Pub Date : 2022-09-12DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v69i3.8265
Lucas Bezerra Furtado, A. Somavilla, T. K. Krolow
Tocantins state has high biodiversity and a high degree of endemism, nevertheless, there are no studies on the diversity of social wasps. This study introduces a survey of social wasps actively collected using entomological nets and Malaise trap in addition to different light traps in sixteen sites in the Amazon and Cerrado biomes in Tocantins state, Brazil. We sampled a total of 1,013 social wasps distributed in 57 species of 13 genera. Fifty of these species and nine genera represent new distribution records for the state. Some species are not commonly found in collections and lists of species, and Protopolybia picteti (de Saussure, 1854) is newly recorded for Brazil. Such an increase of 714% may indicate that Polistinae richness is probably higher in the studied regions and that the state of Tocantins may well contain several additional (yet unrecorded) social wasp species. More comprehensive studies should be conducted to enhance the knowledge of wasp species in this state, contributing to our understanding of the biodiversity in Northern Brazil.
{"title":"A checklist of social wasps (Vespidae: Polistinae) from Tocantins state, Brazil","authors":"Lucas Bezerra Furtado, A. Somavilla, T. K. Krolow","doi":"10.13102/sociobiology.v69i3.8265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v69i3.8265","url":null,"abstract":"Tocantins state has high biodiversity and a high degree of endemism, nevertheless, there are no studies on the diversity of social wasps. This study introduces a survey of social wasps actively collected using entomological nets and Malaise trap in addition to different light traps in sixteen sites in the Amazon and Cerrado biomes in Tocantins state, Brazil. We sampled a total of 1,013 social wasps distributed in 57 species of 13 genera. Fifty of these species and nine genera represent new distribution records for the state. Some species are not commonly found in collections and lists of species, and Protopolybia picteti (de Saussure, 1854) is newly recorded for Brazil. Such an increase of 714% may indicate that Polistinae richness is probably higher in the studied regions and that the state of Tocantins may well contain several additional (yet unrecorded) social wasp species. More comprehensive studies should be conducted to enhance the knowledge of wasp species in this state, contributing to our understanding of the biodiversity in Northern Brazil.","PeriodicalId":21971,"journal":{"name":"Sociobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49453265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-12DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v69i3.8308
Icaro Wilker, M. A. Rabelo, M. A. Angotti, C. Ribas
Secondary diaspore removal on the ground is an important ecosystem process. In this process, solitary foraging ants with larger body sizes are more efficient because they may remove more diaspores, faster and carry them at greater distances. Therefore, we sought to test the effects of the sizes of the morphological traits of ants, removal strategy, and nest distance on secondary diaspore removal, testing hypotheses related to the efficiency of this process. We evaluated the removal of artificial diaspores by ants in 15 areas of Cerrado sensu stricto (tropical savanna), collecting data on diaspore removal strategy (solitary or group), nest distance, diaspore discovery time, diaspore removal time, and the number of diaspores removed. Larger ants tended to remove diaspores alone and remove diaspores faster than smaller ones. Ants that removed diaspores alone removed more diaspores than ants that removed diaspores in groups. However, we did not find a linear relationship between ant size and diaspore removal. This is likely due to a limitation on, or a preference by larger ants for removing larger diaspores, while the smaller diaspores may have hindered manipulation or been less attractive to larger ants. Thus, the removal strategy was the best predictor of efficient diaspore removal performance, where the solitary foraging ants discover and remove diaspores quickly and remove more diaspores, mainly from the closest nests to the sampling point. However, the benefits (or not) of removing more diaspores still need to be evaluated.
{"title":"Ant species that remove diaspores alone are more efficient removers","authors":"Icaro Wilker, M. A. Rabelo, M. A. Angotti, C. Ribas","doi":"10.13102/sociobiology.v69i3.8308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v69i3.8308","url":null,"abstract":"Secondary diaspore removal on the ground is an important ecosystem process. In this process, solitary foraging ants with larger body sizes are more efficient because they may remove more diaspores, faster and carry them at greater distances. Therefore, we sought to test the effects of the sizes of the morphological traits of ants, removal strategy, and nest distance on secondary diaspore removal, testing hypotheses related to the efficiency of this process. We evaluated the removal of artificial diaspores by ants in 15 areas of Cerrado sensu stricto (tropical savanna), collecting data on diaspore removal strategy (solitary or group), nest distance, diaspore discovery time, diaspore removal time, and the number of diaspores removed. Larger ants tended to remove diaspores alone and remove diaspores faster than smaller ones. Ants that removed diaspores alone removed more diaspores than ants that removed diaspores in groups. However, we did not find a linear relationship between ant size and diaspore removal. This is likely due to a limitation on, or a preference by larger ants for removing larger diaspores, while the smaller diaspores may have hindered manipulation or been less attractive to larger ants. Thus, the removal strategy was the best predictor of efficient diaspore removal performance, where the solitary foraging ants discover and remove diaspores quickly and remove more diaspores, mainly from the closest nests to the sampling point. However, the benefits (or not) of removing more diaspores still need to be evaluated.","PeriodicalId":21971,"journal":{"name":"Sociobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44471455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-07DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v69i3.7729
Leydi Fonte Carballo, David Rodríguez de la Cruz, J. Sánchez Sánchez, Estefanía Sánchez Reyes, Walberto Lóriga Peña, Jorge Demedio Lorenzo, Maykelis Díaz Solares, Dariel Morales Querol
The knowledge of the different plant species that make up the feeding diet of animals is highly important to develop more efficient strategies. This research aimed to characterize the food potential available for the Cuban stingless bee livestock of the Matanzas and Mayabeque provinces. Palynological analysis was done using 60 g of pollen from sealed pots and 80 mL of honey from the ten randomly selected beehives (five in each province). The results showed that in the honey collected in Matanzas province, the most represented family was Amaranthaceae, followed by Myrtaceae and Fabaceae. Meanwhile, for Mayabeque, the most represented ones were the families Fabaceae and Myrtaceae. Regarding the stingless bee pollen of Matanzas provenance, the family Fabaceae prevailed, followed by Burseraceae and Myrtaceae. The pollen corresponding to Mayabeque coincided in showing Fabaceae as the most representative. In addition, pollen grains of small size (from 10 to 25 µm) were collected, with a marked representation of the pollen type of Mimosa pudica in the Mayabeque honey. It was concluded that the Cuban stingless bee livestock of the Matanzas and Mayabeque provinces had a specialist feeding behavior because a low number of plant taxa made up its diet.
{"title":"Cuban stingless bee livestock exhibit specialized floral resource use: a palynological study on honey samples from Matanzas and Mayabeque provinces","authors":"Leydi Fonte Carballo, David Rodríguez de la Cruz, J. Sánchez Sánchez, Estefanía Sánchez Reyes, Walberto Lóriga Peña, Jorge Demedio Lorenzo, Maykelis Díaz Solares, Dariel Morales Querol","doi":"10.13102/sociobiology.v69i3.7729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v69i3.7729","url":null,"abstract":"The knowledge of the different plant species that make up the feeding diet of animals is highly important to develop more efficient strategies. This research aimed to characterize the food potential available for the Cuban stingless bee livestock of the Matanzas and Mayabeque provinces. Palynological analysis was done using 60 g of pollen from sealed pots and 80 mL of honey from the ten randomly selected beehives (five in each province). The results showed that in the honey collected in Matanzas province, the most represented family was Amaranthaceae, followed by Myrtaceae and Fabaceae. Meanwhile, for Mayabeque, the most represented ones were the families Fabaceae and Myrtaceae. Regarding the stingless bee pollen of Matanzas provenance, the family Fabaceae prevailed, followed by Burseraceae and Myrtaceae. The pollen corresponding to Mayabeque coincided in showing Fabaceae as the most representative. In addition, pollen grains of small size (from 10 to 25 µm) were collected, with a marked representation of the pollen type of Mimosa pudica in the Mayabeque honey. It was concluded that the Cuban stingless bee livestock of the Matanzas and Mayabeque provinces had a specialist feeding behavior because a low number of plant taxa made up its diet.","PeriodicalId":21971,"journal":{"name":"Sociobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47007872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-07DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v69i3.8099
Vanessa Soares Ribeiro Soares Ribeiro, Lucas Navarro Paolucci, J. Schoereder, Ricardo Ribeiro de Castro Solar
Habitat fragmentation changes biological communities and its spatiotemporal dynamics – which may lead to either biotic homogenization or heterogenization along time and space. Both processes can occur by addition, replacement or loss of species within communities, altering compositional similarity across the landscape. We investigated which of these two processes (biotic homogenization or heterogenization) occurs, and its possible underlying mechanism, over 15 years in an Atlantic Forest landscape using ants as model organisms. We sampled ants in 17 forest fragments across three different years, compared their composition similarity, species richness, and species richness of groups classified according to their habitat preferences. We sampled a total of 132 ant species. Ant communities in fragments diverged over time, suggesting they experienced an idiosyncratic structuring process. This biotic heterogenization occurred through an additive process, as ant species richness increased over time, mainly due to an increase of generalist ant species, and a decrease of forest specialist ant species. These changes occurred despite the higher forest cover in the landscape along years. Since different species can perform different functions in ecosystems, this biotic heterogenization may have implications for ecosystem functioning. Investigating how disturbances structure biological communities over time, especially those performing important ecosystem functions, can shed light to our understanding of possible changes in ecosystem functions and consequently for forest regeneration.
{"title":"Divergence of Ant Communities Over Time in a Fragmented Atlantic Rain Forest Landscape","authors":"Vanessa Soares Ribeiro Soares Ribeiro, Lucas Navarro Paolucci, J. Schoereder, Ricardo Ribeiro de Castro Solar","doi":"10.13102/sociobiology.v69i3.8099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v69i3.8099","url":null,"abstract":"Habitat fragmentation changes biological communities and its spatiotemporal dynamics – which may lead to either biotic homogenization or heterogenization along time and space. Both processes can occur by addition, replacement or loss of species within communities, altering compositional similarity across the landscape. We investigated which of these two processes (biotic homogenization or heterogenization) occurs, and its possible underlying mechanism, over 15 years in an Atlantic Forest landscape using ants as model organisms. We sampled ants in 17 forest fragments across three different years, compared their composition similarity, species richness, and species richness of groups classified according to their habitat preferences. We sampled a total of 132 ant species. Ant communities in fragments diverged over time, suggesting they experienced an idiosyncratic structuring process. This biotic heterogenization occurred through an additive process, as ant species richness increased over time, mainly due to an increase of generalist ant species, and a decrease of forest specialist ant species. These changes occurred despite the higher forest cover in the landscape along years. Since different species can perform different functions in ecosystems, this biotic heterogenization may have implications for ecosystem functioning. Investigating how disturbances structure biological communities over time, especially those performing important ecosystem functions, can shed light to our understanding of possible changes in ecosystem functions and consequently for forest regeneration.","PeriodicalId":21971,"journal":{"name":"Sociobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46241020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-07DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v69i3.8151
H. Ben Khedher, M. Braham, I. Chaieb
Based on a review of the available literature, the state of the art and a checklist of the fauna of the Apidae family of Tunisia is presented. The first list of the species of the family is given. 184 species and subspecies belonging to 19 genera, 12 tribes and three subfamilies were listed. Distribution of recorded taxa from Tunisia and from the world is provided. Apinae is the subfamily with the highest species richness with 89 species. Nomada has the highest number of species represented by 62 taxa. The Tunisian East center is the least species-diversified regions with only 16 species and subspecies reported so far. Five species are endemic to Tunisian fauna. Eight Nomada and one Anthophora species were collected from Tunisia, but their identity should be re-confirmed. The presence of Thyreomelecta sibirica (Radoszkowski, 1893) in Tunisia is doubtful and a re-examination and confirmation are needed.
{"title":"The State of the Art of the Tunisian Apidae Fauna (Hymenoptera: Anthophila)","authors":"H. Ben Khedher, M. Braham, I. Chaieb","doi":"10.13102/sociobiology.v69i3.8151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v69i3.8151","url":null,"abstract":"Based on a review of the available literature, the state of the art and a checklist of the fauna of the Apidae family of Tunisia is presented. The first list of the species of the family is given. 184 species and subspecies belonging to 19 genera, 12 tribes and three subfamilies were listed. Distribution of recorded taxa from Tunisia and from the world is provided. Apinae is the subfamily with the highest species richness with 89 species. Nomada has the highest number of species represented by 62 taxa. The Tunisian East center is the least species-diversified regions with only 16 species and subspecies reported so far. Five species are endemic to Tunisian fauna. Eight Nomada and one Anthophora species were collected from Tunisia, but their identity should be re-confirmed. The presence of Thyreomelecta sibirica (Radoszkowski, 1893) in Tunisia is doubtful and a re-examination and confirmation are needed.","PeriodicalId":21971,"journal":{"name":"Sociobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45760924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present work studied the diversity of Formicidae in two agrosystems of Bejaia, a lemon orchard located at INRAA and an orange orchard located at Amizour. We used the transect method by combining three (3) sampling methods: Barber Pots or Pitfall, Bait, and manual capture. We identified 18 ant species representing 11 genera and three subfamilies: Dolichoderinae (Tapinoma magnum), Formicinae (Cataglyphis, Camponotus, Lasius, and Plagiolepis), and Myrmicinae (Messor, Aphaenogaster, Crematogaster, Pheidole, Tetramorium, and Temnothorax). The species richness was 13 species in the Oued Ghir’s site and 12 species in Amizour’s site. At INRAA, Dolichoderinae and Myrmicinae have the same proportions (43.95 and 43.17%, respectively) followed by Formicinae (12.88%). In Amizour, Formicinae showed the higher frequency (40.28%), followed by Dolichoderinae and Myrmicinae (30.47 and 29.25%, respectively). In the INRAA lemon orchard Tapinoma magnum was the dominant species with a relative abundance of 43.95%, whereas in Amizour the predominance is attributed to the Cataglyphis viatica with a relative abundance of 39.05%.
{"title":"Ant community diversity in two agrosystems in Bejaia wilaya (Northern Algeria)","authors":"Anissa Henine-Maouche, Wissem Guergouz, Thiziri Moudache","doi":"10.13102/sociobiology.v69i3.7667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v69i3.7667","url":null,"abstract":"The present work studied the diversity of Formicidae in two agrosystems of Bejaia, a lemon orchard located at INRAA and an orange orchard located at Amizour. We used the transect method by combining three (3) sampling methods: Barber Pots or Pitfall, Bait, and manual capture. We identified 18 ant species representing 11 genera and three subfamilies: Dolichoderinae (Tapinoma magnum), Formicinae (Cataglyphis, Camponotus, Lasius, and Plagiolepis), and Myrmicinae (Messor, Aphaenogaster, Crematogaster, Pheidole, Tetramorium, and Temnothorax). The species richness was 13 species in the Oued Ghir’s site and 12 species in Amizour’s site. At INRAA, Dolichoderinae and Myrmicinae have the same proportions (43.95 and 43.17%, respectively) followed by Formicinae (12.88%). In Amizour, Formicinae showed the higher frequency (40.28%), followed by Dolichoderinae and Myrmicinae (30.47 and 29.25%, respectively). In the INRAA lemon orchard Tapinoma magnum was the dominant species with a relative abundance of 43.95%, whereas in Amizour the predominance is attributed to the Cataglyphis viatica with a relative abundance of 39.05%.","PeriodicalId":21971,"journal":{"name":"Sociobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43048097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-07DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v69i3.7763
Syama P. S., Sreeranjit Kumar C. V.
Neonicotinoids are one of the major stresses contributing to the decline in the population of honeybees. Worker bees are prone to various stress factors during foraging and are susceptible to Imidacloprid due to the reduction in the number of genes encoding for the major enzyme families responsible for the detoxification of toxins. The present study worked on the hypothesis that the dietary supplementation of Ascorbic acid (VIT C) could reduce the peroxidative damage in the worker bees of Apis cerana indica exposed to sub-lethal concentration of imidacloprid (IMD). Furthermore, we also evaluated the role and efficacy of VIT C supplementation on the cytoarchitecture of midgut tissues on exposure to IMD. Colonies of honeybees were maintained by providing sugar syrup to the control group and sugar syrup supplemented with 0.2% VIT C for the experimental group for six months. Worker bees from both groups were randomly collected and exposed to 0.001 mg/mL IMD. To study the peroxidative damage, the activities of various enzymes were analyzed. The activities of antioxidant enzymes including Catalase, Superoxide Dismutase, Glutathione S Transferase, and Glutathione Peroxidase in the hemolymph and midgut tissues of worker bees were significantly decreased due to exposure to IMD as a single agent. However, their activities showed a significant elevation under diet supplementation with VIT C. Histological examination revealed midgut tissue damage and the rupture of peritrophic membrane among the workers exposed to IMD as compared with the control group. The damage to the midgut was alleviated and the peritrophic membrane was found to be intact in the worker bees supplemented with VIT C. Our results indicated that the dietary supplementation of VIT C has the potential to maintain the redox status and thereby can offer protective potential against the peroxidative damages induced by the sub-lethal concentration of IMD.
新烟碱类杀虫剂是导致蜜蜂数量下降的主要压力之一。工蜂在觅食过程中容易受到各种应激因素的影响，而且由于负责毒素解毒的主要酶家族编码基因数量减少，工蜂对吡虫啉很敏感。本研究假设在饲料中添加抗坏血酸(VIT C)可减轻亚致死浓度吡虫啉(IMD)对蜜蜂的过氧化损伤。此外，我们还评估了补充VIT C对暴露于IMD的中肠组织细胞结构的作用和功效。对照组饲喂糖浆，实验组饲喂添加0.2% VIT C的糖浆，维持蜂群6个月。随机收集两组工蜂，暴露于0.001 mg/mL IMD。为了研究过氧化损伤，分析了各种酶的活性。IMD对工蜂血淋巴和中肠组织中过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽S转移酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性均有显著影响。然而，在饮食中添加VIT c后，它们的活性显著升高。组织学检查显示，与对照组相比，暴露于IMD的工人中肠组织损伤和营养膜破裂。结果表明，添加VIT C可减轻工蜂对中肠的损伤，且工蜂的营养膜完好无损。由此可见，添加VIT C可维持工蜂的氧化还原状态，从而对亚致死浓度IMD诱导的过氧化损伤具有保护作用。
{"title":"Evidence of diet supplementation with vitamin C protecting honeybees from Imidacloprid induced peroxidative damage: a study with Apis cerana indica","authors":"Syama P. S., Sreeranjit Kumar C. V.","doi":"10.13102/sociobiology.v69i3.7763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v69i3.7763","url":null,"abstract":"Neonicotinoids are one of the major stresses contributing to the decline in the population of honeybees. Worker bees are prone to various stress factors during foraging and are susceptible to Imidacloprid due to the reduction in the number of genes encoding for the major enzyme families responsible for the detoxification of toxins. The present study worked on the hypothesis that the dietary supplementation of Ascorbic acid (VIT C) could reduce the peroxidative damage in the worker bees of Apis cerana indica exposed to sub-lethal concentration of imidacloprid (IMD). Furthermore, we also evaluated the role and efficacy of VIT C supplementation on the cytoarchitecture of midgut tissues on exposure to IMD. Colonies of honeybees were maintained by providing sugar syrup to the control group and sugar syrup supplemented with 0.2% VIT C for the experimental group for six months. Worker bees from both groups were randomly collected and exposed to 0.001 mg/mL IMD. To study the peroxidative damage, the activities of various enzymes were analyzed. The activities of antioxidant enzymes including Catalase, Superoxide Dismutase, Glutathione S Transferase, and Glutathione Peroxidase in the hemolymph and midgut tissues of worker bees were significantly decreased due to exposure to IMD as a single agent. However, their activities showed a significant elevation under diet supplementation with VIT C. Histological examination revealed midgut tissue damage and the rupture of peritrophic membrane among the workers exposed to IMD as compared with the control group. The damage to the midgut was alleviated and the peritrophic membrane was found to be intact in the worker bees supplemented with VIT C. Our results indicated that the dietary supplementation of VIT C has the potential to maintain the redox status and thereby can offer protective potential against the peroxidative damages induced by the sub-lethal concentration of IMD.","PeriodicalId":21971,"journal":{"name":"Sociobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44703694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v69i2.7296
R. S. Silva, A. A. da Rocha, E. Giannotti
The study of foraging activity in wasps is important to understand the social organization and its evolutionary success. We examined aspects of the daily and seasonal foraging activities of Mischocyttarus nomurae Richards wasps, in terms of individual trip durationin the collection of different resources. The study was undertaken in two areas in the municipality of Rio de Contas, Bahia State, Brazil. Observations were done for 10 colonies of M. nomurae in their post-emergence phase under natural conditions, five during the rainy period and five during the dry period. The amplitudes of the activity hours were similar between the two periods. The foraging efficiency index was higher (80.56%) during the rainy period than during the dry period (74.42%), with greater percentages of returns with all foraged items (with the exception of prey captures). Temperature influenced positively and significantly the number of trips performed during the rainy period, while temperature and luminosity positively influenced the number of trips performed during the dry period. The mean duration of trips for diferente resources were greater during the dry period (with the exception of wood pulp), although those differences were not statistically significant. Wasps spent the most part of their time nectar (83.60 min), followed by prey (21.06 min), and wood Pulp (1.40 min). We observed that 52.56% of the foraging individuals of M. nomurae collected only a single resource type.
{"title":"Trip durations of daily and seasonal foraging activities in Mischocyttarus nomurae (Richards) (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)","authors":"R. S. Silva, A. A. da Rocha, E. Giannotti","doi":"10.13102/sociobiology.v69i2.7296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v69i2.7296","url":null,"abstract":"The study of foraging activity in wasps is important to understand the social organization and its evolutionary success. We examined aspects of the daily and seasonal foraging activities of Mischocyttarus nomurae Richards wasps, in terms of individual trip durationin the collection of different resources. The study was undertaken in two areas in the municipality of Rio de Contas, Bahia State, Brazil. Observations were done for 10 colonies of M. nomurae in their post-emergence phase under natural conditions, five during the rainy period and five during the dry period. The amplitudes of the activity hours were similar between the two periods. The foraging efficiency index was higher (80.56%) during the rainy period than during the dry period (74.42%), with greater percentages of returns with all foraged items (with the exception of prey captures). Temperature influenced positively and significantly the number of trips performed during the rainy period, while temperature and luminosity positively influenced the number of trips performed during the dry period. The mean duration of trips for diferente resources were greater during the dry period (with the exception of wood pulp), although those differences were not statistically significant. Wasps spent the most part of their time nectar (83.60 min), followed by prey (21.06 min), and wood Pulp (1.40 min). We observed that 52.56% of the foraging individuals of M. nomurae collected only a single resource type.","PeriodicalId":21971,"journal":{"name":"Sociobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44209397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v69i2.7322
Maisa Fernandes Ribeiro, Roberta Z da Silva, R. N. Domingos
Meliponiculture, the rational breeding of native stingless bees, is considered an excelente sustainable alternative to assist in the pollination process and is an economically viable activity. In the cerrado of Tocantins, the meliponine species that stand out most due to their wide distribution are: Scaptotrigona tubiba, Melipona fasciculata,M. rufiventris and Tetragonisca angustula. The bibliographic collection about these species is still little explored, hence there is a need for research to deepen the existing knowledge in the area. For this reason, the aim of this study was: a) to quantify the honey production of four meliponine species: T. angustula, M. fasciculata, M. rufiventris, and S. tubiba; b) to determine the physicochemical characteristics of the product; c) measure the biological parameters of the colony and d) evaluate the profile and sensory acceptance of honey in the municipalities, Palmas and Miracema, in the Tocantins. The study evaluated the biological parameters of the colony, honey production, and physicochemical analysis. The highest honey production came from the species T. angustula in the two collections for the municipality of Palmas. For Miracema, the species S. tubiba and M. fasciculata were evaluated, respectively. The physicochemical parameters evaluated fit the norms assigned to honey quality control. Results showed that honey from M. fasciculata was the sensory profile that obtained the best average among the characteristics observed in the study. There was a positive and negative correlation between the biological parameters, with a significant difference only between the characters’ height and diameter of the honey pot.
Meliponiculture是本地无刺蜜蜂的合理繁殖，被认为是一种很好的可持续替代方法，可以帮助授粉过程，并且是一种经济上可行的活动。在托坎廷斯的塞拉多地区，由于分布广泛，最突出的美利波碱物种是:Scaptotrigona tubiba, Melipona fasciculata,M。红唇和舌四角。关于这些物种的书目收集还很少被探索，因此有必要进行研究以深化该领域的现有知识。因此，本研究的目的是:a)量化四种美利甘碱物种:T. angustula, M. fasciculata, M. rufiventris和S. tubiba的蜂蜜产量;B)确定产品的物理化学特性;c)测量蜂群的生物学参数，d)评估Tocantins的Palmas和Miracema市政当局对蜂蜜的概况和感官接受度。该研究评估了菌落的生物学参数、蜂蜜产量和理化分析。在帕尔马斯市的两个采集地中，蜂蜜产量最高的是T. angustula。对Miracema进行了分类，分别为S. tubiba和M. fasciculata。评价的理化参数符合蜂蜜质量控制的标准。结果表明，在本研究所观察到的感官特征中，束状蜜的感官特征平均值最好。各生物学参数之间均存在正相关和负相关，仅性状高度和蜜罐直径之间存在显著差异。
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Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v69i2.7757
S. Iqbal, Mudssar Ali, F. Khan, N. Iqbal, F. Nawaz
Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) is a highly cross-pollinated crop dependent on insect pollinators to provide a good quality edible oil worldwide. Different sunflower hybrids vary in terms of dependence on insect pollinators. Previously few studies have been conducted regarding the role of insect pollinators in hybrid sunflower seed production in Pakistan. Therefore, the current study was planned to explore the abundance and diversity along with foraging behavior (visitation rate and stay time) of native insect pollinators as well as to study the effect of different pollination treatments (free insect visits vs. no insect visits) on the reproductive success of different hybrids of sunflower. Two sunflower hybrids were grown at the research farm of MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, under the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). In our study, the pollinator community consisted of honeybees (Apis dorsata, A. mellifera, and A. florea), solitary bees (Pseudapis sp., Megachilidae sp. and Xylocopa sp.), and syrphid flies (Eristalinus aeneus and E. megacephalus). Furthermore, the relative abundance of pollinators was high in the H4 (having a flat head with 45º head angle from the stem) hybrid, while the least abundance was observed in H3 (180º head angle from stem). H4 proved to be a better hybrid among the hybrids regarding the number of seeds and seed weight. Both bees, i.e., solitary bees and honey bees, are crucial for pollinating sunflower. Comparative results of free insect visits and no insect visit treatments showed that the maximum number of seed weight, number of seeds, and seed diameter was observed in free insect visits compared to no insect visit treatment. Therefore, conserving the diversity of the native insect pollinators will lead to a higher yield of sunflower hybrids and other cross-pollinated crops.
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