Soil Biology & Biochemistry最新文献

Soil microbial metabolic strategies and the imbalance between available phosphorus and nitrogen controls the root exudate-induced priming effect by grassland tumbleweed (Cleistogenes squarrosa and Saposhnikovia divaricata) root exudates 土壤微生物代谢策略和速效磷氮失衡控制着草地风滚草根系分泌物诱导启动效应

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2026.110116

Guisen Yang , Jirui Gong , Shangpeng Zhang , Ruijing Wang , Tong Wang , Yaohong Yu , Qin Xie , Zihe Zhang

Root exudate-induced priming effect (PE) is a key process that regulates soil organic carbon (SOC) turnover. Our comprehensive study provides mechanistic insights into how soil microbial community structure and its metabolic characteristics for carbon and nutrients of carbon and nutrients regulate PE induced by root exudates from grassland tumbleweeds. We investigated these processes through controlled incubation experiments with soils from four grazing intensities (grazing exclusion vs. light, moderate, and heavy grazing) and exudates obtained from two tumbleweeds (Cleistogenes squarrosa and Saposhnikovia divaricata) and the dominant perennial Leymus chinensis. The tumbleweed exudates consistently produced PE that averaged 45.9% lower per unit exudate carbon than with L. chinensis across grazing intensities, primarily due to their substantially higher organic acid content (particularly fumaric and oxalic acids), which suppressed Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria biomass, thereby alleviating the soil available phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) radio imbalance. PE had pronounced temporal dynamics, transitioning from an initial phase (day 3) characterized by high microbial metabolism and minimal PE, through an intermediate stage (day 10) of positive PE, to a final phase (day 21) of strongly positive PE as labile carbon substrates were depleted and microbial communities progressively shifted from bacterial-dominated to fungal-dominated, thereby intensifying nutrient mining for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). The available P: N imbalance consistently increased PE throughout the incubation period, with progressively strengthening effects over time, ultimately emerging as the primary regulator of SOC mineralization. These findings establish that tumbleweeds create distinctive “low-PE patches” through exudate-mediated microbial community restructuring and stoichiometric balance regulation, thereby offering a promising nature-based solution for increasing soil carbon sequestration and facilitating ecological restoration in degraded grassland ecosystems.

根系分泌物诱导引发效应（PE）是调控土壤有机碳（SOC）循环的关键过程。我们的综合研究提供了土壤微生物群落结构及其对碳和营养物质的代谢特征如何调节草地风滚草根分泌物诱导的PE的机制。研究人员利用四种放牧强度（不放牧与轻度、中度和重度放牧）的土壤和两种风滚草（Cleistogenes squarrosa和Saposhnikovia divaricata）和优势多年生羊草（Leymus chinensis）的分泌物进行对照培养实验，研究了这些过程。在不同的放牧强度下，风滚草分泌物产生的PE平均比羊草低45.9%，这主要是由于风滚草的有机酸含量（特别是富马酸和草酸）显著提高，从而抑制了革兰氏阴性和革兰氏阳性细菌的生物量，从而缓解了土壤有效磷(P)和氮(N)的放射性失衡。PE具有明显的时间动态，从初始阶段（第3天）的高微生物代谢和最小PE，到中间阶段（第10天）的正PE，到最后阶段（第21天）的强正PE，因为活性碳底物被耗尽，微生物群落逐渐从细菌为主转向真菌为主，从而加强了对氮(N)和磷(P)的养分挖掘。有效磷氮失衡在整个孵化期内持续增加PE，并随着时间的推移逐渐增强，最终成为有机碳矿化的主要调节因子。这些发现表明，风滚草通过分泌物介导的微生物群落重组和化学计量平衡调节，形成了独特的“低pe斑块”，从而为增加土壤固碳和促进退化草地生态系统的生态恢复提供了一种有希望的基于自然的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Warming increases viral diversity and the relative abundance of virulent viruses in deep soils 变暖增加了深层土壤中病毒的多样性和毒性病毒的相对丰度

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2026.110128

Yiqing Lv , Xiaomin Fan , Xiangyu Fan , Wenkuan Qin , Xudong Wang , Xin Sun , Biao Zhu , Linwei Wu

Viruses are diverse and functionally significant members of the soil community, but how they respond to climate warming remains underexplored, especially in deeper soil layers. Here, we utilized a whole-soil-profile warming experiment (∼4 °C above ambient across the top 1 m of soil) in an alpine grassland to investigate how warming influences soil viral diversity and potential activity across different soil depths. Through the integration of short- and long-read metagenomics with viromics, we discovered numerous novel viruses. Additionally, our findings revealed that after 5 years of warming, viral diversity decreased in surface soils but increased in deeper soils, mirroring but accentuating changes in host diversity. Warming increased the relative abundance of virulent viruses, possibly due to the alleviation of nutrient limitations. This study revealed the depth-dependent responses of soil viruses to climate warming, suggesting that deeper soils may become hotspots for viral diversity and activity under warming scenarios.

病毒是土壤群落中多种多样且功能重要的成员，但它们如何应对气候变暖仍未得到充分研究，特别是在较深的土层中。在这里，我们利用高寒草地的全土壤剖面变暖实验（土壤顶部1 m高于环境温度~ 4 °C）来研究变暖如何影响不同土壤深度的土壤病毒多样性和潜在活性。通过整合短、长读元基因组学和病毒组学，我们发现了许多新的病毒。此外，我们的研究结果表明，经过5年的变暖，表层土壤的病毒多样性下降，而深层土壤的病毒多样性增加，反映但加剧了宿主多样性的变化。变暖增加了毒性病毒的相对丰度，这可能是由于营养限制的减轻。该研究揭示了土壤病毒对气候变暖的深度依赖性响应，表明在变暖情景下，深层土壤可能成为病毒多样性和活动的热点。

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引用次数: 0

Diversity and activity of group 5/1h high-affinity H2 oxidizing bacteria is non-responsive to pH 5/1h组高亲和H2氧化菌的多样性和活性对pH无响应

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2026.110111

Lijun Hou , Philippe Constant , Joann K. Whalen

Biological high-affinity H₂ uptake in soil is the largest global sink for atmospheric H₂. Soil pH often influences soil biological activity but the impact of pH on high-affinity H₂ oxidizing bacteria (HOB) was not confirmed. We compared the activity and diversity of group 5/1h HOB in agricultural and forest soils across a gradient from pH 4 to pH 8. The potential H₂ uptake activity was approximately 2 times higher in agricultural soil than in forest soil across the pH gradient. Both H₂ oxidizing activity and HOB community structure were non-responsive to pH adjustment in these soils, and no pH optima was observed. Greater H₂ oxidizing activity was associated with higher iron content and lower carbon and nitrogen concentrations in soil. Catabolic repression of HOB was likely triggered when more organic carbon was present, due to the mixotrophic metabolism in the HOB community. A few hhyL genotypes (5%) responded to pH manipulation, but preference for acidic or alkaline pH was not consistent at the HOB taxonomic level. We conclude that pH preference is not an ecological trait that predicts group 5/1h HOB distribution in soil.

土壤生物高亲和H2吸收是全球最大的大气H2汇。土壤pH经常影响土壤生物活性，但pH对高亲和H2氧化菌（HOB）的影响尚未得到证实。我们比较了在pH 4 ~ pH 8梯度下农业和森林土壤中5/1h群HOB的活性和多样性。在不同的pH梯度下，农业土壤的潜在H2吸收活性大约是森林土壤的2倍。H2氧化活性和HOB群落结构均不受pH调节的影响，不存在最优pH值。土壤H2氧化活性越强，铁含量越高，碳氮浓度越低。由于HOB群落的混合营养代谢，当存在更多有机碳时，可能会触发HOB的分解代谢抑制。少数hhyL基因型（5%）对pH操纵有反应，但在HOB分类水平上对酸性或碱性pH的偏好并不一致。因此，pH偏好并不是预测5/1h HOB在土壤中分布的生态性状。

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引用次数: 0

Integrating ecomorphological groups into compound-specific isotope analysis of amino acids refines trophic niches of forest soil macrofauna 将生态形态学类群整合到氨基酸的化合物特异性同位素分析中，可以改善森林土壤大型动物的营养生态位

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2026.110126

André Junggebauer , Ronja Wenglein , Stefan Scheu , Melanie M. Pollierer

Soil macrofauna detritivores and predators play central roles in decomposition, nutrient cycling and predator – prey interactions, but resolving their trophic positions (TPs) and basal resource use in different forest types has long been challenging due to methodological constraints. Compound-specific isotope analysis of amino acids (CSIA-AA) overcomes these challenges by quantifying the contributions of bacteria, fungi and plants to consumer diets, and by providing baseline-independent trophic position estimates. However, most recent CSIA-AA studies of soil animals analyzed trophic niches only at high-rank taxonomic levels, which may obscure trophic variations among species that differ in morphology and microhabitat use. Here, we collected 19 species from near-natural beech forests and spruce monocultures in Germany, representing major high-rank taxonomic groups of detritivores (Lumbricidae, Diplopoda, Isopoda) and predators (Chilopoda). Using CSIA-AA we quantified TPs and basal resource contributions from bacteria, fungi and plants, and compared patterns across high-rank taxonomic groups, ecomorphological groups (high-rank taxonomic groups subdivided by body size, body shape and vertical distribution in soil) and species. Ecomorphological groups included Epigeic, Endogeic and Anecic Lumbricidae, Slender and Globular Diplopoda, Small and Large Isopoda, and Litter and Soil Predators in Chilopoda. TPs and basal resource use varied little between forests but differed strongly among ecomorphological groups. In Lumbricidae, TPs increased from Anecic (1.7) to Epigeic (2.1) to Endogeic (2.5), accompanied by shifts in bacterial and plant contributions. Slender Diplopods occupied higher TPs than Globular Diplopods (2.8 vs. 2.5), while Small Isopods reached TPs similar to predators (3.5). Among Chilopoda, Litter Predators had higher TPs and incorporated more bacterial resources (41%) than Soil Predators (17%), suggesting differences in prey use between litter and soil. Hierarchical models confirmed that ecomorphological groups explained substantially more variation in trophic positions and resource use than high-rank taxonomic groups, while species identity added little explanatory power, except for Lumbricidae and Chilopoda. Our findings indicate that trophic niches of soil macrofauna are more linked to morphology and microhabitat preferences than to forest type. Therefore, assigning soil macrofauna taxa to ecomorphological groups represents a powerful approach for future CSIA-AA studies that compensates for information loss when analyzing high-rank taxonomic groups rather than species due to biomass restrictions.

土壤大型动物腐食动物和捕食动物在分解、养分循环和捕食者-猎物相互作用中发挥着核心作用，但由于方法上的限制，解决它们在不同森林类型中的营养位置和基础资源利用一直具有挑战性。氨基酸化合物特异性同位素分析（CSIA-AA）通过量化细菌、真菌和植物对消费者饮食的贡献，并通过提供不依赖基线的营养位置估计来解释中间微生物营养水平，克服了这些挑战。然而，最近CSIA-AA对土壤动物的研究仅在高阶分类水平上分析了营养生态位。这种方法揭示了强大的一般模式，但可能模糊了这些群体中不同形态和微生境利用的物种之间的营养变化。本文从德国近自然的山毛榉林和云杉单一林地中采集了20个物种，代表了主要的高阶食腐动物类群（蚓目、双足目、等足目）和捕食者类群（奇足目）。利用CSIA-AA对细菌、真菌和植物的营养地位和基础资源贡献进行了量化，并比较了高阶分类类群、生态形态类群（按体型、体型和土壤垂直分布细分的高阶分类类群）和物种之间的格局。生态形态学类群包括附生类、内生类和隐生类蚓类、细长类和球状双足类、小等足类和大等足类、残叶类和土壤捕食类。腐食动物从真菌中获得了大部分必需氨基酸，而Chilopoda则从细菌、真菌和植物中获得了类似的氨基酸。TPs和基础资源在不同森林间差异不大，但在不同生态形态组间差异较大。在蚓科中，TPs从Anecic（1.7）增加到Epigeic（2.1）到Endogeic(2.5)，伴随着细菌和植物贡献的变化。细长的二足类动物的TPs高于球状二足类动物（2.8比2.5），而小的等足类动物的TPs与捕食者相似（3.5）。在奇足类动物中，凋落物捕食者（41%）比土壤捕食者（17%）具有更高的TPs和更多的细菌资源，这表明凋落物和土壤对猎物的利用存在差异。层次模型证实，生态形态类群比高阶分类类群更能解释营养位置和资源利用的变化，而物种身份的解释能力较弱，除了蚓科和奇足科。研究结果表明，土壤大型动物的营养生态位与形态和微生境偏好的关系大于与森林类型的关系。将土壤大型动物类群划分为生态形态类群捕捉了营养生态位的主要变化，从而为未来的CSIA-AA研究提供了一种强有力的方法，可以弥补由于生物量限制而在分析高阶分类类群而不是物种时的信息损失。

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引用次数: 0

Distinct successional strategies and assembly dynamics of soil microbial community utilizing carbon derived from plant shoot versus root residues 土壤微生物群落利用植物茎部和根残碳的不同演替策略和组合动态

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2026.110122

Peng He , Jianing Wang , Xuewei Wang , Tengfei Ma , Ning Ling

Soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics is strongly influenced by plant residue inputs, yet the microbial mechanisms—particularly the identity, activity, and temporal dynamics of microbial communities assimilating shoot-versus root-derived carbon (C)—remain poorly understood. This study employed DNA-based stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) combined with amplicon sequencing to trace the incorporation of ¹³C-labeled shoot and root residues from alfalfa into soil microbial communities across a time series of 1, 7, 14, 30, and 48 days. We identified distinct bacterial and fungal taxa actively involved in residue decomposition and classified their temporal response strategies as rapid, intermediate, or delayed based on peak activity. Shoot and root residues differed in elemental stoichiometry, which contributed to divergent bacterial and fungal responses during residue-derived C assimilation. Fungal community composition was more strongly influenced by residue type than bacterial communities. Bacterial assembly was predominantly stochastic, with rapid responders (e.g., Lysobacter and Streptomyces), exhibiting conserved functional potentials in nitrogen (N) assimilation and phosphorus (P) cycling, dominating both residue types. In contrast, fungal communities were governed primarily by deterministic processes and exhibited distinct residue-specific metabolic strategies: shoot C assimilation was driven by rapid, often pathogenic taxa (e.g., Fusarium), whereas root C assimilation favored intermediate and delayed saprotrophic and symbiotic fungi (e.g., Orbilia and Cochlonema). These findings suggest that shoot and root residue quality (e.g., elemental stoichiometry) selects for distinct successional strategies and functional traits in microbial decomposers, offering a mechanistic basis for predicting residue-specific contributions to soil C and nutrient cycling.

土壤有机碳（SOC）动态受到植物残渣输入的强烈影响，但微生物机制，特别是微生物群落吸收枝源碳(C)与吸收根源碳(C)的特性、活性和时间动态，仍然知之甚少。本研究采用基于dna的稳定同位素探测（DNA-SIP）结合扩增子测序技术，在1、7、14、30和48天的时间序列中追踪13c标记的苜蓿茎和根残留物进入土壤微生物群落的情况。我们确定了不同的细菌和真菌分类群积极参与残基分解，并根据峰值活性将其时间响应策略分为快速，中间或延迟。茎和根残体在元素化学计量上存在差异，这导致了残体衍生C同化过程中细菌和真菌的反应存在差异。真菌群落组成受残留物类型的影响大于细菌群落。细菌聚集主要是随机的，具有快速反应（如溶菌和链霉菌），在氮(N)同化和磷(P)循环中表现出保守的功能潜力，在这两种残留物类型中都占主导地位。相比之下，真菌群落主要受确定性过程控制，并表现出不同的残基特异性代谢策略：茎部C的同化是由快速的、通常致病的分类群（如镰刀菌）驱动的，而根C的同化则有利于中间和延迟腐殖和共生真菌（如Orbilia和Cochlonema）。这些发现表明，茎部和根部残渣质量（如元素化学计量）在微生物分解者中选择了不同的演替策略和功能性状，为预测残渣对土壤C和养分循环的特异性贡献提供了机制基础。

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引用次数: 0

Plant species specific effects of root exudates on the formation and destabilization of soil organic matter 植物根系分泌物对土壤有机质形成和失稳的影响

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2026.110125

Fangbin Hou, Leonardo Hinojosa, Boris Jansen, Elly Morriën, Franciska T. de Vries

Root exudates are labile organic carbon (C) compounds released by plants into soil that can stimulate both the decomposition and formation of soil organic matter (SOM) through enhancing microbial activity. Drought alters root exudation, potentially shifting the balance between the loss and formation of SOM fractions of particulate organic matter (POM), which often turns over faster in soil, and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM), with a comparatively slower turnover. Here, we tested how root exudates from three grassland species, Lolium perenne, Ranunculus acris, and Trifolium pratense, grown under drought and well-watered conditions, affect soil microbial activity, community composition, and SOM distribution over POM and MAOM. We collected and repeatedly applied exudates to unconditioned soils over five months. We found that root exudates from R. acris and T. pratense promoted the decomposition of POM and concomitantly increased MAOM formation. Root exudates from drought-stressed R. acris and T. pratense did not affect POM and MAOM pools but enhanced microbial respiration, potentially through increased microbial nitrogen (N) limitation, as evidenced by an increased C/N ratio in POM, or through reduced microbial C use efficiency. These findings advance our understanding of the dual role of root exudates in the loss and formation of SOM pools and the potential effect of drought on these processes.

根系分泌物是植物释放到土壤中的有机碳(C)化合物，通过增强微生物活性刺激土壤有机质（SOM）的分解和形成。干旱改变了根系分泌物，潜在地改变了颗粒有机质（POM）和矿物相关有机质（MAOM）之间的平衡。颗粒有机质（POM）在土壤中通常周转更快，而矿物相关有机质（MAOM）的周转相对较慢。本研究以干旱和丰水条件下生长的三种草地植物——黑麦草（Lolium perenne）、毛茛（Ranunculus acris）和三叶草（Trifolium pratense）为研究对象，研究了根系分泌物对土壤微生物活性、群落组成和土壤有机质分布的影响。我们收集并在五个月的时间里反复将渗出物施用于无条件的土壤上。研究发现，毛蕊草和毛蕊草根系分泌物促进了POM的分解，同时增加了MAOM的形成。干旱胁迫下的白藜芦醇根分泌物不影响POM和MAOM库，但增强了微生物呼吸，可能是通过增加微生物氮(N)限制（如POM中C/N比的增加）或通过降低微生物C利用效率来证明的。这些发现促进了我们对根系分泌物在SOM库的损失和形成中的双重作用以及干旱对这些过程的潜在影响的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Glucose input limits microbial-mediated sulfur release from soil minerals 葡萄糖输入限制土壤矿物质中微生物介导的硫释放

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2026.110109

Min Zhang , Zhuzhong Yin , Yu Liu , Yanyu Liu , Zhenghua Liu , Zhaoyue Yang , Zhengqi Xu , Ibrahim Ahmed Ibrahim , Fenliang Fan , Ye Deng , Xueduan Liu , Chengying Jiang , Huaqun Yin , Delong Meng

Sulfur-bearing minerals are key reservoirs in the global sulfur cycle, and microorganisms mediate sulfur release from these minerals. Labile carbon inputs may modify microbial sulfur metabolism, but their net effects on sulfide mineral oxidation remain unclear. Here, we conducted a 56-day soil incubation with glucose input and combined geochemical measurements, mineralogical characterization, qPCR, metagenomics, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and DNA-stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) to identify glucose-assimilating microorganisms and their roles in regulating sulfide mineral oxidation. Glucose significantly suppressed sulfide mineral oxidation, resulting in 60.00% lower sulfate (SO₄²⁻) and a 33.23% higher pH than the control by day 56. Glucose also reshaped microbial community and functions potentials. Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) decreased, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) increased, and genes annotated in sulfur oxidation (soxB, soxX, soxY, soxZ) were depleted before day 42. This inhibition was reversed after glucose depletion, with sulfur oxidation genes becoming enriched. DNA-SIP using ¹³C-glucose linked Frateuria and Dyella to glucose assimilation and to the inhibitory phase of sulfur release. Glucose-amended microcosms maintained a lower redox potential and showed a delayed rise relative to the control, consistent with oxygen competition that may constrain sulfur oxidizers such as Bradyrhizobium. Notably, Dyella harbored a complete assimilatory sulfate reduction pathway, driven by ATP and NADPH produced through the central carbon metabolism (CCM). This metabolic coupling reduced oxygen availability for terminal sulfur oxidation, suggesting a dual mechanism of sulfur release suppression via both assimilatory reduction and respiratory competition. Our findings highlight a previously underappreciated link between labile carbon metabolism and sulfur cycling in soil. This mechanism offers insights into microbial controls over sulfur fluxes and presents implications for managing soil acidification and sulfur-driven water pollution in mineral-rich environments.

含硫矿物是全球硫循环的关键储集层，微生物介导了这些矿物中硫的释放。不稳定碳输入可能改变微生物硫代谢，但其对硫化物矿物氧化的净效应尚不清楚。在这里，我们进行了为期56天的葡萄糖输入土壤培养，并结合地球化学测量、矿物学表征、qPCR、宏基因组学、16S rRNA扩增子测序和dna稳定同位素探测（DNA-SIP）来鉴定葡萄糖同化微生物及其在调节硫化物矿物氧化中的作用。葡萄糖显著抑制了硫化物矿物的氧化，使第56天的硫酸盐（SO42-）比对照降低了60.00%，pH比对照提高了33.23%。葡萄糖也重塑了微生物群落和功能电位。硫氧化细菌（SOB）数量减少，硫酸盐还原细菌（SRB）数量增加，与硫氧化有关的基因（soxB、soxX、soxY、soxZ）在第42天前被耗尽。这种抑制在葡萄糖消耗后被逆转，硫氧化基因变得丰富。DNA-SIP利用13c -葡萄糖将兄弟姐妹菌和痢疾菌连接到葡萄糖同化和硫释放抑制阶段。葡萄糖修饰的微生物保持较低的氧化还原电位，并表现出相对于对照的延迟上升，这与氧气竞争可能抑制硫氧化剂（如慢生根瘤菌）一致。值得注意的是，Dyella拥有一个完整的同化硫酸盐还原途径，由ATP和NADPH驱动，通过中心碳代谢（CCM）产生。这种代谢偶联降低了末端硫氧化的氧利用率，表明硫释放抑制的双重机制通过同化还原和呼吸竞争来实现。我们的研究结果强调了土壤中不稳定的碳代谢和硫循环之间以前未被重视的联系。这一机制为微生物对硫通量的控制提供了见解，并为在富含矿物质的环境中管理土壤酸化和硫驱动的水污染提供了启示。

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引用次数: 0

Subsoil rhizosphere carbon enrichment and depletion: processes and scaling in tree-based systems 地下根际碳富集和消耗：树木系统的过程和结垢

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2026.110103

Gabin Piton , Elisa Taschen , Clara Ducrocq , Soline Martin-Blangy , Laurie Amenc , Pauline Castel , Damien Dezette , Rémi Dugué , Marion Forest , Philippe Hinsinger , Benoit Marie , Aline Personne , Manoël Seignon , Jerôme Ngao , Christophe Jourdan , Isabelle Bertrand

Tree roots have the potential to release carbon into deep soil layers, where this carbon is generally considered to exhibit greater stability. However, field studies that investigate the drivers of the soil organic carbon (SOC) balance in the rhizosphere of trees across soil depths and that upscale this balance to the whole soil profile are lacking. This study presents an innovative approach integrating normalized rhizosphere sampling and root density mapping to a depth of 1.5 m under trees from Mediterranean agroforestry and a tree plantation. The estimated SOC balance in the rhizosphere of the Robinia pseudoacacia trees varied from −38 kg C ha⁻¹ to +53 kg C ha⁻¹ at the different soil horizons, with a neutral balance at 0–0.3 m, a negative balance at 0.3–0.5 m and a positive balance at 0.5–1.0 m and 1.0–1.5 m of soil depth. When scaled up to the whole profile, the value was +50.6 kg C ha⁻¹ for the tree plantation and +72.4 kg C ha⁻¹ for the tree row for the agroforestry system, with no significant difference between these two estimates. The balance between hydrolytic and oxidative enzyme activities and between fungal guilds indicated increasing nutritional constraints for microbial saprotrophs at depth. In the subsoil, these nutritional constraints were locally attenuated in the rhizosphere, inducing a substantial increase in microbial abundance and triggering a pronounced shift from oligotrophic to copiotrophic communities, which in turn supported SOC enrichment. In the topsoil, the lower chemical complexity of substrates available to microorganisms increases susceptibility to saprotrophic activity, which likely underlies the observed neutral or negative SOC balances in the rhizosphere. This field study presents a scalable approach for quantifying the rhizosphere SOC balance in deep soil horizons and disentangling its biogeochemical drivers.

树根有可能将碳释放到深层土壤中，这些碳通常被认为在那里表现出更大的稳定性。然而，研究树木根际土壤有机碳平衡的驱动因素并将其提升到整个土壤剖面的实地研究缺乏。本研究提出了一种整合标准化根际采样和根密度测绘至1.5 m深度的地中海农林业和人工林树下的原始方法。不同土层刺槐根际有机碳平衡在-38 ~ +53 kg C ha-1之间变化，0 ~ 0.3 m处为中性平衡，0.3 ~ 0.5 m处为负平衡，0.5 ~ 1.0 m和1.0 ~ 1.5 m处为正平衡。当放大到整个剖面时，人工林的值为+50.6 kg C ha-1，农林复合系统的树行值为+72.4 kg C ha-1，两者之间没有显著差异。水解酶和氧化酶活性之间的平衡以及真菌行会之间的平衡表明，深层腐生微生物的营养限制在增加。在地下土壤中，这些营养限制在根际被局部减弱，导致微生物丰度大幅增加，并引发从贫营养群落向富营养群落的明显转变，从而支持有机碳的富集。在表层土壤中，微生物可利用的基质的化学复杂性较低，增加了对腐坏活性的敏感性，这可能是根际观察到的中性或负SOC平衡的基础。本研究提出了一种量化深层土壤根际有机碳平衡并解开其生物地球化学驱动因素的可扩展方法。

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引用次数: 0

Stand age and fire return interval shape soil microbial communities in young, postfire lodgepole pine stands 林龄和还火间隔对幼龄、火后黑松林分土壤微生物群落的影响

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2026.110102

Arielle C. Link , Thea Whitman , Monica G. Turner

As wildfire activity increases globally, understanding how soil microbial communities vary in young postfire forests and the effect of short fire-return intervals on these communities becomes increasingly important for anticipating postfire ecosystem function. We asked how soil bacterial and fungal communities varied during early postfire stand development in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) forests, and whether a short-interval (16 yr) reburn altered those trajectories. We sampled soils in 6-, 22-, and 34-year-old stands in Grand Teton National Park (Wyoming, USA) and used high-throughput sequencing to assess community composition, environmental drivers, and fire responsive taxa. Bacterial and fungal community composition shifted with stand age under typical fire return intervals. For fungi, Ascomycetes declined in relative abundance with stand age whereas Basidiomycetes increased, consistent with the expected increase in ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with lodgepole pine. Litter mass and soil nutrient properties explained 28.6 % and 23.9 % of variance in bacterial and fungal community composition, respectively. Following the short-interval stand-replacing fire, bacterial communities in 6-year-old stands closely resembled nearby stands (22-year-old) that did not reburn, whereas fungal communities more closely resembled nearby 6-year-old stands that burned in the historical long (>100 yr) fire-return interval. These results suggest that microbial recovery during early stand development in postfire forests is shaped by changes in resource availability, and that short fire-return intervals may have greater effects on fungi than on bacteria.

随着野火活动在全球范围内的增加，了解火灾后幼林土壤微生物群落的变化以及较短的火灾返回间隔对这些群落的影响对于预测火灾后生态系统功能变得越来越重要。我们询问了在火种后早期黑松（Pinus contorta var. latifolia）森林中土壤细菌和真菌群落是如何变化的，以及短间隔（16年）的再燃烧是否改变了这些轨迹。我们对美国怀俄明州大提顿国家公园6年、22年和34年树龄林分的土壤进行了采样，并利用高通量测序技术评估了群落组成、环境驱动因素和火灾响应分类群。在典型的还火间隔下，细菌和真菌群落组成随林龄的变化而变化。对于真菌而言，子囊菌的相对丰度随着林龄的增加而下降，而担子菌的相对丰度则增加，这与预期的与黑松相关的外生菌根真菌的增加一致。凋落物质量和土壤养分特性分别解释了28.6%和23.9%的细菌和真菌群落组成变异。在短间隔林分换火之后，6年树龄林分中的细菌群落与附近未再次燃烧的林分（22年）非常相似，而真菌群落与历史上较长的（100年）回火间隔中燃烧过的6年树龄林分更相似。这些结果表明，在火灾后森林林分发育早期，微生物的恢复受资源可用性变化的影响，并且较短的还火间隔可能对真菌的影响大于对细菌的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Virus-inclusive microbial network relationships align with the stress gradient hypothesis in saline-alkali agroecosystems 盐碱农业生态系统中含病毒微生物网络关系与胁迫梯度假说一致

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2026.110123

Fang Li , Linwei Wu , Changlin Xu , Shuwen Guo , Jinhua Zhao , Yi Wang , Peipei Li , Biao Zhu

Salinization-alkalization is increasing globally, yet its impact on cross-kingdom microbial correlations remains poorly understood. Herein, cross-kingdom correlations among rhizosphere archaea, bacteria, fungi, and viruses in farmland subjected to gradient saline-alkali stress were investigated. By analyzing changes in the structure and network of rhizosphere soil microbiomes in the typical saline-alkali region of Northeast China, we demonstrated that: (1) Rhizospheric archaeal and viral α-diversity increased significantly with saline-alkali stress intensity. Beta-diversity of all four kingdoms (archaea, bacteria, fungi, and viruses) was strongly influenced by both stress intensity and crop genotype, with community divergence primarily shaped by plant sodium concentration. (2) The composition of rhizosphere viral communities varied across crop types and stress levels, with dominant viruses belonging to Cressdnaviricota (infecting eukaryotes), Phixviricota and Uroviricota (both infecting prokaryotes). (3) Under increasing saline-alkali stress, co-occurrence networks exhibited a rise in both overall and cross-kingdom positive correlations, supporting the Stress Gradient Hypothesis (SGH). Notably, significant increases in positive correlations were observed between viruses and fungi, viruses and bacteria. In addition, the proportion of within-kingdom positive correlations declined, suggesting intensified intra-kingdom competition. These findings refine the traditional SGH at the microbial scale by incorporating viral communities, providing critical theoretical guidance for identifying key microbial species in ecological networks. This advances the design of targeted microbial inoculants to enhance saline-alkali soil remediation and broader ecosystem restoration.

盐碱化在全球范围内正在增加，但其对跨界微生物相关性的影响仍然知之甚少。本文研究了梯度盐碱胁迫下农田根际古生菌、细菌、真菌和病毒的跨界相关性。通过分析东北典型盐碱区根际土壤微生物群结构和网络的变化，发现：(1)根际古细菌和病毒α-多样性随着盐碱胁迫强度的增加而显著增加。古生菌、细菌、真菌和病毒4个物种的β多样性均受胁迫强度和作物基因型的强烈影响，群落差异主要受植物钠浓度的影响。(2)不同作物类型和胁迫水平的根际病毒群落组成不同，优势病毒属于Cressdnaviricota（感染真核生物）、Phixviricota和Uroviricota（均感染原核生物）。(3)随着盐碱胁迫的增加，共现网络的整体正相关和跨界正相关均有所增加，支持了应力梯度假说（SGH）。值得注意的是，病毒与真菌、病毒与细菌之间的正相关性显著增加。此外，国内正相关比例下降，表明国内竞争加剧。这些发现通过纳入病毒群落，在微生物尺度上完善了传统的SGH，为识别生态网络中的关键微生物物种提供了重要的理论指导。这为设计针对性的微生物接种剂以加强盐碱地修复和更广泛的生态系统恢复提供了新的思路。

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引用次数: 0