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Resposta imune induzida pelo sorotipo Massachusetts e variante BR do vírus da bronquite infecciosa em frangos de corte 马萨诸塞血清型和 BR 变异型传染性支气管炎病毒诱导肉鸡产生的免疫反应
Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2024v45n4p1095
Priscilla Maria Cavalcante Rocha, Maria Jacqueline Gomes de Barros, J. Bandeira, Rsmm Morais, A. L. Silva, Iza Jamile Moreira Vilar Pereira, J. Braga, F. Souza, J. Evêncio-Neto
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a virulência e a resposta imune em frangos de corte vacinados com o sorotipo Massachusetts H120 e variante BR através da análise sorológica, histomorfométrica e histopatológica da mucosa traqueal. O experimento utilizou 162 pintos de um dia, alojados em blocos aleatórios em dois recintos com temperatura e luz controladas. Os sorotipos Massachusetts e variante BR da bronquite, ambos foram administrados pela via ocular e spray. Para análise da resposta humoral foi utilizado o teste ELISA, as coletas de sangue foram realizadas aos quatro, sete, 14, 21 e 28 dias de idade e um perfil de resposta imune foi criado para cada grupo vacinal de acordo com a via de administração baseado na média geométrica de titulação (GMT). Fragmentos de traqueia foram coletados aos quatro, sete e 14 dias de idade e processados de acordo com o protocolo histológico de rotina.  As mensurações histomorfométricas foram submetidas ao teste ANOVA com teste post hoc de Tukey (p < 0.05). Os GMTs obtidos com o sorotipo H120 e BR com diferentes vias de administração foram semelhantes em termos de resposta humoral. Foram encontradas diferenças histomorfométricas significantes (p < 0.05) entre os sorotipos e as vias de administração da vacina. O grupo H120 teve maiores escores de lesão comparados ao grupo BR em todas as idades analisadas. Os achados demonstram que a variante BR tem menor reação pós vacinal e melhor proteção homóloga com o desafio enfrentado nas atividades avícolas no Brasil.
本研究旨在通过对气管粘膜进行血清学、组织形态学和组织病理学分析,评估接种了马萨诸塞州 H120 血清型和 BR 变体疫苗的肉鸡的毒力和免疫反应。实验使用了 162 只日龄雏鸡,随机分区饲养在两个温度和光照可控的鸡舍中。马萨诸塞和BR支气管炎血清型均通过眼部和喷雾给药。在 4 日龄、7 日龄、14 日龄、21 日龄和 28 日龄时采集血液样本,并根据几何平均滴度 (GMT) 按给药途径为每个疫苗组建立免疫反应谱。在 4、7 和 14 日龄时收集气管碎片,并按照常规组织学方案进行处理。 组织形态测量结果经方差分析和 Tukey 后检验(P < 0.05)。在体液反应方面,血清型 H120 和不同给药途径的 BR 获得的 GMT 相似。不同血清型和疫苗接种途径之间存在显著的组织形态学差异(p < 0.05)。在所有分析年龄段,H120组的病变评分均高于BR组。研究结果表明,BR 变体的接种后反应较低,保护能力较强,这与巴西家禽养殖活动所面临的挑战相符。
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引用次数: 0
Desempenho reprodutivo, características da lactação e medidas biométricas de caprinos Manavlı 马纳夫勒山羊的繁殖性能、泌乳特征和生物特征测量结果
Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2024v45n4p1065
Aykut Asım Akbas, Ozkan Elmaz, Mustafa Saatcı, Can Metin Yazıcı
This study determined reproductive performance, milking traits and body measurements in 630 Manavlı goats that were reared purely in the Denizli province of Türkiye in six goat flocks. In this study, live weights and zoometrical body measurements of does and bucks were defined. Additionally, flock reproductive traits and milk yield were determined for six flocks. Overall, birth rate, twin birth rate, kidding rate and litter size in six flocks were determined as 98.34%, 43.42%, 1.41 and 1.44, respectively. The mean of the lactation milk yield, lactation period and  daily milk yield were 160.48 kg, 198 days and 0.810 kg, respectively. The live weights of does ranging in age from 4.1 to 4.7 were between 74.59 and 86.30 kg, while the live weights of bucks ranging in age from 2.1 to 2.7 were between 101.19 and 118.23 kg . Some body measurements of does, such as height at withers, rump height, rump width, body length, heart girth, ear length, tail length, and front and back wrist girth, were measured as 92.80, 93.07, 22.86, 91.97, 105.02, 26.83, 20.19, 12.35 and 12.31 cm,  respectively, before mating season. The same values at the abovementioned period were measured  as 98.27, 98.71, 23.87, 100.48, 109.89, 26.97, 22.30, 14.46 and 14.41 cm, respectively. This study is the first research related to Manavlı goats, for which no features have been reported to date. The obtained results will help to contribute to livestock diversity.
这项研究测定了在土耳其代尼兹利省的六个山羊群中纯种饲养的 630 只 Manavlı 山羊的繁殖性能、挤奶特性和体尺。这项研究确定了母山羊和公山羊的活重和体尺。此外,还测定了六个羊群的繁殖性状和产奶量。总体而言,六群山羊的出生率、双胎率、开产率和产仔数分别为 98.34%、43.42%、1.41 和 1.44。泌乳产奶量、泌乳期和日产奶量的平均值分别为 160.48 千克、198 天和 0.810 千克。4.1-4.7日龄的母牛活重在74.59-86.30千克之间,2.1-2.7日龄的公牛活重在101.19-118.23千克之间。交配季节前,母鹿的一些体尺,如肩高、臀高、臀宽、体长、心周长、耳长、尾长和前后腕周长分别为 92.80、93.07、22.86、91.97、105.02、26.83、20.19、12.35 和 12.31 厘米。在上述时期测量到的相同数值分别为 98.27、98.71、23.87、100.48、109.89、26.97、22.30、14.46 和 14.41 厘米。这项研究是首次与马纳夫勒山羊有关的研究,迄今为止还没有关于马纳夫勒山羊特征的报道。研究结果将有助于促进牲畜多样性。
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引用次数: 0
Pre-defoliation canopy height for signal grass ‘Basilisk’ in silvopastoral systems 林牧系统中信号草 "Basilisk "落叶前的冠层高度
Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2024v45n4p1081
Victor Augustus Vasconcelos de Oliveira, R. B. D. Silva, A. Veloso, Matheus Almeida Alves, M. M. D. Santos, R. A. C. Passetti, Lívia Vieira de Barros, M. Mourthé, Manoel Eduardo Rozalino Santos, T.G.S. Braz
The objective of this study was to compare the response of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk pastures in monoculture and silvopastoral systems (SPS), and to determine the most suitable pre-defoliation canopy height for managing this species in SPS. Four pre-defoliation canopy heights (20, 30, 40, and 50 cm) were tested for signal grass in SPS, alongside a control treatment involving defoliation at 20 cm in full sun. The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design with four replicates. The forage accumulation rate was higher in monoculture (36.5 kg ha-1 day-1 of DM) compared to the silvopastoral system (22.0 kg ha-1 day-1 of DM), and there was no significant effect of pre-defoliation canopy height within the SPS. The density of tillers in monoculture was comparable to that observed in canopies managed at a height of 50 cm within the SPS. Leaf mass and leaf percentage were maximized at heights of 40 cm and 50 cm, respectively. Neither the cultivation system nor the pre-defoliation canopy heights in the SPS influenced the fiber and protein content. Leaf accumulation and mass were higher in monoculture, but the cultivation system did not affect the chemical composition of the forage. Heights between 40 cm and 50 cm in the SPS should be used to maximize tillering, mass, and leaf percentage of signal grass ‘Basilisk’. The chemical composition of the produced forage did not undergo significant changes, neither between systems nor across pre-defoliation heights.
本研究的目的是比较信号草(Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk)在单一种植系统和林牧系统(SPS)中的反应,并确定最适合在林牧系统中管理该物种的落叶前树冠高度。对 SPS 中的信号草进行了四种落叶前冠层高度(20、30、40 和 50 厘米)的测试,同时还进行了在全日照条件下 20 厘米落叶的对照处理。试验采用四次重复的随机区组设计。单一种植的牧草积累率(36.5 千克/公顷-1 日-1 DM)高于造林-放牧系统(22.0 千克/公顷-1 日-1 DM),而在造林-放牧系统中,落叶前的冠层高度没有显著影响。在单一种植中观察到的分蘖密度与在小农生产系统中以 50 厘米高度管理的冠层中观察到的分蘖密度相当。叶片质量和叶片百分比分别在高度为 40 厘米和 50 厘米时达到最大值。SPS中的栽培系统和落叶前树冠高度都不会影响纤维和蛋白质含量。单一栽培时叶片的积累量和质量较高,但栽培方式并不影响牧草的化学成分。应采用 40 厘米至 50 厘米的单株栽培,以最大限度地提高信号草 "Basilisk "的分蘖、质量和叶片百分比。所产牧草的化学成分在不同栽培系统和不同的脱叶前高度之间都没有发生显著变化。
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引用次数: 0
Efeitos do uso prolongado de meloxicam em equinos hígidos: achados clínicos, laboratoriais, gastroscópicos e eletrocardiográficos 长期服用美洛昔康对健康马匹的影响:临床、实验室、胃镜和心电图检查结果
Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2024v45n4p1047
Dinamérico de Alencar Santos Júnior, Caio Victor Damasceno Carvalho, Maynara Kalya Ferreira Lima, E. G. D. Miranda Neto, P. Escodro
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are extensively used in veterinary practice. COX-2 inhibitors are considered to be safer than non-selective inhibitors; however, there are few studies address of their long-term use in equine species. The goal of this study was to identify the possible adverse effects of meloxicam (a preferential COX-2 inhibitor) in healthy horses, administered at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg, orally, once a day, for 28 days. A paired test was performed with seven animals, and the clinical, hematological, biochemical, and gastroscopic parameters, as well as bleeding time, were evaluated in five timepoints and an electrocardiogram at three timepoints. No relevant adverse effects were observed in terms of the parameters evaluated. Significant differences were found in heart rate, AST and P wave duration, segmented neutrophils (%), and the levels of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and MCH, compared with these parameters at T0; however, no animal manifested clinical alterations. Gastroscopy revealed discrete lesions (Grade 1) in the squamous gastric mucosa on day 14 of treatment in all animals; however, at the end of the study (day 28) these lesions had regressed to grade 0 in three of the horses and remained at grade 1 in the other four animals. Based on these results, we conclude that the use of meloxicam at a daily dose of 0.6 mg/kg, orally, for 28 consecutive days, did not cause relevant adverse effects in healthy horses.
非甾体抗炎药在兽医实践中被广泛使用。与非选择性抑制剂相比,COX-2 抑制剂被认为更安全;然而,有关其在马科动物中长期使用的研究却很少。本研究的目的是确定美洛昔康(COX-2 首选抑制剂)在健康马匹中可能产生的不良反应,口服剂量为 0.6 毫克/千克,每天一次,连续服用 28 天。对 7 匹马进行了配对试验,在 5 个时间点评估了临床、血液学、生物化学和胃镜参数以及出血时间,在 3 个时间点评估了心电图。在所评估的参数中未观察到相关的不良反应。与 T0 时的这些参数相比,心率、AST 和 P 波持续时间、分段中性粒细胞(%)以及红细胞、血红蛋白、血细胞比容和 MCH 的水平均有显著差异;但是,没有动物出现临床症状。胃镜检查显示,在治疗的第 14 天,所有动物的鳞状胃黏膜都出现了离散性病变(1 级);但在研究结束时(第 28 天),其中三匹马的病变已退至 0 级,另外四匹马的病变仍为 1 级。根据上述结果,我们得出结论:健康马匹连续 28 天口服美洛昔康(每日剂量为 0.6 毫克/千克)不会产生相关不良反应。
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引用次数: 0
Agrobio-economic return in radish–coriander intercropping under green manuring and population densities 绿肥和人口密度下萝卜-香菜间作的农业生物经济收益
Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2024v45n3p689
Gerlani Alves da Silva, F. B. Bezerra Neto, Jailma Suerda Silva de Lima, Francisca Karla Kelly da Silva Lino, E. A. D. Silva, Joaquim da Silva Assis Filho, V. A. D. S. Lino, Elizângela Cabral dos Santos
Radish and coriander are vegetables that complement each other when intercropped under organic fertilizer and the ideal density of the component crops. In view of this, this study aimed to evaluate the treatments, similar amounts of green manure and population densities of coriander in the biological parameters of the radish–coriander intercrop and determine the interaction between these treatments that provides the greatest economic return in a semi-arid environment. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with treatments arranged in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme with four replications. The first factor consisted of Merremia aegyptia and Calotropis procera biomass amounts in the proportion of 50% for each green manure at doses of 20, 35, 50 and 65 t ha−1 on a dry basis. The second factor comprised four coriander population densities of 400, 600, 800 and 1000 thousand plants ha−1. The radish and coriander cultivars planted were ‘Crimson Gigante’ and ‘Verdão’, respectively. Significant agro-biological returns from this radish–coriander intercrop were obtained at a land equivalent ratio of 2.00, intercropping advantage of 11.39, canonical variable Z score of 2.45, radish aggressivity over coriander of 1.04, and actual yield loss of 2.15 with the incorporation of 65 t ha−1 of hairy woodrose and roostertree into the soil using a coriander population density of 1 million plants ha−1. The greatest economic return from radish–coriander intercropping (107,278.10 BRL ha−1) was achieved with the application of 25.88 t ha−1 of green manure biomass to the soil and a coriander population density of 1 million plants ha−1.
萝卜和芫荽是蔬菜,在有机肥料和理想的作物密度条件下间作时可以互补。有鉴于此,本研究旨在对萝卜-芫荽间作的生物参数进行评估,并确定这些处理之间的相互作用,从而在半干旱环境中获得最大的经济收益。采用的实验设计是随机区组,处理以 4 × 4 的因子方案排列,有四次重复。第一个因子包括埃及鼠尾草(Merremia aegyptia)和胡枝子(Calotropis procera),每种绿肥的生物量比例为 50%,干基剂量分别为 20、35、50 和 65 吨/公顷。第二个因素包括 400、600、800 和 1000 株/公顷四种芫荽种群密度。种植的萝卜和芫荽品种分别是 "Crimson Gigante "和 "Verdão"。萝卜-芫荽间作的农业生物收益显著,土地当量比为 2.00,间作优势为 11.39,典型变量 Z 得分为 2.45,萝卜对芫荽的侵占性为 1.04,而在芫荽种群密度为 100 万株/公顷的土壤中加入 65 吨/公顷的毛木香和萝藦科植物后,实际产量损失为 2.15。在土壤中施用 25.88 吨/公顷的绿肥生物量和 100 万株/公顷的芫荽种群密度时,萝卜-芫荽间作的经济收益最高(107,278.10 BRL/公顷-1)。
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引用次数: 0
Efeitos hemodinâmicos e respiratórios em ovinos submetidos a quatro modalidades de ventilação e anestesiados com isoflurano ou propofol 使用四种通气模式和异氟醚或异丙酚麻醉绵羊的血液动力学和呼吸效应
Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2024v45n3p713
Luara da Rosa, Amarildo Oliveira Lyra De Souza, B. Regalin, D. Regalin, F. Comassetto, C.D.L. Cancellier, S. J. Ronchi, Nilson Oleskovicz
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar diferentes modalidades ventilatórias em ovinos anestesiados com isoflurano ou propofol. Foram utilizadas 12 ovelhas, adultas, mestiças, com 12 meses de idade, pesando 32±5 kg, comprovadamente hígidas. Após instrumentação com os animais conscientes em decúbito lateral direito, foi administrado morfina (0,3 mg kg-1) e detomidina (20 mcg kg-1) como MPA. Foram induzidas à anestesia geral com propofol (4 mg kg-1) e intubadas. Neste momento, foram alocadas em dois grupos: PG (n=6), manutenção com infusão contínua de propofol (0,5 mg kg min-1), e IG (n=6) com anestesia inalatória com isoflurano (1,3 V%). Todas foram mantidas por 30 minutos em cada modalidade ventilatória: ventilação espontânea (VE), ventilação mecânica ciclada a volume (VV), ventilação mecânica ciclada a pressão (VP) e ventilação mecânica ciclada a pressão com PEEP (VPP). A FC e o IC foram maiores em IG e já o IRVS foi maior em PG. Os valores de hemoglobina, fração de shunt intrapulmonar e o volume corrente foram maiores no PG. Os animais apresentaram alcalose metabólica em ambos os grupos. O isoflurano promoveu maior hipotensão, diminuição da complacência pulmonar, aumento da resistência das vias aéreas, menores valores de PaO2 e maiores valores de PaCO2 em todas as modalidades ventilatórias. A VPP promoveu maior complacência pulmonar e índice de oxigenação, maiores valores de PaO2 e menores valores de shunt intrapulmonar. Conclui-se que o propofol e a VPP promoveram maior estabilidade hemodinâmica em ovelhas.
本研究旨在评估异氟醚或异丙酚麻醉绵羊的不同通气模式。研究使用了 12 只成年混种绵羊,这些绵羊 12 个月大,体重 32±5kg,健康状况良好。在右侧卧位、神志清醒的情况下进行仪器操作后,注射吗啡(0.3 mg kg-1)和地托咪定(20 mcg kg-1)作为 MPA。用丙泊酚(4 毫克千克-1)诱导动物进入全身麻醉状态并插管。此时,他们被分配到两组:PG 组(n=6),持续输注异丙酚(0.5 毫克/千克/分钟);IG 组(n=6),异氟醚(1.3 V%)吸入麻醉。所有患者在每种通气模式下均维持 30 分钟:自主通气(SV)、容积循环机械通气(VV)、压力循环机械通气(PV)和带 PEEP 的压力循环机械通气(PPV)。GI 患者的 HR 和 CI 较高,而 PG 患者的 SVRI 较高。PG 的血红蛋白值、肺内分流分数和潮气量更高。两组动物均出现代谢性碱中毒。在所有通气模式下,异氟醚都会导致更严重的低血压、肺顺应性降低、气道阻力增加、PaO2 值降低和 PaCO2 值升高。丙泊酚可促进肺顺应性和氧合指数的提高、PaO2 值的升高和肺内分流值的降低。由此可以得出结论,异丙酚和 PPV 可提高绵羊血流动力学的稳定性。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of feeding frequency on growth, hematology, blood biochemistry, liver histology, and intestinal microbiota in the Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus) 喂食频率对奥斯卡(Astronotus ocellatus)生长、血液学、血液生化学、肝脏组织学和肠道微生物群的影响
Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2024v45n3p727
N. Lopera-Barrero, F. P. D. Souza, E. C. S. D. Lima, Lucas Mendonça Odebrecht, V. C. F. Pandolfi, Cindy Namie Seino Leal, U. P. Pereira, A. C. E. Pupim, Paulo César Meletti, Eduardo José A Araújo
The Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus) is an important Amazonian species with high production potential in fish farms and commercial value for aquarists. However, limited information on the feeding characteristics, such as the frequency of daily feeding, is available for this species in captivity. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding frequency on growth, hematology, blood biochemical parameters, liver histology, and intestinal microbiota parameters of juvenile Oscars. Four treatments were tested, consisting of fish fed at a feeding rate of one (T1), two (T2), three (T3), or four (T4) times daily with 1% of their biomass. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between treatments for growth and hematological parameters. T1 showed lower serum albumin values than T2 and T4 (p < 0.05) and higher hepatosomatic index values than T4 (p < 0.05), which was corroborated by the hepatocyte nucleus count. Intestinal microbiota analysis revealed higher taxon richness in T4 than in T1 (p < 0.05). Lower feeding frequencies (T1) positively influenced the deposition of hepatic energy reserves and decreased albumin production, possibly because of lower peptide absorption in the same treatment. Based on these results, feeding frequencies of two (T2), three (T3) and four (T4) times daily were the most suitable for juveniles of this species.
奥斯卡鱼(Astronotus ocellatus)是亚马逊河流域的一个重要鱼种,在养鱼场中具有很高的产量潜力,对水族爱好者来说具有商业价值。然而,关于该鱼种人工饲养时的喂食特点(如每天的喂食频率)的信息十分有限。因此,本研究旨在评估投喂频率对奥斯卡幼鱼的生长、血液学、血液生化指标、肝脏组织学和肠道微生物群指标的影响。试验采用了四种处理方法,即每天投喂 1 次(T1)、2 次(T2)、3 次(T3)或 4 次(T4),投喂量为鱼体生物量的 1%。各处理之间的生长和血液学参数无明显差异(P > 0.05)。T1 的血清白蛋白值低于 T2 和 T4(p < 0.05),肝功能指数值高于 T4(p < 0.05),肝细胞核计数也证实了这一点。肠道微生物群分析表明,T4 的分类群丰富度高于 T1(p < 0.05)。较低的饲喂频率(T1)会对肝脏能量储备的沉积产生积极影响,并减少白蛋白的产生,这可能是因为在相同的处理中,肽的吸收率较低。根据上述结果,每天喂食两次(T2)、三次(T3)和四次(T4)最适合该物种的幼鱼。
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引用次数: 0
Epidemiologia de Ehrlichia canis: aspectos hematológicos, bioquímicos, fatores associados e moleculares em cães hígidos no município de Porto Seguro, Bahia, Brasil 犬艾氏杆菌的流行病学:巴西巴伊亚州塞古罗港市健康犬的血液学、生化、相关和分子因素
Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2024v45n3p659
Jamille Pinto dos Santos Carvalho, Ana Paula Fernandes Calazans, Gabriela Mota Sena de Oliveira, Lilia Fernandes Alves, Larissa da Mata Santos, Fernando Bellice Silva, Alexandre Dias Munhoz
Este estudo observacional transversal teve como objetivo investigar a frequência, fatores associados e avaliar as alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas da infecção por E. canis em 396 cães saudáveis e domiciliados do município de Porto Seguro, Bahia. Além da coleta de amostras de sangue, foram obtidas informações adicionais sobre características intrínsecas e extrínsecas dos cães por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com seus tutores, a fim de identificar os fatores associados à infecção. Foi realizada a extração de DNA das amostras de sangue e pesquisa de E. canis pela técnica de nested PCR. A frequência de E. canis encontrada foi de 30,8% (122/396). Observou-se que a trombocitopenia (p<0,05) foi a alteração hematológica mais evidente entre os cães infectados por E. canis. Verificou-se que cães positivos possuem maior probabilidade de terem trombocitopenia, leucopenia e anemia em comparação aos animais negativos (p<0,05). Por meio do modelo de regressão logística, identificou-se que a presença de carrapatos (odds ratio [OR] = 1,66; intervalo de confiança [IC]: 1,05 - 2,63; valor p = 0,03) e residir na zona urbana (OR = 1,90; IC: 1,19 - 3,04; valor p = 0,007) foram fatores de risco para a infecção, enquanto morar próximo a áreas desmatadas (OR = 0,56; IC: 0,31 - 0,99; valor p = 0,05) e ter hábito domiciliar (OR = 0,51; IC: 0,31 - 0,85; valor p = 0,01) foram identificados como fatores de proteção. A elevada frequência de E. canis, combinada com a trombocitopenia e fatores associados que sinalizam para adoção de medidas de controle de carrapatos e diagnóstico da infecção, contribuem para uma melhor compreensão da epidemiologia local da infecção.
这项横断面观察性研究旨在调查生活在巴伊亚州塞古罗港市的 396 只健康犬感染犬大肠杆菌的频率、相关因素并评估其血液学和生化变化。除了采集血液样本外,还通过与狗的监护人进行半结构式访谈,了解了狗的内在和外在特征,以确定与感染有关的因素。从血液样本中提取 DNA,并使用巢式 PCR 技术检测犬大肠杆菌。发现犬大肠杆菌的频率为 30.8%(122/396)。据观察,血小板减少(p<0.05)是感染犬大肠杆菌的狗最明显的血液学改变。与阴性动物相比,阳性犬更容易出现血小板减少、白细胞减少和贫血(p<0.05)。逻辑回归模型显示,存在蜱虫(几率比 [OR] = 1.66;置信区间 [CI]:1.05 - 2.63;p 值 = 0.03)和生活在城市地区(OR = 1.90;CI:居住在森林砍伐区附近(OR = 0.56;CI:0.31 - 0.99;p-value = 0.05)和有住房习惯(OR = 0.51;CI:0.31 - 0.85;p-value = 0.01)是感染的风险因素,而居住在森林砍伐区附近(OR = 0.56;CI:0.31 - 0.99;p-value = 0.05)和有住房习惯(OR = 0.51;CI:0.31 - 0.85;p-value = 0.01)则是保护因素。犬大肠杆菌的高发率,加上血小板减少症和相关因素,预示着需要采取蜱虫控制措施和进行感染诊断,这有助于更好地了解当地的感染流行病学。
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引用次数: 0
Thermographic analysis of physiological conditions and after exercise in classic equestrian horses 经典马术马匹生理状况和运动后的热成像分析
Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2024v45n3p677
Guilherme Gonçalves Costa, Roberta Passini
Few studies have associated horse skin temperature with the thermal environment, physiology and exercise. This study aimed to use infrared thermography to analyze thermoregulation in horses during training and the efficiency of bathing time in restoring normal physiological conditions. A completely randomized design was used, with 2 treatments and 6 replications. The treatments were different bathing times, after exercise: BE – Before exercise (Control – resting animal); T2 – 2-minute shower, after exercise; T5 – 5-minute shower, after exercise. Six Brazilian Sport (BH) and six Thoroughbred (TB) horses were studied, with average age and weight of 8.5 years and 415 kg respectively, ridden over a classic showjumping course for 50 minutes. The variables were collected from 13h00 to 15h00 over 3 nonconsecutive days, before jump training, prior to bathing (post-training) and after bathing. The environmental variables (wet bulb temperature, black globe temperature, relative air humidity and dry bulb temperature) were determined in the external (track) and internal (bathroom) environments. Thermal comfort indexes were calculated: Temperature and Humidity Index (THI), Black Globe Temperature and Humidity Index (BGHI). Were collected the rectal temperature, respiratory rate and body surface temperature. A significant effect was observed for the rectal temperature, respiratory rate and surface temperature (P<0.05) between the pre- and post-training and before and after bathing. Training for around 50 minutes increased respiratory rate as well as rectal and skin temperatures. Bathing times of 2 or 5 minutes promote equivalent reductions in the animals' respiratory rate and skin temperatures, reaching values below those observed before training. The rectal temperature of the animals remained high even after bathing, indicating delayed recovery in relation to the other variables.
很少有研究将马匹皮肤温度与热环境、生理和运动联系起来。本研究旨在利用红外热成像技术分析马匹在训练期间的体温调节情况,以及洗澡时间在恢复正常生理状态方面的效率。研究采用完全随机设计,共设 2 个处理和 6 个重复。处理为运动后不同的洗澡时间:BE - 运动前(对照组 - 静止动物);T2 - 运动后 2 分钟淋浴;T5 - 运动后 5 分钟淋浴。研究对象为六匹巴西运动马(BH)和六匹纯血马(TB),它们的平均年龄和体重分别为 8.5 岁和 415 千克。在跳跃训练前、沐浴前(训练后)和沐浴后的 3 个非连续日的 13:00 至 15:00 期间收集了各种变量。环境变量(湿球温度、黑球温度、相对空气湿度和干球温度)是在外部(跑道)和内部(浴室)环境中测定的。计算了热舒适指数:温度和湿度指数(THI)、黑球温度和湿度指数(BGHI)。还收集了直肠温度、呼吸频率和体表温度。在训练前后和洗澡前后,直肠温度、呼吸频率和体表温度都有明显的影响(P<0.05)。约 50 分钟的训练提高了呼吸频率以及直肠和皮肤温度。2分钟或5分钟的沐浴时间可使动物的呼吸频率和皮肤温度降低到低于训练前的水平。即使在洗澡后,动物的直肠温度仍然很高,这表明与其他变量相比,动物的恢复时间有所延迟。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of different production systems on health, zootechnical and metabolic parameters in Holstein calves in the extreme south of Brazil 不同生产系统对巴西最南部荷斯坦犊牛健康、动物技术和代谢参数的影响
Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2024v44n2p625
R. S. Teixeira, Murilo Scalcon Nicola, Gustavo Felipe da Silva Sousa, U. S. Londero, E. G. Xavier, F. D. Del Pino, V. Rabassa, M. N. Corrêa
The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of diseases as well as metabolic and zootechnical parameters in Holstein calves maintained in individual or collective housing systems in the extreme south of Brazil. One hundred calves were included immediately after birth and monitored for 90 days. Animals were randomly divided into two groups: individual stalls group (ISG; n=50) and collective stalls group (CSG; n=50). ISG calves were individually housed in 1.2m² wood pens and received 6 L of milk/day and concentrate food and water ad libitum for 90 days. Calves in the CSG were housed in groups of up to 25 animals, in a total of two stalls containing one animal per 3 m2. CSG calves received up to 8 L of milk/day at 0-15 days, milk ad libitum at 15-40 days, 7.2 L of milk. /day at 40-60 days, and gradual weaning at 60-90 days with concentrate food and water ad libitum, using an automatic feeder. In both groups, Zootechnical  parameters (weight, thoracic perimeter, height at the withers, and rump width) were measured weekly during the first 28 days and once every 15 days until weaning. Blood samples were retrieved weekly during the first 28 days. Metabolic parameters evaluated in this study were total calcium, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), free fatty acids (FFA), and glucose. The animals were monitored daily for clinical signs of diseases diarrhea and respiratory symptoms. General morbidity was higher in CSG 92% compared to ISG 74% (p<0.05). We observed increased diarrhea-related morbidity and a higher rate of recurrence in the ISG (50% and 60%, respectively; p<0.05) compared to those in the CSG (both 20%, p<0.05 between groups). The morbidity due to bronchopneumonia was higher in the CSG (92%) than in the ISG (74%, p<0.05). Recurrence of bronchopneumonia and mortality were similar between groups (p>0.05). Glucose, FFA, and BHBA concentrations were higher in the ISG (p<0.05) and total calcium higher in CSG (p<0.05). Finally, the weight and thoracic perimeter were higher in the CSG than those in the ISG, whereas the height and, rump width, at the withers was higher in the ISG than that in the CSG (p<0.05). In conclusion, animals raised in a collective system with automatic feeders exhibited less diarrhea and increased serum calcium as well as improved zootechnical development, although they had a higher incidence of bronchopneumonia.
本研究的目的是评估巴西极南地区在个体或集体饲养系统中饲养的荷斯坦犊牛的疾病发病率以及代谢和动物技术参数。100 头犊牛在出生后立即被纳入研究,并接受了 90 天的监测。动物被随机分为两组:个体饲养组(ISG;n=50)和集体饲养组(CSG;n=50)。ISG组的犊牛单独饲养在1.2平方米的木栏中,每天饮用6升牛奶,并在90天内自由采食精饲料和饮水。CSG中的犊牛分组饲养,每组不超过25头,共两个栏位,每3平方米一个栏位。犊牛在 0-15 天时每天最多可喝 8 升牛奶,15-40 天时可自由饮用牛奶,40-60 天时每天最多可喝 7.2 升牛奶。/在 60-90 天逐渐断奶,使用自动饲喂器自由采食精饲料和饮水。在最初的 28 天内,每周测量一次两组的动物技术参数(体重、胸围、肩高和臀宽),之后每隔 15 天测量一次,直至断奶。在最初的 28 天内,每周采集一次血液样本。本研究评估的代谢参数包括总钙、β-羟基丁酸(BHBA)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)和葡萄糖。每天监测动物是否出现腹泻和呼吸道症状等临床症状。CSG 92% 的动物发病率高于 ISG 74% 的动物(P0.05)。ISG的葡萄糖、FFA和BHBA浓度更高(P<0.05),CSG的总钙更高(P<0.05)。最后,CSG 的体重和胸围高于 ISG,而 ISG 的身高和臀宽高于 CSG(p<0.05)。总之,在使用自动喂料机的集体饲养系统中饲养的动物,虽然支气管肺炎的发病率较高,但腹泻较少,血清钙增加,动物技术发育也有所改善。
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引用次数: 0
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