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Worker Reproduction in the Highly Polygynous Ant Crematogaster pygmaea Forel, 1904 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) 高度多雌蚁的工蜂繁殖,1904(膜翅目:蚁科)
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v70i3.7903
Rachid Hamidi, J. de Biseau, Y. Quinet
In most ant species, workers have retained functional ovaries, allowing them to potentially lay viable unfertilized eggs that develop into males. Mechanisms (ex.: queen and/or worker policing) have nevertheless evolved to control worker reproduction when the queen is present. In many species with a high degree of polygyny, especially in tramp species, complete sterility of workers has evolved, presumably to “trap” them within their “worker phenotype”. Our study showed for the first time that in the highly polygynous and polydomous ant Crematogaster pygmaea, workers retained the full capacity to produce reproductive eggs in queenless colonies, with at least some of them developing in adult males. We provide evidence that worker-produced males are reproductively functional. Although most queenless colonies produced eggs, few larvae developed into pupae and adult males. We conclude that workers strongly police the worker-produced offspring, even in the queen's absence. Probable high relatedness between queens of C. pygmaea colonies and strong genetic proximity between brood and workers could force the workers in their helper, non-reproductive function even if they keep the ability to reproduce. Our observations indicate that the production of adult males and gynes in C. pygmaea is controlled by seasonal factors related to the rainy season.
在大多数蚂蚁物种中,工蚁保留了功能性卵巢,使它们有可能产下可存活的未受精卵,并发育成雄性。然而,当女王在场时,机制(例如:女王和/或工人监管)已经进化为控制工人繁殖。在许多具有高度一夫多妻制的物种中,特别是在流浪物种中,已经进化出了工人的完全不育,可能是为了将他们“困”在他们的“工人表型”中。我们的研究首次表明,在高度多配偶和多配偶的Crematoaster pygmaea蚂蚁中,工作人员保留了在无女王群体中生产生殖卵的全部能力,其中至少有一部分在成年雄性中发育。我们提供的证据表明,工人生产的雄性具有生殖功能。尽管大多数无卵群体产卵,但很少有幼虫发育成蛹和成年雄性。我们得出的结论是,即使在女王不在的情况下,工人们也会严格监管工人生产的后代。pygmaea群体的女王之间可能存在高度的亲缘关系,而后代和工人之间的基因接近性很强,这可能会迫使工人发挥辅助性的非生殖功能,即使他们保持繁殖能力。我们的观察结果表明,皮格马线虫成年雄性和雌性的生产受到与雨季相关的季节因素的控制。
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引用次数: 0
Determination of Anatolian Honeybee Biodiversity by Wing Characters 用翅膀特征测定安纳托利亚蜜蜂的生物多样性
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v70i3.8333
M. Kekeçoğlu, Songül Bir, M. K. Acar
In this study, we report that there were five different subspecies and three different ecotypes defined so far in Türkiye, which has a rich biodiversity in terms of honeybee subspecies. However, recently, it has been thought that the current biodiversity is in danger of extinction due to the commercial queen bee supply and the migratory beekeeping activities from a single source. This study uses the morphometric method to reveal the current status of honeybee biodiversity in Türkiye. For this purpose, a total of 3186 worker bees were studied by samplings from 19 different provinces to represent the honeybee races and ecotypes distributed in Türkiye. We made wing preparations and established 19 landmarks on the right forewings using the BAB BsPro200 program. The program automatically obtained the wing’s metrics’ angle, length, and index values via these 19 landmarks. We used Discriminant function analysis to determine intragroup and intergroup variations by taking the colony averages from data obtained from 31 morphological characters. Given the canonical discriminant function analysis and UPGMA dendrogram, Zonguldak, Düzce, Sakarya, Artvin, Ardahan, and Trabzon constituted a group, and Edirne, Kilis, Van, and Isparta formed a separate group. Hakkari, Kahramanmaraş, and Ordu provinces formed a separate line together. On the other hand, the group centers of Kars and Kırklareli, two different ends of Türkiye, overlapped and formed a close line with Isparta. As a result, this study revealed that, although the protection measures taken at the local level effectively protected the honeybee biodiversity, these measures are insufficient.
在这项研究中,我们报告说,到目前为止,土耳其有五个不同的亚种和三个不同的生态型,在蜜蜂亚种方面,土耳其拥有丰富的生物多样性。然而,最近有人认为,由于商业蜂王供应和单一来源的迁徙养蜂活动,目前的生物多样性正面临灭绝的危险。本研究采用形态计量学方法揭示了土耳其蜜蜂生物多样性的现状。为此,对来自19个不同省份的3186只工蜂进行了抽样研究,以代表土耳其分布的蜜蜂种族和生态型。我们使用BAB BsPro200程序进行了机翼准备,并在右前翼建立了19个地标。该程序通过这19个地标自动获得机翼的角度、长度和指标值。我们使用判别函数分析来确定组内和组间变异,方法是从31个形态特征的数据中获得群体平均值。给定正则判别函数分析和UPGMA树状图,Zonguldak、Düzce、Sakarya、Artvin、Ardahan和Trabzon组成一个组,Edirne、Kilis、Van和Isparta组成一个单独的组。哈卡里省、卡拉曼马拉什省和奥尔杜省共同组成了一条单独的线。另一方面,土耳其的两个不同端Kars和Kırklareli的群中心与伊斯帕尔塔重叠并形成了一条紧密的线。因此,这项研究表明,尽管地方一级采取的保护措施有效地保护了蜜蜂的生物多样性,但这些措施是不够的。
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引用次数: 0
On the Description of the Larval Stages of Myrmica inezae Forel, 1902 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae), an Endemic Himalayan Species, with Notes on its Natural History 喜马拉雅特有种蜜蛾(Myrmica inezae Forel, 1902)幼虫期记述及自然史注释(膜翅目:蚁科:蜜蛾科
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v70i3.9977
H. Bharti, M. Bharti, Pawanpreet Kaur, Jaspreet Kaur
Of the known species groups in Myrmica, the M. inezae belong to the inezae-group which is restricted between an altitude range of 1900-3000m in Himalayas. The species in question is a relic of old fauna and closely resembles the primitive ritae-group species. Herein, a detailed description of larval instars of Myrmica inezae Forel, 1902 is provided. Three larval instars are reported in this species. The larvae exhibit pheidoloid body profile which otherwise is pogonomyrmecoid in the larval stages of genus Myrmica Latreille, 1804 reported hitherto. M. inezae differs from the earlier described larval stages of M. rugosa and M. rupestris (rugosa-group) based on number of occipital hairs (six in M. inezae while these are eight in M. hecate and M. rupestris); mandibular teeth (two in M. inezae as compared to one in M. hecate and M. rupestris) and shape of maxilla (conoidal in M. inezae whereas paraboloidal in M. hecate and M. rupestris).
在Myrmica已知的物种群中,M.inezae属于限制在喜马拉雅山脉1900-3000米海拔范围内的inezae群。该物种是古老动物群的遗迹,与原始的ritae群物种非常相似。在此,提供了对Myrmica inezae Forel,1902幼虫龄的详细描述。据报道,该物种有三个幼虫龄。迄今为止,1804年报道的Myrmica Latreille属幼虫阶段的幼虫表现出类偶像虫的身体轮廓,否则为弯孢菌纲。根据枕毛的数量,流感嗜血杆菌与先前描述的鲁戈萨和鲁佩斯特里斯幼虫阶段(鲁戈萨组)不同(流感嗜血杆菌有6根枕毛,而赫卡特和鲁佩茨里斯有8根枕毛);下颌牙齿(两颗在流感嗜血杆菌中,而一颗在赫卡特分枝杆菌和卢比斯特里斯分枝杆菌中)和上颌骨形状(流感嗜血杆菌为圆锥形,而在赫卡特芽孢杆菌和卢比斯特里斯分枝杆菌为抛物面)。
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引用次数: 0
Cohabitation inquiline-host in termite nests: does it involve distinct mechanisms? 白蚁巢中的居群:是否涉及不同的机制?
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v70i3.9685
J. S. Cruz, D. L. Santana, Amanda Teixeira Santos, Iza Maira C. Ventura, L. Bacci, P. F. Cristaldo, A. P. A. Araújo
Nests of the termite Constrictotermes sp. can be cohabited by obligatory inquilines Inquilinitermes sp. Recent studies have shown that inquilines establish themselves in mature nests, possibly during the nidification transition phase of the colony (e.g., from the epigeal to the arboreal habit). It is believed that cohabitation is maintained through spatial segregation of the cohabitants since the inquilines aggregate in the central nest region. Here, we described the cohabitation between Inquilinitermes microceus (Silvestri) and a Constrictotermes species in Sergipe, Northeast Brazil. We compared the cohabitation observed in distinct regions considering hypotheses related to the entry and maintenance of the inquiline in the nests. All Constrictotermes sp. nests found in this region are epigeal, unlike already reported in other studies. Approximately 45% of the nests analyzed were associated with I. microcerus, and cohabitation seemed to be dependent on nest size. The entrance of the inquiline was not related to changes in the nidification habit from soil to trees, as suggested in other studies. In addition, inquilines were not associated with and segregated into the dark walls in the central part of the nest. The cohabitation observed here could involve mechanisms which are distinct from the mechanisms reported in other regions.
白蚁Constrictotermes sp.的巢穴可以与强制的Inquilintermes sp.同居。最近的研究表明,inquilines可能在成熟的巢穴中建立自己,可能是在群落的巢化过渡阶段(例如,从表观习性到树栖习性)。据信,同居是通过同居者的空间隔离来维持的,因为近线聚集在中心巢区。在这里,我们描述了在巴西东北部塞尔希培的微小不平衡菌(Silvestri)和一种Constrictotermes物种之间的同居关系。我们比较了在不同区域观察到的同居情况,考虑到与巢中的inquiline进入和维持有关的假设。与其他研究中已经报道的不同,在该地区发现的所有Constrictotermes sp.巢穴都是表观的。在分析的巢穴中,约有45%与微小锥虫有关,同居似乎取决于巢穴的大小。正如其他研究所表明的那样,inquiline的进入与从土壤到树木的巢化习惯的变化无关。此外,询价人与巢穴中心的黑暗墙壁没有关联,也没有隔离。这里观察到的同居可能涉及与其他区域报告的机制不同的机制。
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引用次数: 1
Influence of dry season on social wasp communities (Hymenoptera: Polistinae) in Deciduous Forest 旱季对阔叶林蜂群(膜翅目:蜂科)的影响
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v70i2.8361
G. C. Jacques, Leonardo Dutra Barbosa, T. P. Gouvêa, Noéle A. Simões, G. T. G. Silva, O. T. Silveira, M. M. Souza
 The seasonal deciduous forest, also known as dry forest, is characterized by the deciduity of tree species and two well-defined seasons which cause drastic changes in its physiognomy, and the seasonality of rainy periods directly impacts the forest’s biological communities. Social wasps (Vespidae: Polistinae) are well documented. However, some ecosystems in which they occur, such as the deciduous forest, are still subsampled. This study aimed to assess the response of social wasp communities to the dry season in a deciduous forest in the Mata Seca State Park, in the North of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Insects were collected over 24 days divided into four field campaigns, each with six continuous days of collection (February, May, July, and November 2021), encompassing one campaign per season. All specimens were sacrificed and stored in 70% alcohol and later dry mounted for identification. The Kruskal-Wallis (KW) H test was performed to verify the difference between species richness, number of total colonies, and number of colonies of each tribe in relation to the collection station. In total, 131 colonies of eight species were located, particularly Polybia occidentalis (Olivier, 179), with 39 colonies, Polistes versicolor (Olivier, 1791), with 33, Mischocyttarus cassununga, with 21, and Protonectarina sylveirae (Saussure, 1854), with 13. Six species, five of which were from the Epiponini tribe, were collected in the four seasons. The responses of social wasps to the periods of drought in the deciduous forest vary with tribe. While Epiponini populations can keep colonies active in the dry season, Polistini cannot. Meanwhile, P. versicolor responds positively to the onset of the rainy season, increasing its population.
季节性落叶林又称枯林,其特点是树种的决定性和两个明确的季节,这会导致其地貌的剧烈变化,而雨季的季节性直接影响森林的生物群落。群居黄蜂(胡蜂科:Politinae)有很好的记录。然而,它们发生的一些生态系统,如落叶林,仍然是亚采样的。这项研究旨在评估巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州北部马塔塞卡州立公园落叶林中社会黄蜂群落对旱季的反应。在24天内收集昆虫,分为四次野外活动,每次活动连续六天(2021年2月、5月、7月和11月),每个季节一次。将所有标本处死并储存在70%的酒精中,随后进行干装鉴定。进行Kruskal-Wallis(KW)H检验,以验证物种丰富度、总群落数量和每个部落的群落数量与采集站之间的差异。总共定位了8个物种的131个菌落,特别是西方Polybia occidentalis(Olivier,179),有39个菌落,Polites versicolor(Olivier(1791),有33个,Mischocyttarus cassununga,有21个,Protectarina sylveira(Saussure,1854),有13个。在这四个季节里采集了六个物种,其中五个来自埃皮波尼部落。社会黄蜂对落叶林干旱期的反应因部落而异。虽然Epiponini种群可以在旱季保持群落的活跃,但Politini不能。同时,云芝对雨季的到来反应积极,种群数量增加。
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引用次数: 1
Capixaba ant species inventory is far from complete: A local scale assessment of the ants (Formicidae) reveals the importance of diversity studies and entomological collections Capixaba蚂蚁物种清单远未完成:对蚂蚁(蚁科)的地方规模评估揭示了多样性研究和昆虫学收藏的重要性
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v70i2.9601
R. Vicente, J. Souza, L. P. Prado
The Atlantic Forest is the third largest biome in Brazil, the most sampled, and has the second highest diversity of ant species described. However, these data are spatially very heterogeneous, with the central region of the Atlantic Forest being better sampled. There is a visible gap from the south of Bahia to the north of Rio de Janeiro, comprising the entire state of Espírito Santo. Knowing this biodiversity gap, in this work, we list the ant fauna (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) deposited in the Coleção Entomológica of the Reserva Natural Vale (CERNV), located in the municipality of Linhares, Espírito Santo. The CERNV has 143 ants collected from August 1984, belonging to 63 species, 29 genera, and eight subfamilies. Of the 143 records, 94 are ant workers (66%), 27 queens (19%), and 22 males (15%). Seventy three percent of the ant workers are identified, 52% of queens and 36% of males. The species with the most individuals deposited are Camponotus sp. (15 records), Eciton burchellii (8), Atta sexdens (7), Neoponera villosa (7), and Solenopsis sp. (6). Among the identified ants, 12 species were recorded for the first time in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The collection still holds workers (and probably unidentified males) of a species considered endangered, Dinoponera lucida. We can observe the importance of biological collections for the knowledge of biodiversity, local and regional since species are recorded for the first time in a state whose biome is widely studied, helping to fill in Linnean and Wallacean shortfalls.
大西洋森林是巴西第三大生物群落,采样最多,蚂蚁物种多样性排名第二。然而,这些数据在空间上非常不均匀,大西洋森林的中心区域得到了更好的采样。从巴伊亚州南部到里约热内卢北部有一个明显的缺口,包括整个圣埃斯皮里托州。了解到这一生物多样性差距,在这项工作中,我们列出了沉积在自然保护区Coleção Entomológica的蚂蚁动物群(膜翅目、蚁科),该保护区位于圣埃斯皮里托省林哈雷斯市。CERNV从1984年8月收集了143只蚂蚁,隶属于8亚科29属63种。在143份记录中,94份是蚁工(66%),27份是蚁后(19%),22份是雄性(15%)。73%的蚁工已被确认,52%的蚁后和36%的雄性。沉积个体最多的物种是Camponotus sp.(15个记录)、Eciton burchellii(8个)、Atta sexdens(7个)、Neoponera villosa(7)和Solenopsis sp.(6个)。在已确认的蚂蚁中,有12种是在巴西圣埃斯皮里托州首次记录的。该藏品中仍有被视为濒危物种的绿底螺旋体的工作人员(可能还有身份不明的雄性)。我们可以观察到生物采集对当地和区域生物多样性知识的重要性,因为物种是在一个生物群落被广泛研究的州首次被记录的,这有助于填补林奈和瓦拉几亚的不足。
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引用次数: 0
Foraging specificity of Tetralonia (Thygatina) macroceps (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Anthophorinae) on Argyreia cuneata (Convolvulaceae) 大蜂四花蜂(膜翅目:蜂科:花蜂科)对圆叶银蜂的觅食特性
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v70i2.8262
A. Udayakumar, R. Anjanappa, K. Subaharan, T. M. Shivalingaswamy
Floral specificity is a behavior that evolved due to mutualistic interactions between the plant-pollinator community. Flowers advertise themselves using visual or chemical cues to attract pollinators and gain reproductive success through pollination. Pollinators forage for rewards such as nectar or pollen produced by the flowers. We found that an anthophorid bee, Tetralonia macroceps, foraged specifically on Argyreia cuneata flowers. No visitation was observed on the flowers of A. nervosa though both belong to Convolvulaceae. T. macroceps was the most abundant floral visitor (5.21 bees/flower/5 min) on A. cuneata and did not visit A. nervosa. Mass flowering and narrow tubular flower structure with easy access to pollen in A. cuneata were the traits that accounted for the foraging specificity of T. macroceps. The present study investigates the preference of T. macroceps for the flowers and floral extracts of A. cuneata and A. nervosa. The bee visited 10.16 flowers/5 min of A. cuneata. T. macroceps were highly attracted to the flowers of A. cuneata. No bees were attracted to A. nervosa. The floral abundance of A. cuneata was relatively higher compared to A. nervosa. Pollen analysis of foraging bees of T. macroceps revealed the selective preference towards the pollen of A. cuneata. The highest number of bees preferred the extract of A. cuneata (7.75) compared to A. nervosa (0.50) in the Y-olfactory maze. Floral extract of A. cuneata caused the highest neuronal electroantennogram (EAG) response (1.48 mV) than A. nervosa (0.36 mV). Our preliminary studies indicated the presence of specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) nonacosane (13.26%), hexatriacontane (12.06%), and beta farnesene (6.19%) observed in A. cuneata were absent in congener A. nervosa.
花的特异性是由于植物传粉昆虫群落之间的互惠相互作用而进化的一种行为。花朵利用视觉或化学线索来吸引传粉者,并通过授粉获得繁殖成功。授粉者寻找花蜜或花朵产生的花粉等奖励。我们发现一种花蜂,大花蜂,专门在金刚鹦鹉的花上觅食。神经花虽同属旋花科,但未观察到有访花现象。T.macroceps是A.cuneata上最丰富的花访客(5.21只蜜蜂/花/5min),而没有访问A.nervosa。大花T.macroceps的大量开花和易于获得花粉的窄管状花结构是其觅食特异性的特征。本研究调查了大花T.macrops对A.cuneata和A.nervosa的花和花提取物的偏好。蜜蜂每5分钟造访10.16朵花。T.macroceps被A.cuneata的花高度吸引。没有蜜蜂被神经A.nervosa吸引。楔形A.cuneata的花丰度相对高于神经A.nervosa。对大花T.macroceps采蜂花粉的分析表明,大花T.acroceps对大花A.cuneata花粉有选择性偏好。在Y嗅觉迷宫中,与神经A.nervosa(0.50)相比,最喜欢楔形A.cuneata提取物的蜜蜂数量最多(7.75)。楔形A.cuneata的花提取物引起的神经元触角电图(EAG)反应(1.48mV)高于神经性A.nervosa(0.36mV)。我们的初步研究表明,在楔状A.cuneata中观察到的特定挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)壬烷(13.26%)、六碳烷(12.06%)和β-法尼烯(6.19%)在神经性A.nervosa的同类中不存在。
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引用次数: 0
Pollen Niche from Tetrapedia diversipes Klug (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Tetrapediini) in a Brazilian Semi-deciduous Lowland Forest 巴西半落叶低地林中小蜂属的花粉生态位(膜翅目:小蜂科:小蜂属)
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-21 DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v70i2.8346
Arianne M. Cavalcante, Cláudia Inês da Silva, D. S. Nogueira, G. S. Pinto, M. Parente, B. Freitas
Tetrapedia diversipes Klug (Apidae) is a solitary bee with wide geographical distribution. Females of this species usually nest in pre-existing cavities and although their biology is relatively well known, studies on their trophic niche are still scarce. Thus, the present study aimed to identify the plant species used in the diet of immature T. diversipes through the analysis of residual pollen material. The nests used in the study were obtained through the use of trap nests during the period between December 2014 and October 2015, distributed in an area of coastal forest in northeastern Brazil. For the study of the trophic niche, samples of post-emergency residue (feces) from cells of offspring of males (n = 31) and females (n = 66) of T. diversipes were analyzed. In total, 29 pollen types were identified in the feeding of T. diversipes, being of the pollen types identified, only seven were not used by both sexes. Although a significant difference was found in the amplitude in the trophic niche between the sexes, there was a high overlap for Horn-Morisita index (CH = 0.989), with no significant difference being found in the frequency distribution of male and female food items (D = 0.214; p = 0.341). In this study we concluded that the diet of T. diversipes in coastal forest is polyletic, similarly to the pattern found in other studies of pollen resources in different vegetation in Brazil, with a predominance of pollen from the families Euphorbiaceae, Asteraceae and Onagraceae.
胡蜂(Apidae)是一种分布广泛的独居蜂。该物种的雌性通常在预先存在的洞穴中筑巢,尽管它们的生物学相对众所周知,但对其营养生态位的研究仍然很少。因此,本研究旨在通过对残留花粉物质的分析,确定未成熟多样性T.diversipes日粮中使用的植物种类。研究中使用的巢穴是在2014年12月至2015年10月期间通过使用陷阱巢穴获得的,分布在巴西东北部的沿海森林地区。为了研究营养生态位,分析了来自多样性T.diversipes雄性(n=31)和雌性(n=66)后代细胞的应急后残留物(粪便)样本。在已鉴定的花粉类型中,只有7种不被两性使用。尽管性别之间的营养生态位幅度存在显著差异,但Horn Morisita指数存在高度重叠(CH=0.989),雄性和雌性食物的频率分布没有显著差异(D=0.214;p=0.341),与巴西不同植被花粉资源的其他研究中发现的模式相似,主要来自大戟科、菊科和小檗科的花粉。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Vegetation Structure on Ant Diversity in Different Seasonal Periods in Impacted Fragments of Atlantic Forest 不同季节植被结构对大西洋森林受害片断蚂蚁多样性的影响
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-15 DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v70i2.7949
Raquel Cetto Sampaio, B. F. S. Laviski, Renata Cristina de Souza Coelho, J. M. Queiroz
The destruction of forest habitats generates extremely fragmented areas and changes in vegetation structure. That changes the characteristics of microhabitats and the availability of resources and affects the diversity of animal species such as ants, which are a large group with an important ecological role. As ants forage on trees and shrubs, the vegetation structure can affect the presence of these organisms. Abiotic factors such as seasonality can also influence the diversity of the ant community. Based on that, this study aimed to investigate the distribution of the diversity of ant species that forage on plants in different seasonal periods. The study was carried out in eight secondary forest fragments of the Atlantic Forest. We used additive partitioning of diversity, partitioning of β diversity and canonical correspondence analysis to measure the effect of seasonality and vegetation structure on the distribution of ant species diversity. The rainy season positively influences the diversity of ants that forage on plants. Composition was affected by shrub leaf density in the rainy season and by tree circumference in the dry. Each fragment preserved a different pool of ant species, and the vegetation structure positively influenced ant diversity. These results highlight the importance of conserving the majority of forest fragments to better preserve the pool of ant species regionally.
森林栖息地的破坏造成了极其分散的区域和植被结构的变化。这改变了微栖息地的特征和资源的可用性,并影响了蚂蚁等动物物种的多样性,蚂蚁是一个具有重要生态作用的大型群体。当蚂蚁在树木和灌木上觅食时,植被结构会影响这些生物的存在。季节性等非生物因素也会影响蚂蚁群落的多样性。在此基础上,本研究旨在调查不同季节以植物为食的蚂蚁物种的多样性分布。这项研究是在大西洋森林的八片次生林中进行的。我们使用多样性的加性划分、β多样性的划分和典型对应分析来衡量季节性和植被结构对蚂蚁物种多样性分布的影响。雨季对以植物为食的蚂蚁的多样性产生了积极影响。灌木的组成在雨季受灌木叶密度的影响,在旱季受树木周长的影响。每个碎片都保存了不同的蚂蚁物种库,植被结构对蚂蚁多样性产生了积极影响。这些结果突出了保护大部分森林碎片的重要性,以更好地保护区域内的蚂蚁种群。
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引用次数: 0
In vitro Studies on the Biology and Predatory Potential of Commonly Occurring Ant Species in a Selected Agro-ecosystem of the Himalayan Range, India 印度喜马拉雅山脉特定农业生态系统中常见蚂蚁的生物学和捕食潜力的体外研究
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-15 DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v70i2.7698
Kushal Thakur, Pathma Jayakumar, B. L. Sonawane
Four commonly occurring species of queen ants were collected after their nuptial flight from an agroecosystem in Lehri Sarail village of Himachal Pradesh (31°32’03.9”N 76°38’57.7“E) using light traps. Queens named HAC1, HAC2, HAC3, and HAC4 were placed individually in a test tube with water sources. Once the queen started laying eggs, and a few workers emerged, they were transferred to an artificial formicarium. HAC1 and HAC2 were identified as Camponotus compressus, while HAC3 and HAC4 were identified as Polyrhachis thompsoni and Pheidole minor, respectively. In the study period of one year between July 2020 and July 2021, offspring from all colonies were found to be workers. HAC1, HAC2, and HAC4 produced dimorphic workers, the majors and minors. Studies on colony establishment, biology, and behavior were carried out with colonies from HAC1, HAC2, and HAC3, while a colony from HAC4 failed to establish. All species showed similar types of colony founding, nesting, brood management, necrophorosis, and hibernation. C. compressus showed higher fecundity, while percent hatchability was higher in P. thompsoni. Percent pupation and adult emergence were higher in C. compressus and lower in P. thompsoni. P. thompsoni was observed to be more aggressive with a high predation rate, followed by C. compressus. P. minor showed aggressiveness initially but was unable to incapacitate the host larva. Understanding ant biodiversity, biology, behavior, predatory potential, etc., will allow us to use the native ants in the agroecosystem as biological control agents. Methods of rearing ants under the artificial setup described here enable laboratory culturing of ants with biocontrol potential and using ants as model organisms to study the bio-efficacy of agrochemicals and pharmaceutical drugs.
喜马偕尔邦Lehri Sarail村(31°32'33.9“N 76°38'57.7”E)的农业生态系统中采集了四种常见的蚁后使用光阱。命名为HAC1、HAC2、HAC3和HAC4的皇后区分别放置在有水源的试管中。一旦女王开始产卵,一些工人出现了,他们就被转移到一个人工甲中。HAC1和HAC2分别被鉴定为Camponotus compressus,而HAC3和HAC4分别被鉴定成Polyrhachis thompsoni和Pheidole minor。在2020年7月至2021年7月的一年研究期间,发现所有殖民地的后代都是工人。HAC1、HAC2和HAC4产生了二形态的工人,主要和次要。对来自HAC1、HAC2和HAC3的菌落的建立、生物学和行为进行了研究,而来自HAC4的菌落未能建立。所有物种都表现出相似类型的群体建立、筑巢、育婴管理、坏死和冬眠。压缩圆线虫的繁殖力较高,孵化率较高。压缩圆蚧的化蛹率和成虫羽化率较高,而汤普森则较低。据观察,汤普森更具攻击性,捕食率高,其次是压缩C.compressus。P.minor最初表现出攻击性,但不能使宿主幼虫丧失能力。了解蚂蚁的生物多样性、生物学、行为、捕食潜力等,将使我们能够利用农业生态系统中的本地蚂蚁作为生物控制剂。在这里描述的人工环境下饲养蚂蚁的方法使实验室能够培养具有生物控制潜力的蚂蚁,并使用蚂蚁作为模式生物来研究农用化学品和药物的生物功效。
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Sociobiology
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