Pub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109732
Haotian Wang, Jingjing Yang, Damien R. Finn, Joachim Brunotte, Christoph C. Tebbe
A sustainable use of croplands should utilize beneficial services provided by their resident soil microbiome. To identify potentially adverse environmental effects on soil microbiomes in the future, a better understanding of their natural variability is fundamental. Here, we characterized the abundance and diversity of soil microbial communities over two years at two-weeks intervals on three neighboring fields at an operational farm in Northern Germany. Field soils differed in texture (clay, loam) and tillage (soil conservation vs. conventional). PCR-amplicon analyses of soil DNA revealed distinct temporal variations of bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protists (Cercozoa and Endomyxa). Annual differences and seasonal effects on all microbial groups were detected. In addition to soil pH, prokaryotic communities varied with total soil C and N, but fungi with temperature and precipitation. The C/N-ratio had contrasting effects on prokaryotic phyla and protistan classes, but all fungal phyla responded positively. Irrespective of the sampling date, prokaryotic and fungal but not protistan community compositions from the three soils were distinct. Compositional turn-over rates were higher for fungi and protists than for prokaryotes and, for all, lower in clay. Conventional tillage had the strongest effect on protist diversity. In co-occurrence networks, most nodes were provided by prokaryotes, but highly connected nodes by predatory protists in the first, and by saprotrophic fungi in the second year. The temporal variation established here can provide insights of what is natural and thus below the limits of concern in detecting adverse effects on the soil microbiome.
{"title":"Distinct seasonal and annual variability of prokaryotes, fungi and protists in cropland soil under different tillage systems and soil texture","authors":"Haotian Wang, Jingjing Yang, Damien R. Finn, Joachim Brunotte, Christoph C. Tebbe","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109732","url":null,"abstract":"A sustainable use of croplands should utilize beneficial services provided by their resident soil microbiome. To identify potentially adverse environmental effects on soil microbiomes in the future, a better understanding of their natural variability is fundamental. Here, we characterized the abundance and diversity of soil microbial communities over two years at two-weeks intervals on three neighboring fields at an operational farm in Northern Germany. Field soils differed in texture (clay, loam) and tillage (soil conservation vs. conventional). PCR-amplicon analyses of soil DNA revealed distinct temporal variations of bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protists (Cercozoa and Endomyxa). Annual differences and seasonal effects on all microbial groups were detected. In addition to soil pH, prokaryotic communities varied with total soil C and N, but fungi with temperature and precipitation. The C/N-ratio had contrasting effects on prokaryotic phyla and protistan classes, but all fungal phyla responded positively. Irrespective of the sampling date, prokaryotic and fungal but not protistan community compositions from the three soils were distinct. Compositional turn-over rates were higher for fungi and protists than for prokaryotes and, for all, lower in clay. Conventional tillage had the strongest effect on protist diversity. In co-occurrence networks, most nodes were provided by prokaryotes, but highly connected nodes by predatory protists in the first, and by saprotrophic fungi in the second year. The temporal variation established here can provide insights of what is natural and thus below the limits of concern in detecting adverse effects on the soil microbiome.","PeriodicalId":21888,"journal":{"name":"Soil Biology & Biochemistry","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109726
R. Kent Connell, Timothy Y. James, Jennifer Blesh
Soil organic matter (SOM) fractions convey unique functions in agroecosystems, but the degree to which cover crops build multiple fractions of SOM and increase soil C storage is understudied. Particulate organic matter (POM) releases nutrients through microbial decomposition, whereas mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) is associated with long-term C storage. We conducted a greenhouse experiment using 13C to trace the transfer of C from four cover crop treatments – cereal rye (Secale cereale), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum), a rye-clover mixture, and a no cover crop fallow – into these two SOM fractions in soils from 10 working farms that varied in texture, management history, and soil microbial communities. On average, MAOM C was 7.4% higher in the mixture treatment than in the fallow; however, this was not a significantly greater increase than in the cereal rye treatment. The amount of C transferred to MAOM and POM increased with cover crop biomass and soil C content, and was also moderated by fungal community composition. When compared to the rye treatment, the mixture provided a threefold greater transfer of C and a 2% greater transfer of nitrogen from POM to the more stable MAOM fraction, which is associated with long-term C sequestration. Overall, our results suggest that cover crop mixtures are a useful management strategy to increase agroecosystem multifunctionality. When grown in soils with high biological activity, mixtures can simultaneously stabilize C in soil while also increasing internal N cycling capacity of agroecosystems.
{"title":"A legume-grass cover crop builds mineral-associated organic matter across variable agricultural soils","authors":"R. Kent Connell, Timothy Y. James, Jennifer Blesh","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109726","url":null,"abstract":"Soil organic matter (SOM) fractions convey unique functions in agroecosystems, but the degree to which cover crops build multiple fractions of SOM and increase soil C storage is understudied. Particulate organic matter (POM) releases nutrients through microbial decomposition, whereas mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) is associated with long-term C storage. We conducted a greenhouse experiment using <sup>13</sup>C to trace the transfer of C from four cover crop treatments – cereal rye (<em>Secale cereale</em>), crimson clover (<em>Trifolium incarnatum</em>), a rye-clover mixture, and a no cover crop fallow – into these two SOM fractions in soils from 10 working farms that varied in texture, management history, and soil microbial communities. On average, MAOM C was 7.4% higher in the mixture treatment than in the fallow; however, this was not a significantly greater increase than in the cereal rye treatment. The amount of C transferred to MAOM and POM increased with cover crop biomass and soil C content, and was also moderated by fungal community composition. When compared to the rye treatment, the mixture provided a threefold greater transfer of C and a 2% greater transfer of nitrogen from POM to the more stable MAOM fraction, which is associated with long-term C sequestration. Overall, our results suggest that cover crop mixtures are a useful management strategy to increase agroecosystem multifunctionality. When grown in soils with high biological activity, mixtures can simultaneously stabilize C in soil while also increasing internal N cycling capacity of agroecosystems.","PeriodicalId":21888,"journal":{"name":"Soil Biology & Biochemistry","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The role of iron minerals in soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization has attracted considerable attention. However, the turnover of Fe-bound organic carbon (Fe–OC) complexes and their impact on SOC mineralization (CO2 and CH4) remain unclear, hindering accurate assessments of their C sequestration potential. To address this gap, we prepared 2- and 6-line ferrihydrite-bound 13C-glucose (2LFh-Glc and 6LFh-Glc, respectively) with five C loading levels, using free 13C-glucose as control. Our aim was to trace and quantify glucose mineralization, SOC priming effects, and net C balance in anaerobic Fe-rich paddy soils. Fh-Glc mineralization and its SOC priming were lower than those of free glucose. Mineralization and SOC priming for 6LFh-Glc were 29% and 67% lower, respectively, compared to 2LFh-Glc. This was attributed to the stronger protective ability of 6LFh, which limits glucose release and microbial activity, thereby inhibiting SOC mineralization. 6LFh-Glc showed 51% higher C sequestration efficiency than 2LFh-Glc (i.e., net SOC balance produced per unit of C loading). Notably, C sequestration efficiency decreased with increasing C loading. In conclusion, both stability and C loading of Fe-OC complexes are key determinants of C sequestration efficiency in Fe-rich paddy soils, highlighting the importance of Fe-organic C associations in soil C sequestration.
{"title":"Stability of iron-carbon complexes determines carbon sequestration efficiency in iron-rich soils","authors":"Xun Duan, Zhe Li, Shuang Wang, Kyle Mason-Jones, Liang Wei, Xiangbi Chen, Jinshui Wu, Tida Ge, Zhenke Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109718","url":null,"abstract":"The role of iron minerals in soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization has attracted considerable attention. However, the turnover of Fe-bound organic carbon (Fe–OC) complexes and their impact on SOC mineralization (CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub>) remain unclear, hindering accurate assessments of their C sequestration potential. To address this gap, we prepared 2- and 6-line ferrihydrite-bound <sup>13</sup>C-glucose (2LFh-Glc and 6LFh-Glc, respectively) with five C loading levels, using free <sup>13</sup>C-glucose as control. Our aim was to trace and quantify glucose mineralization, SOC priming effects, and net C balance in anaerobic Fe-rich paddy soils. Fh-Glc mineralization and its SOC priming were lower than those of free glucose. Mineralization and SOC priming for 6LFh-Glc were 29% and 67% lower, respectively, compared to 2LFh-Glc. This was attributed to the stronger protective ability of 6LFh, which limits glucose release and microbial activity, thereby inhibiting SOC mineralization. 6LFh-Glc showed 51% higher C sequestration efficiency than 2LFh-Glc (i.e., net SOC balance produced per unit of C loading). Notably, C sequestration efficiency decreased with increasing C loading. In conclusion, both stability and C loading of Fe-OC complexes are key determinants of C sequestration efficiency in Fe-rich paddy soils, highlighting the importance of Fe-organic C associations in soil C sequestration.","PeriodicalId":21888,"journal":{"name":"Soil Biology & Biochemistry","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109731
Fangbin Hou, Leonardo Hinojosa, Eileen Enderle, Boris Jansen, Elly Morriën, Franciska T. de Vries
Root exudates play an important role in ecosystem carbon (C) cycling. Drought can alter the quality and quantity of root exudation, but it is not clear how root traits affect these changes, and what the implications are for soil C cycling. Seventeen common grassland species of three functional groups were subjected to a two-week drought followed by one week of recovery, after which root exudates were collected and analysed for their total C content, as well as for the respiration they triggered. Across all species but especially in legumes, drought increased specific root exudate-induced respiration rates. Both specific root exudation rate and specific respiration rate were positively correlated to root diameter and root nitrogen content, implying a link with “outsourcing” and “fast” strategies, and this correlation was strengthened after drought. These findings suggest that increased specific respiration rates as a result of drought-induced changes in root exudation is a plant strategy for coping with drought that may result in a loss of soil C after a drought has ended. These findings may help understand the impacts of drought on the capacity of soils to store C, and offer insight into the role of plants in this process.
{"title":"Root exudates from drought-affected plants increase soil respiration across a range of grassland species","authors":"Fangbin Hou, Leonardo Hinojosa, Eileen Enderle, Boris Jansen, Elly Morriën, Franciska T. de Vries","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109731","url":null,"abstract":"Root exudates play an important role in ecosystem carbon (C) cycling. Drought can alter the quality and quantity of root exudation, but it is not clear how root traits affect these changes, and what the implications are for soil C cycling. Seventeen common grassland species of three functional groups were subjected to a two-week drought followed by one week of recovery, after which root exudates were collected and analysed for their total C content, as well as for the respiration they triggered. Across all species but especially in legumes, drought increased specific root exudate-induced respiration rates. Both specific root exudation rate and specific respiration rate were positively correlated to root diameter and root nitrogen content, implying a link with “outsourcing” and “fast” strategies, and this correlation was strengthened after drought. These findings suggest that increased specific respiration rates as a result of drought-induced changes in root exudation is a plant strategy for coping with drought that may result in a loss of soil C after a drought has ended. These findings may help understand the impacts of drought on the capacity of soils to store C, and offer insight into the role of plants in this process.","PeriodicalId":21888,"journal":{"name":"Soil Biology & Biochemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109729
Nikolaos Kaloterakis, Adriana Giongo, Andrea Braun-Kiewnick, Mehdi Rashtbari, Priscilla Zamberlan, Bahar S. Razavi, Kornelia Smalla, Rüdiger Reichel, Nicolas Brüggemann
Plant-soil feedbacks drive productivity in winter wheat (WW; Triticum aestivum L.) rotations. Although this is a frequent observation, the underlying plant-soil-microbe interactions remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the effects of WW rotational positions on soil bacterial and archaeal communities, as well as nitrogen (N) cycling, as potential drivers of WW yield decline in successively-grown WW. WW following oilseed rape (W1; Brassica napus L.) was compared with WW in self-succession (W2) in a rhizotron study using agricultural soil with a sandy loam texture. Samples were collected at tillering and grain ripening. At tillering, we found a higher NO3- content in W1 soil, especially in the 60-100 cm subsoil layer, associated with the N-rich residues of the preceding oilseed rape crop, while this trend was reversed at grain ripening. Analysis of enzyme kinetics revealed an increase in leucine aminopeptidase activity in W1 and an increase in β-glucosidase activity in W2 at tillering, possibly related to the residue quality of the preceding crop. No differences in bacterial and archaeal alpha diversity were observed at both sampling times, but beta diversity showed a significant role of both rotational position and soil depth in shaping the microbial community. The gene copy numbers of amoA genes of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), nifH and nirS were significantly higher in W2 compared to W1 at tillering, suggesting a strong effect of rotational position on N cycling of the following WW. The abundances of amoA (AOB) and nirS were also higher in W2 at grain ripening. Our results highlight the persistent soil legacy of the preceding crop on both nutrient cycling and bacterial and archaeal community composition, contributing to yield reduction in successively grown WW. Understanding plant-microbe interactions and keeping them at the center of productive WW rotations is, and will continue to be, critical to future agriculture.
{"title":"Rotational diversity shapes the bacterial and archaeal communities and confers positive plant-soil feedback in winter wheat rotations","authors":"Nikolaos Kaloterakis, Adriana Giongo, Andrea Braun-Kiewnick, Mehdi Rashtbari, Priscilla Zamberlan, Bahar S. Razavi, Kornelia Smalla, Rüdiger Reichel, Nicolas Brüggemann","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109729","url":null,"abstract":"Plant-soil feedbacks drive productivity in winter wheat (WW; <em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.) rotations. Although this is a frequent observation, the underlying plant-soil-microbe interactions remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the effects of WW rotational positions on soil bacterial and archaeal communities, as well as nitrogen (N) cycling, as potential drivers of WW yield decline in successively-grown WW. WW following oilseed rape (W1; <em>Brassica napus</em> L.) was compared with WW in self-succession (W2) in a rhizotron study using agricultural soil with a sandy loam texture. Samples were collected at tillering and grain ripening. At tillering, we found a higher NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> content in W1 soil, especially in the 60-100 cm subsoil layer, associated with the N-rich residues of the preceding oilseed rape crop, while this trend was reversed at grain ripening. Analysis of enzyme kinetics revealed an increase in leucine aminopeptidase activity in W1 and an increase in β-glucosidase activity in W2 at tillering, possibly related to the residue quality of the preceding crop. No differences in bacterial and archaeal alpha diversity were observed at both sampling times, but beta diversity showed a significant role of both rotational position and soil depth in shaping the microbial community. The gene copy numbers of <em>amoA</em> genes of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), <em>nifH</em> and <em>nirS</em> were significantly higher in W2 compared to W1 at tillering, suggesting a strong effect of rotational position on N cycling of the following WW. The abundances of <em>amoA</em> (AOB) and <em>nirS</em> were also higher in W2 at grain ripening<em>.</em> Our results highlight the persistent soil legacy of the preceding crop on both nutrient cycling and bacterial and archaeal community composition, contributing to yield reduction in successively grown WW. Understanding plant-microbe interactions and keeping them at the center of productive WW rotations is, and will continue to be, critical to future agriculture.","PeriodicalId":21888,"journal":{"name":"Soil Biology & Biochemistry","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109713
José Schreckinger, Michael Mutz, Mark O. Gessner, Linda Gerull, Aline Frossard
Knowledge on microbial community shifts during ecosystem succession from bare surfaces resulting from massive landscape stripping is extremely limited. Here we took advantage of an artificially created experimental catchment (6 ha) to assess structural and functional changes of microbial communities in ephemeral stream sediments and adjacent soils between 3 and 13 years after catchment construction. The catchment has since developed in undisturbed conditions, with major transformations in its morphology, hydrology and vegetation reflected by changes in microbial community structure and function. Initially dominated by cyanobacteria (42% of 16S rRNA reads in 2008 and 0.3% in 2018), the bacterial community shifted to an essentially heterotrophic composition within 10 years, when Alphaproteobacteria (12 vs 21%) and Planctomycetes (3 vs 16%), in particular, gained in importance. Similarly, Sordariomycetes (5% of ITS reads in 2008 and 27% in 2018) replaced Dothideomycetes (53 vs 14%) as the prevailing fungal class. Microbial respiration rates increased tenfold, from an average of 0.5 to 4.4 μg CO2 g-1 DM h-1, accompanied by an increase in potential enzyme activities. Seasonal patterns of microbial community functions were accentuated over a decade of catchment development, whereas structural community changes were less pronounced. Spatial variation of community composition also increased, with differences between soils and sediments intensifying over time. However, a striking disconnect between microbial community structure and function in 2008 had vanished by 2018. Thus, a decade of ecosystem succession resulted in fundamental shifts in microbial community structure and function, highlighting the intricate interplay between changing environmental conditions and microbial responses.
在生态系统演替过程中，由于大规模的景观剥离而导致裸露表面的微生物群落变化的知识非常有限。在这里，我们利用人工创建的实验集水区（6公顷）来评估集水区建设后3至13年间短暂的河流沉积物和邻近土壤中微生物群落的结构和功能变化。此后，该流域在未受干扰的条件下发展，其形态、水文和植被发生了重大变化，反映在微生物群落结构和功能的变化上。最初由蓝藻菌（2008年占16S rRNA读取量的42%，2018年占0.3%）主导，细菌群落在10年内转变为本质上的异养组成，特别是Alphaproteobacteria（12对21%）和Planctomycetes（3对16%）变得尤为重要。同样，Sordariomycetes（2008年占ITS读数的5%，2018年占27%）取代Dothideomycetes（53%对14%）成为主要的真菌类别。微生物呼吸速率增加了10倍，从平均0.5到4.4 μg CO2 g-1 DM h-1，伴随着潜在酶活性的增加。随着流域的发展，微生物群落功能的季节变化趋势明显，而群落结构变化不明显。群落组成的空间差异也增加了，土壤和沉积物之间的差异随着时间的推移而加剧。然而，2008年微生物群落结构和功能之间的显著脱节在2018年消失了。因此，十年的生态系统演替导致了微生物群落结构和功能的根本变化，突出了变化的环境条件和微生物响应之间复杂的相互作用。
{"title":"Fundamental shifts in soil and sediment microbial communities and functions during 10 year of early catchment succession","authors":"José Schreckinger, Michael Mutz, Mark O. Gessner, Linda Gerull, Aline Frossard","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109713","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge on microbial community shifts during ecosystem succession from bare surfaces resulting from massive landscape stripping is extremely limited. Here we took advantage of an artificially created experimental catchment (6 ha) to assess structural and functional changes of microbial communities in ephemeral stream sediments and adjacent soils between 3 and 13 years after catchment construction. The catchment has since developed in undisturbed conditions, with major transformations in its morphology, hydrology and vegetation reflected by changes in microbial community structure and function. Initially dominated by cyanobacteria (42% of 16S rRNA reads in 2008 and 0.3% in 2018), the bacterial community shifted to an essentially heterotrophic composition within 10 years, when Alphaproteobacteria (12 vs 21%) and Planctomycetes (3 vs 16%), in particular, gained in importance. Similarly, Sordariomycetes (5% of ITS reads in 2008 and 27% in 2018) replaced Dothideomycetes (53 vs 14%) as the prevailing fungal class. Microbial respiration rates increased tenfold, from an average of 0.5 to 4.4 μg CO<sub>2</sub> g<sup>-1</sup> DM h<sup>-1</sup>, accompanied by an increase in potential enzyme activities. Seasonal patterns of microbial community functions were accentuated over a decade of catchment development, whereas structural community changes were less pronounced. Spatial variation of community composition also increased, with differences between soils and sediments intensifying over time. However, a striking disconnect between microbial community structure and function in 2008 had vanished by 2018. Thus, a decade of ecosystem succession resulted in fundamental shifts in microbial community structure and function, highlighting the intricate interplay between changing environmental conditions and microbial responses.","PeriodicalId":21888,"journal":{"name":"Soil Biology & Biochemistry","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142990658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109716
Bing Zhang, Xin Li, Haozhen Chen, Mingqin Deng, Haijun Xiao, Shikui Dong, Stefan Scheu, Shaopeng Wang
The elemental composition of organisms is crucial to their survival and growth, as well as their ecological functions. Although variations in carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) among species have been well documented, knowledge on whether such variations also exist within species and hold for other elements is limited. Within species, variations in element concentrations may arise from differences in individual traits (e.g., body mass) or heterogeneities under environmental conditions. To explore whether body mass and environment interactively affect intraspecific multi-element composition, we examined the concentrations of 11 elements (C, N, P, S, K, Ca, Na, Mg, Zn, Mn, and Cu) in 114 individuals from three ground beetle species surveyed in four forest types (poplar, oak, larch and oak-larch mixed forest). We investigated among- and within-species variation in each individual element and in the multi-element composition. Our results showed that (i) across all beetle individuals, body mass and species identity explained most of the variation in the concentrations of most elements, whereas forest type only played a minor role; (ii) within all beetle species, the concentration of C increased with body mass, while that of other elements tended to decrease; and (iii) multidimensional stoichiometric analyses also revealed large variations within species, which were again largely explained by variation in body mass and additionally by forest type. By revealing substantial variation in element composition within species and the role of body mass in driving this variation, our study provides empirical evidence for theoretical modeling of stoichiometry and new insights for integrating morphological and stoichiometric traits.
{"title":"Adult body mass influences multi-element stoichiometry in ground beetles","authors":"Bing Zhang, Xin Li, Haozhen Chen, Mingqin Deng, Haijun Xiao, Shikui Dong, Stefan Scheu, Shaopeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109716","url":null,"abstract":"The elemental composition of organisms is crucial to their survival and growth, as well as their ecological functions. Although variations in carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) among species have been well documented, knowledge on whether such variations also exist within species and hold for other elements is limited. Within species, variations in element concentrations may arise from differences in individual traits (e.g., body mass) or heterogeneities under environmental conditions. To explore whether body mass and environment interactively affect intraspecific multi-element composition, we examined the concentrations of 11 elements (C, N, P, S, K, Ca, Na, Mg, Zn, Mn, and Cu) in 114 individuals from three ground beetle species surveyed in four forest types (poplar, oak, larch and oak-larch mixed forest). We investigated among- and within-species variation in each individual element and in the multi-element composition. Our results showed that (i) across all beetle individuals, body mass and species identity explained most of the variation in the concentrations of most elements, whereas forest type only played a minor role; (ii) within all beetle species, the concentration of C increased with body mass, while that of other elements tended to decrease; and (iii) multidimensional stoichiometric analyses also revealed large variations within species, which were again largely explained by variation in body mass and additionally by forest type. By revealing substantial variation in element composition within species and the role of body mass in driving this variation, our study provides empirical evidence for theoretical modeling of stoichiometry and new insights for integrating morphological and stoichiometric traits.","PeriodicalId":21888,"journal":{"name":"Soil Biology & Biochemistry","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142988982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109714
Partho Das, Claire Barker, Yujin Park, François Perreault, Paul Westerhoff, C Ryan Penton
Graphite nano additive (GNA) has shown potential for enhanced soil N retention and plant productivity. To obtain mechanistic understanding on such beneficial effects, lettuce (Lactuca sativa) was grown in a greenhouse with an exposure of GNA at an application range of 0-500 mg/kg soil for seven weeks. Changes in microbial enzyme activities, N cycling gene abundances, and bacterial community composition were investigated as responses to GNA addition. GNA doses ≤ 100 mg/kg soil resulted in elevated soil microbial biomass carbon at week 3 and contributed to enhanced plant yield during the final harvest at week 7. GNA significantly influenced rhizosphere soil enzyme activities, with notable increases observed across all assayed enzymes at week 5, corresponding to the peak in lettuce growth. GNA addition decreased bacterial amoA abundance, which indicated suppressed soil nitrification potentials in both the bulk and rhizosphere soils. This was coupled with an increase in nifH-harboring bacteria in the bulk, but not rhizosphere, soil. Although the gene that encodes for the terminal step in denitrification (nosZ) was not significantly impacted, nirS and nirK abundances indicated a potential for enhanced denitrification in the bulk soil and suppression of denitrification in the rhizosphere soil. 16S rRNA gene-based abundances indicated no significant decreases in the total bacterial community with GNA amendment in both the bulk and rhizosphere soils which indicates that GNA had limited microbiocidal effect on the broad community. However, GNA imposed selection for certain microbial functional clades and taxonomic lineages and demonstrated a significant impact on the overall composition of the microbial community. GNA demonstrated the potential to augment several beneficial bacterial groups while suppressing others. Overall, these data indicate that GNA significantly impacted the bacterial composition, potential N cycling, and enzyme-based activities of the soil community in a fashion that positively impacted the growth of lettuce in our study, principally within the plant rhizosphere.
{"title":"Impact of Graphite Nano Amendments on Soil Enzyme Activities, Functional Genes and Microbiome Composition in a Soil-Plant System","authors":"Partho Das, Claire Barker, Yujin Park, François Perreault, Paul Westerhoff, C Ryan Penton","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109714","url":null,"abstract":"Graphite nano additive (GNA) has shown potential for enhanced soil N retention and plant productivity. To obtain mechanistic understanding on such beneficial effects, lettuce (<em>Lactuca sativa</em>) was grown in a greenhouse with an exposure of GNA at an application range of 0-500 mg/kg soil for seven weeks. Changes in microbial enzyme activities, N cycling gene abundances, and bacterial community composition were investigated as responses to GNA addition. GNA doses ≤ 100 mg/kg soil resulted in elevated soil microbial biomass carbon at week 3 and contributed to enhanced plant yield during the final harvest at week 7. GNA significantly influenced rhizosphere soil enzyme activities, with notable increases observed across all assayed enzymes at week 5, corresponding to the peak in lettuce growth. GNA addition decreased bacterial <em>amoA</em> abundance, which indicated suppressed soil nitrification potentials in both the bulk and rhizosphere soils. This was coupled with an increase in <em>nifH</em>-harboring bacteria in the bulk, but not rhizosphere, soil. Although the gene that encodes for the terminal step in denitrification (<em>nosZ</em>) was not significantly impacted, <em>nirS</em> and <em>nirK</em> abundances indicated a potential for enhanced denitrification in the bulk soil and suppression of denitrification in the rhizosphere soil. <em>16S rRNA</em> gene-based abundances indicated no significant decreases in the total bacterial community with GNA amendment in both the bulk and rhizosphere soils which indicates that GNA had limited microbiocidal effect on the broad community. However, GNA imposed selection for certain microbial functional clades and taxonomic lineages and demonstrated a significant impact on the overall composition of the microbial community. GNA demonstrated the potential to augment several beneficial bacterial groups while suppressing others. Overall, these data indicate that GNA significantly impacted the bacterial composition, potential N cycling, and enzyme-based activities of the soil community in a fashion that positively impacted the growth of lettuce in our study, principally within the plant rhizosphere.","PeriodicalId":21888,"journal":{"name":"Soil Biology & Biochemistry","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142988983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tree species effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks became a hot topic in soil science during the past decades. Increasing evidence has shown that tree species have contrasting effects on SOC stocks, yet the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. The decomposition control hypothesis states that tree species producing recalcitrant litter with low decomposability could facilitate SOC accumulation. In contrast, the formation control hypothesis argues that tree species producing labile litter, which can be efficiently transformed to soil organic matter by soil microbes, could increase SOC stocks. To unravel this controversy, we leveraged a 40-year-old common garden with replicated monoculture stands of eight tree species and examined relationships between leaf litter and fine root traits, soil bacterial and fungal community composition, four C-degrading enzymes, and SOC stocks. There was more than two-fold variation in SOC, particulate organic C (POC) and mineral-associated organic C (MAOC) concentrations among the eight tree species. Specific peroxidase and phenol oxidase activities explained more variation in POC and MAOC concentrations than leaf litter and fine root traits. Specific peroxidase activity was positively correlated with the relative abundance of fungi with genetic potential to produce peroxidase (Fungi_per) and acidobacteria, and specific phenol oxidase activity was positively correlated with relative abundance of actinobacteria. Tree species producing labile leaf and fine root litter characterized by rich nitrogen and poor lignin concentrations were associated with low relative abundance of Fungi_per and high relative abundance of actinobacteria. Collectively, our results suggest that oxidative enzymes that catalyze the decomposition of chemically recalcitrant compounds, and cause destabilization of mineral-bound organic matter, play critical roles in determining tree species effects on SOC stocks.
{"title":"Oxidative enzymes underlie tree species effects on soil organic carbon stocks: a common garden test with eight tree species","authors":"Kailiang Shi, Yanzhen Sun, De-Hui Zeng, Zimeng Sheng, Yansong Zhang, Guigang Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109715","url":null,"abstract":"Tree species effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks became a hot topic in soil science during the past decades. Increasing evidence has shown that tree species have contrasting effects on SOC stocks, yet the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. The decomposition control hypothesis states that tree species producing recalcitrant litter with low decomposability could facilitate SOC accumulation. In contrast, the formation control hypothesis argues that tree species producing labile litter, which can be efficiently transformed to soil organic matter by soil microbes, could increase SOC stocks. To unravel this controversy, we leveraged a 40-year-old common garden with replicated monoculture stands of eight tree species and examined relationships between leaf litter and fine root traits, soil bacterial and fungal community composition, four C-degrading enzymes, and SOC stocks. There was more than two-fold variation in SOC, particulate organic C (POC) and mineral-associated organic C (MAOC) concentrations among the eight tree species. Specific peroxidase and phenol oxidase activities explained more variation in POC and MAOC concentrations than leaf litter and fine root traits. Specific peroxidase activity was positively correlated with the relative abundance of fungi with genetic potential to produce peroxidase (Fungi_per) and acidobacteria, and specific phenol oxidase activity was positively correlated with relative abundance of actinobacteria. Tree species producing labile leaf and fine root litter characterized by rich nitrogen and poor lignin concentrations were associated with low relative abundance of Fungi_per and high relative abundance of actinobacteria. Collectively, our results suggest that oxidative enzymes that catalyze the decomposition of chemically recalcitrant compounds, and cause destabilization of mineral-bound organic matter, play critical roles in determining tree species effects on SOC stocks.","PeriodicalId":21888,"journal":{"name":"Soil Biology & Biochemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109711
Yuting Fu, Sabine Ravnskov, Marcos Paradelo, Lis W. de Jonge, Emmanuel Arthur
Organic material (OM) decomposition is crucial to soil fertility. We evaluated the hypothesis that long-term manure application induces changes in soil properties which affect the decomposition of OM in the first three months. We buried standardized plant litter with different C/N ratios, i.e., green tea (high-quality OM) and rooibos tea (low-quality OM), in five long-term organic fertilization experiments across different soil types in Europe. Intact 100 cm3 soil cores and bulk soil around the buried OM were analyzed for soil properties, including the physicochemical environment (nutrient contents, pore structure, etc) and microbiological properties (biomass of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, fungi, actinobacteria, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and fluorescein diacetate [FDA] enzyme activity). Despite the difference in microbial growth and activity and soil pore structure between treatments and crops, the effect of manure on OM decomposition was inconsistent across the fields and varied with soil texture and standing crop species. Decomposition of high-quality OM was reduced by 5–7% in two sandy fields with manure treatment and that of low-quality OM was reduced by 22% in one silty manured field, while in the other fields, the decomposition was not affected by manure. The decomposition of both OM types was higher in the maize field than in the barley and grass fields in one sandy site. Soil texture and electrical conductivity were negatively linked to the mass loss of both OM types. For the high-quality OM, its decomposition was also negatively linked to soil organic carbon and nutrient content, but positively linked to FDA enzyme activity. In contrast, the decomposition of low-quality OM was positively impacted by the bacterial biomass and soil total porosity. In conclusion, the effect of long-term manure application on OM decomposition depends on the soil texture and the standing crop species, and the edaphic drivers for OM decomposition vary with OM quality.
{"title":"Unraveling the Edaphic Factors Driving Organic Material Decay: Insights from Long-Term Manure Application Studies","authors":"Yuting Fu, Sabine Ravnskov, Marcos Paradelo, Lis W. de Jonge, Emmanuel Arthur","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109711","url":null,"abstract":"Organic material (OM) decomposition is crucial to soil fertility. We evaluated the hypothesis that long-term manure application induces changes in soil properties which affect the decomposition of OM in the first three months. We buried standardized plant litter with different C/N ratios, i.e., green tea (high-quality OM) and rooibos tea (low-quality OM), in five long-term organic fertilization experiments across different soil types in Europe. Intact 100 cm<sup>3</sup> soil cores and bulk soil around the buried OM were analyzed for soil properties, including the physicochemical environment (nutrient contents, pore structure, etc) and microbiological properties (biomass of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, fungi, actinobacteria, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and fluorescein diacetate [FDA] enzyme activity). Despite the difference in microbial growth and activity and soil pore structure between treatments and crops, the effect of manure on OM decomposition was inconsistent across the fields and varied with soil texture and standing crop species. Decomposition of high-quality OM was reduced by 5–7% in two sandy fields with manure treatment and that of low-quality OM was reduced by 22% in one silty manured field, while in the other fields, the decomposition was not affected by manure. The decomposition of both OM types was higher in the maize field than in the barley and grass fields in one sandy site. Soil texture and electrical conductivity were negatively linked to the mass loss of both OM types. For the high-quality OM, its decomposition was also negatively linked to soil organic carbon and nutrient content, but positively linked to FDA enzyme activity. In contrast, the decomposition of low-quality OM was positively impacted by the bacterial biomass and soil total porosity. In conclusion, the effect of long-term manure application on OM decomposition depends on the soil texture and the standing crop species, and the edaphic drivers for OM decomposition vary with OM quality.","PeriodicalId":21888,"journal":{"name":"Soil Biology & Biochemistry","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142936685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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