Soil Biology & Biochemistry最新文献_第6页

Nitrogen availability regulates the effects of straw incorporation on soil organic carbon functional pools 氮素有效性调节秸秆还田对土壤有机碳功能库的影响

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.110017

Xiaodong Wang, Lei Wang, Jiangpeng Ren, Lei Wang, Yue Tao, Ying Zhang

Particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) are essential for improving soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation and stability; however, their responses to straw incorporation remain unclear. To clarify these effects, we combined a meta-analysis with long-term straw incorporation experiments and found that straw incorporation significantly increased the POC (18.0 %) and MAOC (13.9 %), but the magnitude was regulated by nitrogen (N) availability. Specifically, increasing N availability alleviates the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio imbalance caused by straw incorporation and enhances carbon-acquiring enzyme activity, thereby promoting the transformation of straw into decomposed residues. In addition, under straw incorporation, increasing N availability enhances the production of glomalin-related soil proteins, which increases the mean weight diameter of aggregation and consequently promotes the accumulation of occluded particulate organic carbon (oPOC). This process effectively isolates POC from direct contact with microorganisms and enzymes, and ultimately facilitates POC accumulation. For MAOC, under straw incorporation, increasing N availability stimulates the growth of r-strategist microbes and enhances microbial carbon use efficiency, thereby increasing microbial necromass carbon production and resulting in more pronounced MAOC accumulation. Our findings reveal how N availability shapes the response of POC and MAOC to straw incorporation, with consequences for SOC accrual in cropland soils.

颗粒有机碳（POC）和矿物伴生有机碳（MAOC）对改善土壤有机碳（SOC）积累和稳定性至关重要；然而，他们对秸秆掺入的反应尚不清楚。为了阐明这些效应，我们将meta分析与长期秸秆还田实验相结合，发现秸秆还田显著提高了POC（18.0%）和MAOC(13.9%)，但其幅度受氮有效性的调节。具体来说，氮有效性的提高缓解了秸秆掺入造成的碳氮比失衡，提高了碳获取酶的活性，从而促进了秸秆向分解残留物的转化。此外，在秸秆还草条件下，氮素有效性的提高提高了球小球素相关土壤蛋白质的产量，从而增加了团聚体的平均重径，从而促进了封闭颗粒有机碳（oPOC）的积累。这一过程有效地隔离了POC与微生物和酶的直接接触，最终促进了POC的积累。对于MAOC，在秸秆还田条件下，氮有效性的提高刺激了r-战略微生物的生长，提高了微生物的碳利用效率，从而增加了微生物的坏死团碳产量，导致MAOC积累更加明显。我们的研究结果揭示了氮素有效性如何影响POC和MAOC对秸秆掺入的响应，以及对农田土壤有机碳积累的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Biochemical and molecular fingerprinting of soil organic matter fractions reveals diverse sources and stabilization mechanisms in Maritime Antarctica 土壤有机质组分的生物化学和分子指纹图谱揭示了南极海洋土壤有机质的多样性来源和稳定机制

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.110015

Jônatas Pedro da Silva , José João Lelis Leal de Souza , Deborah Pinheiro Dick , Rafael da Silva Teixeira , Emanuelle Mercês Barros Soares , Lucas Carvalho Gomes , Carlos Ernesto G.R. Schaefer

Understanding the biochemical composition and stabilization mechanisms of soil organic matter (SOM) is essential for assessing its persistence in rapidly changing polar environments. In this study, we investigated the molecular, elemental, and isotopic characteristics of SOM fractions—particulate (POM) and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM)—in soils from the Byers Peninsula, Maritime Antarctica. Using δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N isotopic signatures, off-line TMAH thermochemolysis, solid-state ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), we identified key pathways of SOM stabilization and origin. Results revealed that lipid-derived compounds dominated both SOM fractions (39–96 %), with lignin detected exclusively in vascular plant residues and only marginally in MAOM. Isotopic signatures indicated multiple organic matter sources, including C₃ plant biomass, marine inputs, ornithogenic deposits, and endolithic communities. Soils affected by cryoturbation and located on high and low platforms exhibited the highest carbon and nitrogen stocks, primarily stabilized in the MAOM fraction. Molecular analyses demonstrated significant variation in SOM composition across soil profiles. While most soils exhibited high proportions of labile O-alkyl C compounds, select profiles (notably P2 and P4) showed enriched aryl C and elevated thermostability, indicating advanced humification and greater molecular complexity. These findings highlight the central role of cryoturbation, hydrophobic interactions, and microbial-derived inputs in stabilizing SOM in the absence of lignin-rich vegetation. Overall, our integrated fingerprinting approach revealed that SOM persistence in Maritime Antarctica is governed by both physical protection (via MAOM) and biochemical resistance, offering critical insights into its potential response to ongoing climate-driven changes.

了解土壤有机质（SOM）的生化组成及其稳定机制对于评估其在快速变化的极地环境中的持久性至关重要。在本研究中，我们研究了南极海域拜尔斯半岛土壤中SOM组分-颗粒（POM）和矿物相关有机质（MAOM）的分子、元素和同位素特征。通过δ13C和δ15N同位素特征、离线TMAH热化学分析、固态13C核磁共振光谱和热重分析（TGA），我们确定了SOM稳定的关键途径和来源。结果显示，脂质衍生化合物在两个SOM组分中占主导地位（39-96%），木质素只在维管植物残体中检测到，在MAOM中仅少量检测到。同位素特征表明有机质来源多样，包括C3植物生物量、海洋输入、鸟源沉积物和内生群落。受低温扰动影响的高、低平台土壤碳氮储量最高，且主要稳定在MAOM部分。分子分析表明，不同土壤剖面的SOM组成存在显著差异。虽然大多数土壤表现出高比例的不稳定o -烷基C化合物，但某些剖面（特别是P2和P4）显示出丰富的芳基C和较高的热稳定性，表明腐殖质化程度较高，分子复杂性更高。这些发现强调了低温扰动、疏水相互作用和微生物来源的输入在缺乏富含木质素的植被的情况下稳定SOM的核心作用。总体而言，我们的综合指纹方法揭示了南极海洋SOM的持久性受到物理保护（通过MAOM）和生化抗性的双重控制，为其对持续气候驱动变化的潜在响应提供了重要见解。

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引用次数: 0

Soil protist diversity enhances prokaryotic diversity, and regulates dominant prokaryotes and the abundance of key nitrogen cycling genes 土壤原生生物多样性增强了原核生物多样性，调控了优势原核生物和氮循环关键基因的丰度

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.110014

Marta E. Pérez-Villanueva , Stephanie D. Jurburg , Cédric Malandain , Nawras Ghanem , Antonis Chatzinotas

Soil protists play crucial roles in soil microbial food-webs by preying on bacteria and other microorganisms. However, the effect of protist diversity on soil prokaryotic communities remains poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate how different protist diversity treatments affect the composition and functionality of soil prokaryotic communities. We established soil microcosms with increasingly complex protist communities, including a control without protists, a medium diversity treatment with three small bacterivorous protists, and a high diversity treatment with seven protists of diverse trophic styles and sizes. Over 21 days, we monitored changes in the prokaryotic community using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and assessed the effects on nitrifiers and denitrifiers by qPCR of nitrogen-cycling genes. Protist diversity explained 23 % of the observed prokaryotic community differentiation over time, with the high-diversity treatment causing the greatest divergence from the control. The most abundant prokaryotes were preferentially preyed upon in all protist treatments. Unexpectedly, the absolute abundance of the nirK gene, which is widely distributed among bacterial taxa and thus associated with high functional redundancy, decreased. The differential response of genes with lower distribution and redundancy, such as the bacterial and archaeal amoA and the Nitrospira-associated nxrB genes, to protist diversity indicated selective predation on archaea. High protist diversity systematically enhanced these effects compared to the medium diversity treatment. Overall, protist diversity was positively associated with prokaryotic diversity, which is crucial for maintaining ecosystem stability. These findings highlight the critical role of protist diversity and likely complementary predation in shaping soil prokaryotic communities and their functioning, and open up new avenues to explore how this role may differ across soil types.

土壤原生生物以细菌和其他微生物为食，在土壤微生物食物网中起着至关重要的作用。然而，原生生物多样性对土壤原核生物群落的影响尚不清楚。本研究旨在阐明不同原生生物多样性处理对土壤原核生物群落组成和功能的影响。我们建立了原生生物群落日益复杂的土壤微观环境，包括不含原生生物的对照、含有3种小型细菌原生生物的中等多样性处理和含有7种不同营养类型和大小的原生生物的高多样性处理。在21天的时间里，我们通过16S rRNA基因测序监测了原核生物群落的变化，并通过氮循环基因的qPCR评估了对硝化菌和反硝化菌的影响。随着时间的推移，原生生物多样性解释了23%的观察到的原核生物群落分化，高多样性处理导致与对照的最大差异。在所有原生生物处理中，最丰富的原核生物优先被提前。出乎意料的是，广泛分布于细菌分类群并因此与高功能冗余相关的nirK基因的绝对丰度下降了。分布和冗余度较低的基因，如细菌和古细菌的amoA和硝化螺相关的nxrB基因，对原生生物多样性的差异反应表明了对古细菌的选择性捕食。与中等多样性处理相比，高原生生物多样性系统地增强了这些效果。总体而言，原生生物多样性与原核生物多样性呈正相关，这对维持生态系统的稳定至关重要。这些发现突出了原生生物多样性和可能的互补捕食在塑造土壤原核生物群落及其功能中的关键作用，并为探索这种作用在不同土壤类型中的差异开辟了新的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Biogeochemical response to drying-rewetting in riparian soils influences carbon mobilization 河岸土壤干-复湿的生物地球化学响应影响碳动员

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.110012

Martin Škerlep , Melissa Reidy , Hjalmar Laudon , Ryan A. Sponseller

Organic-rich riparian soils in northern boreal landscapes are often the primary source of organic and inorganic carbon (C) to headwater streams. During extreme hydro-climatic events, such as droughts, the production and mobilization of C in these soils may be sensitive to changes in groundwater levels. Yet, the biogeochemical effects of drying and rewetting have been under-investigated in boreal riparian zones, particularly when compared to peat soils in discrete landscape components (i.e., mires). Here, we experimentally assess the response of riparian soil cores to simulated drought and rewetting and test whether mobilization of dissolved organic matter (DOM), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and methane (CH₄) are altered by geochemical and biological drivers over a two-month rewetting period. Drought oxidized the soil profile, upregulated activities of oxidative enzymes, and replenished terminal electron acceptors (TEAs), most notably sulfate (SO₄²⁻), which likely suppressed DOM concentrations over the short term. However, over the longer term, soil DOM mobilization increased in response to rewetting, unrelated to the intensity of experimental drought. Enzyme activity during the rewetting phase indicates that the persistent increases in DOM may be linked to microbially-mediated decomposition of organic matter following drought. By contrast, CO₂ production was sensitive to drought intensity, with concentrations suppressed in soils subjected to the most extreme drying treatment. Elevated SO₄²⁻ concentrations also delayed the recovery of CH₄ production in soils by creating a pool of more favorable TEAs. Our results collectively show that mobilization of different C forms in riparian soils is influenced by drying-rewetting events through multiple biogeochemical mechanisms operating at different time scales. These findings have broader implications for the lateral transfer of organic and inorganic C from riparian zones to streams in response to predicted increases in climate variability.

在北方寒带景观中，富有机的河岸土壤通常是向水源提供有机和无机碳(C)的主要来源。在极端水文气候事件期间，如干旱，这些土壤中C的产生和动员可能对地下水位的变化很敏感。然而，在北方河岸带，干燥和再湿润的生物地球化学效应尚未得到充分的研究，特别是与离散景观成分（即沼泽）中的泥炭土相比。在此，我们通过实验评估了河岸土壤岩心对模拟干旱和再湿润的响应，并测试了在两个月的再湿润期间，地球化学和生物驱动因素是否改变了溶解有机质（DOM）、二氧化碳（CO2）和甲烷（CH4）的动员。干旱使土壤表面氧化，氧化酶活性上调，并补充了末端电子受体（tea），尤其是硫酸盐（SO42-），这可能在短期内抑制了DOM浓度。然而，从长期来看，土壤DOM动员增加是对再湿润的响应，与试验干旱的强度无关。再湿润阶段的酶活性表明，DOM的持续增加可能与干旱后微生物介导的有机物分解有关。相比之下，CO2产量对干旱强度敏感，在最极端的干燥处理下，其浓度受到抑制。升高的SO42-浓度也通过创造一个更有利的tea池来延缓土壤中CH4产量的恢复。我们的研究结果共同表明，在不同的时间尺度上，干-再湿事件通过多种生物地球化学机制影响了河岸土壤中不同形式C的动员。这些发现对有机和无机碳从河岸带向河流的横向转移具有更广泛的意义，以响应预测的气候变率的增加。

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引用次数: 0

Increased microbial extracellular polymeric substances as a key factor in deep soil organic carbon accumulation 微生物胞外聚合物质的增加是深层土壤有机碳积累的关键因素

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109998

Mengxi Feng , Ming Zhang , Peng Cai , Yichao Wu , Qingling Fu , Xin Zhang , Fei Miao , Wen Xing , Shuiqing Chen , Ke-Qing Xiao , Yong-Guan Zhu

Microbial-derived carbon plays a crucial role in mitigating climate change by forming stable carbon components through the soil microbial carbon pump. However, related studies have ignored the contribution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) as microbial extracellular metabolites to soil organic carbon (SOC), particularly in deeper soils. This study explored the distribution of EPS in six typical soil profiles (0–120 cm) from two parent materials (limestone and shale) and three land use types (dryland, woodland, and paddy land). The contribution of microbial biomass carbon (MBC) to SOC was significantly higher than that of EPS-carbon (EPS-C) in surface soils (0–40 cm), while EPS-C constituted a larger proportion in deeper soils (80–120 cm). The EPS accumulation efficiency (EPS-protein/MBC and EPS-polysaccharide/MBC) gradually increased with soil depth. This accumulation was strongly correlated with the abundance of g_Zixibacteria, g_Zavarzinella, g_Xylohypha, g_Xanthothecium, and g_Xanthagaricus. Data analysis revealed that β-glucosidase (BG) activity and total nitrogen (TN) content had significant negative effects on the EPS/SOC ratio. Additionally, extracellular enzyme analyses confirmed that low nitrogen availability in deeper soils enhanced the EPS accumulation efficiency, thereby increasing the EPS-C/SOC ratio along the soil profile. Overall, this study provides new insights into the composition of deep soil carbon pools and highlights the important role of EPS in deep soil carbon storage.

微生物源碳通过土壤微生物碳泵形成稳定的碳组分，在减缓气候变化中起着至关重要的作用。然而，相关研究忽略了胞外聚合物（EPS）作为微生物胞外代谢物对土壤有机碳（SOC）的贡献，特别是在深层土壤中。研究了2种母质（石灰岩和页岩）和3种土地利用类型（旱地、林地和水田）6种典型土壤剖面（0 ~ 120 cm）中EPS的分布。表层土壤（0 ~ 40 cm）微生物生物量碳（MBC）对土壤有机碳的贡献显著高于eps -碳（EPS-C），而深层土壤（80 ~ 120 cm）中EPS-C所占比例更大。EPS积累效率（EPS蛋白/MBC和EPS多糖/MBC）随土壤深度的增加而逐渐增加。这种积累与g_Zixibacteria、g_Zavarzinella、g_Xylohypha、g_Xanthothecium和g_Xanthagaricus的丰度密切相关。数据分析表明，β-葡萄糖苷酶（BG）活性和总氮（TN）含量对EPS/SOC有显著的负向影响。此外，胞外酶分析证实，深层土壤低氮有效性提高了EPS积累效率，从而提高了土壤剖面上EPS- c /SOC比。总体而言，本研究提供了对深层土壤碳库组成的新认识，并突出了EPS在深层土壤碳储量中的重要作用。

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引用次数: 0

Modified fast UHPLC method for quantification of soil amino sugars – improved sensitivity compared to the GC method 改良的快速高效液相色谱法定量土壤氨基糖-与气相色谱法相比，提高了灵敏度

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.110003

Riku Maltari , Aino Seppänen , Kajsa Roslund , Kristiina Karhu

Soil microbial necromass analysis through measurement of soil amino sugars is a common technique in soil science. Traditionally, the measurement is performed by aldononitrile acetate derivatization and gas chromatographic (GC) analysis. Long pretreatment times and high limits of quantification (LOQ) have led to the development of faster and more sensitive high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. In this study, we enhanced a previously discovered ortho-phthalaldehyde derivatization and HPLC separation method for soil samples by converting it to work with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) column and equipment. We also added an internal standard to control for pretreatment variation. In addition, we explored the factors that must be optimized to establish the method with alternative equipment, and the differences in the results between the UHPLC and the GC methods. We found that the UHPLC method produced similar results to the GC methods with glucosamine and galactosamine, while the performance of the UHPLC method was significantly better in determining muramic acid, especially at low concentrations. Mannosamine results were not correlated between the methods. The speed of the UHPLC analysis was much higher and LOQ much lower compared to the GC method. In the majority of soil samples (13 out of 18), muramic acid concentrations were found to be below LOQ for the GC method, but clearly detectable with the developed UHPLC method. It was found that the UHPLC method is at least twice as fast as the GC method and requires only few of the hazardous chemicals traditionally used in amino sugar analysis. The UHPLC method also improved on the HPLC method by consuming only 1/5th of the total solvent and by reducing analysis time from 30 to 18 min.

通过测定土壤氨基糖进行土壤微生物坏死块分析是土壤科学中常用的技术。传统上，测量是通过乙腈醋酸酯衍生化和气相色谱（GC）分析进行的。较长的前处理时间和较高的定量限（LOQ）使得高效液相色谱（HPLC）方法发展得更快、更灵敏。在本研究中，我们通过将之前发现的邻苯二醛衍生化和高效液相色谱分离方法转化为超高高效液相色谱（UHPLC）柱和设备，对土壤样品进行了改进。我们还增加了一个内部标准来控制预处理的变化。此外，我们还探讨了在不同设备下建立该方法必须优化的因素，以及UHPLC与GC方法结果的差异。我们发现UHPLC法的测定结果与葡萄糖胺和半乳糖胺的气相色谱法相似，而UHPLC法的测定效果明显更好，特别是在低浓度下。甘露糖胺的结果在不同的方法之间没有相关性。与气相色谱法相比，UHPLC的分析速度更快，LOQ更低。在大多数土壤样品中（18个样品中有13个），用气相色谱法检测到的乳酸菌酸浓度低于定量限，但用所开发的UHPLC法可以清楚地检测到。结果表明，UHPLC法的检测速度至少是GC法的两倍，而且只需要很少的传统氨基糖分析中使用的有害化学物质。UHPLC法在HPLC法的基础上进行了改进，仅消耗总溶剂的1/5，并将分析时间从30分钟减少到18分钟。

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引用次数: 0

Microbial death in the Andes: necromass declines despite growth and carbon-use-efficiency increases with decadal soil warming 安第斯山脉的微生物死亡：尽管生长和碳利用效率随着土壤年代际变暖而增加，但坏死块仍在减少

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.110002

Andrew T. Nottingham , Kristiina Karhu , Norma Salinas , Jörg Schnecker , Outi-Maaria Sietiö , Angela K. Martin-Vivanco , Wolfgang Wanek , Patrick Meir

The growth and death of soil microbes are important drivers of soil carbon formation. A warming climate is predicted to affect both the production of microbial biomass and the stability of microbial residues (necromass) held in soils. However, we have very little information on how warming in tropical soils will affect these processes, and on the effect of temperature on microbial production and turnover over different time-scales. To address this, we studied temperature effects on microbial-mediated C cycling across two different time-scales, using a 20 °C mean annual temperature gradient in the Peruvian Andes (long-term effects) and decadal experimental-warming via soil translocation (11-years of temperature effects). At long-term timescales, a legacy of warmer temperatures decreased microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE), microbial biomass C, and decreased fungal and bacterial necromass concentration in soils. At decadal timescales, experimental warming increased CUE, microbial production and microbial biomass concentration (likely the result of concomitant changes in substrate availability). However, this did not translate into increased microbial necromass concentration, which generally declined with warming across all temporal scales. Together, we show that warmer temperatures over decadal (11-year) timescales affect soil microbial processes to potentially increase their C input to soil (increased CUE, microbial production, and biomass) but we find no evidence that this C became stabilized as the necromass C pool decreased. Our results indicate that warming can alter microbial community metabolism to potentially increase necromass C inputs to soil, although we find no evidence to show that this offset overall soil C loss with warming.

土壤微生物的生长和死亡是土壤碳形成的重要驱动因素。预计气候变暖将影响微生物生物量的产生和土壤中微生物残留物（坏死物）的稳定性。然而，关于热带土壤变暖将如何影响这些过程，以及不同时间尺度上温度对微生物生产和周转的影响，我们知之甚少。为了解决这个问题，我们在两个不同的时间尺度上研究了温度对微生物介导的碳循环的影响，使用了秘鲁安第斯山脉20°C的年平均温度梯度（长期影响）和通过土壤易位产生的十年代际实验变暖（11年的温度影响）。在长期时间尺度上，温度升高降低了土壤中微生物碳利用效率（CUE）、微生物生物量C，并降低了真菌和细菌的坏死团浓度。在年代际时间尺度上，实验变暖增加了CUE、微生物产量和微生物生物量浓度（可能是伴随基质有效性变化的结果）。然而，这并没有转化为微生物坏死团浓度的增加，在所有时间尺度上，微生物坏死团浓度通常随着变暖而下降。总之，我们发现，在十年（11年）的时间尺度上，温度升高会影响土壤微生物过程，从而潜在地增加它们对土壤的碳输入（增加CUE、微生物产量和生物量），但我们没有发现证据表明，随着坏死体碳库的减少，这些碳会趋于稳定。我们的研究结果表明，变暖可以改变微生物群落的代谢，从而潜在地增加土壤中的坏死体碳输入，尽管我们没有发现证据表明这抵消了变暖带来的总体土壤碳损失。

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引用次数: 0

Soil microbial metabolism: Insights from heat, CO2 emission and isotope analysis using a novel macrocalorespirometer 土壤微生物代谢：从热，二氧化碳排放和同位素分析的见解使用新的大热量呼吸计

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109994

Eliana Di Lodovico , Shiyue Yang , Hauke Harms , Maximilian Meyer , Christian Fricke , Gabriele E. Schaumann , Thomas Maskow

Soil, as the largest terrestrial carbon sink, plays a pivotal role in the global carbon cycle. Soil microorganisms are fundamental to all biochemical processes in soil, ensuring its fertility and supporting a balanced ecosystem. Through their metabolic activities, these microorganisms drive energy and matter flows, mineralizing organic matter and releasing heat and CO₂, which can be measured via calorespirometry. A key limitation of conventional calorimeters lies in their inability to combine high sample throughput with sufficiently large sample sizes while avoiding oxygen limitation during measurement. In order to overcome these weaknesses, we have developed a multi-channel macrocalorespirometer (CR-12) for soil analysis. To demonstrate its application, agricultural soil (Dikopshof, Luvisol) amended with ¹²C (unlabeled) and ¹³C (labeled) glucose was used in four experiments. Comparisons with commercial isothermal microcalorimeters confirmed the suitability of CR-12 for soil systems, providing reliable heat, CO₂ measurements and calorespirometric ratios that align with known ranges for the aerobic turnover of carbohydrates. To further investigate the incorporation of carbon into the soil organic matter (SOM), a time series of soil samples amended with ¹³C-labeled glucose was subjected to mass spectrometric analysis (m/z 44 for ¹²C–CO₂; m/z 45 for ¹³C–CO₂) using thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry-quadrupole mass spectrometry (TG-DSC-QMS). The integration of calorespirometric and mass spectrometric data demonstrated that combining these complementary techniques provides more detailed information on the fate of microbial carbon and energy turnover within SOM.

土壤作为最大的陆地碳汇，在全球碳循环中起着举足轻重的作用。土壤微生物是土壤中所有生化过程的基础，确保其肥力并支持平衡的生态系统。通过它们的代谢活动，这些微生物驱动能量和物质流动，使有机物矿化并释放热量和二氧化碳，这些可以通过量热肺法测量。传统量热计的一个关键限制在于它们无法将高样品通量与足够大的样品容量结合起来，同时在测量过程中避免氧气限制。为了克服这些缺点，我们开发了一种用于土壤分析的多通道大热量呼吸计（CR-12）。为了证明它的应用，用12C（未标记）和13C（标记）葡萄糖修饰的农业土壤（Dikopshof, Luvisol）进行了四次实验。与商用等温微量热量计的比较证实了CR-12对土壤系统的适用性，提供了可靠的热量、二氧化碳测量和与已知碳水化合物有氧代谢范围一致的热肺比。为了进一步研究碳进入土壤有机质（SOM）的情况，采用热重-差示扫描量热-四极杆质谱法（TG-DSC-QMS）对时间序列土壤样品进行质谱分析（12C-CO2为m/z 44, 13C-CO2为m/z 45）。热量肺量计和质谱数据的整合表明，结合这些互补的技术，可以提供有关微生物碳和SOM内能量周转命运的更详细信息。

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引用次数: 0

Carbon availability, soil pH, and microbial allocation to nitrogen acquisition shape grassland heterotrophic respiration in response to a decade of nitrogen addition 碳有效性、土壤pH值和微生物对氮获取的分配影响了草地异养呼吸对十年氮添加的响应。

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.110000

Lang C. DeLancey , Qian Zhao , Adrienne B. Keller , Christopher A. Walter , Kirsten S. Hofmockel , Melanie A. Mayes , Eric W. Seabloom , Elizabeth T. Borer , Andrew D.B. Leakey , Sarah E. Hobbie

Previous work has found that anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) impact heterotrophic respiration during soil organic matter decomposition in grasslands, a critical pathway through which carbon (C) is lost from soil to the atmosphere. While N addition typically reduces heterotrophic respiration, why the strength and direction of this N effect varies among sites is unclear. To address this, we conducted a 339-day laboratory incubation to measure heterotrophic respiration from nine grasslands across North America that have received 10 years of factorial N and P fertilization. N addition reduced cumulative respiration most at sites with low pH, low microbial allocation towards N acquisition, and high soil C concentration and availability. However, N addition had neutral rather than positive effects on heterotrophic respiration in sites with high pH and decomposer allocation towards N acquisition. Across sites, a decade of N addition reduced heterotrophic respiration by ∼24 %, driven by reductions in microbial biomass. Heterotrophic respiration was less sensitive to P addition, despite its increasing microbial biomass. However, simultaneous N and P addition did ameliorate negative N effects. These results show that previously observed variation in the response of heterotrophic respiration to N addition can be explained by soil C availability and pH status, widely measured factors which can be used to predict how grassland C fluxes may change under continuing nutrient deposition.

先前的研究发现，在草原土壤有机质分解过程中，人为输入的氮(N)和磷(P)会影响异养呼吸，这是碳(C)从土壤向大气流失的关键途径。虽然N的添加通常会减少异养呼吸，但为什么这种N效应的强度和方向在不同的部位有所不同尚不清楚。为了解决这个问题，我们进行了339天的实验室孵化，以测量北美9个草原的异养呼吸，这些草原接受了10年的氮和磷因子施肥。在pH值较低、微生物氮获取分配较低、土壤碳浓度和有效性较高的土壤中，施氮对累积呼吸的影响最大。然而，氮添加对高pH点异养呼吸和分解器对N获取的分配具有中性而非积极的影响。在各个站点，由于微生物生物量的减少，10年的N添加使异养呼吸减少了~ 24%。异养呼吸对磷添加的敏感性较低，但其微生物量增加。然而，同时添加N和P确实改善了负氮效应。这些结果表明，以前观察到的异养呼吸对N添加的响应变化可以用土壤C有效性和pH状态来解释，土壤C有效性和pH状态是广泛测量的因子，可以用来预测持续养分沉积下草地C通量的变化。

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引用次数: 0

Restoring dryland soils functionality through synergism between biocrust-forming cyanobacteria and paper waste amendment 形成生物结皮的蓝藻与纸屑修复协同作用恢复旱地土壤功能

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109997

Lisa Maggioli , Sonia Chamizo , Raúl Román , Emilio Rodríguez-Caballero , Beatriz Roncero-Ramos , Yolanda Cantón

Organic amendments and microbial inoculants are widely applied to improve soil properties. However, their combined application remains underexplored in both soil restoration and sustainable agriculture. This study explores the synergistic potential of paper waste and biocrust-forming cyanobacteria as a combined strategy to enhance soil functions in drylands. Specifically, we assessed (i) whether paper waste can support long-term cyanobacterial survival and establishment in soil, and (ii) the effects of their combined application on soil functions and microbial community structure. In a mesocosm experiment, two forms of paper waste, shredded paper and paper pulp, were applied alone or with a native cyanobacterial consortium to natural and agricultural soils. Results showed that cyanobacteria remained viable on paper waste for three months. Redundancy Analysis (RDA) revealed strong association between treatments and shifts in key indicators of soil functions. The combination of paper waste and cyanobacteria significantly improved SOC (up to 979 %), total nitrogen (30 %), aggregate stability (500 %), and water retention (86 %), compared to untreated soil. A complementary field experiment confirmed this synergism and revealed partial inoculum transfer to the underlying soil, resulting in increased chlorophyll-a, aggregate stability and nitrogen concentration. Functional potential predictions of microbial communities (PICRUSt2 and FungalTraits) indicated that microbial taxa most strongly related to nutrient changes following amendment were linked to nutrient cycling pathways, particularly carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Despite functional shifts, occurring mainly in the paper layer, overall soil microbial diversity and nutrient balance were preserved, supporting this strategy as a sustainable tool for enhancing key soil functions in drylands.

有机改良剂和微生物接种剂被广泛应用于改善土壤性质。然而，它们在土壤恢复和可持续农业中的联合应用仍未得到充分探索。本研究探讨了废纸和形成生物壳的蓝藻作为增强旱地土壤功能的联合策略的协同潜力。具体来说，我们评估了(i)废纸是否可以支持土壤中蓝藻的长期生存和建立，以及（ii）它们的联合应用对土壤功能和微生物群落结构的影响。在一个中生态实验中，两种形式的纸废物，撕碎的纸和纸浆，单独或与原生蓝藻财团应用于自然和农业土壤。结果表明，蓝藻在废纸上存活了三个月。冗余分析（RDA）表明，处理与土壤功能关键指标的变化有很强的相关性。与未经处理的土壤相比，废纸和蓝藻的结合显著提高了土壤有机碳（高达979%）、总氮（30%）、团聚体稳定性（500%）和保水率（86%）。一个补充的田间试验证实了这种协同作用，并揭示了部分接种量向下伏土壤转移，导致叶绿素- A、团聚体稳定性和氮浓度增加。微生物群落功能潜力预测（PICRUSt2和FungalTraits）表明，修正后与养分变化关系最密切的微生物类群与养分循环途径有关，特别是碳氮代谢。尽管功能变化主要发生在纸层，但总体土壤微生物多样性和养分平衡得到了保留，支持该策略作为增强旱地关键土壤功能的可持续工具。

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引用次数: 0