Abstract. The southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.), occurs worldwide and can transmit disease-causing organisms in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., and other high-value commodities. Variable coloration in adults has long been known, with the common “entirely green” color morph occurring throughout its known range, including Central Texas in the United States. A female adult N. viridula with dorsal yellow coloration along the anterior margins of the lobes, anterior margin of pronotum, and connexivum was collected in Central Texas. This color pattern aligns with a different color morph - N. viridula type F – and this report constitutes the first record of this color morph in the United States. To date, adults of the species have been detected in 16 different forms/coloration. Also, this report reconciles some inconsistencies in earlier reports to clarify distribution of N. viridula type F. This information should prove useful to growers who might encounter this color morph and to researchers and taxonomists specializing in the biology and ecology of N. viridula. Resumen. La chinche verde sureña, Nezara viridula (L.), se encuentra en todo el mundo y puede transmitir organismos patógenos a el algodón, Gossypium hirsutum L., y otros productos agrícolas de alto valor. La coloración variable en los adultos se conoce desde hace mucho tiempo, y la coloración común “completamente verde” ocurre en toda su área de distribución conocida, incluido el centro de Texas en los Estados Unidos. En esta región se recolectó una hembra adulta de N. viridula con coloración dorsal amarilla a lo largo de los márgenes anteriores de los lóbulos, el margen anterior del pronoto y el connexivum. Este patrón de color coincide con una morfología de color diferente al verde normal, N. viridula tipo F, y este informe constituye el primer registro de esta morfología de color en los Estados Unidos. Hasta la fecha, se han detectado adultos de N. viridula en 16 formas/coloraciones diferentes. Además, este informe aclara algunas inconsistencias en los reportes anteriores respecto a la distribución de N. viridula tipo F. Esta información debe resultar útil para los productores que puedan encontrar esta morfología de color y para los investigadores y taxónomos especializados en la biología y ecología de N. viridula.
{"title":"First Record of Nezara viridula (L.) Type F Color Morph in the United States","authors":"J. F. Esquivel","doi":"10.3958/059.048.0403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3958/059.048.0403","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.), occurs worldwide and can transmit disease-causing organisms in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., and other high-value commodities. Variable coloration in adults has long been known, with the common “entirely green” color morph occurring throughout its known range, including Central Texas in the United States. A female adult N. viridula with dorsal yellow coloration along the anterior margins of the lobes, anterior margin of pronotum, and connexivum was collected in Central Texas. This color pattern aligns with a different color morph - N. viridula type F – and this report constitutes the first record of this color morph in the United States. To date, adults of the species have been detected in 16 different forms/coloration. Also, this report reconciles some inconsistencies in earlier reports to clarify distribution of N. viridula type F. This information should prove useful to growers who might encounter this color morph and to researchers and taxonomists specializing in the biology and ecology of N. viridula. Resumen. La chinche verde sureña, Nezara viridula (L.), se encuentra en todo el mundo y puede transmitir organismos patógenos a el algodón, Gossypium hirsutum L., y otros productos agrícolas de alto valor. La coloración variable en los adultos se conoce desde hace mucho tiempo, y la coloración común “completamente verde” ocurre en toda su área de distribución conocida, incluido el centro de Texas en los Estados Unidos. En esta región se recolectó una hembra adulta de N. viridula con coloración dorsal amarilla a lo largo de los márgenes anteriores de los lóbulos, el margen anterior del pronoto y el connexivum. Este patrón de color coincide con una morfología de color diferente al verde normal, N. viridula tipo F, y este informe constituye el primer registro de esta morfología de color en los Estados Unidos. Hasta la fecha, se han detectado adultos de N. viridula en 16 formas/coloraciones diferentes. Además, este informe aclara algunas inconsistencias en los reportes anteriores respecto a la distribución de N. viridula tipo F. Esta información debe resultar útil para los productores que puedan encontrar esta morfología de color y para los investigadores y taxónomos especializados en la biología y ecología de N. viridula.","PeriodicalId":21930,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Entomologist","volume":"46 1","pages":"781 - 790"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138974856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ariadna Rodríguez-Castro, Guadalupe del Carmen-Reyes Solís, M. G. Maldonado-Blanco, Ma. Guadalupe Rojas-Verde
Abstract. Aedes aegypti Linnaeus is a vector of viral diseases such as yellow fever, classical and haemorrhagic Dengue fever, Chikungunya, and Zika fever that was declared an international health emergency by the WHO in the summer of 2016. An alternative for larval control is use of microbial insecticides based on Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti). In this work were prepared three formulations based on this bacterium using biodegradable polymers such as pectin, acacia gum, and mixtures of them tested in a laboratory against two third-instar Ae. aegypti larval populations and compared with a commercial product. The results showed 71-72% of the sensitive New Orleans Aedes aegypti strain were dead the first day post-application, by Bti-acacia gum (F2 Bti-Gac) and Bti-acacia gum-pectin (F3 Bti-G-Pec) formulations, while commercial formulation Bactimos® Briquets (F5 Bac) killed significantly the most (91.18%). For Day 7 post-application, formulations of acacia gum (F2 Bti-Gac) and Bti-acacia gum-pectin (F3 Bti-G-Pec) and Bactimos® Briquets (F5 Bac) killed significantly similar numbers of mosquitoes, about 80%, while the two pectin formulations, recent (F1 Bti-Pec) and old (F4 Bti-Pec-Ant), killed only 33-34%. For the application test of the formulations on the Juan Pablo Lirios larval population (from urban sites), formulations of recent pectin (F1 Bti-Pec) and from years ago (F4 Bti-Pec-Ant) did not show any effect on mortality of A. aegypti larvae on the 1st day after application, opposite formulation with acacia gum (F2 Bti-Gac) that killed most, about 50% the first day post-application, while Bactimos® Briquets killed 37%. However, numbers killed decreased notably the following sampling days for both Bti formulations and commercial product. Resumen. Aedes aegypti Linnaeus (Díptera: Culicidae) es un vector de enfermedades virales como la fiebre amarilla, Dengue clásico y Dengue hemorrágico, Chikungunya, y Zika, la cual fue declarada en el verano del 2016 como una emergencia de salud internacional por la OMS. Una alternativa para control larval es el uso de insecticidas microbianos a base de Bacillus thuringiensis var. Israelensis (Bti). En este trabajo se prepararon 3 formulaciones a base de esta bacteria, usando polímeros tales como pectina, goma acacia y mezclas de estos, los cuales fueron probados en laboratorio contra dos poblaciones larvales de Aedes aegypti de tercer estadío tardío y comparadas con un producto comercial. Los resultados encontrados mostraron que la cepa sensitiva New Orleans de A. aegypti, el primer día postaplicación presentó mortalidad de 71-72% causada por las formulaciones Bti-goma acacia y Bti-goma acacia-pectina, mientras que el Bactimos® Briquets causó alrededor de 90% de mortalidad. Para el día 7 postaplicación, tanto las formulaciones de Bti-goma acacia, Bti-goma acacia-pectina y Bactimos® Briquets mostraron significativamente similar mortalidad, cercana al 80%, en tanto las formulaciones de pectina recien
{"title":"Biopolymer Microencapsulation of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis Tested against Two Populations of Aedes aegypti Larvae","authors":"Ariadna Rodríguez-Castro, Guadalupe del Carmen-Reyes Solís, M. G. Maldonado-Blanco, Ma. Guadalupe Rojas-Verde","doi":"10.3958/059.048.0409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3958/059.048.0409","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Aedes aegypti Linnaeus is a vector of viral diseases such as yellow fever, classical and haemorrhagic Dengue fever, Chikungunya, and Zika fever that was declared an international health emergency by the WHO in the summer of 2016. An alternative for larval control is use of microbial insecticides based on Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti). In this work were prepared three formulations based on this bacterium using biodegradable polymers such as pectin, acacia gum, and mixtures of them tested in a laboratory against two third-instar Ae. aegypti larval populations and compared with a commercial product. The results showed 71-72% of the sensitive New Orleans Aedes aegypti strain were dead the first day post-application, by Bti-acacia gum (F2 Bti-Gac) and Bti-acacia gum-pectin (F3 Bti-G-Pec) formulations, while commercial formulation Bactimos® Briquets (F5 Bac) killed significantly the most (91.18%). For Day 7 post-application, formulations of acacia gum (F2 Bti-Gac) and Bti-acacia gum-pectin (F3 Bti-G-Pec) and Bactimos® Briquets (F5 Bac) killed significantly similar numbers of mosquitoes, about 80%, while the two pectin formulations, recent (F1 Bti-Pec) and old (F4 Bti-Pec-Ant), killed only 33-34%. For the application test of the formulations on the Juan Pablo Lirios larval population (from urban sites), formulations of recent pectin (F1 Bti-Pec) and from years ago (F4 Bti-Pec-Ant) did not show any effect on mortality of A. aegypti larvae on the 1st day after application, opposite formulation with acacia gum (F2 Bti-Gac) that killed most, about 50% the first day post-application, while Bactimos® Briquets killed 37%. However, numbers killed decreased notably the following sampling days for both Bti formulations and commercial product. Resumen. Aedes aegypti Linnaeus (Díptera: Culicidae) es un vector de enfermedades virales como la fiebre amarilla, Dengue clásico y Dengue hemorrágico, Chikungunya, y Zika, la cual fue declarada en el verano del 2016 como una emergencia de salud internacional por la OMS. Una alternativa para control larval es el uso de insecticidas microbianos a base de Bacillus thuringiensis var. Israelensis (Bti). En este trabajo se prepararon 3 formulaciones a base de esta bacteria, usando polímeros tales como pectina, goma acacia y mezclas de estos, los cuales fueron probados en laboratorio contra dos poblaciones larvales de Aedes aegypti de tercer estadío tardío y comparadas con un producto comercial. Los resultados encontrados mostraron que la cepa sensitiva New Orleans de A. aegypti, el primer día postaplicación presentó mortalidad de 71-72% causada por las formulaciones Bti-goma acacia y Bti-goma acacia-pectina, mientras que el Bactimos® Briquets causó alrededor de 90% de mortalidad. Para el día 7 postaplicación, tanto las formulaciones de Bti-goma acacia, Bti-goma acacia-pectina y Bactimos® Briquets mostraron significativamente similar mortalidad, cercana al 80%, en tanto las formulaciones de pectina recien","PeriodicalId":21930,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Entomologist","volume":"90 1","pages":"869 - 878"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139001597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Víctor M. Carrasco-Baeza, F. Tamayo-Mejía, Jorge E. Ibarra, M. C. D. Rincón-Castro
Abstract. Efficacy of entomopathogens for biological control of pests is frequently enhanced by modifying techniques applied in the field. One variation includes use of mixtures of different agents such as bacteria and viruses. In this report, mixtures of a baculovirus (PlxyNPV) and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, 1915, strain were tested by analyzing their joint-action effectiveness. Because four strains of B. thuringiensis previously showed important amounts of toxin against diamondback moth larvae, Plutella xylostella Linnaeus, 1758, an initial study selected the most toxic among the four strains. LC50s were compared, and strain LBIT-229 was selected (LC50 =170 ng/cm2) to be tested in mixtures with the baculovirus strain once LC50 for the virus was estimated individually (LC50 =425 ng/cm2). Bioassays with a 3:1 mixture of virus and LBIT-229, respectively, were used at laboratory conditions against P. xylostella 2nd-instar larvae. LC50 of the mixture was estimated at 508 ng/cm2, which was compared with the expected (theoretical) value calculated by the Tabashnik formula. According to fiducial limits from LC50 estimated empirically, both agents had an antagonistic effect. A second joint-action test was used, based on the Tammes-Bakuniak graphical method, and found empirical LC50 in the area of antagonism, corroborating the previous result. Simultaneously, a series of experiments was done using the same mixture in a broccoli (Brassica oleracea Linneaus,1753) field, showing statistical differences among all treatments. Most diamondback moth larvae were killed when the virus was tested alone, followed by areas where the LBIT-229 strain was applied alone. Fewest larvae were killed when a mixture of both agents was tested. Antagonism between strains was clear in the laboratory and in the field. Resumen. La eficacia de los agentes entomopatógenos utilizados en el control biológico de insectos plaga, depende de las técnicas aplicadas en el campo, siendo una opción el utilizar mezclas de diferentes agentes, tales como, bacterias y virus. En este trabajo, se probaron mezclas de un baculovirus PlxyNPV y una cepa de Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, 1915, para evaluar su efectividad hacia Plutella xylostella Linnaeus, 1758, al utilizarse de manera conjunta a nivel de laboratorio y campo. Se evaluaron cuatro cepas de B. thuringiensis que mostraron una alta Actividad bioinsecticida contra las larvas de la palomilla dorso de diamante P. xylostella, y se seleccionó a la cepa más tóxica, la cual resultó ser la cepa LBIT-229 (CL50 = 170 ng/cm2), para probarla mezclada con una cepa de baculovirus PlxyNPV, de la cual, también se estimó su CL50 actuando sola sobre esta plaga, obteniéndose un valor de 425 ng/cm2. Primeramente, se realizaron bioensayos bajo condiciones de laboratorio, con larvas de segundo estadío de P. xylostella, utilizando una proporción de 3:1 de la cepa de virus PlxyNPV y de la bacteria LBIT-229, respectivamente. La CL50 de la mezcla se estimó e
{"title":"Antagonism between a Baculovirus and Bacillus thuringiensis against Plutella xyllostella Larvae at Laboratory and Field Conditions","authors":"Víctor M. Carrasco-Baeza, F. Tamayo-Mejía, Jorge E. Ibarra, M. C. D. Rincón-Castro","doi":"10.3958/059.048.0410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3958/059.048.0410","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Efficacy of entomopathogens for biological control of pests is frequently enhanced by modifying techniques applied in the field. One variation includes use of mixtures of different agents such as bacteria and viruses. In this report, mixtures of a baculovirus (PlxyNPV) and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, 1915, strain were tested by analyzing their joint-action effectiveness. Because four strains of B. thuringiensis previously showed important amounts of toxin against diamondback moth larvae, Plutella xylostella Linnaeus, 1758, an initial study selected the most toxic among the four strains. LC50s were compared, and strain LBIT-229 was selected (LC50 =170 ng/cm2) to be tested in mixtures with the baculovirus strain once LC50 for the virus was estimated individually (LC50 =425 ng/cm2). Bioassays with a 3:1 mixture of virus and LBIT-229, respectively, were used at laboratory conditions against P. xylostella 2nd-instar larvae. LC50 of the mixture was estimated at 508 ng/cm2, which was compared with the expected (theoretical) value calculated by the Tabashnik formula. According to fiducial limits from LC50 estimated empirically, both agents had an antagonistic effect. A second joint-action test was used, based on the Tammes-Bakuniak graphical method, and found empirical LC50 in the area of antagonism, corroborating the previous result. Simultaneously, a series of experiments was done using the same mixture in a broccoli (Brassica oleracea Linneaus,1753) field, showing statistical differences among all treatments. Most diamondback moth larvae were killed when the virus was tested alone, followed by areas where the LBIT-229 strain was applied alone. Fewest larvae were killed when a mixture of both agents was tested. Antagonism between strains was clear in the laboratory and in the field. Resumen. La eficacia de los agentes entomopatógenos utilizados en el control biológico de insectos plaga, depende de las técnicas aplicadas en el campo, siendo una opción el utilizar mezclas de diferentes agentes, tales como, bacterias y virus. En este trabajo, se probaron mezclas de un baculovirus PlxyNPV y una cepa de Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, 1915, para evaluar su efectividad hacia Plutella xylostella Linnaeus, 1758, al utilizarse de manera conjunta a nivel de laboratorio y campo. Se evaluaron cuatro cepas de B. thuringiensis que mostraron una alta Actividad bioinsecticida contra las larvas de la palomilla dorso de diamante P. xylostella, y se seleccionó a la cepa más tóxica, la cual resultó ser la cepa LBIT-229 (CL50 = 170 ng/cm2), para probarla mezclada con una cepa de baculovirus PlxyNPV, de la cual, también se estimó su CL50 actuando sola sobre esta plaga, obteniéndose un valor de 425 ng/cm2. Primeramente, se realizaron bioensayos bajo condiciones de laboratorio, con larvas de segundo estadío de P. xylostella, utilizando una proporción de 3:1 de la cepa de virus PlxyNPV y de la bacteria LBIT-229, respectivamente. La CL50 de la mezcla se estimó e","PeriodicalId":21930,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Entomologist","volume":"25 7","pages":"879 - 894"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138972736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. A. López-Urquídez, Miguel Serrano, Thomas Clark, Rogelio Armenta-Chavez, R. Medina-López, Lorena Molina-Cárdenas, C. López-Orona
Abstract. The objective of the research was to determine biodiversity of insects in a maize agroecosystem under commercial production with fall armyworm mating disruption pheromones at Sinaloa, Mexico. Three plots were established in the State of Sinaloa, Mexico, in the most representative maize commercial regions of the state, during the 2019-2020 fall-winter planting cycle. Abundance and frequency of insects, species similarity between treatments, biodiversity of insects, and niche breadth were evaluated. Species richness was greater in pheromone treatment compared to non-pheromone treatment in all the phenological stages. For equitability, the values were higher in the treatment with pheromone in all the phenological stages of the crop, where the greatest values were in the V8 stage (6.67 for the pheromone treatment and 6.16 for non-pheromone treatment). The greatest diversity was with the pheromone treatment in all phenological stages of the crop, with an average 2.91 for the pheromone treatment and 2.77 for the non-pheromone treatment. Of beneficial insects that attack fall armyworm, species with the greatest niche width varied between treatments, although there were species with values between 0.3 and 0.5. This is important for biological control of fall armyworm. The tachinid parasitoid group had the greatest niche breadth that might be interesting for biological control by conservation to focus on these parasitoids. Resumen. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la biodiversidad de insectos en un agroecosistema de maíz bajo producción comercial con feromonas de confusión sexual a gusano cogollero en Sinaloa, México. Se establecieron tres parcelas en el estado de Sinaloa, México, en las regiones comerciales de maíz más representativas del estado, durante el ciclo de siembra otoño-invierno 2019-2020. Se evaluaron la abundancia y frecuencia de insectos, la similitud de especies entre tratamientos, la biodiversidad de insectos y la amplitud de nicho. La riqueza de especies fue mayor en el tratamiento con feromonas en comparación con el tratamiento sin feromonas en todos los estados fenológicos. En cuento a la equitabilidad, los valores fueron mayores en el tratamiento con feromonas en todos los estados fenológicos del cultivo, donde los mayores valores se presentaron en la etapa V8 (6.67 para el tratamiento con feromonas y 6.16 para el tratamiento sin feromonas). La mayor diversidad se presentó con el tratamiento con feromonas en todos los estados fenológicos del cultivo, con un promedio de 2.91 para el tratamiento con feromonas y 2.77 para el tratamiento sin feromonas. De los insectos benéficos que atacan al gusano cogollero, las especies con mayor valor de amplitud de nicho variaron entre tratamientos, aunque hubo especies con valores entre 0.3 y 0.5. Esto es importante para el control biológico del gusano cogollero. El grupo de parasitoides de taquínidos tuvo la mayor amplitud de nicho que puede ser interesante para el control bio
{"title":"Biodiversity of Insects in a Maize Agroecosystem under Commercial Production Conditions with Spodoptera frugiperda Mating Disruption Pheromones at Sinaloa","authors":"G. A. López-Urquídez, Miguel Serrano, Thomas Clark, Rogelio Armenta-Chavez, R. Medina-López, Lorena Molina-Cárdenas, C. López-Orona","doi":"10.3958/059.048.0405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3958/059.048.0405","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The objective of the research was to determine biodiversity of insects in a maize agroecosystem under commercial production with fall armyworm mating disruption pheromones at Sinaloa, Mexico. Three plots were established in the State of Sinaloa, Mexico, in the most representative maize commercial regions of the state, during the 2019-2020 fall-winter planting cycle. Abundance and frequency of insects, species similarity between treatments, biodiversity of insects, and niche breadth were evaluated. Species richness was greater in pheromone treatment compared to non-pheromone treatment in all the phenological stages. For equitability, the values were higher in the treatment with pheromone in all the phenological stages of the crop, where the greatest values were in the V8 stage (6.67 for the pheromone treatment and 6.16 for non-pheromone treatment). The greatest diversity was with the pheromone treatment in all phenological stages of the crop, with an average 2.91 for the pheromone treatment and 2.77 for the non-pheromone treatment. Of beneficial insects that attack fall armyworm, species with the greatest niche width varied between treatments, although there were species with values between 0.3 and 0.5. This is important for biological control of fall armyworm. The tachinid parasitoid group had the greatest niche breadth that might be interesting for biological control by conservation to focus on these parasitoids. Resumen. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la biodiversidad de insectos en un agroecosistema de maíz bajo producción comercial con feromonas de confusión sexual a gusano cogollero en Sinaloa, México. Se establecieron tres parcelas en el estado de Sinaloa, México, en las regiones comerciales de maíz más representativas del estado, durante el ciclo de siembra otoño-invierno 2019-2020. Se evaluaron la abundancia y frecuencia de insectos, la similitud de especies entre tratamientos, la biodiversidad de insectos y la amplitud de nicho. La riqueza de especies fue mayor en el tratamiento con feromonas en comparación con el tratamiento sin feromonas en todos los estados fenológicos. En cuento a la equitabilidad, los valores fueron mayores en el tratamiento con feromonas en todos los estados fenológicos del cultivo, donde los mayores valores se presentaron en la etapa V8 (6.67 para el tratamiento con feromonas y 6.16 para el tratamiento sin feromonas). La mayor diversidad se presentó con el tratamiento con feromonas en todos los estados fenológicos del cultivo, con un promedio de 2.91 para el tratamiento con feromonas y 2.77 para el tratamiento sin feromonas. De los insectos benéficos que atacan al gusano cogollero, las especies con mayor valor de amplitud de nicho variaron entre tratamientos, aunque hubo especies con valores entre 0.3 y 0.5. Esto es importante para el control biológico del gusano cogollero. El grupo de parasitoides de taquínidos tuvo la mayor amplitud de nicho que puede ser interesante para el control bio","PeriodicalId":21930,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Entomologist","volume":"1996 8","pages":"805 - 816"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138973880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Filiberto Martínez-Lara, M. Vázquez-Sauceda, Haidel Vargas-Madríz, J. V. Horta-Vega, O. J. González-Gaona, Ausencio Azuara-Domínguez
Abstract. Rhyssomatus nigerrimus Fahraeus, 1837 (Curculionidae: Molytinae: Cleogonini) causes economic loss in soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr.) in Mexico. Because of this, it is convenient to know where it survives without a host and essential to know when it arrives in the crop. This work documented the distribution of larvae, pupae, and adults in the soil. It also documented the emergence period of adults in the soybean-producing area of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Larvae, pupae, and adults were sampled at 10, 20, and 30 cm from the soil surface in three soybean farms. Adults also were recorded when they emerged from the ground in 2 x 2 x 1 m emergence traps at the sites. Larvae, pupae, and adults of R. nigerrimus were at 10, 20, and 30 cm from the soil surface. Many pupae and adults were recorded at 10 cm. In the soil, pupae were found from February to May, larvae from January to March, and adults from March to November. Adults emerged from the soil from June to November. Based on results, the weevil R. nigerrimus has a single generation per year and two development phases: an active one that occurs in the soybean crop, and a dormant phase in the soil. Resumen. Rhyssomatus nigerrimus Fahraeus, 1837 (Curculionidae: Molytinae: Cleogonini) ocasiona pérdidas económicos en la soya (Glycine max L. Merr.) en México. Debido a esto, es conveniente conocer donde sobrevive en ausencia del hospedero y es fundamental saber cuándo arriba en el cultivo. Por lo anterior, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue documentar la distribución de la larva, pupa y del adulto en el suelo, y registrar el período de emergencia los adultos en la zona productora de soya del estado de Tamaulipas, México. Las larvas, pupas y adultos fueron muestreados a 10, 20 y 30 cm de la superficie del suelo en tres ranchos productores de soya. En estos mismos sitios, los adultos fueron registrados al emerger del suelo con la ayuda de trampas de emergencia de 2 x 2 x 1 m. La larva, pupa y el adulto de R. nigerrimus se registraron a 10, 20 y 30 cm de la superficie del suelo. No obstante, las pupas y los adultos fueron registrados en mayor cantidad a 10 cm. En el suelo, la pupa fue registrada de febrero a mayo, la larva de enero a marzo y el adulto de marzo a noviembre. Los adultos emergieron del suelo de junio a noviembre. Con base en el resultado obtenido se puede decir que el picudo R. nigerrimus tiene una sola generación por año y dos fases de desarrollo: una activa, que ocurre en presencia del cultivo de soya, y otra latente o en dormancia, que ocurre en el suelo.
摘要。Rhyssomatus nigerrimus Fahraeus, 1837 (Curculionidae: Molytinae: Cleogonini) 会给墨西哥的大豆（Glycine max L. Merr.）造成经济损失。因此，了解它在没有寄主的情况下生存的地点很方便，了解它何时到达作物中也很重要。这项工作记录了幼虫、蛹和成虫在土壤中的分布情况。它还记录了成虫在墨西哥塔毛利帕斯大豆产区的出现期。在三个大豆农场中，分别在距离土壤表面 10、20 和 30 厘米处采集了幼虫、蛹和成虫样本。成虫从地表钻出时，也在 2 x 2 x 1 米的钻出诱捕器中进行记录。R. nigerrimus 的幼虫、蛹和成虫出现在距离土壤表面 10、20 和 30 厘米处。在 10 厘米处记录到许多蛹和成虫。在土壤中，2 月至 5 月发现蛹，1 月至 3 月发现幼虫，3 月至 11 月发现成虫。成虫从 6 月到 11 月出现在土壤中。根据研究结果，象鼻虫 R. nigerrimus 每年只有一个世代，有两个发育阶段：在大豆作物中的活跃期和在土壤中的休眠期。总结。Rhyssomatus nigerrimus Fahraeus, 1837 (Curculionidae: Molytinae: Cleogonini) 会给墨西哥的大豆（Glycine max L. Merr.）造成经济损失。因此，在没有寄主的情况下，很容易知道它在哪里生存，而知道它何时到达作物中则至关重要。因此，本研究的目的是记录墨西哥塔毛利帕斯州大豆产区幼虫、蛹和成虫在土壤中的分布情况，并记录成虫的出现期。在三个大豆农场的土壤表面 10、20 和 30 厘米处分别采集了幼虫、蛹和成虫样本。在同样的地点，使用 2 x 2 x 1 米出土诱捕器记录成虫出土情况。在距离土壤表面 10、20 和 30 厘米处记录了 R. nigerrimus 的幼虫、蛹和成虫。但在 10 厘米处记录到的蛹和成虫数量较多。在土壤中，2 月至 5 月记录到蛹，1 月至 3 月记录到幼虫，3 月至 11 月记录到成虫。成虫从 6 月到 11 月出现在土壤中。根据所获得的结果，可以说象鼻虫每年只有一个世代，有两个发育阶段：在大豆作物中出现的活动期和在土壤中出现的休眠期。
{"title":"Subterranean Distribution and Seasonal Emergence from Soil of Adults of Rhyssomatus nigerrimus Fahraeus, 1837","authors":"Filiberto Martínez-Lara, M. Vázquez-Sauceda, Haidel Vargas-Madríz, J. V. Horta-Vega, O. J. González-Gaona, Ausencio Azuara-Domínguez","doi":"10.3958/059.048.0406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3958/059.048.0406","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Rhyssomatus nigerrimus Fahraeus, 1837 (Curculionidae: Molytinae: Cleogonini) causes economic loss in soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr.) in Mexico. Because of this, it is convenient to know where it survives without a host and essential to know when it arrives in the crop. This work documented the distribution of larvae, pupae, and adults in the soil. It also documented the emergence period of adults in the soybean-producing area of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Larvae, pupae, and adults were sampled at 10, 20, and 30 cm from the soil surface in three soybean farms. Adults also were recorded when they emerged from the ground in 2 x 2 x 1 m emergence traps at the sites. Larvae, pupae, and adults of R. nigerrimus were at 10, 20, and 30 cm from the soil surface. Many pupae and adults were recorded at 10 cm. In the soil, pupae were found from February to May, larvae from January to March, and adults from March to November. Adults emerged from the soil from June to November. Based on results, the weevil R. nigerrimus has a single generation per year and two development phases: an active one that occurs in the soybean crop, and a dormant phase in the soil. Resumen. Rhyssomatus nigerrimus Fahraeus, 1837 (Curculionidae: Molytinae: Cleogonini) ocasiona pérdidas económicos en la soya (Glycine max L. Merr.) en México. Debido a esto, es conveniente conocer donde sobrevive en ausencia del hospedero y es fundamental saber cuándo arriba en el cultivo. Por lo anterior, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue documentar la distribución de la larva, pupa y del adulto en el suelo, y registrar el período de emergencia los adultos en la zona productora de soya del estado de Tamaulipas, México. Las larvas, pupas y adultos fueron muestreados a 10, 20 y 30 cm de la superficie del suelo en tres ranchos productores de soya. En estos mismos sitios, los adultos fueron registrados al emerger del suelo con la ayuda de trampas de emergencia de 2 x 2 x 1 m. La larva, pupa y el adulto de R. nigerrimus se registraron a 10, 20 y 30 cm de la superficie del suelo. No obstante, las pupas y los adultos fueron registrados en mayor cantidad a 10 cm. En el suelo, la pupa fue registrada de febrero a mayo, la larva de enero a marzo y el adulto de marzo a noviembre. Los adultos emergieron del suelo de junio a noviembre. Con base en el resultado obtenido se puede decir que el picudo R. nigerrimus tiene una sola generación por año y dos fases de desarrollo: una activa, que ocurre en presencia del cultivo de soya, y otra latente o en dormancia, que ocurre en el suelo.","PeriodicalId":21930,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Entomologist","volume":"385 3","pages":"817 - 824"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138974201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ricardo Hernández Pérez, Mario Alberto Miranda Salcedo, E. M. Cotoc-Roldán, Gilberto Ríos Vargas
Abstract. CeraTrap®, an innovative attractant marketed for more than 15 years as a unique alternative for monitoring and surveillance in pest management programs was compared for its efficacy (up to 94%), economy (reprimed 1.5 to 2 months), and ecological management with various attractants to capture or eliminate fruit flies in different crops in the field, with special attraction on females. This review includes controversial aspects explained by researchers who agree on usefulness of the attractant in sustainable and eco-friendly agriculture with the environment, emphasized attraction improved when yellow or white traps were used. Mass control and economy in field systems had more impact (FTD = 0.5-0.7%) using polyethylene terephthalate (PET) traps. Resumen. CeraTrap®, un atrayente innovador comercializado desde hace más de 15 años como una alternativa única para el monitoreo y vigilancia en programas de manejo de plagas, fue comparado por su eficacia (hasta 94%), economía (recebado en 1,5 a 2 meses) y manejo ecológico con diversos atrayentes para capturar o eliminar moscas de la fruta en diferentes cultivos en campo, con especial atracción sobre las hembras. Esta revisión incluye aspectos controvertidos explicados por investigadores que coinciden en la utilidad del atrayente en una agricultura sostenible y respetuosa con el medio ambiente, enfatizando que la atracción mejoraba cuando se utilizaban trampas amarillas o blancas. El control masivo y la economía en los sistemas de campo tuvieron mayor impacto (MTD = 0,5-0,7%) utilizando trampas de tereftalato de polietileno (PET).
{"title":"Ecological Attractant CeraTrap® to Monitor and Control Fruit Flies","authors":"Ricardo Hernández Pérez, Mario Alberto Miranda Salcedo, E. M. Cotoc-Roldán, Gilberto Ríos Vargas","doi":"10.3958/059.048.0407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3958/059.048.0407","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. CeraTrap®, an innovative attractant marketed for more than 15 years as a unique alternative for monitoring and surveillance in pest management programs was compared for its efficacy (up to 94%), economy (reprimed 1.5 to 2 months), and ecological management with various attractants to capture or eliminate fruit flies in different crops in the field, with special attraction on females. This review includes controversial aspects explained by researchers who agree on usefulness of the attractant in sustainable and eco-friendly agriculture with the environment, emphasized attraction improved when yellow or white traps were used. Mass control and economy in field systems had more impact (FTD = 0.5-0.7%) using polyethylene terephthalate (PET) traps. Resumen. CeraTrap®, un atrayente innovador comercializado desde hace más de 15 años como una alternativa única para el monitoreo y vigilancia en programas de manejo de plagas, fue comparado por su eficacia (hasta 94%), economía (recebado en 1,5 a 2 meses) y manejo ecológico con diversos atrayentes para capturar o eliminar moscas de la fruta en diferentes cultivos en campo, con especial atracción sobre las hembras. Esta revisión incluye aspectos controvertidos explicados por investigadores que coinciden en la utilidad del atrayente en una agricultura sostenible y respetuosa con el medio ambiente, enfatizando que la atracción mejoraba cuando se utilizaban trampas amarillas o blancas. El control masivo y la economía en los sistemas de campo tuvieron mayor impacto (MTD = 0,5-0,7%) utilizando trampas de tereftalato de polietileno (PET).","PeriodicalId":21930,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Entomologist","volume":"309 3","pages":"825 - 852"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138974208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hermelindo Hernández-Torres, F. A. Paredes-Sánchez, J. ROMERO-NÁPOLES, Raúl Rodríguez-Herrera, Joel Ávila-Valdez
Abstract. Three sugarcane borer species at three locations in the South-central region of Tamaulipas State, Mexico, were identified by sequencing the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene, two species of Pyralidae Latreille, 1802: Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius, 1794 and D. considerata Heinrich, 1931 and one species from Crambidae Latreille, 1810, Eoreuma loftini Dyar, 1917. The nucleotide sequences in GenBank had similarity with D. saccharalis of 95%, D. considerata of 95%, and E. loftini of 96%. Maximum-likelihood analysis showed the proximity of D. saccharalis was 98%, D. considerata 99.5%, and E. loftini 99.5% to those in GenBank, which provides greater precision for identifying the specimens. D. considerata is reported for the first time in the South-central region of Tamaulipas State, Mexico using sequencing of its genome. Resumen. Se identificaron tres especies de barrenador de la caña de azúcar en tres localidades de la región centro-sur del estado de Tamaulipas, México, mediante la secuenciación del gen mitocondrial de la subunidad 1 de la citocromo oxidasa (COI), dos especies de Pyralidae Latreille, 1802: Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius, 1974 y D. considerata Heinrich, 1931 y una especie de Crambidae Latreille, 1810, Eoreuma loftini Dyar, 1917. Las secuencias de nucleótidos en GenBank tuvieron similitud con D. saccharalis del 95%, D. considerata del 95%, y E. loftini del 96%. El análisis de máxima verosimilitud mostró que la proximidad de D. saccharalis fue del 98%, D. considerata del 99.5%, y E. loftini del 99.5% con los datos del GenBank, lo que proporciona mayor precisión para identificar los ejemplares. Se reporta por primera vez a D. considerata para la región centro-sur del estado de Tamaulipas, México mediante la secuenciación de su genoma.
摘要通过线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚单位 1（COI）基因测序，鉴定了墨西哥塔毛利帕斯州中南部三个地区的三个甘蔗螟种，其中两个是 Pyralidae Latreille, 1802 的种：Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius, 1794 和 D. considerata Heinrich, 1931，一个是 Crambidae Latreille, 1810 的种：Eoreuma loftini Dyar, 1917。GenBank 中的核苷酸序列与 D. saccharalis 的相似度为 95%，与 D. considerata 的相似度为 95%，与 E. loftini 的相似度为 96%。最大似然法分析表明，D. saccharalis与GenBank中的序列相似度为98%，D. considerata为99.5%，E. loftini为99.5%，这为鉴定标本提供了更高的精确度。通过对 D. considerata 的基因组测序，首次报告了其在墨西哥塔毛利帕斯州中南部地区的分布情况。总结。通过对线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚单位 1（COI）基因进行测序，在墨西哥塔毛利帕斯州中南部地区的三个地方鉴定了三种甘蔗螟虫，其中两种为 Pyralidae Latreille, 1802：Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius, 1974 和 D. considerata Heinrich, 1931，一种为 Crambidae Latreille, 1810：Eoreuma loftini Dyar, 1917。GenBank 中的核苷酸序列与 D. saccharalis 的相似度为 95%，与 D. considerata 的相似度为 95%，与 E. loftini 的相似度为 96%。最大似然法分析表明，与 GenBank 数据相比，D. saccharalis 的相似度为 98%，D. considerata 为 99.5%，E. loftini 为 99.5%，这为鉴定标本提供了更高的准确性。通过基因组测序，首次报告了墨西哥塔毛利帕斯州中南部地区的 D. considerata。
{"title":"Molecular Identification of Sugarcane Borers Based on Cytochrome Oxidase I in South-Central Region of Tamaulipas, México","authors":"Hermelindo Hernández-Torres, F. A. Paredes-Sánchez, J. ROMERO-NÁPOLES, Raúl Rodríguez-Herrera, Joel Ávila-Valdez","doi":"10.3958/059.048.0416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3958/059.048.0416","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Three sugarcane borer species at three locations in the South-central region of Tamaulipas State, Mexico, were identified by sequencing the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene, two species of Pyralidae Latreille, 1802: Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius, 1794 and D. considerata Heinrich, 1931 and one species from Crambidae Latreille, 1810, Eoreuma loftini Dyar, 1917. The nucleotide sequences in GenBank had similarity with D. saccharalis of 95%, D. considerata of 95%, and E. loftini of 96%. Maximum-likelihood analysis showed the proximity of D. saccharalis was 98%, D. considerata 99.5%, and E. loftini 99.5% to those in GenBank, which provides greater precision for identifying the specimens. D. considerata is reported for the first time in the South-central region of Tamaulipas State, Mexico using sequencing of its genome. Resumen. Se identificaron tres especies de barrenador de la caña de azúcar en tres localidades de la región centro-sur del estado de Tamaulipas, México, mediante la secuenciación del gen mitocondrial de la subunidad 1 de la citocromo oxidasa (COI), dos especies de Pyralidae Latreille, 1802: Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius, 1974 y D. considerata Heinrich, 1931 y una especie de Crambidae Latreille, 1810, Eoreuma loftini Dyar, 1917. Las secuencias de nucleótidos en GenBank tuvieron similitud con D. saccharalis del 95%, D. considerata del 95%, y E. loftini del 96%. El análisis de máxima verosimilitud mostró que la proximidad de D. saccharalis fue del 98%, D. considerata del 99.5%, y E. loftini del 99.5% con los datos del GenBank, lo que proporciona mayor precisión para identificar los ejemplares. Se reporta por primera vez a D. considerata para la región centro-sur del estado de Tamaulipas, México mediante la secuenciación de su genoma.","PeriodicalId":21930,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Entomologist","volume":"41 1","pages":"939 - 950"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139001600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Pérez-González, P. Tamez-guerra, Servando Horacio Cantú Bernal, Alonso Alberto OrozcoFlores, César Iván Romo Sáenz, V. E. Aguirre-Arzola
Abstract. In Mexico, Huanglongbing infection caused 42 and 33% decreases in orange and lemon production, respectively. Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), is a vector of Candidatus Liberibacter bacterium that causes the disease. Commercial orchards were searched to identify entomopathogenic fungi of D. citri in the citrus zone of Huasteca Potosina, San Luis Potosi, and Llera, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Entomopathogenic fungi associated with Asian citrus psyllid adults are in three genera: Hirsutella citriformis (88%), Beauveria bassiana (2%), and Sporothrix insectorum (10%). This is the first report of Sporothrix insectorum parasitizing H. citriformis in México. Resumen. En México, el Huanglongbing ha causado pérdidas en la producción de naranja y limón del 42 y 33% respectivamente. El psílido asiático de los cítricos Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemíptera: Liviidae), es el vector de la bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter causante de la enfermedad. En huertos comerciales de la zona citrícola de la Huasteca Potosina, San Luis Potosí y Llera, Tamaulipas, México se realizaron búsquedas de los hongos entomopatógenos presentes en D. citri. Encontramos tres géneros en el psílido, Hirsutella citriformis (88%), Beauveria bassiana (2%), y Sporothrix insectorum (10%). Este es el primer reporte de Sporothrix insectorum parasitando a H. citriformis en México.
{"title":"Mycoparasitic Sporothrix insectorum on Entomopathogenic Fungus Hirsutella citriformis on Diaphorina citri at Huasteca Potosina and Llera, Mexico","authors":"O. Pérez-González, P. Tamez-guerra, Servando Horacio Cantú Bernal, Alonso Alberto OrozcoFlores, César Iván Romo Sáenz, V. E. Aguirre-Arzola","doi":"10.3958/059.048.0412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3958/059.048.0412","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In Mexico, Huanglongbing infection caused 42 and 33% decreases in orange and lemon production, respectively. Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), is a vector of Candidatus Liberibacter bacterium that causes the disease. Commercial orchards were searched to identify entomopathogenic fungi of D. citri in the citrus zone of Huasteca Potosina, San Luis Potosi, and Llera, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Entomopathogenic fungi associated with Asian citrus psyllid adults are in three genera: Hirsutella citriformis (88%), Beauveria bassiana (2%), and Sporothrix insectorum (10%). This is the first report of Sporothrix insectorum parasitizing H. citriformis in México. Resumen. En México, el Huanglongbing ha causado pérdidas en la producción de naranja y limón del 42 y 33% respectivamente. El psílido asiático de los cítricos Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemíptera: Liviidae), es el vector de la bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter causante de la enfermedad. En huertos comerciales de la zona citrícola de la Huasteca Potosina, San Luis Potosí y Llera, Tamaulipas, México se realizaron búsquedas de los hongos entomopatógenos presentes en D. citri. Encontramos tres géneros en el psílido, Hirsutella citriformis (88%), Beauveria bassiana (2%), y Sporothrix insectorum (10%). Este es el primer reporte de Sporothrix insectorum parasitando a H. citriformis en México.","PeriodicalId":21930,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Entomologist","volume":"27 1","pages":"903 - 908"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139001913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raven S. Allison, Charles P Suh, Steven Hague, David L. Kerns
Abstract. Currently, insecticide applications and genetically-modified plants expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins are the primary means for managing insect pests in cotton, but many of the pests have developed resistance to Bt proteins and insecticides. Thus, host plant resistance may be a viable solution to help prevent significant yield losses. Tri-species cotton hybrids consisting of either Gossypium hirsutum L., G. arboreum, and G. armouranium, or G. hirsutum, G. arboreum, and G. turneri have been reported to produce β-caryophyllene derivatives (12-hydroxy-β-caryophyllene and hydroxy-β-caryophyllene acetate) and have demonstrated resistance to nematodes, drought, and heat stress. Yet, there is lack of evidence whether these hybrids affect cotton insect pests. A series of field, greenhouse, and laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the impact a tri-species cotton hybrid expressing β-caryophyllene or its alcohol and acetate derivatives, have on cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover. Although inconclusive in field trials, greenhouse choice test revealed the tri-species hybrid cotton had less colonization and fewer alate cotton aphids than G. hirsutum. Furthermore, in a cotton aphid reproduction study, the intrinsic rate of increase and finite rate of increase were lower for aphids feeding on the tri-species hybrid plants expressing β-caryophyllene or its alcohol derivative compared with G. hirsutum. Results suggest that the tri-species cotton hybrid, especially those capable of expressing the β-caryophyllene alcohol derivative, negatively impacts cotton aphid population development.
摘要目前，施用杀虫剂和表达苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bt）毒素的转基因植物是治理棉花害虫的主要手段，但许多害虫已对 Bt 蛋白和杀虫剂产生抗性。因此，寄主植物的抗性可能是一个可行的解决方案，有助于防止重大的产量损失。据报道，由 Gossypium hirsutum L.、G. arboreum 和 G. armouranium 或 G. hirsutum、G. arboreum 和 G. turneri 组成的三品种棉花杂交种可产生 β-石竹烯衍生物（12-羟基-β-石竹烯和羟基-β-石竹烯乙酸酯），并表现出对线虫、干旱和热胁迫的抗性。然而，这些杂交种是否会影响棉花害虫却缺乏证据。我们进行了一系列田间、温室和实验室实验，以评估表达 β-石竹烯或其乙醇和乙酸衍生物的三品种棉花杂交种对棉蚜 Aphis gossypii Glover 的影响。尽管在田间试验中没有得出结论，但温室选择试验显示，三品种杂交棉的棉蚜定殖率和绵蚜数量均低于 G. hirsutum。此外，在一项棉蚜繁殖研究中，与 G. hirsutum 相比，取食表达 β-石竹烯或其醇衍生物的三品种杂交棉植株的蚜虫的内在增长率和有限增长率都较低。结果表明，三品种棉花杂交种，尤其是能够表达β-石竹烯醇衍生物的杂交种，会对棉蚜种群的发展产生负面影响。
{"title":"The Effect of Beta-Caryophyllene Derivatives in a Tri-Species Cotton Hybrid on Cotton Aphid Infestation and Population Growth Potential","authors":"Raven S. Allison, Charles P Suh, Steven Hague, David L. Kerns","doi":"10.3958/059.048.0402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3958/059.048.0402","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Currently, insecticide applications and genetically-modified plants expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins are the primary means for managing insect pests in cotton, but many of the pests have developed resistance to Bt proteins and insecticides. Thus, host plant resistance may be a viable solution to help prevent significant yield losses. Tri-species cotton hybrids consisting of either Gossypium hirsutum L., G. arboreum, and G. armouranium, or G. hirsutum, G. arboreum, and G. turneri have been reported to produce β-caryophyllene derivatives (12-hydroxy-β-caryophyllene and hydroxy-β-caryophyllene acetate) and have demonstrated resistance to nematodes, drought, and heat stress. Yet, there is lack of evidence whether these hybrids affect cotton insect pests. A series of field, greenhouse, and laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the impact a tri-species cotton hybrid expressing β-caryophyllene or its alcohol and acetate derivatives, have on cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover. Although inconclusive in field trials, greenhouse choice test revealed the tri-species hybrid cotton had less colonization and fewer alate cotton aphids than G. hirsutum. Furthermore, in a cotton aphid reproduction study, the intrinsic rate of increase and finite rate of increase were lower for aphids feeding on the tri-species hybrid plants expressing β-caryophyllene or its alcohol derivative compared with G. hirsutum. Results suggest that the tri-species cotton hybrid, especially those capable of expressing the β-caryophyllene alcohol derivative, negatively impacts cotton aphid population development.","PeriodicalId":21930,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Entomologist","volume":"30 1","pages":"771 - 780"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138972664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos A. Blanco, Gerardo Hernandez, Kevin Conover, G. Dively, U. Nava-Camberos, Maribel Portilla, Craig A. Abel, Paul Williams, William D. Hutchison
Abstract. It is commonly perceived that early defoliation of maize (Zea mays L.) is a significant risk for maximum grain yields. However, several studies designed to assess biotic and abiotic factors that reduce leaf area reported contrasting results. When maize suffers defoliation before developing its seventh leaf (V7 stage), plants can often compensate without impacting grain production. Seventy-five percent of 20 reviewed publications that offer empirical information indicated severe defoliation did not affect maize yield when plants were less than V7. We present field results for six maize hybrids, lines, and a landrace with severe (75%) defoliation one, two, or three times before reaching V7, in Maryland. Results showed that despite multiple, severe defoliation, there were no significant differences in grain yield (P > 0.05). Despite seven amounts of defoliation, yields for each defoliation amount did not differ from yields for intact plants. One early defoliation at V2 significantly produced more grain than did the nondefoliated check (P < 0.05). Results confirm the ability of maize to compensate or over-compensate for vegetative-stage defoliation. Results are also discussed in relation to recent reviews of previous studies. It is imperative to reconsider unnecessary recommendations to apply insecticide against maize defoliators when maize plants have yet to develop the seventh leaf. Resumen. Se considera que la defoliación temprana del maíz (Zea mays L.) disminuye las posibilidades de obtener máximos rendimientos. Sin embargo, estudios diseñados para medir los factores bióticos y abióticos que reducen el área foliar han producido resultados contrastantes. Cuando el maíz es defoliado antes de que desarrolle la séptima hoja (V7), las plantas pueden compensar la pérdida sin impactar el rendimiento. Setenta y cinco por ciento de las publicaciones que proveen información empírica indican que la defoliación severa no afecta el rendimiento cuando las plantas no han llegado a la etapa V7. Presentamos resultados de campo en Maryland, con seis cultivares híbridos, líneas y un criollo a los cuales se les cortó 75% del follaje una, dos y tres veces antes del desarrollo de la séptima hoja. A pesar de la frecuente y alta defoliación en siete diferentes momentos, el rendimiento no disminuyó (P > 0.05). Una sola defoliación en la etapa de la segunda hoja (V2) produjo más grano que el tratamiento sin defoliación (control) (P < 0.05). Estos resultados confirman la capacidad del maíz para compensar y hasta sobre compensar la pérdida severa del follaje en etapas tempranas. Nuestros resultados se discuten haciendo referencia a estudios preliminares. Es imperativo reconsiderar las recomendaciones innecesarias de aplicar insecticida contra defoliadores cuando el maíz no ha llegado a la etapa V7.
{"title":"Severe Defoliation of Vegetative Maize Plants Does Not Reduce Grain Yield: Further Implications with Action Thresholds","authors":"Carlos A. Blanco, Gerardo Hernandez, Kevin Conover, G. Dively, U. Nava-Camberos, Maribel Portilla, Craig A. Abel, Paul Williams, William D. Hutchison","doi":"10.3958/059.048.0404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3958/059.048.0404","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. It is commonly perceived that early defoliation of maize (Zea mays L.) is a significant risk for maximum grain yields. However, several studies designed to assess biotic and abiotic factors that reduce leaf area reported contrasting results. When maize suffers defoliation before developing its seventh leaf (V7 stage), plants can often compensate without impacting grain production. Seventy-five percent of 20 reviewed publications that offer empirical information indicated severe defoliation did not affect maize yield when plants were less than V7. We present field results for six maize hybrids, lines, and a landrace with severe (75%) defoliation one, two, or three times before reaching V7, in Maryland. Results showed that despite multiple, severe defoliation, there were no significant differences in grain yield (P > 0.05). Despite seven amounts of defoliation, yields for each defoliation amount did not differ from yields for intact plants. One early defoliation at V2 significantly produced more grain than did the nondefoliated check (P < 0.05). Results confirm the ability of maize to compensate or over-compensate for vegetative-stage defoliation. Results are also discussed in relation to recent reviews of previous studies. It is imperative to reconsider unnecessary recommendations to apply insecticide against maize defoliators when maize plants have yet to develop the seventh leaf. Resumen. Se considera que la defoliación temprana del maíz (Zea mays L.) disminuye las posibilidades de obtener máximos rendimientos. Sin embargo, estudios diseñados para medir los factores bióticos y abióticos que reducen el área foliar han producido resultados contrastantes. Cuando el maíz es defoliado antes de que desarrolle la séptima hoja (V7), las plantas pueden compensar la pérdida sin impactar el rendimiento. Setenta y cinco por ciento de las publicaciones que proveen información empírica indican que la defoliación severa no afecta el rendimiento cuando las plantas no han llegado a la etapa V7. Presentamos resultados de campo en Maryland, con seis cultivares híbridos, líneas y un criollo a los cuales se les cortó 75% del follaje una, dos y tres veces antes del desarrollo de la séptima hoja. A pesar de la frecuente y alta defoliación en siete diferentes momentos, el rendimiento no disminuyó (P > 0.05). Una sola defoliación en la etapa de la segunda hoja (V2) produjo más grano que el tratamiento sin defoliación (control) (P < 0.05). Estos resultados confirman la capacidad del maíz para compensar y hasta sobre compensar la pérdida severa del follaje en etapas tempranas. Nuestros resultados se discuten haciendo referencia a estudios preliminares. Es imperativo reconsiderar las recomendaciones innecesarias de aplicar insecticida contra defoliadores cuando el maíz no ha llegado a la etapa V7.","PeriodicalId":21930,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Entomologist","volume":"7 4","pages":"791 - 804"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138972056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：