial cell line, J2 (IPEC-J2) to overexpress or suppress the expression of miR-215. The treated cells were subjected to various functional assays. The effect of miR-215 on global gene expression was detected using high-throughput sequencing on the BGISEQ500 platform; cell proliferation was evaluated using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8); and the role of miR215 on cellular metabolism was tested using non-targeted metabonomics and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Our results revealed that miR-215 promoted cell proliferation in IPEC-J2, up-regulated the expression of the ribosomal protein family, and downregulated the expression of oncogenesis-related genes and tumour-suppressor genes. Results of the RNA sequencing and the metabonomics detection reveal that miR-215 affects the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway. Our results contribute to further research on miR-215 in the regulation of barrier function and metabolism in the porcine intestine.
{"title":"Effect of microRNA, miR-215, on gene expression and metabolism of porcine intestinal epithelial cells","authors":"Hongyi Li, Mao Zhang, Wenjuan Liu","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v52i6.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v52i6.14","url":null,"abstract":"MiR-215 maintains a high level of expression in healthy pig intestine and is decreased in lesions or injuries. To clarify the influence of miR-215 on the porcine intestine, miR-215 mimic/inhibitor was transfected into the intestinal porcine epithelial cell line, J2 (IPEC-J2) to overexpress or suppress the expression of miR-215. The treated cells were subjected to various functional assays. The effect of miR-215 on global gene expression was detected using high-throughput sequencing on the BGISEQ500 platform; cell proliferation was evaluated using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8); and the role of miR215 on cellular metabolism was tested using non-targeted metabonomics and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Our results revealed that miR-215 promoted cell proliferation in IPEC-J2, up-regulated the expression of the ribosomal protein family, and downregulated the expression of oncogenesis-related genes and tumour-suppressor genes. Results of the RNA sequencing and the metabonomics detection reveal that miR-215 affects the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway. Our results contribute to further research on miR-215 in the regulation of barrier function and metabolism in the porcine intestine.","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77885077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. B. de Oliveira, F. F. da Silva, J. W. D. da Silva, G. D. de Carvalho, L. V. Santos, T. R. Paixão, A. P. G. da Silva, S. O. de Souza, C. Soares, D. M. de Lima Júnior, R. R. Silva
A high-grain diet is essential to maximize growth and yield as well as to provide high-quality meat in beef cattle. This study evaluated the effects of including licuri cake in high-grain diets for steers on performance and carcass and meat quality. Forty-four crossbred (1/2 Bos taurus × 1/2 Bos indicus) castrated steers at 24 months of age, with an initial weight of 358.19 ± 41.57 kg, were used. The animals were distributed into four treatments that consisted of diets including licuri cake (0, 85, 170, or 255 g/kg, dry matter basis). Dry matter intake and digestibility decreased with the inclusion of licuri cake in the diet. However, the addition of the ingredient did not influence the intakes of total digestible nutrients (6.7 ± 0.5 kg/day) or crude protein. Licuri cake inclusion did not influence weight gain (1.5 ± 0.2 kg/day) or hot carcass weight (255.1 ± 24.9 kg). There was also no effect on carcass fat thickness, whereas the cholesterol content in the meat decreased with the addition of the cake. We recommend the inclusion of up to 255 g/kg licuri cake in the diet of feedlot steers fed high-concentrate diets.
{"title":"Inclusion of licuri cake in high-grain diets for steers: Intake, digestibility, carcass characteristics, and meat quality","authors":"A. B. de Oliveira, F. F. da Silva, J. W. D. da Silva, G. D. de Carvalho, L. V. Santos, T. R. Paixão, A. P. G. da Silva, S. O. de Souza, C. Soares, D. M. de Lima Júnior, R. R. Silva","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v52i5.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v52i5.04","url":null,"abstract":"A high-grain diet is essential to maximize growth and yield as well as to provide high-quality meat in beef cattle. This study evaluated the effects of including licuri cake in high-grain diets for steers on performance and carcass and meat quality. Forty-four crossbred (1/2 Bos taurus × 1/2 Bos indicus) castrated steers at 24 months of age, with an initial weight of 358.19 ± 41.57 kg, were used. The animals were distributed into four treatments that consisted of diets including licuri cake (0, 85, 170, or 255 g/kg, dry matter basis). Dry matter intake and digestibility decreased with the inclusion of licuri cake in the diet. However, the addition of the ingredient did not influence the intakes of total digestible nutrients (6.7 ± 0.5 kg/day) or crude protein. Licuri cake inclusion did not influence weight gain (1.5 ± 0.2 kg/day) or hot carcass weight (255.1 ± 24.9 kg). There was also no effect on carcass fat thickness, whereas the cholesterol content in the meat decreased with the addition of the cake. We recommend the inclusion of up to 255 g/kg licuri cake in the diet of feedlot steers fed high-concentrate diets.","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78123178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. R. Poveda-Parra, E. Pereira, O. P. Prado-Calixto, G. L. Guerra, K. A. Pires, M. R. Lopes, E. R. Rodrigues, E. R. Cavalheiro Junior, J. D. Do Carmo, I. Y. Mizubuti
The objective was to evaluate different levels of crambe cake protein (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 g/kg of DM) to replace soybean meal protein on the intake, apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC), blood glucose, ruminal fermentation, and protozoal population in lambs. Two experiments were performed. In experiment one, 40 crossbred male lambs weighing 20 ± 3.45 kg were used, distributed in a completely randomized design, to study intake and ruminal parameters. In experiment two, 25 crossbred male lambs weighing 23.44 ± 1.04 kg were used to study digestibility. The intake of dry matter and total carbohydrate (TC) (kg/lambs/day and g/kg0.75), crude protein (kg/lambs/day) and final body weight decreased with increase of crambe cake protein as a replacement for soybean meal protein, while e t h e r e x t r a c t ( EE) intake (kg/lambs/day and g/kg0.75) increased. The ADC of EE presented a positive linear effect and the ADC of TC and non-fibrous carbohydrates presented a negative linear effect. There was no interaction within treatments and collection period (0, 3, 6 and 9 h) on ruminal fluid characteristics. Blood glucose presented a quadratic effect for levels of crambe cake protein in diets (max. P = 35.18%), and linear increase for collection period. Ruminal pH showed a quadratic effect for sampling hours (max. P = 5.43 h). For protozoa evaluation, the total amount, Entodinium, and Eudiplodium presented linear decreasing effects with treatment, while Isotricha, Eudiplodium, Ostracodinium and the total amount of protozoa had a linear decrease with sampling hours. Soybean meal protein can be replaced by crambe cake protein at up to 250 g/kg DM.
{"title":"Crambe cake protein as a replacement for soybean meal protein: Intake, digestibility, and ruminal parameters in lamb diets","authors":"A. R. Poveda-Parra, E. Pereira, O. P. Prado-Calixto, G. L. Guerra, K. A. Pires, M. R. Lopes, E. R. Rodrigues, E. R. Cavalheiro Junior, J. D. Do Carmo, I. Y. Mizubuti","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v52i6.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v52i6.13","url":null,"abstract":"The objective was to evaluate different levels of crambe cake protein (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 g/kg of DM) to replace soybean meal protein on the intake, apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC), blood glucose, ruminal fermentation, and protozoal population in lambs. Two experiments were performed. In experiment one, 40 crossbred male lambs weighing 20 ± 3.45 kg were used, distributed in a completely randomized design, to study intake and ruminal parameters. In experiment two, 25 crossbred male lambs weighing 23.44 ± 1.04 kg were used to study digestibility. The intake of dry matter and total carbohydrate (TC) (kg/lambs/day and g/kg0.75), crude protein (kg/lambs/day) and final body weight decreased with increase of crambe cake protein as a replacement for soybean meal protein, while e t h e r e x t r a c t ( EE) intake (kg/lambs/day and g/kg0.75) increased. The ADC of EE presented a positive linear effect and the ADC of TC and non-fibrous carbohydrates presented a negative linear effect. There was no interaction within treatments and collection period (0, 3, 6 and 9 h) on ruminal fluid characteristics. Blood glucose presented a quadratic effect for levels of crambe cake protein in diets (max. P = 35.18%), and linear increase for collection period. Ruminal pH showed a quadratic effect for sampling hours (max. P = 5.43 h). For protozoa evaluation, the total amount, Entodinium, and Eudiplodium presented linear decreasing effects with treatment, while Isotricha, Eudiplodium, Ostracodinium and the total amount of protozoa had a linear decrease with sampling hours. Soybean meal protein can be replaced by crambe cake protein at up to 250 g/kg DM. ","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81413224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Jiang, F. Wei, D. Abulahaiti, C. Tian, L. Fu, J. Lu, G. H. Zhang
This study investigated the effects of different n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratios in pig diets using vegetable oil supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and fatty acid composition in the longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of pigs. Fiftyfour cross-bred growing pigs (Large White × Landrace × Duroc; 45.03 ± 1.72 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three isoenergetic diets: the 1) basal diet (control), 2) RAPO diet (diet supplemented with 4.5% rapeseed oil), and 3) MIXO diet (diet supplemented with 2.25% rapeseed oil and 2.25% linseed oil), with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of approximately 13:1, 7:1, and 2:1, respectively. The experiment lasted 42 days. The RAPO and MIXO diets did not affect the growth performance and carcass characteristics of pigs, while the content of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TGs), and glucose (GLU) in the serum decreased substantially. Intramuscular fat (IMF) content increased by 19.25% and 20.11% in the LM of pigs fed the RAPO and MIXO diets, respectively, and lower cooking loss and drip loss of meat were observed only in pigs fed the MIXO diet. The RAPO and MIXO diets decreased the stearic acid and palmitoleic acid levels, increased the total PUFA levels (including those of α-linolenic and linoleic acid), and decreased the n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios in LM and SAT. However, the MIXO diet was more effective in improving the fatty acid composition. A mixed oil diet with an n6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 2:1 is an effective measure for improving meat quality.
{"title":"Dietary supplementation with vegetable oils with low n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios improves the intramuscular fat and fatty acid composition of growingfinishing pigs","authors":"S. Jiang, F. Wei, D. Abulahaiti, C. Tian, L. Fu, J. Lu, G. H. Zhang","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v52i6.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v52i6.08","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effects of different n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratios in pig diets using vegetable oil supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and fatty acid composition in the longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of pigs. Fiftyfour cross-bred growing pigs (Large White × Landrace × Duroc; 45.03 ± 1.72 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three isoenergetic diets: the 1) basal diet (control), 2) RAPO diet (diet supplemented with 4.5% rapeseed oil), and 3) MIXO diet (diet supplemented with 2.25% rapeseed oil and 2.25% linseed oil), with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of approximately 13:1, 7:1, and 2:1, respectively. The experiment lasted 42 days. The RAPO and MIXO diets did not affect the growth performance and carcass characteristics of pigs, while the content of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TGs), and glucose (GLU) in the serum decreased substantially. Intramuscular fat (IMF) content increased by 19.25% and 20.11% in the LM of pigs fed the RAPO and MIXO diets, respectively, and lower cooking loss and drip loss of meat were observed only in pigs fed the MIXO diet. The RAPO and MIXO diets decreased the stearic acid and palmitoleic acid levels, increased the total PUFA levels (including those of α-linolenic and linoleic acid), and decreased the n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios in LM and SAT. However, the MIXO diet was more effective in improving the fatty acid composition. A mixed oil diet with an n6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 2:1 is an effective measure for improving meat quality. ","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"60 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90690023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of milking machines is to harvest milk at an optimum speed while maintaining cow comfort and preserving teat defence mechanisms against the invasion of mastitis pathogens, thus making machine settings critical in dairy herds. The various settings and combinations for milking machines were reviewed to enable operators to optimize them to preserve teat canal integrity and minimize mastitis. All databases of Web of Science and relevant websites were used to document machine settings and teat liners. All vacuum levels in milking systems need to be monitored. In addition, liners, milk yield, and automated cluster removal switch-point settings need to be regarded as bearing a risk of teat damage. They affect milking speed and vacuum levels at total, peak, and over-milking. An equilibrium should be reached between optimal milking speed and risk of teat damage. An increased switch-point setting shortens milking time and decreases overmilking and claw vacuum to preserve teat-canal integrity. Analysis of milk flow dynamics with a VaDia instrument highlights opportunities to improve milking protocols and equipment functions that align with the physiology of the cow. This knowledge can be applied on individual farms, in which herd milk yield, parlour layout, milking machine system, parlour management, and economics should be considered to obtain a balance between milking efficiency, udder health, and cow comfort. Standards for switch-point settings were identified in this review.
挤奶机的目的是以最佳速度收获牛奶，同时保持奶牛的舒适和保护奶牛防御机制免受乳腺炎病原体的入侵，因此在奶牛群中，机器设置至关重要。对挤奶机的各种设置和组合进行了回顾，以使操作人员能够对其进行优化，以保持乳管的完整性并最大限度地减少乳腺炎。利用Web of Science和相关网站的所有数据库记录机器设置和试验线。需要监测挤奶系统中的所有真空水平。此外，衬垫、产奶量和自动集束清除开关点设置需要被视为承担乳头损坏的风险。它们会影响挤奶速度和总挤奶、峰值挤奶和过度挤奶时的真空度。应在最佳挤奶速度和乳损风险之间达到平衡。增加的开关点设置缩短了挤奶时间，减少了过度挤奶和爪真空，以保持乳管的完整性。用VaDia仪器分析牛奶流动动力学，突出了改进挤奶方案和符合奶牛生理的设备功能的机会。这些知识可以应用于个体农场，在个体农场中，应考虑牛群产奶量、车间布局、挤奶机系统、车间管理和经济性，以在挤奶效率、乳房健康和奶牛舒适度之间取得平衡。本综述确定了开关点设置的标准。
{"title":"Effects of milking machine settings and teat liners on bovine udder health","authors":"P. Vermaak, I. Petzer, J. Karzis","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v52i4.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v52i4.02","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of milking machines is to harvest milk at an optimum speed while maintaining cow comfort and preserving teat defence mechanisms against the invasion of mastitis pathogens, thus making machine settings critical in dairy herds. The various settings and combinations for milking machines were reviewed to enable operators to optimize them to preserve teat canal integrity and minimize mastitis. All databases of Web of Science and relevant websites were used to document machine settings and teat liners. All vacuum levels in milking systems need to be monitored. In addition, liners, milk yield, and automated cluster removal switch-point settings need to be regarded as bearing a risk of teat damage. They affect milking speed and vacuum levels at total, peak, and over-milking. An equilibrium should be reached between optimal milking speed and risk of teat damage. An increased switch-point setting shortens milking time and decreases overmilking and claw vacuum to preserve teat-canal integrity. Analysis of milk flow dynamics with a VaDia instrument highlights opportunities to improve milking protocols and equipment functions that align with the physiology of the cow. This knowledge can be applied on individual farms, in which herd milk yield, parlour layout, milking machine system, parlour management, and economics should be considered to obtain a balance between milking efficiency, udder health, and cow comfort. Standards for switch-point settings were identified in this review.","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90749223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. A. Miranda, L. Moreira, Á. A. de Almeida, J. A. Vieira-Filho, L. C. M, J. K. Valentim, H. Oliveira, A. Geraldo
This study aimed to evaluate the responses in performance, egg quality, and health of internal organs of laying hens of Hisex White lineage. The birds were provided with diets supplemented with organic minerals (OM) + tributyrin, associated or not with a mixture of organic acids (benzoic formic, citric, and phosphoric), compared to a control treatment containing zinc bacitracin (28 ppm). In total, 160 laying hens of the commercial Hisex White lineage of 68 w and an average weight of 1.735 ± 0.025 kg were distributed in 40 experimental plots. The study employed a completely randomized design, with five treatments and eight replications/treatment. The experimental period was divided into seven production cycles of 21 days, totalling 147 experimental days. The variables analysed were egg production and loss, feed intake, mean egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion, and internal and external quality variables of eggs. At the end of the experimental period, the final weight of the birds was measured to evaluate the relative weight of liver and kidneys. No significant effect of the treatments on the productive performance and internal and external quality of the eggs was evident. The association of organic minerals with a mixture of organic acids and tributyrin did not influence the productive performance and internal and external quality of the shell of Hisex White laying hens in the period from 68 to 89 weeks of age.
{"title":"Organic minerals, tributyrin, and blend of organic acids in the diet of commercial laying hens at the end of production","authors":"D. A. Miranda, L. Moreira, Á. A. de Almeida, J. A. Vieira-Filho, L. C. M, J. K. Valentim, H. Oliveira, A. Geraldo","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v53i1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v53i1.02","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the responses in performance, egg quality, and health of internal organs of laying hens of Hisex White lineage. The birds were provided with diets supplemented with organic minerals (OM) + tributyrin, associated or not with a mixture of organic acids (benzoic formic, citric, and phosphoric), compared to a control treatment containing zinc bacitracin (28 ppm). In total, 160 laying hens of the commercial Hisex White lineage of 68 w and an average weight of 1.735 ± 0.025 kg were distributed in 40 experimental plots. The study employed a completely randomized design, with five treatments and eight replications/treatment. The experimental period was divided into seven production cycles of 21 days, totalling 147 experimental days. The variables analysed were egg production and loss, feed intake, mean egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion, and internal and external quality variables of eggs. At the end of the experimental period, the final weight of the birds was measured to evaluate the relative weight of liver and kidneys. No significant effect of the treatments on the productive performance and internal and external quality of the eggs was evident. The association of organic minerals with a mixture of organic acids and tributyrin did not influence the productive performance and internal and external quality of the shell of Hisex White laying hens in the period from 68 to 89 weeks of age.","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"290 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75786472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the effects of Bacillus licheniformis-fermented products (BLFPs) on the growth performance, faecal microbiota, and antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) expression in weaning piglets on a commercial farm. Ninety-six weaning piglets were randomly assigned to four treatments as follows: basal diet as control (C), basal diet plus 30 mg/kg of antibiotics (bacitracin methylene disalicylate) (A), basal diet plus 1 g/kg of BLFPs (F), and basal diet plus 15 mg/kg of antibiotics and 0.5 g/kg of BLFPs (AF), with six replicate pens per treatment and four pigs per pen. Results showed that, similar to antibiotics, replacing all or half the antibiotics with BLFPs improved the feed conversion ratio of weaning piglets from 15–28 d. Microbiota analysis showed that microbial community composition in the faeces showed a clear separation between groups. Replacing all the antibiotics with BLFPs increased the abundance of the genus, Streptococcus, in the faeces compared with the other groups. Half replacement of antibiotics with BLFPs increased the chloramphenicol resistance gene levels in the faeces compared with the C group, whereas full replacement of antibiotics with BLFPs reduced the streptomycin resistance gene levels compared with the C group. A trend of decreased levels of formic acid and acetic acid was observed in the group treated with BLFPs in combination with antibiotics compared with the C group. In conclusion, the field study demonstrates that replacing all or half the antibiotics with BLFPs can improve feed conversion ratio, modulate faecal microbiota, and alter ARG expression in weaning piglets.
{"title":"A field study of Bacillus licheniformis-fermented products on growth performance and faecal microbiota of weaning piglets","authors":"K. Lin, Y. Yu","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v52i5.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v52i5.15","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effects of Bacillus licheniformis-fermented products (BLFPs) on the growth performance, faecal microbiota, and antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) expression in weaning piglets on a commercial farm. Ninety-six weaning piglets were randomly assigned to four treatments as follows: basal diet as control (C), basal diet plus 30 mg/kg of antibiotics (bacitracin methylene disalicylate) (A), basal diet plus 1 g/kg of BLFPs (F), and basal diet plus 15 mg/kg of antibiotics and 0.5 g/kg of BLFPs (AF), with six replicate pens per treatment and four pigs per pen. Results showed that, similar to antibiotics, replacing all or half the antibiotics with BLFPs improved the feed conversion ratio of weaning piglets from 15–28 d. Microbiota analysis showed that microbial community composition in the faeces showed a clear separation between groups. Replacing all the antibiotics with BLFPs increased the abundance of the genus, Streptococcus, in the faeces compared with the other groups. Half replacement of antibiotics with BLFPs increased the chloramphenicol resistance gene levels in the faeces compared with the C group, whereas full replacement of antibiotics with BLFPs reduced the streptomycin resistance gene levels compared with the C group. A trend of decreased levels of formic acid and acetic acid was observed in the group treated with BLFPs in combination with antibiotics compared with the C group. In conclusion, the field study demonstrates that replacing all or half the antibiotics with BLFPs can improve feed conversion ratio, modulate faecal microbiota, and alter ARG expression in weaning piglets.","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80662378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Pasaribu, M. Sukirman, Y. Sani, B. Bakrie, S. Rusdiana
The objective of this study was to evaluate the dietary supplementation of Phyllanthus niruri L. powder (meniran powder, MeP) on the productivity, haematology profiles, and intestinal morphology of broilers. A total of 200 female, one-day-old chickens were allocated to five treatments randomly, with four replications (10 birds per replicate): control, without antibiotic and MeP; T2, Zn-bacitracin 0.05%; T3, MeP 0.02%; T4, MeP 0.03%; and T5, MeP 0.05%. A completely randomized design was employed. The results showed that MeP supplementation at 0.02%, 0.03%, and 0.05% did not affect the body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, haemoglobin, packed cell volume; and lymphocyte, red blood cell, heterophil, monocyte, eosinophil, and basophil counts, but at 0.03% and 0.05%, appeared to reduce white blood cells (WBCs) compared to those in the control and Zn-bacitracin groups. Microscopically, MeP supplementation in the diet increased the height and cellular growth of the mucosal villi of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, but the villi appeared fragile as mucosal epithelial cell necrosis was noted in the taller villi. Thus, it is concluded that MeP did not affect broiler performance and haematology profiles, except that the number of WBCs at 0.03% and 0.05% was less than that in the control and Zn-bacitracin groups
{"title":"Evaluation of Phyllanthus niruri L. powder on growth performance, haematology, and intestinal morphology of broilers","authors":"T. Pasaribu, M. Sukirman, Y. Sani, B. Bakrie, S. Rusdiana","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v53i1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v53i1.06","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the dietary supplementation of Phyllanthus niruri L. powder (meniran powder, MeP) on the productivity, haematology profiles, and intestinal morphology of broilers. A total of 200 female, one-day-old chickens were allocated to five treatments randomly, with four replications (10 birds per replicate): control, without antibiotic and MeP; T2, Zn-bacitracin 0.05%; T3, MeP 0.02%; T4, MeP 0.03%; and T5, MeP 0.05%. A completely randomized design was employed. The results showed that MeP supplementation at 0.02%, 0.03%, and 0.05% did not affect the body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, haemoglobin, packed cell volume; and lymphocyte, red blood cell, heterophil, monocyte, eosinophil, and basophil counts, but at 0.03% and 0.05%, appeared to reduce white blood cells (WBCs) compared to those in the control and Zn-bacitracin groups. Microscopically, MeP supplementation in the diet increased the height and cellular growth of the mucosal villi of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, but the villi appeared fragile as mucosal epithelial cell necrosis was noted in the taller villi. Thus, it is concluded that MeP did not affect broiler performance and haematology profiles, except that the number of WBCs at 0.03% and 0.05% was less than that in the control and Zn-bacitracin groups","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79183044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Sarjana, E. Suprijatna, L. Mahfudz, D. Sunarti, S. Kismiati, B. Ma'rifah, R. Muryani, S. Susanti
This research aimed to investigate the effect of transportation distance on the physiological conditions and carcass traits of kampong chickens. Two hundred and twenty-five male kampong chickens were transported for distances of 30 km, 60 km, and 90 km, departing from three villages. Their physiological conditions were observed for up to 12 hours after having reached the final destination, and they were slaughtered after 45 minutes of lairage. The results showed that the transportation distance had a minor influence on the male kampong chickens' physiological conditions on arrival and on resulting carcass traits. Decreased oxygen consumption and metabolism rates were observable only eight hours after the rest period, without further effects on body temperature, tonic immobility, and blood triglyceride levels. There were no significant changes in live shrink, liveability, and carcass production from various transportation distances. However, a significant percentage increase in live shrink, accompanied by a significant decrease in visceral weight, was noted after transportation distances above 60 km. There was a significant decrease in the percentage of drumstick weight and a minor decrease in overall carcass quality, derived from bruising on the thighs. No significant changes were noted in graded carcass quality, meat water-holding capacity, pH, lactic acid, or water content. It was concluded that transportation distances up to 90 km were physiologically tolerable to kampong chickens, imposing minor negative impact on carcass traits.
{"title":"Effect of transportation distance on the physiological condition and carcass traits of kampong chickens","authors":"T. Sarjana, E. Suprijatna, L. Mahfudz, D. Sunarti, S. Kismiati, B. Ma'rifah, R. Muryani, S. Susanti","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v52i4.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v52i4.13","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to investigate the effect of transportation distance on the physiological conditions and carcass traits of kampong chickens. Two hundred and twenty-five male kampong chickens were transported for distances of 30 km, 60 km, and 90 km, departing from three villages. Their physiological conditions were observed for up to 12 hours after having reached the final destination, and they were slaughtered after 45 minutes of lairage. The results showed that the transportation distance had a minor influence on the male kampong chickens' physiological conditions on arrival and on resulting carcass traits. Decreased oxygen consumption and metabolism rates were observable only eight hours after the rest period, without further effects on body temperature, tonic immobility, and blood triglyceride levels. There were no significant changes in live shrink, liveability, and carcass production from various transportation distances. However, a significant percentage increase in live shrink, accompanied by a significant decrease in visceral weight, was noted after transportation distances above 60 km. There was a significant decrease in the percentage of drumstick weight and a minor decrease in overall carcass quality, derived from bruising on the thighs. No significant changes were noted in graded carcass quality, meat water-holding capacity, pH, lactic acid, or water content. It was concluded that transportation distances up to 90 km were physiologically tolerable to kampong chickens, imposing minor negative impact on carcass traits.","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90342377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Rampe, F. C. Henry, R. F. Oliveira, A. C. Santos Júnior, A. M. Maradini Filho, Mia Dardengo
Chia gel is known for its functional properties such as high water and oil retention capacity, emulsifying activity, and as a stabilizer for foams and emulsions. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of chia gel as a substitute for pork fat in formulations of fishburgers made with Nile tilapia. Five formulations, one control and four with increasing levels of substitution of chia gel (12.50, 25.00, 37.50 and 50.00%) were evaluated. The fishburgers were characterized regarding their physicochemical composition, their technological characteristics, and microbiological viability. With the incorporation of the gel, there was a significant reduction in lipid component and the caloric value of the formulations, in addition to an increase in the percentage of dietary fibre. In addition, no negative effects were observed regarding yield and the main texture parameters studied. However, the formulations with the highest percentage replacement of pork fat by chia gel were darker when compared to the control treatment. Chia gel may be considered as a novel substitute for pork fat; however, it is recommended that techniques be employed to produce lighter gels, thus avoiding possible rejection by the consumer.
{"title":"Evaluation of chia gel incorporation as a fat substitute in Nile tilapia fishburger","authors":"M. Rampe, F. C. Henry, R. F. Oliveira, A. C. Santos Júnior, A. M. Maradini Filho, Mia Dardengo","doi":"10.4314/sajas.v52i5.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v52i5.06","url":null,"abstract":"Chia gel is known for its functional properties such as high water and oil retention capacity, emulsifying activity, and as a stabilizer for foams and emulsions. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of chia gel as a substitute for pork fat in formulations of fishburgers made with Nile tilapia. Five formulations, one control and four with increasing levels of substitution of chia gel (12.50, 25.00, 37.50 and 50.00%) were evaluated. The fishburgers were characterized regarding their physicochemical composition, their technological characteristics, and microbiological viability. With the incorporation of the gel, there was a significant reduction in lipid component and the caloric value of the formulations, in addition to an increase in the percentage of dietary fibre. In addition, no negative effects were observed regarding yield and the main texture parameters studied. However, the formulations with the highest percentage replacement of pork fat by chia gel were darker when compared to the control treatment. Chia gel may be considered as a novel substitute for pork fat; however, it is recommended that techniques be employed to produce lighter gels, thus avoiding possible rejection by the consumer.","PeriodicalId":21869,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Animal Science","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88984811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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