Pub Date : 2024-03-22DOI: 10.21294/1814-4861-2024-23-1-53-62
D. V. Semenov, R. V. Orlova, V. I. Shirokorad, S. V. Kostritsky, M. Gluzman, Y. Korneva
Cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) and metastasectomy are justified in patients with oligometastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Objective: to evaluate the impact of cytoreductive surgery on survival rates in patients with oligometastatic RCС. Material and Methods. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 342 patients with oligometastatic RCC, who underwent systemic therapy and different types of cytoreductive surgeries at the Municipal Oncology Hospital No. 62 in Moscow and the Municipal Oncoloy Center in Saint Petersburg from 2006 to 2022. Cytoreductive nephrectomy was performed in 332 (97.1 %) patients, metastasectomy in 103 (30.1 %) patients. The survival rates of patients in treatment groups were evaluated using the Survival Analysis by calculating descriptive characteristics of survival time by means of a life-table and Kaplan–Meier curves. The results were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. Results. In the univariate analysis, in patients who underwent CN, the factors that had a negative effect on the prognosis of survival rates were the tumor grade, evidence of bone metastases, levels of ALP, LdH, ESR, as well as prognosis according to the IMdC model and metastasectomy. In the multivariate analysis, only IMdC prognosis was found to have a negative effect on survival rates. In both the univariate and multivariate analysis, in the group of patients who underwent metastasectomy, IMdC prognosis alone had an unfavorable impact on survival rates of patients with oligometastatic RCC. Conclusion. Our study showed that CN and metastasectomy had a statistically significant effect on OS (p=0.02 and p=0.032) of patients with oligometastatic RCC. division of the patients into prognosis groups according to the IMdC model showed that CN did not improve the OS rates in patients with oligometastatic RCC with intermediate and unfavorable prognosis, and metastasectomy significantly increased the OS rates in oligometastatic RCC patients with favorable and unfavorable prognosis (p=0.0055 and p=0.047). When evaluating prognostic factors in patients undergoing CN and metastasectomy, only IMdC prognosis had an impact on the OS rates (p<0.001).
{"title":"Analysis of the impact of cytoreductive surgery in patients with oligometastatic renal cell carcinoma in clinical practice","authors":"D. V. Semenov, R. V. Orlova, V. I. Shirokorad, S. V. Kostritsky, M. Gluzman, Y. Korneva","doi":"10.21294/1814-4861-2024-23-1-53-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21294/1814-4861-2024-23-1-53-62","url":null,"abstract":"Cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) and metastasectomy are justified in patients with oligometastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Objective: to evaluate the impact of cytoreductive surgery on survival rates in patients with oligometastatic RCС. Material and Methods. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 342 patients with oligometastatic RCC, who underwent systemic therapy and different types of cytoreductive surgeries at the Municipal Oncology Hospital No. 62 in Moscow and the Municipal Oncoloy Center in Saint Petersburg from 2006 to 2022. Cytoreductive nephrectomy was performed in 332 (97.1 %) patients, metastasectomy in 103 (30.1 %) patients. The survival rates of patients in treatment groups were evaluated using the Survival Analysis by calculating descriptive characteristics of survival time by means of a life-table and Kaplan–Meier curves. The results were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. Results. In the univariate analysis, in patients who underwent CN, the factors that had a negative effect on the prognosis of survival rates were the tumor grade, evidence of bone metastases, levels of ALP, LdH, ESR, as well as prognosis according to the IMdC model and metastasectomy. In the multivariate analysis, only IMdC prognosis was found to have a negative effect on survival rates. In both the univariate and multivariate analysis, in the group of patients who underwent metastasectomy, IMdC prognosis alone had an unfavorable impact on survival rates of patients with oligometastatic RCC. Conclusion. Our study showed that CN and metastasectomy had a statistically significant effect on OS (p=0.02 and p=0.032) of patients with oligometastatic RCC. division of the patients into prognosis groups according to the IMdC model showed that CN did not improve the OS rates in patients with oligometastatic RCC with intermediate and unfavorable prognosis, and metastasectomy significantly increased the OS rates in oligometastatic RCC patients with favorable and unfavorable prognosis (p=0.0055 and p=0.047). When evaluating prognostic factors in patients undergoing CN and metastasectomy, only IMdC prognosis had an impact on the OS rates (p<0.001).","PeriodicalId":21881,"journal":{"name":"Siberian journal of oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140214574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-22DOI: 10.21294/1814-4861-2024-23-1-75-86
M. Perepechaeva, O. Goreva, O. Berezina, T. I. Pospelova, A. Grishanova
Introduction. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a disease characterized by large individual differences both in the clinical course and in molecular patterns of expression of genes and regulatory RNAs, which can influence pathological changes. The involvement of regulatory microRNAs miR-155 and miR-223 in the pathogenesis of CLL is fairly well known, but there is insufficient information about possible fluctuations in the expression of miR-155 and miR-223 depending on the time course of pathology development and on parameters of medical treatment. Purpose – to investigate the expression of miR-155 and miR-223 in patients having CLL with different biological and clinical features and different characteristics of treatment in terms of peripheral-blood substrates (plasma, lymphocytes, and extracellular vesicles) and bone marrow. Material and Methods. This work involved samples of peripheral blood and bone marrow from 38 patients with a diagnosis of CLL from the City Hematology Center at the government-funded healthcare institution (Novosibirsk Oblast) City Clinical Hospital No. 2 from the years 2016 to 2017. Assessment of miR-155 and miR-223 expressions was carried out by reverse-transcription real-time PCR according to the TaqMan principle. Significance of differences between groups was evaluated either by the nonparametric Mann–Whitney test or by the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test with subsequent pairwise comparisons via the Mann–Whitney test. Results. High variation of the analyzed parameters was found. The expression levels of miR-155 and miR-223 in microvesicles of patients with unfavorable chromosomal anomalies were lower than those in patients with the chromosomal aberrations (or the normal karyotype) associated with a moderate effect on CLL prognosis. The expression level of miR-223 in peripheral blood lymphocytes of untreated patients with CLL was higher than that observed in treated patients. Conclusion. differences in the expression levels of miR-155 and miR-223 were identified depending on chromosomal aberrations and polychemotherapy. Our preliminary results will provide the basis for future larger studies on levels of microRNAs in CLL patients having specific features of the development, clinical course, and treatment of the disease.
{"title":"miR-155 and miR-223 as markers of biological and clinical features of chronic lymphocytic leukemia","authors":"M. Perepechaeva, O. Goreva, O. Berezina, T. I. Pospelova, A. Grishanova","doi":"10.21294/1814-4861-2024-23-1-75-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21294/1814-4861-2024-23-1-75-86","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a disease characterized by large individual differences both in the clinical course and in molecular patterns of expression of genes and regulatory RNAs, which can influence pathological changes. The involvement of regulatory microRNAs miR-155 and miR-223 in the pathogenesis of CLL is fairly well known, but there is insufficient information about possible fluctuations in the expression of miR-155 and miR-223 depending on the time course of pathology development and on parameters of medical treatment. Purpose – to investigate the expression of miR-155 and miR-223 in patients having CLL with different biological and clinical features and different characteristics of treatment in terms of peripheral-blood substrates (plasma, lymphocytes, and extracellular vesicles) and bone marrow. Material and Methods. This work involved samples of peripheral blood and bone marrow from 38 patients with a diagnosis of CLL from the City Hematology Center at the government-funded healthcare institution (Novosibirsk Oblast) City Clinical Hospital No. 2 from the years 2016 to 2017. Assessment of miR-155 and miR-223 expressions was carried out by reverse-transcription real-time PCR according to the TaqMan principle. Significance of differences between groups was evaluated either by the nonparametric Mann–Whitney test or by the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test with subsequent pairwise comparisons via the Mann–Whitney test. Results. High variation of the analyzed parameters was found. The expression levels of miR-155 and miR-223 in microvesicles of patients with unfavorable chromosomal anomalies were lower than those in patients with the chromosomal aberrations (or the normal karyotype) associated with a moderate effect on CLL prognosis. The expression level of miR-223 in peripheral blood lymphocytes of untreated patients with CLL was higher than that observed in treated patients. Conclusion. differences in the expression levels of miR-155 and miR-223 were identified depending on chromosomal aberrations and polychemotherapy. Our preliminary results will provide the basis for future larger studies on levels of microRNAs in CLL patients having specific features of the development, clinical course, and treatment of the disease.","PeriodicalId":21881,"journal":{"name":"Siberian journal of oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140211915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.21294/1814-4861-2024-23-1-87-97
A. Kalinchuk, V. Perelmuter, L. Tashireva
Functioning of the Pd-1/Pd-L1 immune checkpoint in the microenvironment of breast cancer may lead to the tumor escape from the immune response. However, it is unknown how often Pd-L1 binds to Pd-1 in breast cancer patients, which Pd-L1-positive cells are predominantly involved in the interaction, and what prognostic significance it has. The objective of the study was to assess the frequency of co-location of Pd-1/Pd-L1-positive cells in the microenvironment of breast cancer as well as to determine the population of these cells. Material and Methods. The study included 25 patients with invasive breast carcinoma. Interaction between cells carrying the Pd-1 receptor and the Pd-L1 ligand in the tumor microenvironment were visualized using multiplex TSA (tyramide signal amplification)-modified immunohistochemistry. Participation of M1 macrophages (Cd68+Cd163-Cd3-CKAE1/3-), M2 macrophages (Cd68+/-Cd163+Cd3-CKAE1/3-), lymphocytes (Cd68-Cd163-Cd3+CKAE1/3-) and other immune cells in these interactions was assessed. Results. Half of the breast cancer patients included in the study had interactions of immune cells of the microenvironment, one of which carried Pd-1, and the other carried Pd-L1. The contact of cells carrying Pd-1 and Pd-L1 was associated with the level of TILs and the ratio of Pd-1+/ Pd-L1+ cells in the tumor microenvironment. The Pd-1/Pd-L1 interaction was found with similar frequency in Pd-L1 positive and negative patients. In the cell contacts, macrophages acted as Pd-L1+ cells in the vast majority of cases. Lymphocytes were Pd-1-positive cells rather than Pd-L1-carrying cells. In addition, it was found that metastasis-free survival was not associated with the presence or absence of co-localized cells carrying Pd-1 and Pd-L1 in the tumor microenvironment. Conclusion. Co-location of immune cells carrying Pd-1 and Pd-L1 occurs in breast cancer. M1 and M2 macrophages, Cd3+ lymphocytes and other immune cells are involved in these interactions. However, further studies are needed to establish the prognostic significance of these contacts.
{"title":"Visualization of PD-L1-positive and PD-1-positive immune cell contact in the breast cancer microenvironment","authors":"A. Kalinchuk, V. Perelmuter, L. Tashireva","doi":"10.21294/1814-4861-2024-23-1-87-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21294/1814-4861-2024-23-1-87-97","url":null,"abstract":"Functioning of the Pd-1/Pd-L1 immune checkpoint in the microenvironment of breast cancer may lead to the tumor escape from the immune response. However, it is unknown how often Pd-L1 binds to Pd-1 in breast cancer patients, which Pd-L1-positive cells are predominantly involved in the interaction, and what prognostic significance it has. The objective of the study was to assess the frequency of co-location of Pd-1/Pd-L1-positive cells in the microenvironment of breast cancer as well as to determine the population of these cells. Material and Methods. The study included 25 patients with invasive breast carcinoma. Interaction between cells carrying the Pd-1 receptor and the Pd-L1 ligand in the tumor microenvironment were visualized using multiplex TSA (tyramide signal amplification)-modified immunohistochemistry. Participation of M1 macrophages (Cd68+Cd163-Cd3-CKAE1/3-), M2 macrophages (Cd68+/-Cd163+Cd3-CKAE1/3-), lymphocytes (Cd68-Cd163-Cd3+CKAE1/3-) and other immune cells in these interactions was assessed. Results. Half of the breast cancer patients included in the study had interactions of immune cells of the microenvironment, one of which carried Pd-1, and the other carried Pd-L1. The contact of cells carrying Pd-1 and Pd-L1 was associated with the level of TILs and the ratio of Pd-1+/ Pd-L1+ cells in the tumor microenvironment. The Pd-1/Pd-L1 interaction was found with similar frequency in Pd-L1 positive and negative patients. In the cell contacts, macrophages acted as Pd-L1+ cells in the vast majority of cases. Lymphocytes were Pd-1-positive cells rather than Pd-L1-carrying cells. In addition, it was found that metastasis-free survival was not associated with the presence or absence of co-localized cells carrying Pd-1 and Pd-L1 in the tumor microenvironment. Conclusion. Co-location of immune cells carrying Pd-1 and Pd-L1 occurs in breast cancer. M1 and M2 macrophages, Cd3+ lymphocytes and other immune cells are involved in these interactions. However, further studies are needed to establish the prognostic significance of these contacts.","PeriodicalId":21881,"journal":{"name":"Siberian journal of oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140221661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.21294/1814-4861-2024-23-1-5-35
E. Choinzonov, S. A. Nekrylov, N. V. Cherdyntseva, V. I. Chernov, V. E. Goldberg
Решение об открытии в Томске филиала Онкологического научного центра Академии медицинских наук СССР было принято 3 января 1979 г. Государственным комитетом СССР по науке и технике, а уже 8 января 1979 г. министром здравоохранения СССР академиком АМН СССР Б.В. Петровским был подписан Приказ № 20 «Об организации в г. Томске Сибирского филиала Онкологического научного центра АМН СССР».
{"title":"The 45th anniversary of Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences","authors":"E. Choinzonov, S. A. Nekrylov, N. V. Cherdyntseva, V. I. Chernov, V. E. Goldberg","doi":"10.21294/1814-4861-2024-23-1-5-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21294/1814-4861-2024-23-1-5-35","url":null,"abstract":"Решение об открытии в Томске филиала Онкологического научного центра Академии медицинских наук СССР было принято 3 января 1979 г. Государственным комитетом СССР по науке и технике, а уже 8 января 1979 г. министром здравоохранения СССР академиком АМН СССР Б.В. Петровским был подписан Приказ № 20 «Об организации в г. Томске Сибирского филиала Онкологического научного центра АМН СССР».","PeriodicalId":21881,"journal":{"name":"Siberian journal of oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140224398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.21294/1814-4861-2024-23-1-36-44
A. Manikhas, L. A. Gor, E. E. Topuzov, A. V. Morozova, I. Kalinin
Background. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. The main treatment for breast cancer includes surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormone therapy. The role of radiation therapy in the management of breast cancer continues to evolve. Radiation therapy is currently being de-escalated to include the use of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) and adjuvant endocrine therapy. Purpose of the study: to compare the efficacy of IORT with that of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in the treatment of early breast cancer. Material and Methods. A retrospective study of 559 patients with early breast cancer was conducted in Clinical Oncology Center of Saint Petersburg. The main treatment group included 273 patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery with IORT and sentinel lymph node biopsy. The control group included 286 patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery with sentinel lymph node biopsy and EBRT. Results. For all patients, the median follow-up time was 59.1 months (interquartile range: 43.7 to 80.7), the minimum follow-up period was 0.6 months, and the maximum follow-up period was 110.4 months. Recurrence occurred in 18 (6.6 %) patients of the main group and in 8 (2.8 %) patients of the control group. A statistically significant association of biological subtype with survival outcomes was found (p=0.02). The hazard ratio for Luminal B of 1.88 (95 % CI 1.02, 3.46) corresponded to a 65 % chance of an earlier onset of a negative outcome. The hazard ratio for triple-negative breast cancer of 3.01 (95 % CI 1.53, 5.95) corresponded to a 75 % chance of an earlier negative outcome. In the main treatment group, 11 (4 %) patients developed disease progression, and 2 of them died of multiple organ failure. In the control group, disease progression was observed in 18 (6.3 %) patients, 6 of whom died. However, the analysis of overall survival using the Kaplan–Meier curve showed a statistically non-significant log-rank p-value (0.73). The 3-year survival rates were 100 % (100 – 100) in the treatment group and 98.2 % (96.7 – 99.8) in the control group. The 5-yaer survival rates were 99.3 % (97.9 – 100) in the treatment group and 97.8 % (96.2 – 99.6) in the control group. These results showed advantage of IORT over EBRT. Conclusions. Intraoperative radiotherapy is a safe and effective alternative to external beam radiotherapy for early breast cancer.
{"title":"Comparison of the effectiveness of intraoperative radiotherapy with external beam radiotherapy in patients with early breast cancer","authors":"A. Manikhas, L. A. Gor, E. E. Topuzov, A. V. Morozova, I. Kalinin","doi":"10.21294/1814-4861-2024-23-1-36-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21294/1814-4861-2024-23-1-36-44","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. The main treatment for breast cancer includes surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormone therapy. The role of radiation therapy in the management of breast cancer continues to evolve. Radiation therapy is currently being de-escalated to include the use of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) and adjuvant endocrine therapy. Purpose of the study: to compare the efficacy of IORT with that of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in the treatment of early breast cancer. Material and Methods. A retrospective study of 559 patients with early breast cancer was conducted in Clinical Oncology Center of Saint Petersburg. The main treatment group included 273 patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery with IORT and sentinel lymph node biopsy. The control group included 286 patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery with sentinel lymph node biopsy and EBRT. Results. For all patients, the median follow-up time was 59.1 months (interquartile range: 43.7 to 80.7), the minimum follow-up period was 0.6 months, and the maximum follow-up period was 110.4 months. Recurrence occurred in 18 (6.6 %) patients of the main group and in 8 (2.8 %) patients of the control group. A statistically significant association of biological subtype with survival outcomes was found (p=0.02). The hazard ratio for Luminal B of 1.88 (95 % CI 1.02, 3.46) corresponded to a 65 % chance of an earlier onset of a negative outcome. The hazard ratio for triple-negative breast cancer of 3.01 (95 % CI 1.53, 5.95) corresponded to a 75 % chance of an earlier negative outcome. In the main treatment group, 11 (4 %) patients developed disease progression, and 2 of them died of multiple organ failure. In the control group, disease progression was observed in 18 (6.3 %) patients, 6 of whom died. However, the analysis of overall survival using the Kaplan–Meier curve showed a statistically non-significant log-rank p-value (0.73). The 3-year survival rates were 100 % (100 – 100) in the treatment group and 98.2 % (96.7 – 99.8) in the control group. The 5-yaer survival rates were 99.3 % (97.9 – 100) in the treatment group and 97.8 % (96.2 – 99.6) in the control group. These results showed advantage of IORT over EBRT. Conclusions. Intraoperative radiotherapy is a safe and effective alternative to external beam radiotherapy for early breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":21881,"journal":{"name":"Siberian journal of oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140223800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.21294/1814-4861-2024-23-1-130-141
N. Mitiushkina, E. N. Imyanitov
The aim of the study was to assess the frequency and clinical significance of various molecular genetic aberrations in biliary tract tumors and to determine the optimal methods of their testing. Material and Methods. We searched the literature sources containing information on predictive molecular markers relevant for the choice of therapy in biliary tract tumors in PubMed and eLibrary databases for the period from 2010 to 2023. data from 60 studies were included in this review. Results. Biliary tract tumors are characterized by poor prognosis and low sensitivity to major systemic therapies. Nevertheless, the emergence of new targeting drugs and prescription of therapy based on the results of molecular genetic analysis can increase the life expectancy and improve the quality of life of a significant proportion of patients. The most frequently detected clinically significant abnormalities in all biliary tract tumors include HER2 gene amplification/hyperexpression (5–20 % of cases), microsatellite instability (1–2 % of cases), BRAF V600E oncogene mutation (1–2 % of cases) and KRAS G12C oncogene mutation (about 1 % of cases). Specific targetable abnormalities unique to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas include aberrations in the gene encoding fibroblast growth factor receptor 2, FGFR2 (10–20 % of cases) and mutations in the gene encoding the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase 1, IDH1 (5–30 % of cases). Very rare clinically significant molecular markers for biliary tract tumors include translocations involving the receptor tyrosine kinase genes NTRK1-3, RET, ALK and ROS1. Mutations in the genes of the dNA double-strand break repair system by the mechanism of homologous recombination are also potentially significant for the choice of therapy. First of all, these are BRCA1/2 genes, hereditary mutations in which, according to two studies, are characteristic of 5–7 % of patients with biliary cancer. Although a significant part of the above-mentioned disorders can be detected by traditional molecular biological approaches such as PCR, IHC, FISH and Sanger sequencing, a comprehensive analysis of all molecular markers of predictive value in biliary tract tumors is difficult to perform without the help of next-generation sequencing (NGS). Conclusion. To improve treatment outcomes of patients with advanced and metastatic biliary tract cancer by individualizing drug therapy, it is necessary to perform comprehensive molecular genetic analysis of tumour tissue.
{"title":"The role of molecular diagnostics in the choice of therapy for biliary tract cancers","authors":"N. Mitiushkina, E. N. Imyanitov","doi":"10.21294/1814-4861-2024-23-1-130-141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21294/1814-4861-2024-23-1-130-141","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to assess the frequency and clinical significance of various molecular genetic aberrations in biliary tract tumors and to determine the optimal methods of their testing. Material and Methods. We searched the literature sources containing information on predictive molecular markers relevant for the choice of therapy in biliary tract tumors in PubMed and eLibrary databases for the period from 2010 to 2023. data from 60 studies were included in this review. Results. Biliary tract tumors are characterized by poor prognosis and low sensitivity to major systemic therapies. Nevertheless, the emergence of new targeting drugs and prescription of therapy based on the results of molecular genetic analysis can increase the life expectancy and improve the quality of life of a significant proportion of patients. The most frequently detected clinically significant abnormalities in all biliary tract tumors include HER2 gene amplification/hyperexpression (5–20 % of cases), microsatellite instability (1–2 % of cases), BRAF V600E oncogene mutation (1–2 % of cases) and KRAS G12C oncogene mutation (about 1 % of cases). Specific targetable abnormalities unique to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas include aberrations in the gene encoding fibroblast growth factor receptor 2, FGFR2 (10–20 % of cases) and mutations in the gene encoding the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase 1, IDH1 (5–30 % of cases). Very rare clinically significant molecular markers for biliary tract tumors include translocations involving the receptor tyrosine kinase genes NTRK1-3, RET, ALK and ROS1. Mutations in the genes of the dNA double-strand break repair system by the mechanism of homologous recombination are also potentially significant for the choice of therapy. First of all, these are BRCA1/2 genes, hereditary mutations in which, according to two studies, are characteristic of 5–7 % of patients with biliary cancer. Although a significant part of the above-mentioned disorders can be detected by traditional molecular biological approaches such as PCR, IHC, FISH and Sanger sequencing, a comprehensive analysis of all molecular markers of predictive value in biliary tract tumors is difficult to perform without the help of next-generation sequencing (NGS). Conclusion. To improve treatment outcomes of patients with advanced and metastatic biliary tract cancer by individualizing drug therapy, it is necessary to perform comprehensive molecular genetic analysis of tumour tissue.","PeriodicalId":21881,"journal":{"name":"Siberian journal of oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140221279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.21294/1814-4861-2024-23-1-142-154
S. V. Belokon, I. Gulidov, D. Gogolin, K. E. Medvedeva, S. A. Ivanov, A. Kaprin
Background. Glioblastoma (GB) remains an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis. despite a comprehensive approach to the treatment of the primary disease, recurrence is almost inevitable. There is still no standard of care for GB recurrence, and many guidelines recommend treating these patients within clinical trials. There are various treatment options available. They include surgery, radiation therapy, systemic or regional chemotherapy or targeted therapy, various immunotherapy strategies, low- and medium-frequency electric fields, and their combinations. The combination of two non-invasive techniques: re-irradiation and systemic targeted therapy remains the most commonly used approach in this group of patients, the potential of which has not been fully realized. The aim of the study was to analyze the literature data on the use of the combination of re-irradiation with bevacizumab as a therapeutic option in patients with GB. Material and Methods. Literature search was performed using Medline, Cochrane Library, E-library, Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Results. The current state of the problem was determined, the data available to date on the use of repeated radiotherapy with competitive and/or adjuvant bevacizumab in the treatment of GB recurrence were summarized and analyzed, different regimens of this approach were compared, and the prospects and possible ways of solving the existing problems of this therapeutic option were described. Conclusion. Re-irradiation with concomitant administration of bevacizumab may provide safer treatment of GB recurrence, including large-volume glioblastoma, with acceptable toxicity, in particular radiation necrosis, especially when an appropriate fractionation schedule is used.
{"title":"Re-irradiation combined with bevacizumab in the treatment of glioblastoma recurrence","authors":"S. V. Belokon, I. Gulidov, D. Gogolin, K. E. Medvedeva, S. A. Ivanov, A. Kaprin","doi":"10.21294/1814-4861-2024-23-1-142-154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21294/1814-4861-2024-23-1-142-154","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Glioblastoma (GB) remains an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis. despite a comprehensive approach to the treatment of the primary disease, recurrence is almost inevitable. There is still no standard of care for GB recurrence, and many guidelines recommend treating these patients within clinical trials. There are various treatment options available. They include surgery, radiation therapy, systemic or regional chemotherapy or targeted therapy, various immunotherapy strategies, low- and medium-frequency electric fields, and their combinations. The combination of two non-invasive techniques: re-irradiation and systemic targeted therapy remains the most commonly used approach in this group of patients, the potential of which has not been fully realized. The aim of the study was to analyze the literature data on the use of the combination of re-irradiation with bevacizumab as a therapeutic option in patients with GB. Material and Methods. Literature search was performed using Medline, Cochrane Library, E-library, Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Results. The current state of the problem was determined, the data available to date on the use of repeated radiotherapy with competitive and/or adjuvant bevacizumab in the treatment of GB recurrence were summarized and analyzed, different regimens of this approach were compared, and the prospects and possible ways of solving the existing problems of this therapeutic option were described. Conclusion. Re-irradiation with concomitant administration of bevacizumab may provide safer treatment of GB recurrence, including large-volume glioblastoma, with acceptable toxicity, in particular radiation necrosis, especially when an appropriate fractionation schedule is used.","PeriodicalId":21881,"journal":{"name":"Siberian journal of oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140223954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.21294/1814-4861-2024-23-1-120-129
A. V. Khachaturyan, P. V. Bulychkin
The abscopal effect in oncology has been known for 70 years, but until recently its clinical significance was rather low. The development of immune response checkpoint inhibitors has led to an active study of this phenomenon. There is now evidence of improved survival among patients, in whom the abscopal effect has been documented, opening new perspectives for the treatment of cancers at different stages. This review presents data on the mechanisms of the abscopal effect, experimental and clinical data, current limitations and possible perspectives. The aim of the study was to investigate the current concept of the abscopal effect occurrence and to evaluate the prospects of using the abscopal effect in therapy of metastatic cancer. Material and Methods. We searched publications in Pubmed system from 2010 to 2023. Of 286 publications, 72 were used for writing the review. Results. In the era of widespread use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for cancer therapy, the abscopal effect appears to be an effective therapeutic approach with broad prospects of application in the treatment of patients with metastatic cancer. Conclusion. The incidence of the abscopal effect has increased with the advent of immune therapy, and the use of ICIs with radiation therapy (RT) has shown improved survival even in patients with advanced disease. More research is needed to establish standardized treatment protocols, including the optimal dose and timing of RT, as well as the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with different classes of ICIs. Further search for clinical and laboratory abscopal effect predictors, which could allow personalized treatment approaches, is required.
{"title":"The abscopal effect: mechanism of occurrence and prospects of using it in therapy of metastatic cancer","authors":"A. V. Khachaturyan, P. V. Bulychkin","doi":"10.21294/1814-4861-2024-23-1-120-129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21294/1814-4861-2024-23-1-120-129","url":null,"abstract":"The abscopal effect in oncology has been known for 70 years, but until recently its clinical significance was rather low. The development of immune response checkpoint inhibitors has led to an active study of this phenomenon. There is now evidence of improved survival among patients, in whom the abscopal effect has been documented, opening new perspectives for the treatment of cancers at different stages. This review presents data on the mechanisms of the abscopal effect, experimental and clinical data, current limitations and possible perspectives. The aim of the study was to investigate the current concept of the abscopal effect occurrence and to evaluate the prospects of using the abscopal effect in therapy of metastatic cancer. Material and Methods. We searched publications in Pubmed system from 2010 to 2023. Of 286 publications, 72 were used for writing the review. Results. In the era of widespread use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for cancer therapy, the abscopal effect appears to be an effective therapeutic approach with broad prospects of application in the treatment of patients with metastatic cancer. Conclusion. The incidence of the abscopal effect has increased with the advent of immune therapy, and the use of ICIs with radiation therapy (RT) has shown improved survival even in patients with advanced disease. More research is needed to establish standardized treatment protocols, including the optimal dose and timing of RT, as well as the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with different classes of ICIs. Further search for clinical and laboratory abscopal effect predictors, which could allow personalized treatment approaches, is required.","PeriodicalId":21881,"journal":{"name":"Siberian journal of oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140224783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-05DOI: 10.21294/1814-4861-2023-22-6-153-171
D. M. Pugaev, L. N. Lyubchenko, A. Ryabov, A. Kaprin
Objective. Early-onset gastric cancer (EOGC) constitutes a serious medical and social problem. Early-onset gastric cancer accounts for approximately 6% of all malignant epithelial neoplasms.Material and Methods. We reviewed retrospective and prospective randomized trials using Medline and Elibrary databases.Results. The applied significance of the molecular genetic classifications consist in the formation of groups for evaluating prognosis of the disease using multifactorial analysis. This classification indicates that EOGC diagnosed at a locally advanced stage and primary dissemination is most often caused by GS (TCGA) and MSS/EMT(ACRG) subtypes and is characterized by mutations in CDH1, RhoA, CLDN18-ARHGAP genes. These changes are accompanied by the prevalence of diffuse histological type of gastric cancer according to the Lauren classification and ulcerated or infiltrative type according to the Borrmann classification (type III and IV) with the presence of high-grade adenocarcinoma with a signet ring cell component.Conclusion. Considering the aggressiveness of gastric cancer in young patients, who more frequently present with locally advanced and metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis, there is a need for increased cancer alertness among physicians of other specialties, early endoscopic controls to detect cancer at early stages and benefit from both surgical and multimodal treatment.
目的。早发胃癌（EOGC）是一个严重的医疗和社会问题。早发胃癌约占所有恶性上皮肿瘤的 6%。我们利用 Medline 和 Elibrary 数据库回顾了回顾性和前瞻性随机试验。分子遗传学分类的应用意义在于通过多因素分析，形成评估疾病预后的组别。该分类表明，在局部晚期和原发性播散阶段确诊的EOGC最常见于GS（TCGA）和MSS/EMT（ACRG）亚型，其特点是CDH1、RhoA、CLDN18-ARHGAP基因发生突变。伴随这些变化的是，根据劳伦分类法（Lauren classification），胃癌的组织学类型为弥漫型；根据博尔曼分类法（III 型和 IV 型），胃癌的组织学类型为溃疡型或浸润型，并存在带有标志环细胞成分的高级别腺癌。考虑到胃癌在年轻患者中的侵袭性，在确诊时更多地表现为局部晚期和转移性疾病，因此需要提高其他专业医生对癌症的警惕性，及早进行内镜检查，以便在早期阶段发现癌症，并从手术和多模式治疗中获益。
{"title":"Early-onset gasrtric cancer (review)","authors":"D. M. Pugaev, L. N. Lyubchenko, A. Ryabov, A. Kaprin","doi":"10.21294/1814-4861-2023-22-6-153-171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21294/1814-4861-2023-22-6-153-171","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Early-onset gastric cancer (EOGC) constitutes a serious medical and social problem. Early-onset gastric cancer accounts for approximately 6% of all malignant epithelial neoplasms.Material and Methods. We reviewed retrospective and prospective randomized trials using Medline and Elibrary databases.Results. The applied significance of the molecular genetic classifications consist in the formation of groups for evaluating prognosis of the disease using multifactorial analysis. This classification indicates that EOGC diagnosed at a locally advanced stage and primary dissemination is most often caused by GS (TCGA) and MSS/EMT(ACRG) subtypes and is characterized by mutations in CDH1, RhoA, CLDN18-ARHGAP genes. These changes are accompanied by the prevalence of diffuse histological type of gastric cancer according to the Lauren classification and ulcerated or infiltrative type according to the Borrmann classification (type III and IV) with the presence of high-grade adenocarcinoma with a signet ring cell component.Conclusion. Considering the aggressiveness of gastric cancer in young patients, who more frequently present with locally advanced and metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis, there is a need for increased cancer alertness among physicians of other specialties, early endoscopic controls to detect cancer at early stages and benefit from both surgical and multimodal treatment.","PeriodicalId":21881,"journal":{"name":"Siberian journal of oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139382845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-05DOI: 10.21294/1814-4861-2023-22-6-179-184
A. A. Chernyаkov, S. Y. Chizhevskаyа, E. Choynzonov, L. N. Bаlаtskаyа, L. V. Spirinа, A. L. Chernyshovа, M. R. Mukhаmedov, O. S. Dil
Introduction. Thyroid cаncer is the most common endocrine malignancies accounting for approximately 2 % of all cancers in Russiа аnd 2.3 % in the world. Several studies have reported on the infuence of hormonаl status on the prognosis of thyroid cаncer, in pаrticulаr, femаle sex hormones, such as estrogens аnd progesterone, contribute to thyroid cell proliferation. In this regard, thyroid cancer occurring during pregnancy is of particular interest.The purpose of the study was to аnаlyze the literаture sources concerning thyroid cаncer occurring during pregnаncy and to evaluate the impact of pregnаncy on the progression of thyroid cancer.Mаteriаl аnd Methods. A literature seаrch wаs conducted using Cochrаne, Librаry, and Elibrаry databases. The review included studies from 1981 to 2022.Conclusion. Currently, most studies report thаt pregnаncy does not adversely affect the outcomes of thyroid cancer; however, many aspects concerning the hormonаl effect аnd receptor stаtus of thyroid cancer require more detаiled study.
{"title":"Thyroid cаncer occuring during pregnаncy. Literаture review","authors":"A. A. Chernyаkov, S. Y. Chizhevskаyа, E. Choynzonov, L. N. Bаlаtskаyа, L. V. Spirinа, A. L. Chernyshovа, M. R. Mukhаmedov, O. S. Dil","doi":"10.21294/1814-4861-2023-22-6-179-184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21294/1814-4861-2023-22-6-179-184","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Thyroid cаncer is the most common endocrine malignancies accounting for approximately 2 % of all cancers in Russiа аnd 2.3 % in the world. Several studies have reported on the infuence of hormonаl status on the prognosis of thyroid cаncer, in pаrticulаr, femаle sex hormones, such as estrogens аnd progesterone, contribute to thyroid cell proliferation. In this regard, thyroid cancer occurring during pregnancy is of particular interest.The purpose of the study was to аnаlyze the literаture sources concerning thyroid cаncer occurring during pregnаncy and to evaluate the impact of pregnаncy on the progression of thyroid cancer.Mаteriаl аnd Methods. A literature seаrch wаs conducted using Cochrаne, Librаry, and Elibrаry databases. The review included studies from 1981 to 2022.Conclusion. Currently, most studies report thаt pregnаncy does not adversely affect the outcomes of thyroid cancer; however, many aspects concerning the hormonаl effect аnd receptor stаtus of thyroid cancer require more detаiled study.","PeriodicalId":21881,"journal":{"name":"Siberian journal of oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139384097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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