Soil Biology & Biochemistry最新文献_第6页

The influence of iron plaque and root traits on organic carbon turnover in the rice root detritusphere 铁膜和根系性状对水稻根腐殖层有机碳周转的影响

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.110036

Alexine Ehlinger , Sara Martinengo , Maria Sofia Lasagna , Fulvia Tambone , Maria Martin , Luisella Celi , Daniel Said-Pullicino

Rice roots represent an important contributor to belowground organic carbon (C) inputs in paddy soils. They have characteristic traits specifically linked to their growth in predominantly anoxic soils, such as the presence of iron plaque (IP) on the roots surfaces and the development of apoplastic barriers through the lignification/suberization of cell wall exteriors. Nevertheless, evidence on how these traits influence microbial decomposition and root C turnover in the detritusphere is still lacking. In this work we evaluated how water management practices, involving rice cropping under continuous flooding (CF) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD), affect coarse and fine root C inputs, their biochemical quality and IP contents. Moreover, by harnessing the difference in natural abundance ¹³C between C3 rice plant residues added to a C4 maize-cropped soil, we elucidated how these traits affect microbial decomposition, soil organic C (SOC) priming and the contribution of root C to different functional SOC pools over a 90-d microcosm incubation under aerobic conditions. The main findings suggest that growing rice under CF resulted in a lower abundance of fine roots and favoured the accumulation of root-associated IP compared to AWD. This, together with their greater content of aromatic and alkyl C moieties, was mainly responsible for the slower turnover of fine compared to coarse roots, and their slightly greater contribution to mineral-associated OC pools, without considerably affecting native SOC priming. We conclude that evaluating the effects of water management practices, among other parameters, on belowground C inputs and rice root traits may help decipher the root C turnover and contribution to stable SOC in rice paddies.

水稻根系是水稻土地下有机碳(C)输入的重要来源。它们具有与主要在缺氧土壤中生长有关的特征，例如根表面铁质斑块（IP）的存在以及通过细胞壁外木质素化/剥蚀而形成的外壁屏障。然而，关于这些性状如何影响腐肉层微生物分解和根C转换的证据仍然缺乏。在这项工作中，我们评估了水分管理措施，包括在连续淹水（CF）和干湿交替（AWD）条件下种植水稻，如何影响粗根和细根C输入，它们的生化品质和IP含量。此外，通过利用C3水稻残体在C4玉米土壤中天然碳丰度的差异，研究了这些性状在有氧条件下对微生物分解、土壤有机碳（SOC）启动以及根C对不同功能SOC库的贡献的影响。研究结果表明，与全旱相比，全旱条件下水稻细根丰度较低，有利于根系相关IP的积累。这一点，再加上它们的芳烃和烷基C含量较高，是细根比粗根更替速度较慢的主要原因，它们对矿物相关OC库的贡献略大，但对原生SOC启动没有明显影响。我们认为，评价水分管理措施对地下碳输入和水稻根系性状的影响可能有助于解释水稻根系碳周转及其对稳定有机碳的贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Nonlinear effect of microbial diversity loss on soil carbon flux 微生物多样性丧失对土壤碳通量的非线性影响

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.110028

Chao Wang , Xiaoyi Huang , Jing Yu , Yue Liu , Fangying Qu , Jian Wang , Xu Wang , Edith Bai

Soil biodiversity is declining globally due to human activities and climate change, but the consequences for soil carbon cycling and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the relationship between microbial diversity and soil CO₂ flux using a microbial dilution-to-extinction approach across three land-use types (forest, grassland and cropland). We find that soil CO₂ fluxes respond nonlinearly to diversity loss, increasing initially at moderate diversity loss, then declining sharply at severe loss. Several key microbial physiological properties, including microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and turnover rate, exhibit similar hump-shaped responses to declining diversity. Linear mixed-effects models show that microbial turnover and NUE are positively correlated with soil CO₂ fluxes, whereas microbial CUE and the interaction between turnover and NUE are negatively correlated with them. Structural equation modeling approaches further demonstrate that indirect effects mediated by microbial physiological properties, especially turnover rate, exert a stronger influence on soil CO₂ fluxes than the direct effects of diversity loss. Together, these findings highlight the complexity of biodiversity-function relationships in soils and emphasize the need to incorporate microbial physiological properties into soil carbon cycle models in the context of global biodiversity change.

由于人类活动和气候变化，全球土壤生物多样性正在下降，但对土壤碳循环和二氧化碳排放的影响仍然知之甚少。本文采用微生物稀释-灭绝方法研究了三种土地利用类型（森林、草地和农田）中微生物多样性与土壤CO2通量的关系。研究发现，土壤CO2通量对多样性损失呈非线性响应，在中度多样性损失时先增加，在严重多样性损失时急剧下降。一些关键的微生物生理特性，包括微生物碳利用效率（CUE）、氮利用效率（NUE）和周转率，对多样性的下降表现出类似的驼峰型响应。线性混合效应模型表明，微生物周转量和NUE与土壤CO2通量呈正相关，而微生物CUE及其交互作用与土壤CO2通量呈负相关。结构方程建模方法进一步表明，微生物生理特性介导的间接效应，尤其是周转率对土壤CO2通量的影响强于多样性丧失的直接效应。总之，这些发现突出了土壤中生物多样性-功能关系的复杂性，并强调了在全球生物多样性变化背景下将微生物生理特性纳入土壤碳循环模型的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Advancing predictive understanding of tree organic and inorganic nitrogen uptake across forest biomes 推进对森林生物群系树木有机和无机氮吸收的预测性认识

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.110027

Min Liu , Xingliang Xu , Peng Jin , Helge Bruelheide , Yakov Kuzyakov , Richard D. Bardgett , Wolfgang Wanek

Plants uptake nitrogen (N) from soils in inorganic forms, such as ammonium (NH₄⁺) and nitrate (NO₃⁻), but also in the form of organic compounds like amino acids. Despite extensive research on terrestrial N cycling, the patterns and underpinning mechanisms of inorganic and organic N uptake by tree species across forest biomes remained very uncertain. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted field-based hydroponic labelling experiments on 34 tree species spanning from temperate to subtropical and tropical climate zones. We assessed uptake rates of nine common amino acids (¹⁵N and ¹³C dual-labelled) alongside with NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻ (¹⁵N-labelled) at micromolar concentrations. Root morphological traits, soil chemical properties, soil N pool sizes and microbial N functional genes were determined to assess their role in explaining differential N uptake among tree species and forest biomes. Our results demonstrated stable N uptake rates and preferences across all forest biomes but showed large differences among N forms. Such N uptake was predominantly affected by N intrinsic properties, followed by effects of soil properties and microbial N functional genes on soil N availability, while controls by tree root traits were weakest. Mean uptake rates of single amino acids contributed to 39 % of the total root N uptake, with NH₄⁺ showing the highest (56 %), and NO₃⁻ showing the lowest uptake rates (5.0 %). Uptake rates of positively charged and high N% amino acids such as arginine, histidine, and lysine were fastest, i.e., 0.98, 0.81, and 0.78 μg N g⁻¹ d. w. root h⁻¹, respectively. Nitrogen uptake rates were faster when trees have longer and thinner fine roots, in soils with higher pH and phosphorus (P) availability and faster microbial N turnover. Our findings highlight the important role of organic N and NH₄⁺ for tree nutrition and reveal how tree N uptake is influenced (in increasing importance) by tree root morphological traits, soil microbial N functional composition, soil resource availability, and N form intrinsic properties. These findings provide profound quantitative and predictive insights into our understanding of forest N sink processes, offering a scientific foundation for optimizing global forestry N management strategies in the context of environmental change.

植物以无机形式从土壤中吸收氮(N)，如铵（NH4+）和硝酸盐（NO3 -），但也以有机化合物的形式，如氨基酸。尽管对陆地氮循环进行了广泛的研究，但森林生物群系树种对无机氮和有机氮的吸收模式和基本机制仍不确定。为了解决这一知识缺口，我们对34种树种进行了基于田间的水培标记实验，这些树种分布在温带、亚热带和热带气候区。我们评估了九种常见氨基酸（15N和13C双标记）以及NH4+和NO3 - （15N标记）在微摩尔浓度下的吸收率。根系形态特征、土壤化学性质、土壤氮库大小和微生物氮功能基因在不同树种和森林生物群落间氮吸收差异中的作用。我们的研究结果表明，所有森林生物群落的氮素吸收速率和偏好都很稳定，但氮素形态之间存在较大差异。氮素吸收主要受氮素内在特性的影响，其次是土壤特性和微生物氮功能基因对土壤氮素有效性的影响，而根系性状对土壤氮素有效性的影响最弱。单氨基酸的平均吸收率占根系总氮吸收率的39%，其中NH4+吸收率最高（56%），NO3 -吸收率最低（5.0%）。对带正电荷和高N%氨基酸如精氨酸、组氨酸和赖氨酸的吸收速率最快，分别为0.98、0.81和0.78 μg N g-1 d w根h-1。在pH和磷有效度较高、微生物氮周转快的土壤中，树木细根长、细根细的土壤吸收氮速率较高。我们的研究结果强调了有机氮和NH4+对树木营养的重要作用，并揭示了树木对N的吸收如何受到树木根系形态特征、土壤微生物N功能组成、土壤资源有效性以及树木和森林生物群落中N形态固有特性的影响（其重要性日益增加）。这些发现为我们对森林氮汇过程的理解提供了深刻的定量和预测见解，为优化环境变化背景下的全球森林氮管理策略提供了科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

Nitrogen and phosphorus additions reshape soil microbial metabolic functions in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau alpine meadows

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.110026

Jiayi Zhao , Yuying Jiang , Fei Ren , Lanping Li , Huaihai Chen

Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition and phosphorus (P) enrichment are profoundly altering terrestrial ecosystem stoichiometry, with particularly pronounced impacts on the fragile alpine meadow ecosystems. Yet, the effects of N and P inputs on critical metabolic functions of soil microbial communities remain poorly understood. Here, we conducted a 4-year N and P addition experiment in alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Our results demonstrate that N and P additions increased soil nitrate by 10.3-fold and 2-fold, respectively, but concurrently reduced plant species richness by 44.3 % and 33.6 %, favoring the dominance of grasses. N fertilization markedly increased the abundance of amoA genes (5.7-fold) and microbial alpha-diversity, accelerating nitrification processes. In contrast, low-level P addition (50 kg P Ha⁻²) enhanced the diversity of phoD (alkaline phosphatase) genes (Richness: +6.8 %, Shannon index: +2.0 %). Metagenomic analysis revealed a shift towards copiotrophic bacteria (e.g., Proteobacteria) by N enrichment, while P addition boosted predatory bacteria (e.g., Myxococcus). Both nutrient additions altered carbon (C) metabolism. This shift favored the metagenomic functions of proteins biosynthesis and ATP synthases for growth-associated synthetic processes, over the synthesis of complex compounds (e.g, aromatic compounds). This led to a depletion of complex lipids and aromatic compounds, which are crucial for stable soil organic matter formation. These findings demonstrate that N and (or) P inputs profoundly reshape microbial community structure and metabolism, with implications for C stability and functioning of these vulnerable ecosystems under ongoing global change and human disturbance.

人为氮(N)沉降和磷(P)富集正深刻改变着陆地生态系统的化学计量特征，对脆弱的高寒草甸生态系统的影响尤为显著。然而，氮磷输入对土壤微生物群落关键代谢功能的影响尚不清楚。结果表明，氮素和磷的添加使土壤硝酸盐含量分别增加了10.3倍和2倍，但同时使植物物种丰富度减少了44.3%和33.6%，以禾草为主。施氮显著增加了amoA基因丰度（5.7倍）和微生物α多样性，加速了硝化过程。低水平磷（50 Kg磷Ha-2）可提高碱性磷酸酶基因多样性（丰富度+6.8%，Shannon指数+2.0%）。宏基因组分析显示，氮的富集促进了嗜菌菌（如变形菌）的生长，而磷的添加促进了掠食性细菌（如粘球菌）的生长。两种营养素的添加都改变了碳(C)代谢。这种转变有利于生长相关合成过程中蛋白质生物合成和ATP合酶的宏基因组功能，而不是复杂化合物（如芳香族化合物）的合成。这导致了复杂的脂质和芳香族化合物的消耗，这对稳定的土壤有机质形成至关重要。这些发现表明，在持续的全球变化和人类干扰下，N和（或）P输入深刻地重塑了微生物群落结构和代谢，对这些脆弱生态系统的C稳定性和功能具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Earthworms enhance soil phosphorus cycling but plant responses differ among earthworm ecological categories: a meta-analysis 蚯蚓促进土壤磷循环，但不同生态类型蚯蚓对土壤磷循环的响应不同

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.110025

Ziyue Wang , Man Liu , Wenli Ding , Zhihui Chang , Benjamin L. Turner , Hans Lambers

Earthworms are integral to soil processes and influence plant growth and phosphorus (P) nutrition. We investigated the role of earthworms in the P cycle by synthesizing data from 181 studies, of which 22 % were field observations and 78 % were from pot or mesocosm experiments. Earthworms increase the concentration of soil Olsen P and microbial P, phosphatase activity, and plant biomass. Deep-dwelling epi-anecic and anecic earthworms are more effective than other ecological groups at increasing the soil available P, although surface-dwelling earthworms (epigeic and endogeic) contribute more effectively to plant P uptake. The increase of plant biomass by earthworms decreases with increasing organic matter content, but Olsen P concentration and plant P uptake show the opposite trend. Moreover, the impact of endogeic earthworms on P is sensitive to soil organic matter content. The positive effects of earthworms on P cycling are more pronounced under acidic and alkaline conditions than under neutral conditions (6.5–7.5). Finally, the increased available P concentration due to earthworms directly stimulates microbial P uptake, while all three main ecological categories of earthworms indirectly stimulate root growth and increase plant P uptake. Overall, earthworms can effectively promote P cycling in ecosystems, with a more significant effect in nutrient-poor soils.

蚯蚓是土壤过程中不可或缺的一部分，影响植物生长和磷(P)营养。通过综合181项研究资料，研究了蚯蚓在磷循环中的作用，其中22%为田间观测，78%为盆栽或中生态试验。蚯蚓增加了土壤奥尔森磷和微生物磷浓度、磷酸酶活性和植物生物量。深层蚯蚓和内生蚯蚓在增加土壤速效磷方面比其他生态类群更有效，尽管表层蚯蚓（表层蚯蚓和内源蚯蚓）对植物磷素吸收的贡献更有效。蚯蚓对植物生物量的增加随有机质含量的增加而减小，而奥尔森磷浓度和植物磷素吸收量呈相反趋势。此外，内源蚯蚓对磷的影响对土壤有机质含量敏感。蚯蚓对磷循环的积极作用在酸性和碱性条件下比在中性条件下更为明显（6.5-7.5）。最后，蚯蚓增加的有效磷浓度直接刺激微生物对磷的吸收，而蚯蚓的三个主要生态类别都间接刺激根系生长，增加植物对磷的吸收。总体而言，蚯蚓能有效促进生态系统中磷的循环，在养分贫乏的土壤中效果更为显著。

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引用次数: 0

Intensive land use enhances soil ammonia-oxidising archaea at a continental scale 集约化土地利用在大陆尺度上促进了土壤氨氧化古菌的生长

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.110024

M. Bahram , L. Lehtovirta-Morley , V. Mikryukov , T.R. Sveen , A. Grant , M. Pent , F. Hildebrand , M. Labouyrie , J. Köninger , L. Tedersoo , A. Jones , P. Panagos , A. Orgiazzi

Archaea are an important group of soil organisms that play key roles in carbon and nitrogen cycling, particularly in nitrification (ammonia oxidation) and methanogenesis. However, there are knowledge gaps regarding their importance in ecosystem processes relative to other microbial groups and how they may be impacted by land-use and environmental changes. Here, by carrying out a continental-scale sample collection and utilising archaea-specific primers for metabarcoding and shotgun metagenomics, we aimed to decipher the structure and function of archaeal communities across various land-use types in Europe. Metagenomic data reveal that land-use intensification increases the relative abundance of archaea, whereas bacteria and eukaryotes show no increase. Alongside this, ammonia oxidising archaea (AOA) increase as a proportion of the total metabarcoding reads, from 1 % of archaea in coniferous woodland to >90 % in croplands. Functional gene profiles reveal that land-use intensification shifts archaeal communities from adaptive metabolic pathways in forests to specialised, ammonia-oxidising microbes in fertiliser-enriched cropland soils. Our data suggest that land-use intensification may shift archaeal communities toward greater dependence on external nitrogen inputs, with potential consequences for soil fertility and greenhouse gas emissions.

古细菌是一种重要的土壤生物，在碳和氮循环中起着关键作用，特别是在硝化（氨氧化）和甲烷生成中。然而，相对于其他微生物群，它们在生态系统过程中的重要性以及它们如何受到土地利用和环境变化的影响，在这方面存在知识空白。在这里，通过进行大陆尺度的样本收集，并利用古细菌特异性引物进行元条形码和散弹枪宏基因组学，我们旨在破译欧洲不同土地利用类型的古细菌群落的结构和功能。宏基因组数据显示，土地利用集约化增加了古细菌的相对丰度，而细菌和真核生物没有增加。与此同时，氨氧化古细菌（AOA）在总元条形码读数中的比例也在增加，从针叶林古细菌的1%增加到农田古细菌的90%。功能基因谱显示，土地利用集约化将古生菌群落从森林中的适应性代谢途径转变为富肥农田土壤中专门的氨氧化微生物。我们的数据表明，土地利用集约化可能会使古细菌群落更加依赖外部氮输入，从而对土壤肥力和温室气体排放产生潜在影响。

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引用次数: 0

Digging deeper: deep joint species distribution modeling reveals environmental drivers of Earthworm Communities 深入挖掘：深层联合物种分布模型揭示了蚯蚓群落的环境驱动因素

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.110021

Si-moussi Sara , Thuiller Wilfried , Galbrun Esther , Decaëns Thibaud , Gérard Sylvain , Marchán Daniel F. , Marsden Claire , Capowiez Yvan , Hedde Mickaël

Earthworms are key drivers of soil function, influencing organic matter turnover, nutrient cycling, and soil structure. Understanding the environmental controls on their distribution is essential for predicting the impacts of land use and climate change on soil ecosystems. While local studies have identified abiotic drivers of earthworm communities, broad-scale spatial patterns remain underexplored. We developed a multi-species, multi-task deep learning model to jointly predict the distribution of 77 earthworm species across metropolitan France, using historical (1960–1970) and contemporary (1990–2020) records. The model integrates climate, soil, and land cover variables to estimate habitat suitability. We applied SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to identify key environmental drivers and used species clustering to reveal ecological response groups. The joint model achieved high predictive performance (TSS >0.7) and improved predictions for rare species compared to traditional species distribution models. Shared feature extraction across species allowed for more robust identification of common and contrasting environmental responses. Precipitation variability, temperature seasonality, and land cover emerged as dominant predictors of earthworm distribution but differed in ranking across species and functional groups. Species clustering into response groups to climatic, land use and soil revealed distinct ecological strategies including a gradient of sensitivity to precipitation seasonality, differential habitat preferences in terms of vegetation cover and wetness and trade-offs between soil acidity and organic matter quality. Our study advances both the methodological and ecological understanding of soil biodiversity. We demonstrate the utility of interpretable deep learning approaches for large-scale soil fauna modeling and provide new insights into earthworm habitat specialization. These findings highlight land cover and seasonal climate variability as efficient proxies for soil biodiversity, providing actionable indicators for global monitoring initiatives and helping to identify habitat requirements of earthworm species to guide emerging earthworm conservation strategies in the face of global environmental change.

蚯蚓是土壤功能的关键驱动因素，影响有机质周转、养分循环和土壤结构。了解其分布的环境控制因素对于预测土地利用和气候变化对土壤生态系统的影响至关重要。虽然局部研究已经确定了蚯蚓群落的非生物驱动因素，但广泛的空间模式仍未得到充分探索。我们开发了一个多物种、多任务的深度学习模型，利用历史（1960-1970）和当代（1990-2020）的记录，共同预测法国大都市77种蚯蚓的分布。该模型综合了气候、土壤和土地覆盖变量来估计生境适宜性。应用SHapley加性解释（SHAP）识别关键环境驱动因素，并利用物种聚类揭示生态响应群。与传统的物种分布模型相比，联合模型具有较高的预测性能（TSS >0.7），并且改进了对稀有物种的预测。跨物种的共享特征提取允许更可靠地识别共同和对比的环境响应。降水变异性、温度季节性和土地覆盖是蚯蚓分布的主要预测因子，但在不同物种和功能类群之间的排序存在差异。物种对气候、土地利用和土壤的响应集群揭示了不同的生态策略，包括对降水季节性的敏感性梯度、植被覆盖和湿度方面的栖息地偏好差异以及土壤酸度和有机质质量之间的权衡。我们的研究促进了对土壤生物多样性的方法学和生态学认识。我们展示了可解释的深度学习方法在大规模土壤动物建模中的效用，并为蚯蚓栖息地专业化提供了新的见解。这些发现强调了土地覆盖和季节气候变率是土壤生物多样性的有效指标，为全球监测计划提供了可操作的指标，并有助于确定蚯蚓物种的栖息地需求，以指导面对全球环境变化的蚯蚓保护战略。

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引用次数: 0

Long-term intercropping mitigates warming-induced carbon loss via enhancing microbial and substrate resistance 长期间作通过增强微生物和基质的抗性来减轻变暖引起的碳损失

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.110022

Wei Wang , Yang Wang , Jian-Ming Li , Meng-Ying Li , Peng He , Yongxing Cui , Sheng-Jun Ji , Wen-Ying Wang , Levis Kavagi , Muhammd Ashraf , Yinglong Chen , Matthias C. Rillig , You-Cai Xiong

Long-term intercropping represents a key strategy to boost productive and ecological benefits. However, its potential to mitigate soil carbon-climate feedbacks remains unclear. Through a decade-long field investigation, we systematically characterized soil organic carbon (SOC) persistence, bioavailability, microbial traits, and soil properties in both intercropping and monoculture systems. Parallel controlled incubation experiments were conducted to quantify the temperature sensitivity (Q₁₀) of SOC decomposition. The relative contributions of these biotic and abiotic factors to Q₁₀ variability were ultimately determined using mixed-effects modeling. We found that cereal-legume intercropping significantly reduced the Q₁₀ on average by 14.1–18.2 %, relative to monocultures, significantly facilitating carbon resilience of agroecosystems. This effect was closely associated with increased SOC persistence driven by both the chemical recalcitrance of SOC (e.g., Alkyl C and Aromatic C) and its chemical protection through mineral associations. Particularly, sustained intercropping was observed to elevate soil microbial abundance (12.0–39.8 %) and α-diversity (2.4–8.9 %), and network complexity mediated by the enrichment of keystone taxa. Mechanistically, both microorganisms and substrates showcased evident positive effects on improving the resilience of microbial networks and carbon stability, thereby reducing carbon loss caused by warming. Therefore, long-term cereal–legume intercropping can act as a scalable strategy to facilitate climate–smart agriculture and Sustainable Development Goals.

长期间作是提高生产效益和生态效益的关键策略。然而，其缓解土壤碳-气候反馈的潜力仍不清楚。通过长达十年的实地调查，我们系统地表征了间作和单作系统中土壤有机碳（SOC）持久性、生物有效性、微生物特征和土壤特性。采用平行对照培养实验定量测定有机碳分解的温度敏感性（Q10）。这些生物和非生物因素对辅酶Q10变异的相对贡献最终通过混合效应模型确定。研究发现，与单作相比，谷物-豆科作物间作显著降低Q10，平均降低14.1% - 18.2%，显著提高了农业生态系统的碳恢复能力。这种效应与有机碳（如烷基C和芳烃C）的化学顽固性及其通过矿物结合力的化学保护作用所驱动的有机碳持久性增加密切相关。其中，持续间作显著提高了土壤微生物丰度（12.0 ~ 39.8%）和α-多样性（2.4 ~ 8.9%），提高了关键类群富集介导的网络复杂性。从机制上看，微生物和基质都对提高微生物网络的弹性和碳稳定性，从而减少变暖造成的碳损失有明显的积极作用。因此，长期谷物-豆类间作可以作为一种可扩展的战略，促进气候智能型农业和实现可持续发展目标。

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引用次数: 0

Microbial lifestyles adapted to distinct soil fertility 微生物的生活方式适应不同的土壤肥力

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2025-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.110023

Ling Li , Chao Xue , Yue Wang , Mingtao Liu , Junjie Guo , Manqiang Liu , Qirong Shen , Ning Ling

Microbial life-history strategies determine how microbial communities prioritize resource allocation toward growth, resource acquisition, or stress tolerance. However, how soil microbial communities adjust their life-history strategies in response to distinct soil fertility remains poorly understood. In this study, metatranscriptomic sequencing was performed to investigate shifts in microbial life-history strategies in soils with different fertility, developed by 37 year diverse fertilization regimes: no fertilization, mineral fertilization, manure fertilization, and combined mineral/manure fertilization. Organic amendments increased the transcript abundance of genes (normalized by transcripts per million [TPM]) related to biogeochemical cycles by 13 %–246 % relative to unfertilized soils. We quantified the relative transcript abundance of each functional pathway within individual biogeochemical cycles to compare transcriptional allocation across treatments. Within each cycle, organic amendments increased the relative transcript abundance of genes involved in organic matter degradation by 9 %–12 % and dissimilatory nitrate reduction by 24 %–37 % relative to unfertilized soils. Although TPM-normalized transcript abundance of growth-associated genes increased 1.8- to 2.2-fold in fertilized soils, their relative abundance among all life-history transcripts remained stable at approximately 77 %. Organic inputs altered microbial resource allocation by favoring resource acquisition over stress tolerance. This shift was associated with increased nutrient availability and soil pH neutralization. Taxonomic analysis revealed growth yield as the dominant strategy across most phyla. Within each strategy, Desulfobacterota showed a strong association with growth yield, Verrucomicrobiota with resource acquisition, and Pseudomonadota and Actinomycetota with stress tolerance. Notably, while strategy preferences were broadly conserved across phyla, fertilization modulated the intensity of strategy-specific gene expression, indicating functional plasticity of microbial communities in response to environmental change. Collectively, our findings suggest that differences in soil fertility resulting from long-term fertilization alter microbial resource allocation among life-history strategies by changing the functional expression of transcripts assigned to different taxa, reflecting the functional plasticity of soil microbial communities under intensified agriculture.

微生物生活史策略决定了微生物群落如何将资源分配优先于生长、资源获取或抗逆性。然而，土壤微生物群落如何根据不同的土壤肥力调整其生活史策略仍然知之甚少。在这项研究中，利用亚转录组测序研究了不同肥力土壤中微生物生活史策略的变化，这些土壤是在37年不同的施肥制度下形成的：不施肥、矿物施肥、粪肥施肥和矿物/粪肥联合施肥。与未施肥土壤相比，有机改良使与生物地球化学循环相关的基因转录本丰度（按转录本/百万[TPM]标准化）提高了13% ~ 246%。我们量化了个体生物地球化学循环中每个功能途径的相对转录丰度，以比较不同处理的转录分配。在每个循环中，与未施肥的土壤相比，有机改良使有机质降解相关基因的相对转录丰度提高了9%-12%，异化硝酸盐还原基因的相对转录丰度提高了24%-37%。虽然在施肥土壤中，生长相关基因转录本丰度增加了1.8- 2.2倍，但它们在所有生活史转录本中的相对丰度保持稳定在77%左右。有机投入改变了微生物资源配置，有利于资源获取而不是抗逆性。这种转变与养分有效性增加和土壤pH值中和有关。分类学分析表明，生长产量是大多数门的优势策略。在每种策略中，脱硫菌群与生长产量密切相关，疣菌群与资源获取密切相关，假单胞菌群和放线菌群与胁迫耐受性密切相关。值得注意的是，尽管策略偏好在整个门中广泛保守，但施肥调节了策略特异性基因表达的强度，这表明微生物群落在响应环境变化时具有功能可塑性。总之，我们的研究结果表明，长期施肥导致的土壤肥力差异通过改变分配给不同分类群的转录本的功能表达，改变了微生物在生活史策略中的资源分配，反映了集约化农业下土壤微生物群落的功能可塑性。

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引用次数: 0

Nematode predation modulates the energetic dynamics of soil micro-food webs with consequences for soil multifunctionality 线虫捕食调节土壤微食物网的能量动态，从而导致土壤的多功能性

IF 10.3 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil Biology & Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2025-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.110019

Jie Zheng , Ziyi Peng , Francisco Dini-Andreote , Andrew D. Barnes , Guangping Shi , Anton M. Potapov , Shungui Zhou , Yuji Jiang

Energy fluxes driven by predation are crucial to the relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in soils. However, there is little empirical evidence connecting these fluxes within soil micro-food webs to soil multifunctionality. Here, we initially used a long-term field experiment to investigate the extent to which nematode predation influences energy fluxes in soil micro-food webs and, in turn, impacts soil multifunctionality. Based on our analysis of body mass-scaled metabolic rates for 70 organismal groups, we estimated that nematodes require roughly three orders of magnitude more energy per individual than bacteria. In the field, we found nematode addition to increase multitrophic diversity and to strengthen interactions between bacteria-feeding nematodes and bacteria. This resulted in multitrophic energy fluxes that were 5.9–169.4 % greater than in soil lacking nematode additions. Specifically, nematode addition reinforced the bacterial energy channel, resulting in greater energy transfer from basal resources to bacteria and subsequently to protists and bacterivorous or omnivorous-predatory nematodes, which altered energy composition and reduced energy flow uniformity. Moreover, our results revealed that elevated multitrophic diversity and shifts in the energetic structure of soil micro-food webs mediated the enhancement in soil multifunctionality. Lastly, a complementary ¹³C-tracer microcosm experiment validated selective predation by nematodes on bacterial taxa (e.g., Mesorhizobium and Paenibacillus), as shown by significant positive correlations between ¹³C-labeled bacteria and ¹³C-enriched nematodes that explain the trophic transfer observed in nematode addition field treatments. Taken together, this study demonstrates that selective predation by nematodes reorganizes energy flow within soil micro-food webs, offering mechanistic evidence that predator-driven shifts in energy flow underpin biodiversity-function relationships in agricultural soils.

捕食驱动的能量通量对土壤生物多样性和生态系统功能之间的关系至关重要。然而，很少有经验证据将土壤微食物网中的这些通量与土壤的多功能性联系起来。在这里，我们最初使用了一个长期的野外实验来研究线虫捕食对土壤微食物网能量通量的影响程度，进而影响土壤的多功能性。根据我们对70种生物群体的身体质量代谢率的分析，我们估计线虫比细菌平均需要大约3个数量级的能量。在野外，我们发现线虫增加了多营养多样性，并加强了取食细菌的线虫与细菌之间的相互作用。这导致多营养能量通量比没有添加线虫的土壤高5.9-169.4%。具体来说，添加线虫加强了细菌的能量通道，导致更多的能量从基础资源转移到细菌，随后转移到原生生物和嗜菌或杂食性捕食线虫，这改变了能量组成，降低了能量流动的均匀性。此外，我们的研究结果表明，土壤微食物网的多营养多样性和能量结构的变化介导了土壤多功能性的增强。最后，一个互补的微观实验验证了线虫对某些细菌类群的选择性捕食，为野外观察提供了机制解释。综上所述，本研究表明，线虫的选择性捕食重组了土壤微食物网中的能量流，为捕食者驱动的能量流变化奠定了农业土壤生物多样性-功能关系的基础提供了机制证据。

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引用次数: 0