Soil Biology & Biochemistry最新文献_第10页

Microbial death in the Andes: necromass declines despite growth and carbon-use-efficiency increases with decadal soil warming 安第斯山脉的微生物死亡：尽管生长和碳利用效率随着土壤年代际变暖而增加，但坏死块仍在减少

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.110002

Andrew T. Nottingham , Kristiina Karhu , Norma Salinas , Jörg Schnecker , Outi-Maaria Sietiö , Angela K. Martin-Vivanco , Wolfgang Wanek , Patrick Meir

The growth and death of soil microbes are important drivers of soil carbon formation. A warming climate is predicted to affect both the production of microbial biomass and the stability of microbial residues (necromass) held in soils. However, we have very little information on how warming in tropical soils will affect these processes, and on the effect of temperature on microbial production and turnover over different time-scales. To address this, we studied temperature effects on microbial-mediated C cycling across two different time-scales, using a 20 °C mean annual temperature gradient in the Peruvian Andes (long-term effects) and decadal experimental-warming via soil translocation (11-years of temperature effects). At long-term timescales, a legacy of warmer temperatures decreased microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE), microbial biomass C, and decreased fungal and bacterial necromass concentration in soils. At decadal timescales, experimental warming increased CUE, microbial production and microbial biomass concentration (likely the result of concomitant changes in substrate availability). However, this did not translate into increased microbial necromass concentration, which generally declined with warming across all temporal scales. Together, we show that warmer temperatures over decadal (11-year) timescales affect soil microbial processes to potentially increase their C input to soil (increased CUE, microbial production, and biomass) but we find no evidence that this C became stabilized as the necromass C pool decreased. Our results indicate that warming can alter microbial community metabolism to potentially increase necromass C inputs to soil, although we find no evidence to show that this offset overall soil C loss with warming.

土壤微生物的生长和死亡是土壤碳形成的重要驱动因素。预计气候变暖将影响微生物生物量的产生和土壤中微生物残留物（坏死物）的稳定性。然而，关于热带土壤变暖将如何影响这些过程，以及不同时间尺度上温度对微生物生产和周转的影响，我们知之甚少。为了解决这个问题，我们在两个不同的时间尺度上研究了温度对微生物介导的碳循环的影响，使用了秘鲁安第斯山脉20°C的年平均温度梯度（长期影响）和通过土壤易位产生的十年代际实验变暖（11年的温度影响）。在长期时间尺度上，温度升高降低了土壤中微生物碳利用效率（CUE）、微生物生物量C，并降低了真菌和细菌的坏死团浓度。在年代际时间尺度上，实验变暖增加了CUE、微生物产量和微生物生物量浓度（可能是伴随基质有效性变化的结果）。然而，这并没有转化为微生物坏死团浓度的增加，在所有时间尺度上，微生物坏死团浓度通常随着变暖而下降。总之，我们发现，在十年（11年）的时间尺度上，温度升高会影响土壤微生物过程，从而潜在地增加它们对土壤的碳输入（增加CUE、微生物产量和生物量），但我们没有发现证据表明，随着坏死体碳库的减少，这些碳会趋于稳定。我们的研究结果表明，变暖可以改变微生物群落的代谢，从而潜在地增加土壤中的坏死体碳输入，尽管我们没有发现证据表明这抵消了变暖带来的总体土壤碳损失。

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引用次数: 0

Nitrogen and phosphorus additions reshape soil microbial metabolic functions in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau alpine meadows

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.110026

Jiayi Zhao , Yuying Jiang , Fei Ren , Lanping Li , Huaihai Chen

Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition and phosphorus (P) enrichment are profoundly altering terrestrial ecosystem stoichiometry, with particularly pronounced impacts on the fragile alpine meadow ecosystems. Yet, the effects of N and P inputs on critical metabolic functions of soil microbial communities remain poorly understood. Here, we conducted a 4-year N and P addition experiment in alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Our results demonstrate that N and P additions increased soil nitrate by 10.3-fold and 2-fold, respectively, but concurrently reduced plant species richness by 44.3 % and 33.6 %, favoring the dominance of grasses. N fertilization markedly increased the abundance of amoA genes (5.7-fold) and microbial alpha-diversity, accelerating nitrification processes. In contrast, low-level P addition (50 kg P Ha⁻²) enhanced the diversity of phoD (alkaline phosphatase) genes (Richness: +6.8 %, Shannon index: +2.0 %). Metagenomic analysis revealed a shift towards copiotrophic bacteria (e.g., Proteobacteria) by N enrichment, while P addition boosted predatory bacteria (e.g., Myxococcus). Both nutrient additions altered carbon (C) metabolism. This shift favored the metagenomic functions of proteins biosynthesis and ATP synthases for growth-associated synthetic processes, over the synthesis of complex compounds (e.g, aromatic compounds). This led to a depletion of complex lipids and aromatic compounds, which are crucial for stable soil organic matter formation. These findings demonstrate that N and (or) P inputs profoundly reshape microbial community structure and metabolism, with implications for C stability and functioning of these vulnerable ecosystems under ongoing global change and human disturbance.

人为氮(N)沉降和磷(P)富集正深刻改变着陆地生态系统的化学计量特征，对脆弱的高寒草甸生态系统的影响尤为显著。然而，氮磷输入对土壤微生物群落关键代谢功能的影响尚不清楚。结果表明，氮素和磷的添加使土壤硝酸盐含量分别增加了10.3倍和2倍，但同时使植物物种丰富度减少了44.3%和33.6%，以禾草为主。施氮显著增加了amoA基因丰度（5.7倍）和微生物α多样性，加速了硝化过程。低水平磷（50 Kg磷Ha-2）可提高碱性磷酸酶基因多样性（丰富度+6.8%，Shannon指数+2.0%）。宏基因组分析显示，氮的富集促进了嗜菌菌（如变形菌）的生长，而磷的添加促进了掠食性细菌（如粘球菌）的生长。两种营养素的添加都改变了碳(C)代谢。这种转变有利于生长相关合成过程中蛋白质生物合成和ATP合酶的宏基因组功能，而不是复杂化合物（如芳香族化合物）的合成。这导致了复杂的脂质和芳香族化合物的消耗，这对稳定的土壤有机质形成至关重要。这些发现表明，在持续的全球变化和人类干扰下，N和（或）P输入深刻地重塑了微生物群落结构和代谢，对这些脆弱生态系统的C稳定性和功能具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Long-term chemical fertilizer application enhances ammonia oxidizers-mediated soil carbon neutrality 长期施用化肥可增强氨氧化剂介导的土壤碳中性

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.110018

Xueru Huang , Zhuo Zhang , Taoyi Ren , Song Li , Ping Zhu , Jingjing Ma , Zhongjun Jia , Jingkuan Wang , Marcela Hernández

Ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (AOMs) primarily use chemoautotrophic CO₂ fixation for growth, while their decay substantially contributes to soil organic carbon (SOC) that may be respired as CO₂, leaving their net impact on soil carbon neutrality unclear. This study employed two-phase microcosm incubation to examine how AOM cell proliferation and death affect SOC accumulation in long-term unfertilized CK (continuous maize) and chemically fertilized CC (continuous maize), CS (continuous soybean), and RCS (rotation maize-soybean) treatments. During the 28-day incubation with ¹³CO₂ and urea (Phase I), net production of soil organic ¹³C (¹³C–SOC) showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) among treatments: CK (23.6 μg g⁻¹), CC (20.9 μg g⁻¹), CS (22.8 μg g⁻¹), and RCS (25.0 μg g⁻¹). This ¹³C–SOC originated entirely from active ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA), with fertilized treatments showing significantly higher AOB: AOA protein-C ratios (CC: 4.48; CS: 5.88; RCS: 12.5) than CK (1.56). The mortality of active cells was further assessed (Phase II) by measuring AOM-related ¹³C–CO₂ mineralization, which was approximately twice as high in the CK compared with the fertilized treatments (p < 0.05) within 30 days. This derived mortality rate followed the same trend, which confirmed that the respired portion of the newly generated microbial carbon was lower under chemical fertilizer application. We conclude that long-term chemical fertilizer application increases the AOB: AOA protein-C ratio and promotes the ammonia oxidizer-derived SOC accumulation through their life cycles, ultimately supporting carbon neutrality.

氨氧化微生物（AOMs）主要利用化学自养CO2固定生长，而它们的腐烂主要贡献土壤有机碳（SOC），这些有机碳可能作为CO2被呼吸，但它们对土壤碳中和的净影响尚不清楚。本研究采用两相微观培养方法，研究了长期未施肥CK（连续玉米）和化学施肥CC（连续玉米）、CS（连续大豆）和RCS（玉米-大豆轮作）处理下AOM细胞增殖和死亡对有机碳积累的影响。在13CO2和尿素作用28 d（第一期）期间，土壤有机13C （13C- soc）净产量在对照（23.6 μg -1）、CC （20.9 μg -1）、CS （22.8 μg -1）和RCS （25.0 μg -1）处理之间无显著差异（p > 0.05）。该13C-SOC完全来源于活性氨氧化菌（AOB）和古菌（AOA），施肥处理AOB: AOA蛋白- c比值（CC: 4.48, CS: 5.88, RCS: 12.5）显著高于对照（1.56）。通过测量与aom相关的13C-CO2矿化，进一步评估活性细胞的死亡率（II期），在30天内，CK的13C-CO2矿化率大约是受精处理的两倍（p < 0.05）。导出的死亡率遵循相同的趋势，这证实了化肥施用下新产生的微生物碳的呼吸部分较低。我们得出结论，长期施用化肥增加了AOB: AOA蛋白- c比值，并促进氨氧化剂衍生的SOC在其整个生命周期中的积累，最终支持碳中和。

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引用次数: 0

Biogeochemical response to drying-rewetting in riparian soils influences carbon mobilization 河岸土壤干-复湿的生物地球化学响应影响碳动员

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.110012

Martin Škerlep , Melissa Reidy , Hjalmar Laudon , Ryan A. Sponseller

Organic-rich riparian soils in northern boreal landscapes are often the primary source of organic and inorganic carbon (C) to headwater streams. During extreme hydro-climatic events, such as droughts, the production and mobilization of C in these soils may be sensitive to changes in groundwater levels. Yet, the biogeochemical effects of drying and rewetting have been under-investigated in boreal riparian zones, particularly when compared to peat soils in discrete landscape components (i.e., mires). Here, we experimentally assess the response of riparian soil cores to simulated drought and rewetting and test whether mobilization of dissolved organic matter (DOM), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and methane (CH₄) are altered by geochemical and biological drivers over a two-month rewetting period. Drought oxidized the soil profile, upregulated activities of oxidative enzymes, and replenished terminal electron acceptors (TEAs), most notably sulfate (SO₄²⁻), which likely suppressed DOM concentrations over the short term. However, over the longer term, soil DOM mobilization increased in response to rewetting, unrelated to the intensity of experimental drought. Enzyme activity during the rewetting phase indicates that the persistent increases in DOM may be linked to microbially-mediated decomposition of organic matter following drought. By contrast, CO₂ production was sensitive to drought intensity, with concentrations suppressed in soils subjected to the most extreme drying treatment. Elevated SO₄²⁻ concentrations also delayed the recovery of CH₄ production in soils by creating a pool of more favorable TEAs. Our results collectively show that mobilization of different C forms in riparian soils is influenced by drying-rewetting events through multiple biogeochemical mechanisms operating at different time scales. These findings have broader implications for the lateral transfer of organic and inorganic C from riparian zones to streams in response to predicted increases in climate variability.

在北方寒带景观中，富有机的河岸土壤通常是向水源提供有机和无机碳(C)的主要来源。在极端水文气候事件期间，如干旱，这些土壤中C的产生和动员可能对地下水位的变化很敏感。然而，在北方河岸带，干燥和再湿润的生物地球化学效应尚未得到充分的研究，特别是与离散景观成分（即沼泽）中的泥炭土相比。在此，我们通过实验评估了河岸土壤岩心对模拟干旱和再湿润的响应，并测试了在两个月的再湿润期间，地球化学和生物驱动因素是否改变了溶解有机质（DOM）、二氧化碳（CO2）和甲烷（CH4）的动员。干旱使土壤表面氧化，氧化酶活性上调，并补充了末端电子受体（tea），尤其是硫酸盐（SO42-），这可能在短期内抑制了DOM浓度。然而，从长期来看，土壤DOM动员增加是对再湿润的响应，与试验干旱的强度无关。再湿润阶段的酶活性表明，DOM的持续增加可能与干旱后微生物介导的有机物分解有关。相比之下，CO2产量对干旱强度敏感，在最极端的干燥处理下，其浓度受到抑制。升高的SO42-浓度也通过创造一个更有利的tea池来延缓土壤中CH4产量的恢复。我们的研究结果共同表明，在不同的时间尺度上，干-再湿事件通过多种生物地球化学机制影响了河岸土壤中不同形式C的动员。这些发现对有机和无机碳从河岸带向河流的横向转移具有更广泛的意义，以响应预测的气候变率的增加。

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引用次数: 0

Some new grand questions in soil biology and biochemistry 土壤生物学和生物化学中的一些新的重大问题

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109996

Yakov Kuzyakov , Ning Ling , Giacomo Pietramellara , Paolo Nannipieri

In this Perspective, we look into the future and outline the crucial unresolved questions that can define broad directions in soil biology and biochemistry over the next decades. Considering that most of the Grand Questions of Selman A. Waksman have been answered over the last 100 years, we suggest here intriguing fundamental topics of basic research linking soil life with biochemical processes and ecosystem functions necessary for system understanding. We raise the following six question groups: Which level of understanding of microbial communities do we need? What are the emerging (microbial) properties and functions of soil? Are microbial memory and legacy important for soil functions? What defines soil health: pools, fluxes or potentials? Microbial growth and death: Can we identify the state of the soil microbiome and its importance for biochemical cycles? We subdivide each of these groups into narrower questions and briefly discuss the unsolved scientific problems based on previous and recent studies. The unresolved problems are visualized with exciting examples. We hope that this Perspective will stimulate new and broader discussion, as well as provide novel ideas for future research topics in soil biology and biochemistry.

在这一展望中，我们展望了未来，并概述了关键的未解决的问题，这些问题可以确定未来几十年土壤生物学和生物化学的广阔方向。考虑到Selman A. Waksman的大多数重大问题在过去的100年里已经得到了回答，我们在这里提出了将土壤生命与生物化学过程和系统理解所必需的生态系统功能联系起来的基础研究的有趣的基本主题。我们提出以下六个问题组：我们需要对微生物群落的了解达到什么程度？土壤的新兴（微生物）特性和功能是什么？微生物记忆和遗产对土壤功能重要吗？什么定义土壤健康：池、通量还是潜力？微生物的生长和死亡：我们能否确定土壤微生物群的状态及其对生化循环的重要性？我们将这些组细分为更窄的问题，并简要讨论基于以前和最近的研究尚未解决的科学问题。用令人兴奋的例子将未解决的问题形象化。我们希望这一观点能够激发新的和更广泛的讨论，并为未来土壤生物学和生物化学的研究课题提供新的思路。

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引用次数: 0

Rapid mineralization of mineral-bound carboxyl-carbon of salicylic acid and phenylalanine 水杨酸和苯丙氨酸的矿物结合羧基碳的快速矿化

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.110016

Alexander Konrad , Diana Hofmann , Jan Siemens , Friederike Lang , Ines Mulder , Kenton P. Stutz

Ligand-bound carboxylic acids are considered a stabilized fraction of mineral-adsorbed carbon in soil. Carboxyl-¹⁴C labeled phenylalanine or salicylic acid were adsorbed onto goethite, kaolinite, or illite, and subsequently incubated in both loamy and sandy arable topsoil for three weeks. Contrary to our expectations, more mineral-adsorbed carboxyl-C was mineralized than remaining C in salicylic acid and phenylalanine irrespective of mineral type or soil due to competitive desorption followed by preferential mineralization. Factors that control the desorbability of organic molecules are more important for their stabilization in the soil than sorption strength.

配体结合的羧酸被认为是土壤中矿物吸附碳的稳定组分。羧基- 14c标记的苯丙氨酸或水杨酸被吸附在针铁矿、高岭石或伊利石上，随后在壤土和沙质耕地表土中孵育三周。与我们的预期相反，在水杨酸和苯丙氨酸中，无论矿物类型或土壤如何，由于竞争性解吸后优先矿化，矿物质吸附的羧基C比剩余的C矿化得更多。控制有机分子解吸性的因素对其在土壤中的稳定比吸附强度更重要。

引用次数: 0

Lipids represent a dynamic, yet stable pool of microbially-derived soil carbon 脂质代表了一个动态的，但稳定的微生物来源的土壤碳库

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.110013

Kaitlin R. Rempfert , Sheryl L. Bell , Christopher P. Kasanke , Jennifer Kyle , Kirsten S. Hofmockel

There is an emerging consensus that microorganisms are a primary source of persistent, slow-cycling soil organic matter (SOM), however which microbial residues contribute to SOM and what controls their accumulation remains unresolved. Lipids are a commonly overlooked biomolecular pool that could contribute significantly to stable SOM. While current estimates for phospholipid degradation in soils are rapid, lipids are structurally heterogeneous molecules that could turnover at different rates. Through a year-long soil incubation and compound-specific, stable isotope probing (SIP)-lipidomics, we were able to rigorously track the persistence of lipid compounds in silty and sandy switchgrass bioenergy crop soils. We assessed the influence of lipid structure on soil lipid accrual and degradation as moderated by soil texture, since mineral association is presumed to be the primary mechanism for lipid persistence. After rapid incorporation of ¹³C glucose into microbial biomass, we found ¹³C label was retained broadly across chemically diverse lipid classes, even after one year. ¹³C-labeled lipid profiles varied significantly with soil texture; however, we found no difference between sandy and silty soils in lipid retention, suggesting soil texture may only play a minor role in modulating lipid persistence. Only two lipid subclasses were found to be persistent (i.e., retention of ¹³C label without significant degradation or production): phosphatidylinositol lipids and hydroxyceramide lipids, both of which are negatively charged, possibly facilitating stabilization by mineral complexation. However, several other subclasses displayed substantial ongoing production. In particular, the accumulation of triacylglycerol lipids across soil textures suggests that storage lipids may be an important component of SOC, highlighting a potential target for management strategies to promote C retention by lipid accrual. Overall, the retention for over a year of ¹³C label in microbial intact lipid biomarkers reveals the importance of efficient biomass production and turnover when considering microbial C contributions to SOM.

微生物是持久的、缓慢循环的土壤有机质（SOM）的主要来源，这是一个新兴的共识，然而，哪些微生物残留物有助于SOM以及是什么控制了它们的积累仍未得到解决。脂质是一个通常被忽视的生物分子池，它可能对稳定的SOM有重要贡献。虽然目前对土壤中磷脂降解的估计是快速的，但脂质是结构上不均匀的分子，可以以不同的速率周转。通过为期一年的土壤培养和化合物特异性，稳定同位素探测(SIP)-脂质组学，我们能够严格跟踪粉质和沙质柳枝稷生物能源作物土壤中脂质化合物的持久性。我们评估了土壤脂质结构对土壤脂质积累和降解的影响，因为矿物质关联被认为是脂质持久性的主要机制。在13C葡萄糖快速融入微生物生物量后，我们发现13C标签在化学上不同的脂类中广泛保留，即使在一年后。13c标记的脂质谱随土壤质地变化显著；然而，我们发现砂质土壤和粉质土壤在脂质滞留方面没有差异，这表明土壤质地在调节脂质持久性方面可能只起很小的作用。只有两种脂质亚类被发现是持久的（即，保留13C标签而没有显著降解或产生）：磷脂酰肌醇脂质和羟神经酰胺脂质，两者都带负电荷，可能通过矿物络合促进稳定。然而，其他几个子类显示出大量正在进行的生产。特别是，三酰基甘油脂在土壤结构中的积累表明，储存脂可能是土壤有机碳的重要组成部分，强调了通过脂质积累促进碳潴留的管理策略的潜在目标。总体而言，在微生物完整脂质生物标志物中保留超过一年的13C标签揭示了在考虑微生物C对SOM的贡献时，高效生物质生产和周转的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Long-term intercropping mitigates warming-induced carbon loss via enhancing microbial and substrate resistance 长期间作通过增强微生物和基质的抗性来减轻变暖引起的碳损失

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.110022

Wei Wang , Yang Wang , Jian-Ming Li , Meng-Ying Li , Peng He , Yongxing Cui , Sheng-Jun Ji , Wen-Ying Wang , Levis Kavagi , Muhammd Ashraf , Yinglong Chen , Matthias C. Rillig , You-Cai Xiong

Long-term intercropping represents a key strategy to boost productive and ecological benefits. However, its potential to mitigate soil carbon-climate feedbacks remains unclear. Through a decade-long field investigation, we systematically characterized soil organic carbon (SOC) persistence, bioavailability, microbial traits, and soil properties in both intercropping and monoculture systems. Parallel controlled incubation experiments were conducted to quantify the temperature sensitivity (Q₁₀) of SOC decomposition. The relative contributions of these biotic and abiotic factors to Q₁₀ variability were ultimately determined using mixed-effects modeling. We found that cereal-legume intercropping significantly reduced the Q₁₀ on average by 14.1–18.2 %, relative to monocultures, significantly facilitating carbon resilience of agroecosystems. This effect was closely associated with increased SOC persistence driven by both the chemical recalcitrance of SOC (e.g., Alkyl C and Aromatic C) and its chemical protection through mineral associations. Particularly, sustained intercropping was observed to elevate soil microbial abundance (12.0–39.8 %) and α-diversity (2.4–8.9 %), and network complexity mediated by the enrichment of keystone taxa. Mechanistically, both microorganisms and substrates showcased evident positive effects on improving the resilience of microbial networks and carbon stability, thereby reducing carbon loss caused by warming. Therefore, long-term cereal–legume intercropping can act as a scalable strategy to facilitate climate–smart agriculture and Sustainable Development Goals.

长期间作是提高生产效益和生态效益的关键策略。然而，其缓解土壤碳-气候反馈的潜力仍不清楚。通过长达十年的实地调查，我们系统地表征了间作和单作系统中土壤有机碳（SOC）持久性、生物有效性、微生物特征和土壤特性。采用平行对照培养实验定量测定有机碳分解的温度敏感性（Q10）。这些生物和非生物因素对辅酶Q10变异的相对贡献最终通过混合效应模型确定。研究发现，与单作相比，谷物-豆科作物间作显著降低Q10，平均降低14.1% - 18.2%，显著提高了农业生态系统的碳恢复能力。这种效应与有机碳（如烷基C和芳烃C）的化学顽固性及其通过矿物结合力的化学保护作用所驱动的有机碳持久性增加密切相关。其中，持续间作显著提高了土壤微生物丰度（12.0 ~ 39.8%）和α-多样性（2.4 ~ 8.9%），提高了关键类群富集介导的网络复杂性。从机制上看，微生物和基质都对提高微生物网络的弹性和碳稳定性，从而减少变暖造成的碳损失有明显的积极作用。因此，长期谷物-豆类间作可以作为一种可扩展的战略，促进气候智能型农业和实现可持续发展目标。

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引用次数: 0

Digging deeper: deep joint species distribution modeling reveals environmental drivers of Earthworm Communities 深入挖掘：深层联合物种分布模型揭示了蚯蚓群落的环境驱动因素

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.110021

Si-moussi Sara , Thuiller Wilfried , Galbrun Esther , Decaëns Thibaud , Gérard Sylvain , Marchán Daniel F. , Marsden Claire , Capowiez Yvan , Hedde Mickaël

Earthworms are key drivers of soil function, influencing organic matter turnover, nutrient cycling, and soil structure. Understanding the environmental controls on their distribution is essential for predicting the impacts of land use and climate change on soil ecosystems. While local studies have identified abiotic drivers of earthworm communities, broad-scale spatial patterns remain underexplored. We developed a multi-species, multi-task deep learning model to jointly predict the distribution of 77 earthworm species across metropolitan France, using historical (1960–1970) and contemporary (1990–2020) records. The model integrates climate, soil, and land cover variables to estimate habitat suitability. We applied SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to identify key environmental drivers and used species clustering to reveal ecological response groups. The joint model achieved high predictive performance (TSS >0.7) and improved predictions for rare species compared to traditional species distribution models. Shared feature extraction across species allowed for more robust identification of common and contrasting environmental responses. Precipitation variability, temperature seasonality, and land cover emerged as dominant predictors of earthworm distribution but differed in ranking across species and functional groups. Species clustering into response groups to climatic, land use and soil revealed distinct ecological strategies including a gradient of sensitivity to precipitation seasonality, differential habitat preferences in terms of vegetation cover and wetness and trade-offs between soil acidity and organic matter quality. Our study advances both the methodological and ecological understanding of soil biodiversity. We demonstrate the utility of interpretable deep learning approaches for large-scale soil fauna modeling and provide new insights into earthworm habitat specialization. These findings highlight land cover and seasonal climate variability as efficient proxies for soil biodiversity, providing actionable indicators for global monitoring initiatives and helping to identify habitat requirements of earthworm species to guide emerging earthworm conservation strategies in the face of global environmental change.

蚯蚓是土壤功能的关键驱动因素，影响有机质周转、养分循环和土壤结构。了解其分布的环境控制因素对于预测土地利用和气候变化对土壤生态系统的影响至关重要。虽然局部研究已经确定了蚯蚓群落的非生物驱动因素，但广泛的空间模式仍未得到充分探索。我们开发了一个多物种、多任务的深度学习模型，利用历史（1960-1970）和当代（1990-2020）的记录，共同预测法国大都市77种蚯蚓的分布。该模型综合了气候、土壤和土地覆盖变量来估计生境适宜性。应用SHapley加性解释（SHAP）识别关键环境驱动因素，并利用物种聚类揭示生态响应群。与传统的物种分布模型相比，联合模型具有较高的预测性能（TSS >0.7），并且改进了对稀有物种的预测。跨物种的共享特征提取允许更可靠地识别共同和对比的环境响应。降水变异性、温度季节性和土地覆盖是蚯蚓分布的主要预测因子，但在不同物种和功能类群之间的排序存在差异。物种对气候、土地利用和土壤的响应集群揭示了不同的生态策略，包括对降水季节性的敏感性梯度、植被覆盖和湿度方面的栖息地偏好差异以及土壤酸度和有机质质量之间的权衡。我们的研究促进了对土壤生物多样性的方法学和生态学认识。我们展示了可解释的深度学习方法在大规模土壤动物建模中的效用，并为蚯蚓栖息地专业化提供了新的见解。这些发现强调了土地覆盖和季节气候变率是土壤生物多样性的有效指标，为全球监测计划提供了可操作的指标，并有助于确定蚯蚓物种的栖息地需求，以指导面对全球环境变化的蚯蚓保护战略。

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引用次数: 0

Increased microbial extracellular polymeric substances as a key factor in deep soil organic carbon accumulation 微生物胞外聚合物质的增加是深层土壤有机碳积累的关键因素

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109998

Mengxi Feng , Ming Zhang , Peng Cai , Yichao Wu , Qingling Fu , Xin Zhang , Fei Miao , Wen Xing , Shuiqing Chen , Ke-Qing Xiao , Yong-Guan Zhu

Microbial-derived carbon plays a crucial role in mitigating climate change by forming stable carbon components through the soil microbial carbon pump. However, related studies have ignored the contribution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) as microbial extracellular metabolites to soil organic carbon (SOC), particularly in deeper soils. This study explored the distribution of EPS in six typical soil profiles (0–120 cm) from two parent materials (limestone and shale) and three land use types (dryland, woodland, and paddy land). The contribution of microbial biomass carbon (MBC) to SOC was significantly higher than that of EPS-carbon (EPS-C) in surface soils (0–40 cm), while EPS-C constituted a larger proportion in deeper soils (80–120 cm). The EPS accumulation efficiency (EPS-protein/MBC and EPS-polysaccharide/MBC) gradually increased with soil depth. This accumulation was strongly correlated with the abundance of g_Zixibacteria, g_Zavarzinella, g_Xylohypha, g_Xanthothecium, and g_Xanthagaricus. Data analysis revealed that β-glucosidase (BG) activity and total nitrogen (TN) content had significant negative effects on the EPS/SOC ratio. Additionally, extracellular enzyme analyses confirmed that low nitrogen availability in deeper soils enhanced the EPS accumulation efficiency, thereby increasing the EPS-C/SOC ratio along the soil profile. Overall, this study provides new insights into the composition of deep soil carbon pools and highlights the important role of EPS in deep soil carbon storage.

微生物源碳通过土壤微生物碳泵形成稳定的碳组分，在减缓气候变化中起着至关重要的作用。然而，相关研究忽略了胞外聚合物（EPS）作为微生物胞外代谢物对土壤有机碳（SOC）的贡献，特别是在深层土壤中。研究了2种母质（石灰岩和页岩）和3种土地利用类型（旱地、林地和水田）6种典型土壤剖面（0 ~ 120 cm）中EPS的分布。表层土壤（0 ~ 40 cm）微生物生物量碳（MBC）对土壤有机碳的贡献显著高于eps -碳（EPS-C），而深层土壤（80 ~ 120 cm）中EPS-C所占比例更大。EPS积累效率（EPS蛋白/MBC和EPS多糖/MBC）随土壤深度的增加而逐渐增加。这种积累与g_Zixibacteria、g_Zavarzinella、g_Xylohypha、g_Xanthothecium和g_Xanthagaricus的丰度密切相关。数据分析表明，β-葡萄糖苷酶（BG）活性和总氮（TN）含量对EPS/SOC有显著的负向影响。此外，胞外酶分析证实，深层土壤低氮有效性提高了EPS积累效率，从而提高了土壤剖面上EPS- c /SOC比。总体而言，本研究提供了对深层土壤碳库组成的新认识，并突出了EPS在深层土壤碳储量中的重要作用。

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