Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n6p1947
Mariana Andrade Mousquer, B. Curcio, Camila Gervini Wendt, B. S. S. Moraes, Rafaela Pinto de Souza, Isadora Paz de Oliveira dos Santos, Gabriela Marocco Raphaelli, Carlos Eduardo Wayne Nogueira
The aim of this study was to assess the body condition score (BCS) and metabolic profile of finalists in the Freio de Ouro competition, stratified by sex. This study examined 84 Crioulo horses, comprising 43 non-pregnant mares and 41 stallions. Morphometric measurements, including BCS, cresty neck score (CNS), neck and heart girth, and assessments of fat depth at the neck and at the tail base, were conducted. Additional derived measurements such as the percentage of body fat (%BF), body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), heart girth:height ratio (HG:HW), and neck circumference:height ratio (NC:HW) were calculated. A subgroup of 53 animals was selected for the evaluation of metabolic parameters, including triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), and adiponectin.In terms of BCS, 21% of participants were classified as overweight, with 49% having CNS≥3. Females exhibited greater fat deposition at the tail base and neck, along with higher %BF, FM, and HG:HW ratio, and lower NC:HWcompared to males. Among metabolic variables, females showed higher concentrations of LDH, LDL, CK, and lower concentrations of adiponectin than males. No differences were observed in morphometric measurements between participants that qualified for the final day of the competition and those which were disqualified. The study revealed that despite the rigorous physical demands and preparation required for the Freio de Ouro competition, a percentage of participants were overweight, displaying increased regional fat deposition in the neck. Although no metabolic changes related to increased adiposity were identified, the findings indicate a predisposition to the development of metabolic alterations. Additionally, females exhibited a greater accumulation of fat than males.
本研究的目的是评估Freio de Ouro比赛决赛马匹的体况评分（BCS）和新陈代谢情况，并按性别进行分层。本研究对 84 匹克里乌洛马进行了检查，其中包括 43 匹未怀孕的母马和 41 匹公马。进行了形态测量，包括BCS、嵴颈评分（CNS）、颈围和心围，以及颈部和尾基部脂肪深度评估。此外，还计算了其他衍生测量值，如体脂百分比（%BF）、体重指数（BMI）、脂肪量（FM）、无脂肪量（FFM）、心周与身高之比（HG:HW）以及颈围与身高之比（NC:HW）。选取了 53 只动物进行代谢参数评估，包括甘油三酯、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸激酶（CK）和脂肪连通素。与男性相比，女性的尾基部和颈部脂肪沉积较多，BF%、FM和HG:HW比率较高，NC:HW比率较低。在代谢变量中，与雄性相比，雌性的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDH）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL）和肌酸激酶（CK）浓度较高，而脂肪连通素（adiponectin）浓度较低。获得决赛资格的参赛者与被取消资格的参赛者在形态测量方面没有发现差异。研究显示，尽管参加 Freio de Ouro 比赛需要进行严格的体能要求和准备，但仍有一定比例的参赛者体重超标，颈部脂肪沉积增加。虽然没有发现与脂肪增加有关的新陈代谢变化，但研究结果表明，参赛者有发生新陈代谢变化的倾向。此外，女性比男性的脂肪堆积更多。
{"title":"Metabolic profile and body condition score of Crioulo horses finalists in the Freio de Ouro competition","authors":"Mariana Andrade Mousquer, B. Curcio, Camila Gervini Wendt, B. S. S. Moraes, Rafaela Pinto de Souza, Isadora Paz de Oliveira dos Santos, Gabriela Marocco Raphaelli, Carlos Eduardo Wayne Nogueira","doi":"10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n6p1947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n6p1947","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to assess the body condition score (BCS) and metabolic profile of finalists in the Freio de Ouro competition, stratified by sex. This study examined 84 Crioulo horses, comprising 43 non-pregnant mares and 41 stallions. Morphometric measurements, including BCS, cresty neck score (CNS), neck and heart girth, and assessments of fat depth at the neck and at the tail base, were conducted. Additional derived measurements such as the percentage of body fat (%BF), body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), heart girth:height ratio (HG:HW), and neck circumference:height ratio (NC:HW) were calculated. A subgroup of 53 animals was selected for the evaluation of metabolic parameters, including triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), and adiponectin.In terms of BCS, 21% of participants were classified as overweight, with 49% having CNS≥3. Females exhibited greater fat deposition at the tail base and neck, along with higher %BF, FM, and HG:HW ratio, and lower NC:HWcompared to males. Among metabolic variables, females showed higher concentrations of LDH, LDL, CK, and lower concentrations of adiponectin than males. No differences were observed in morphometric measurements between participants that qualified for the final day of the competition and those which were disqualified. The study revealed that despite the rigorous physical demands and preparation required for the Freio de Ouro competition, a percentage of participants were overweight, displaying increased regional fat deposition in the neck. Although no metabolic changes related to increased adiposity were identified, the findings indicate a predisposition to the development of metabolic alterations. Additionally, females exhibited a greater accumulation of fat than males.","PeriodicalId":21921,"journal":{"name":"Semina: Ciências Agrárias","volume":" 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138963634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n6p1975
V. Amarante, I. Oliveira, Iranilda Cotrim da Costa, Marcos Igor da Costa Santos, A. N. Diniz, Carolina Pantuzza Ramos, Rodrigo Otávio Silveira Silva, K. A. Carvalho, Carlos Augusto de Oliveira Júnior
Os animais domésticos são colonizados por uma extensa diversidade de bactérias comensais e patogênicas. Particularmente, os de estimação têm sido apontados como reservatórios de algumas bactérias específicas, como Salmonella spp. e Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile. Esses animais também podem estar infectados por helmintos potencialmente zoonóticos. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre os fatores de risco e frequência desses patógenos em cães no Brasil. O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar a presença de Salmonella spp., C. difficile e helmintos com potencial zoonótico em cães no município de Barra (Bahia, Brasil), bem como fatores de risco associados à ocorrência de diarreia. Para isso, foram obtidas as fezes de 40 cães. Cada tutor respondeu a um questionário epidemiológico para identificar episódios anteriores de diarreia nos animais e fatores de risco associados à presença dos patógenos avaliados. Ancylostoma spp. foi detectado em cinco cães (12,5%), enquanto Salmonella spp. foi isolado em 12,5% dos animais. C. difficile não foi isolado neste estudo. A presença de Ancylostoma spp. foi associada a fezes secas e ausência de vermifugação por mais de 12 meses. Cães positivos para Salmonella spp. foram cinco vezes mais propensos a ter diarreia do que aqueles negativos para este patógeno. Animais alimentados com dieta à base de carne crua e em contato com outros animais apresentaram maior probabilidade de apresentar episódio de diarreia nos últimos 12 meses. Pela primeira vez, Salmonella enterica sorovar Oranienburg foi isolado em um cão. Este trabalho sugere que se deve dar atenção à alimentação dos cães e à desparasitação regular para mitigar os riscos impostos por estes dois patógenos zoonóticos.
{"title":"Detecção de agentes zoonóticos e fatores de risco associados a diarreia em cães de um município do semiárido brasileiro","authors":"V. Amarante, I. Oliveira, Iranilda Cotrim da Costa, Marcos Igor da Costa Santos, A. N. Diniz, Carolina Pantuzza Ramos, Rodrigo Otávio Silveira Silva, K. A. Carvalho, Carlos Augusto de Oliveira Júnior","doi":"10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n6p1975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n6p1975","url":null,"abstract":"Os animais domésticos são colonizados por uma extensa diversidade de bactérias comensais e patogênicas. Particularmente, os de estimação têm sido apontados como reservatórios de algumas bactérias específicas, como Salmonella spp. e Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile. Esses animais também podem estar infectados por helmintos potencialmente zoonóticos. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre os fatores de risco e frequência desses patógenos em cães no Brasil. O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar a presença de Salmonella spp., C. difficile e helmintos com potencial zoonótico em cães no município de Barra (Bahia, Brasil), bem como fatores de risco associados à ocorrência de diarreia. Para isso, foram obtidas as fezes de 40 cães. Cada tutor respondeu a um questionário epidemiológico para identificar episódios anteriores de diarreia nos animais e fatores de risco associados à presença dos patógenos avaliados. Ancylostoma spp. foi detectado em cinco cães (12,5%), enquanto Salmonella spp. foi isolado em 12,5% dos animais. C. difficile não foi isolado neste estudo. A presença de Ancylostoma spp. foi associada a fezes secas e ausência de vermifugação por mais de 12 meses. Cães positivos para Salmonella spp. foram cinco vezes mais propensos a ter diarreia do que aqueles negativos para este patógeno. Animais alimentados com dieta à base de carne crua e em contato com outros animais apresentaram maior probabilidade de apresentar episódio de diarreia nos últimos 12 meses. Pela primeira vez, Salmonella enterica sorovar Oranienburg foi isolado em um cão. Este trabalho sugere que se deve dar atenção à alimentação dos cães e à desparasitação regular para mitigar os riscos impostos por estes dois patógenos zoonóticos.","PeriodicalId":21921,"journal":{"name":"Semina: Ciências Agrárias","volume":"95 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139175217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n6p2063
M. L. Rigo, K. R. Martins, Yan Wahast Islabão, Alexia Brauner de Mello, M. Giacometi, Rodrigo Casquero Cunha, Monique Tomazele Rovani, Camila Belmonte Oliveira
Cattle tick fever and bovine trypanosomosis are diseases that negatively impact cattle production in Brazil, causing considerably productive losses and animals death. In this study, the objective was to investigate the presence of the four hemoparasites that mostly affect dairy herds (A. marginale, B. bovis, B. bigemina and T. vivax) using the qPCR technique in discarded dairy cows in the northwestern region of Rio Grande do Sul. For this purpose, brain and spleen tissue biopsies were collected at a local slaughterhouse from 64 dairy cattle from this region. DNA extraction from the samples was performed using the Brazol® reagent, their quantity and purity were obtained through spectrophotometer analysis with NanoDropTM. In the brain samples, DNA detection was performed for T. vivax and B. bovis, and in the spleen, DNA of the four agents was verified. From a total of 64 brain samples analyzed, 14.06 % were positive for Babesia bovis. For spleen samples, Babesia bovis was detected in 17.19 % of the samples, while 29.69 % tested positive for B. bigemina and 37.50 % for Anaplasma marginale. Regarding Trypanosoma vivax, none of the analyzed samples resulted in a positive diagnosis in both tissues. Thus, the findings highlighted that B. bovis, B. bigemina and A. marginale are present in the dairy cattle herd of the northwestern regions of Rio Grande do Sul, with a higher percentage of A. marginale; on the other hand, T. vivax was not diagnosed in the present study.
{"title":"Investigation of Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina and Trypanosoma vivax in the brain and spleen of dairy cows of Rio Grande do Sul","authors":"M. L. Rigo, K. R. Martins, Yan Wahast Islabão, Alexia Brauner de Mello, M. Giacometi, Rodrigo Casquero Cunha, Monique Tomazele Rovani, Camila Belmonte Oliveira","doi":"10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n6p2063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n6p2063","url":null,"abstract":"Cattle tick fever and bovine trypanosomosis are diseases that negatively impact cattle production in Brazil, causing considerably productive losses and animals death. In this study, the objective was to investigate the presence of the four hemoparasites that mostly affect dairy herds (A. marginale, B. bovis, B. bigemina and T. vivax) using the qPCR technique in discarded dairy cows in the northwestern region of Rio Grande do Sul. For this purpose, brain and spleen tissue biopsies were collected at a local slaughterhouse from 64 dairy cattle from this region. DNA extraction from the samples was performed using the Brazol® reagent, their quantity and purity were obtained through spectrophotometer analysis with NanoDropTM. In the brain samples, DNA detection was performed for T. vivax and B. bovis, and in the spleen, DNA of the four agents was verified. From a total of 64 brain samples analyzed, 14.06 % were positive for Babesia bovis. For spleen samples, Babesia bovis was detected in 17.19 % of the samples, while 29.69 % tested positive for B. bigemina and 37.50 % for Anaplasma marginale. Regarding Trypanosoma vivax, none of the analyzed samples resulted in a positive diagnosis in both tissues. Thus, the findings highlighted that B. bovis, B. bigemina and A. marginale are present in the dairy cattle herd of the northwestern regions of Rio Grande do Sul, with a higher percentage of A. marginale; on the other hand, T. vivax was not diagnosed in the present study.","PeriodicalId":21921,"journal":{"name":"Semina: Ciências Agrárias","volume":"171 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139176033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n6p2027
C. Machado, Brendo de Oliveira Ferreira, A. França, L. T. Sardinha, Eudes Neiva Júnior
The interference of weeds in coffee cultivation is one of the factors contributing to losses and impairments in crop growth and productivity. Consequently, it becomes necessary to employ strategies aimed at mitigating this stress and facilitating optimal crop development through enhanced nutritional practices. This study aimed to assess the impact of various sources and modes of release of enhanced-efficiency phosphate fertilizers on the initial growth of Coffea arabica L. plants in competition with the weed Bidens pilosa in a greenhouse. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha and Mucuri – Diamantina MG, Brazil, employing a block design in a 4 x 6 factorial arrangement with four replications. The factors corresponded to four levels of B. pilosa infestation and six phosphorus sources (Super Single, Conventional, MAP, Granulated Organomineral, Pelleted Organomineral, MAP Coated with Polymer, and a control treatment without fertilization). The findings suggest that under the experimental conditions of this research, the escalating density of weed competition from B. pilosa negatively impacts the initial growth of coffee plants. However, this effect is dependent on the source of phosphate fertilization. Fertilizers with slow-release phosphate sources are recommended for coffee plantations, as they contribute to reduced weed growth in comparison to coffee plants.
杂草对咖啡种植的干扰是造成作物生长和产量损失和损害的因素之一。因此，有必要采取一些策略来减轻这种压力，并通过加强营养来促进作物的最佳生长。本研究旨在评估在温室中与杂草 Bidens pilosa 竞争的阿拉伯咖啡（Coffea arabica L.）植物的初始生长过程中，不同来源和释放模式的高效磷肥的影响。实验在巴西 Vales do Jequitinhonha 和 Mucuri - Diamantina MG 联邦大学进行，采用了 4 x 6 因式排列的区组设计，四次重复。各因子对应于四种柔毛虫侵扰水平和六种磷源（超级单一磷源、常规磷源、MAP 磷源、颗粒有机矿质磷源、粒状有机矿质磷源、MAP 磷源与聚合物涂层，以及不施肥的对照处理）。研究结果表明，在本研究的实验条件下，来自 B. pilosa 的杂草竞争密度不断增加，对咖啡植株的初期生长产生了负面影响。不过，这种影响取决于磷肥的来源。建议咖啡种植园使用缓释磷肥，因为与咖啡植株相比，缓释磷肥有助于减少杂草的生长。
{"title":"Enhanced-efficiency fertilizers on the growth of coffee plants under weed (Bidens Pilosa) competition stress","authors":"C. Machado, Brendo de Oliveira Ferreira, A. França, L. T. Sardinha, Eudes Neiva Júnior","doi":"10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n6p2027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n6p2027","url":null,"abstract":"The interference of weeds in coffee cultivation is one of the factors contributing to losses and impairments in crop growth and productivity. Consequently, it becomes necessary to employ strategies aimed at mitigating this stress and facilitating optimal crop development through enhanced nutritional practices. This study aimed to assess the impact of various sources and modes of release of enhanced-efficiency phosphate fertilizers on the initial growth of Coffea arabica L. plants in competition with the weed Bidens pilosa in a greenhouse. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha and Mucuri – Diamantina MG, Brazil, employing a block design in a 4 x 6 factorial arrangement with four replications. The factors corresponded to four levels of B. pilosa infestation and six phosphorus sources (Super Single, Conventional, MAP, Granulated Organomineral, Pelleted Organomineral, MAP Coated with Polymer, and a control treatment without fertilization). The findings suggest that under the experimental conditions of this research, the escalating density of weed competition from B. pilosa negatively impacts the initial growth of coffee plants. However, this effect is dependent on the source of phosphate fertilization. Fertilizers with slow-release phosphate sources are recommended for coffee plantations, as they contribute to reduced weed growth in comparison to coffee plants.","PeriodicalId":21921,"journal":{"name":"Semina: Ciências Agrárias","volume":" 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138964309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n6p2045
Ana Paula Pereira do Nascimento, L. Cavalcante, Antônio Gustavo de Luna Souto, Í. Cavalcante, E. N. Melo, Marlene Pereira do Nascimento, E. F. D. Mesquita
Passion fruit cultivation relies on irrigation to increase yields in the semiarid of northeastern Brazil. Water scarcity is one of the factors that most affect crop physiology, leading to lower yields. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the influence of planting hole volume and application of a hydroretentive polymer on physiological and productive aspects of irrigated yellow passion fruit cv. BRS GA1 in the Northeast semi-arid region of Brazil. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks, in a split-plot design 2 × (2 × 2). Treatments consisted of irrigation depths (100% and 70% of the crop's evapotranspiration requirement - ETc), planting hole volumes (64 dm3 and 128 dm3), and soil with and without application of hydroretentive Polymer (1.5 g dm3), with four replicates and three plants per plot. The analyzed variables included chlorophyll a and b indices, gas exchange, and yellow passion fruit yield. The findings showed that hydroretentive polymer application to the soil increases chlorophyll content and gas exchange in yellow passion fruit. Moreover, photosynthetic rates were not limited by a 30% reduction in irrigation depth and increased in plants grown in 128-dm3 planting holes with hydroretentive polymer. Based on yield results, irrigation depths can be reduced to 70% of the ETc by applying hydroretentive polymer in 64-dm3 planting holes.
{"title":"Gas exchange and yield of yellow passion fruit under different irrigated depths, planting hole volumes, and hydroretentive polymer application","authors":"Ana Paula Pereira do Nascimento, L. Cavalcante, Antônio Gustavo de Luna Souto, Í. Cavalcante, E. N. Melo, Marlene Pereira do Nascimento, E. F. D. Mesquita","doi":"10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n6p2045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n6p2045","url":null,"abstract":"Passion fruit cultivation relies on irrigation to increase yields in the semiarid of northeastern Brazil. Water scarcity is one of the factors that most affect crop physiology, leading to lower yields. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the influence of planting hole volume and application of a hydroretentive polymer on physiological and productive aspects of irrigated yellow passion fruit cv. BRS GA1 in the Northeast semi-arid region of Brazil. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks, in a split-plot design 2 × (2 × 2). Treatments consisted of irrigation depths (100% and 70% of the crop's evapotranspiration requirement - ETc), planting hole volumes (64 dm3 and 128 dm3), and soil with and without application of hydroretentive Polymer (1.5 g dm3), with four replicates and three plants per plot. The analyzed variables included chlorophyll a and b indices, gas exchange, and yellow passion fruit yield. The findings showed that hydroretentive polymer application to the soil increases chlorophyll content and gas exchange in yellow passion fruit. Moreover, photosynthetic rates were not limited by a 30% reduction in irrigation depth and increased in plants grown in 128-dm3 planting holes with hydroretentive polymer. Based on yield results, irrigation depths can be reduced to 70% of the ETc by applying hydroretentive polymer in 64-dm3 planting holes.","PeriodicalId":21921,"journal":{"name":"Semina: Ciências Agrárias","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138994636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n6p1961
Laryssa de Fátima Silva, Sara Adna de Oliveira, G. Moraes, N. Reis, Ricarda Santos
Retained placenta, metritis, and clinical endometritis are prevalent diseases on dairy farms, leading to economic losses and reducing the longevity of dairy cows in dairy production systems, so it is important to investigate potential predisposing factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between perineal hygiene during calving and the incidence of retained placenta, metritis, clinical endometritis and their effect on reproductive efficiency and culling rates in crossbred dairy cows. At two properties, pre calving cows (n=101) were evaluated for perineal dirtiness before and during calving, by visual observation and classified in score 1 - free of feces and dry perineum; score 2 - slight presence of feces and moist perineum; score 3 - mild-wet perineum, covered by feces (over 10% of the surface). After calving, cows were subjected by visual observation and gynecological evaluation to identify retained placenta, metritis and clinical endometritis. Cows with a hygiene score of 2 or 3 showed higher rates of retained placenta (41.9% x 14.0%), metritis (32.5% x 14.0%%) and clinical endometritis (42.5% x 15.8%) than cows with a score 1. Even though no significant effects on reproductive rates were reported, the degree of perineal dirtiness in prepartum dairy crossbred cows is associated with the incidence of post calving reproductive diseases.
滞留胎盘、元气大伤和临床子宫内膜炎是奶牛场的流行病，会导致经济损失，并降低奶牛生产系统中奶牛的寿命，因此研究潜在的易感因素非常重要。本研究旨在评估产犊期间会阴部卫生与胎盘滞留、元气大伤、临床子宫内膜炎发病率之间的关系，以及它们对杂交奶牛繁殖效率和淘汰率的影响。在两个牧场，通过肉眼观察，对产犊前和产犊期间的奶牛（n=101）会阴部污秽程度进行评估，并将其分为 1 级--无粪便，会阴部干燥；2 级--轻微有粪便，会阴部潮湿；3 级--轻度潮湿，会阴部被粪便覆盖（超过表面积的 10%）。产犊后，对奶牛进行肉眼观察和妇科评估，以确定胎盘残留、子宫内膜炎和临床子宫内膜炎。与卫生分数为 1 的奶牛相比，卫生分数为 2 或 3 的奶牛的胎盘滞留率（41.9% x 14.0%）、元气大伤率（32.5% x 14.0%%）和临床子宫内膜炎率（42.5% x 15.8%）较高。尽管没有报告显示会阴污秽度对繁殖率有明显影响，但产前杂交奶牛会阴污秽度与产后繁殖疾病的发生率有关。
{"title":"Association between the perineal hygiene score at calving, puerperal uterine disorders, and reproductive efficiency in crossbreed dairy cows","authors":"Laryssa de Fátima Silva, Sara Adna de Oliveira, G. Moraes, N. Reis, Ricarda Santos","doi":"10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n6p1961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n6p1961","url":null,"abstract":"Retained placenta, metritis, and clinical endometritis are prevalent diseases on dairy farms, leading to economic losses and reducing the longevity of dairy cows in dairy production systems, so it is important to investigate potential predisposing factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between perineal hygiene during calving and the incidence of retained placenta, metritis, clinical endometritis and their effect on reproductive efficiency and culling rates in crossbred dairy cows. At two properties, pre calving cows (n=101) were evaluated for perineal dirtiness before and during calving, by visual observation and classified in score 1 - free of feces and dry perineum; score 2 - slight presence of feces and moist perineum; score 3 - mild-wet perineum, covered by feces (over 10% of the surface). After calving, cows were subjected by visual observation and gynecological evaluation to identify retained placenta, metritis and clinical endometritis. Cows with a hygiene score of 2 or 3 showed higher rates of retained placenta (41.9% x 14.0%), metritis (32.5% x 14.0%%) and clinical endometritis (42.5% x 15.8%) than cows with a score 1. Even though no significant effects on reproductive rates were reported, the degree of perineal dirtiness in prepartum dairy crossbred cows is associated with the incidence of post calving reproductive diseases.","PeriodicalId":21921,"journal":{"name":"Semina: Ciências Agrárias","volume":"249 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139173249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n5p1927
Luciane da Cunha Codognoto, Jaisson dos Santos Branco, Vinicius Matias Rigo, Mariângela Silva de Matos, Lucas Sobral de Farias Rodrigues de Lima, Thassiane Telles Conde
A produção e qualidade forrageira é influenciada pelo suprimento de nitrogênio, especialmente ureia, altamente sujeito a perdas por volatilização. Alternativamente, surge tecnologia que reduz a liberação de nitrogênio, restringindo as perdas pelo recobrimento do fertilizante com polímeros. Ainda, como possibilidade de reduzir a dependência externa de nitrogênio, decorre a combinação de microrganismos edáficos multifuncionais capazes de captar nitrogênio atmosférico e disponibilizá-lo às plantas forrageiras. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar inoculação de sementes e o uso de ureia revestida na produção de massa seca aérea e radicular e características morfológicas de capim Marandu (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu). Experimento em vasos foi organizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 4 repetições, em esquema fatorial 5 x 4 x 4. Foram empregadas 5 dosagens de adubação nitrogenada (50, 100, 150, 200 e 250 kg ha-1 de N), aplicado em dose única, utilizando o fertilizante sintético ureia. Os fatores constituíram 4 técnicas: adubação com ureia; adubação ureia revestida; sementes de capim Marandu tratadas com inoculante comercial e adubação com ureia; e, sementes de capim Marandu tratadas com inoculante comercial e adubação com ureia revestida. As observações (altura do dossel forrageiro; número de perfilhos por vaso; e, massa aérea de forragem) foram obtidas com frequência de 21 dias, totalizando quatro cortes avaliativos sequenciais. Massa seca de raiz foi obtida por medida única, no corte 4, organizado em esquema fatorial 5 x 4, com quatro repetições. Sob umidade adequada no solo, dosagem de 50 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio, utilizando ureia convencional, caracteriza provisão econômica e ambiental à altura do dossel de capim Marandu. Dosagem de nitrogênio até 200 kg ha-1 promove aumento no número de perfilhos e; dosagem igual e superior, asseguram manutenção do potencial de produção de massa de forragem por até 2 cortes. Ureia convencional viabilizou superior produção de massa de raízes de capim Marandu, nas dosagens de nitrogênio entre 150 e 250 kg ha-1.
{"title":"Produção e características morfológicas de capim marandu sob inoculação e níveis de adubação nitrogenada","authors":"Luciane da Cunha Codognoto, Jaisson dos Santos Branco, Vinicius Matias Rigo, Mariângela Silva de Matos, Lucas Sobral de Farias Rodrigues de Lima, Thassiane Telles Conde","doi":"10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n5p1927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n5p1927","url":null,"abstract":"A produção e qualidade forrageira é influenciada pelo suprimento de nitrogênio, especialmente ureia, altamente sujeito a perdas por volatilização. Alternativamente, surge tecnologia que reduz a liberação de nitrogênio, restringindo as perdas pelo recobrimento do fertilizante com polímeros. Ainda, como possibilidade de reduzir a dependência externa de nitrogênio, decorre a combinação de microrganismos edáficos multifuncionais capazes de captar nitrogênio atmosférico e disponibilizá-lo às plantas forrageiras. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar inoculação de sementes e o uso de ureia revestida na produção de massa seca aérea e radicular e características morfológicas de capim Marandu (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu). Experimento em vasos foi organizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 4 repetições, em esquema fatorial 5 x 4 x 4. Foram empregadas 5 dosagens de adubação nitrogenada (50, 100, 150, 200 e 250 kg ha-1 de N), aplicado em dose única, utilizando o fertilizante sintético ureia. Os fatores constituíram 4 técnicas: adubação com ureia; adubação ureia revestida; sementes de capim Marandu tratadas com inoculante comercial e adubação com ureia; e, sementes de capim Marandu tratadas com inoculante comercial e adubação com ureia revestida. As observações (altura do dossel forrageiro; número de perfilhos por vaso; e, massa aérea de forragem) foram obtidas com frequência de 21 dias, totalizando quatro cortes avaliativos sequenciais. Massa seca de raiz foi obtida por medida única, no corte 4, organizado em esquema fatorial 5 x 4, com quatro repetições. Sob umidade adequada no solo, dosagem de 50 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio, utilizando ureia convencional, caracteriza provisão econômica e ambiental à altura do dossel de capim Marandu. Dosagem de nitrogênio até 200 kg ha-1 promove aumento no número de perfilhos e; dosagem igual e superior, asseguram manutenção do potencial de produção de massa de forragem por até 2 cortes. Ureia convencional viabilizou superior produção de massa de raízes de capim Marandu, nas dosagens de nitrogênio entre 150 e 250 kg ha-1.","PeriodicalId":21921,"journal":{"name":"Semina: Ciências Agrárias","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138975593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n5p1879
Mariana Motta de Castro, A. M. Dall Agnol, Vanessa Resende Rocha Tavares, A. A. C. Xavier, Flavia Helena Pereira Silva, Julia Raisa Ximenes Figueiredo, Rafaelli Ferreira Almeida, A. Alfieri, S. A. Headley
Bovine gammaherpesvirus 6 (BoGHV6), formerly known as bovine lymphotropic virus, belongs to the genus Macavirus, which includes the porcine lymphotropic herpesviruses (PLHV) and members collectively referred to as malignant catarrhal fever virus (MVFV) group. This study investigated the possible participation of BoGHV6 in the development of intestinal and pulmonary diseases of buffaloes. Intestinal and pulmonary fragments were obtained from 19 buffaloes from Goiás, Central-western Brazil. Histopathology revealed interstitial pneumonia in all pulmonary fragments evaluated, while two of these had suppurative bronchopneumonia. Furthermore, all intestinal fragments demonstrated atrophic enteritis. BoGHV6 DNA was amplified from 31.6% (6/19) of the buffaloes with interstitial pneumonia and in 26.3% (5/19) with atrophic enteritis. The phylogenetic evaluation revealed that the strain of BoGHV6 amplified from these buffaloes had 100% nucleotide (nt) sequence identity with the reference strains of BoGHV6, but only 69.5 to 73.7% and 65.8 – 69.5% nt sequence identity with members of the MCFV and the PLHV, respectively. Additionally, molecular assays to detect important pathogens of ruminants did not amplify the respective nucleic acids in the tissues evaluated. These results demonstrated that BoGHV6 was amplified from tissues of buffaloes with histopathologic diagnoses of interstitial pneumonia and atrophic enteritis, suggesting the possible participation of this virus in the development of the intestinal and pulmonary lesions herein identified.
{"title":"Molecular identification of bovine gammaherpesvirus 6 in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) with histological evidence of pulmonary and intestinal lesions","authors":"Mariana Motta de Castro, A. M. Dall Agnol, Vanessa Resende Rocha Tavares, A. A. C. Xavier, Flavia Helena Pereira Silva, Julia Raisa Ximenes Figueiredo, Rafaelli Ferreira Almeida, A. Alfieri, S. A. Headley","doi":"10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n5p1879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n5p1879","url":null,"abstract":"Bovine gammaherpesvirus 6 (BoGHV6), formerly known as bovine lymphotropic virus, belongs to the genus Macavirus, which includes the porcine lymphotropic herpesviruses (PLHV) and members collectively referred to as malignant catarrhal fever virus (MVFV) group. This study investigated the possible participation of BoGHV6 in the development of intestinal and pulmonary diseases of buffaloes. Intestinal and pulmonary fragments were obtained from 19 buffaloes from Goiás, Central-western Brazil. Histopathology revealed interstitial pneumonia in all pulmonary fragments evaluated, while two of these had suppurative bronchopneumonia. Furthermore, all intestinal fragments demonstrated atrophic enteritis. BoGHV6 DNA was amplified from 31.6% (6/19) of the buffaloes with interstitial pneumonia and in 26.3% (5/19) with atrophic enteritis. The phylogenetic evaluation revealed that the strain of BoGHV6 amplified from these buffaloes had 100% nucleotide (nt) sequence identity with the reference strains of BoGHV6, but only 69.5 to 73.7% and 65.8 – 69.5% nt sequence identity with members of the MCFV and the PLHV, respectively. Additionally, molecular assays to detect important pathogens of ruminants did not amplify the respective nucleic acids in the tissues evaluated. These results demonstrated that BoGHV6 was amplified from tissues of buffaloes with histopathologic diagnoses of interstitial pneumonia and atrophic enteritis, suggesting the possible participation of this virus in the development of the intestinal and pulmonary lesions herein identified.","PeriodicalId":21921,"journal":{"name":"Semina: Ciências Agrárias","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138971767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n5p1895-1908
Bruna Cardoso Braga, Ricardo Augusto Mendonça Vieira, Severino Delmar Junqueira Vilela, Raphael dos Santos Gomes, Paulo Gustavo Macedo de Almeida Martins, F. Leonel
Nosso objetivo foi caracterizar a cinética de degradação de resíduos agroindustriais fibrosos e amiláceos que podem ser utilizados na alimentação de ruminantes. Foram avaliados feno de palha de braquiária não processado (UBH), feno de palha de braquiária processado (briquetagem) (PBH), um subproduto amiláceo do processamento de batata (SBP) e fécula de mandioca (CST). Duas dietas foram formuladas: uma incluindo UBH e CST (UBH-CSTd); e o outro PBH e SBP (PBH-SBPd). Para o estudo da cinética de degradação, foi utilizada a técnica de fermentação de produção cumulativa de gás in vitro, na qual o modelo Monomolecular-G3G1 de dois compartimentos forneceu um ajuste mais provável. Os volumes cumulativos de gás produzidos foram 23,2 (UBH), 29,6 (PBH), 39,1 (SBP), 36,6 (CST), 27,9 (UBH-CSTd) e 28,5 (PBH-SBPd) mL por 0,1 g de matéria seca. Os alimentos amiláceos apresentaram fermentação mais intensa nas primeiras horas. Essa fermentação ágil ocorre porque se trata de um alimento solúvel e/ou rapidamente degradável que contém uma quantidade muito pequena de matéria fibrosa. Já para os alimentos fibrosos, UBH e PBH, a fermentação ocorreu mais lentamente nas primeiras horas, liberando menos gases. Como a fibra tem uma parte lentamente degradável e insolúvel, a fase assintótica demora mais para ser alcançada. Já as dietas apresentaram fermentação intermediária às dos alimentos amiláceos e fibrosos, o que acompanhou fielmente o perfil de produção de gases de seus ingredientes. Ambas as dietas apresentaram menores valores de k1 e maiores valores de k2 quando comparadas à silagem de milho. Este resultado confirma a real possibilidade de utilização dos dejetos estudados na alimentação de ruminantes. Ou seja, além de serem ingredientes com potencial de utilização na produção de ruminantes, a utilização de subprodutos na alimentação animal pode eliminar um problema substancial de poluição para a indústria.
{"title":"Parâmetros de fermentação in vitro de palha de braquiária processada ou não processada e subprodutos do processamento de batata e mandioca","authors":"Bruna Cardoso Braga, Ricardo Augusto Mendonça Vieira, Severino Delmar Junqueira Vilela, Raphael dos Santos Gomes, Paulo Gustavo Macedo de Almeida Martins, F. Leonel","doi":"10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n5p1895-1908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n5p1895-1908","url":null,"abstract":"Nosso objetivo foi caracterizar a cinética de degradação de resíduos agroindustriais fibrosos e amiláceos que podem ser utilizados na alimentação de ruminantes. Foram avaliados feno de palha de braquiária não processado (UBH), feno de palha de braquiária processado (briquetagem) (PBH), um subproduto amiláceo do processamento de batata (SBP) e fécula de mandioca (CST). Duas dietas foram formuladas: uma incluindo UBH e CST (UBH-CSTd); e o outro PBH e SBP (PBH-SBPd). Para o estudo da cinética de degradação, foi utilizada a técnica de fermentação de produção cumulativa de gás in vitro, na qual o modelo Monomolecular-G3G1 de dois compartimentos forneceu um ajuste mais provável. Os volumes cumulativos de gás produzidos foram 23,2 (UBH), 29,6 (PBH), 39,1 (SBP), 36,6 (CST), 27,9 (UBH-CSTd) e 28,5 (PBH-SBPd) mL por 0,1 g de matéria seca. Os alimentos amiláceos apresentaram fermentação mais intensa nas primeiras horas. Essa fermentação ágil ocorre porque se trata de um alimento solúvel e/ou rapidamente degradável que contém uma quantidade muito pequena de matéria fibrosa. Já para os alimentos fibrosos, UBH e PBH, a fermentação ocorreu mais lentamente nas primeiras horas, liberando menos gases. Como a fibra tem uma parte lentamente degradável e insolúvel, a fase assintótica demora mais para ser alcançada. Já as dietas apresentaram fermentação intermediária às dos alimentos amiláceos e fibrosos, o que acompanhou fielmente o perfil de produção de gases de seus ingredientes. Ambas as dietas apresentaram menores valores de k1 e maiores valores de k2 quando comparadas à silagem de milho. Este resultado confirma a real possibilidade de utilização dos dejetos estudados na alimentação de ruminantes. Ou seja, além de serem ingredientes com potencial de utilização na produção de ruminantes, a utilização de subprodutos na alimentação animal pode eliminar um problema substancial de poluição para a indústria.","PeriodicalId":21921,"journal":{"name":"Semina: Ciências Agrárias","volume":"2015 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139001783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n5p1909
Luciana Maria da Silva, K. Costa, J. A. G. E. Silva, João Victor Campos Pinho Costa, Adriano Carvalho Costa, Eduardo da Costa Severiano, P. B. Fernandes, Katryne Jordana de Oliveira, Kamilly Tiffany Magalhães Mendonça, Gercileny Oliveira Rodrigues
The partial substitution of maize by tropical legumes for the production of silage has aroused interest, for bringing benefits of increasing the crude protein content of corn-only silage, constituting an important alternative for the production of food in a more sustainable way. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of addition 30% tropical legumes on the fermentative characteristics and nutritive value of maize silage. The experimental design was entirely randomized with three replications. The treatments consisted of the following silages: Maize; Stylosanthes cv. Campo Grande, Stylosanthes cv. Bela: Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan cv. BRS Mandarim), maize + 30% Campo Grande; maize + 30% Bela and maize + 30% Pigeon pea, totaling 21 experimental silos. The results show that exclusive legume silage without preservatives present fermentative losses that compromise the silage quality. Addition of 30% legumes to maize silage improves the nutritional quality of the silage without compromising its fermentation profile. Stylosanthes cv. Campo Grande and Bela are the most recommended locations for maize silage. Thus, a mixed silage of maize and legumes is an alternative to improve the crude protein content of exclusive maize exclusive silage, greater sustainability, and reduced fermentative losses of legume silages.
用热带豆科植物部分替代玉米生产青贮饲料的做法引起了人们的兴趣，因为这有利于提高纯玉米青贮饲料的粗蛋白含量，是以更可持续的方式生产粮食的重要替代品。因此，本研究旨在评估添加 30% 热带豆科植物对玉米青贮发酵特性和营养价值的影响。实验设计完全随机，三次重复。处理包括以下青贮饲料：玉米、Stylosanthes cv. Campo Grande、Stylosanthes cv. Bela、豌豆（Cajanus cajan cv. BRS Mandarim）、玉米 + 30% Campo Grande、玉米 + 30% Bela 和玉米 + 30% 豌豆，共 21 个实验筒仓。结果表明，不加防腐剂的豆科植物青贮会造成发酵损失，影响青贮质量。在玉米青贮中添加 30% 的豆科植物可提高青贮饲料的营养质量，同时不影响其发酵特性。Campo Grande 和 Bela 是最值得推荐的玉米青贮地点。因此，玉米和豆科植物混合青贮是一种替代方法，可提高玉米专用青贮的粗蛋白含量，提高可持续性，减少豆科植物青贮的发酵损失。
{"title":"Fermentative profile and nutritive value of maize, legume and mixed silage","authors":"Luciana Maria da Silva, K. Costa, J. A. G. E. Silva, João Victor Campos Pinho Costa, Adriano Carvalho Costa, Eduardo da Costa Severiano, P. B. Fernandes, Katryne Jordana de Oliveira, Kamilly Tiffany Magalhães Mendonça, Gercileny Oliveira Rodrigues","doi":"10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n5p1909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n5p1909","url":null,"abstract":"The partial substitution of maize by tropical legumes for the production of silage has aroused interest, for bringing benefits of increasing the crude protein content of corn-only silage, constituting an important alternative for the production of food in a more sustainable way. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of addition 30% tropical legumes on the fermentative characteristics and nutritive value of maize silage. The experimental design was entirely randomized with three replications. The treatments consisted of the following silages: Maize; Stylosanthes cv. Campo Grande, Stylosanthes cv. Bela: Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan cv. BRS Mandarim), maize + 30% Campo Grande; maize + 30% Bela and maize + 30% Pigeon pea, totaling 21 experimental silos. The results show that exclusive legume silage without preservatives present fermentative losses that compromise the silage quality. Addition of 30% legumes to maize silage improves the nutritional quality of the silage without compromising its fermentation profile. Stylosanthes cv. Campo Grande and Bela are the most recommended locations for maize silage. Thus, a mixed silage of maize and legumes is an alternative to improve the crude protein content of exclusive maize exclusive silage, greater sustainability, and reduced fermentative losses of legume silages.","PeriodicalId":21921,"journal":{"name":"Semina: Ciências Agrárias","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138971645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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