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Quality of Honey Produced by Four Species Of Stingless Bees in the Central Region of the State of Tocantins 托坎廷斯州中部地区四种无刺蜜蜂产蜂蜜的质量
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-05 DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v69i2.7322
Maisa Fernandes Ribeiro, Roberta Z da Silva, R. N. Domingos
Meliponiculture, the rational breeding of native stingless bees, is considered an excelente sustainable alternative to assist in the pollination process and is an economically viable activity. In the cerrado of Tocantins, the meliponine species that stand out most due to their wide distribution are: Scaptotrigona tubiba, Melipona fasciculata,M. rufiventris and Tetragonisca angustula. The bibliographic collection about these species is still little explored, hence there is a need for research to deepen the existing knowledge in the area. For this reason, the aim of this study was: a) to quantify the honey production of four meliponine species: T. angustula, M. fasciculata, M. rufiventris, and S. tubiba; b) to determine the physicochemical characteristics of the product; c) measure the biological parameters of the colony and d) evaluate the profile and sensory acceptance of honey in the municipalities, Palmas and Miracema, in the Tocantins. The study evaluated the biological parameters of the colony, honey production, and physicochemical analysis. The highest honey production came from the species T. angustula in the two collections for the municipality of Palmas. For Miracema, the species S. tubiba and M. fasciculata were evaluated, respectively. The physicochemical parameters evaluated fit the norms assigned to honey quality control. Results showed that honey from M. fasciculata was the sensory profile that obtained the best average among the characteristics observed in the study. There was a positive and negative correlation between the biological parameters, with a significant difference only between the characters’ height and diameter of the honey pot.
Meliponiculture是本地无刺蜜蜂的合理繁殖,被认为是一种很好的可持续替代方法,可以帮助授粉过程,并且是一种经济上可行的活动。在托坎廷斯的塞拉多地区,由于分布广泛,最突出的美利波碱物种是:Scaptotrigona tubiba, Melipona fasciculata,M。红唇和舌四角。关于这些物种的书目收集还很少被探索,因此有必要进行研究以深化该领域的现有知识。因此,本研究的目的是:a)量化四种美利甘碱物种:T. angustula, M. fasciculata, M. rufiventris和S. tubiba的蜂蜜产量;B)确定产品的物理化学特性;c)测量蜂群的生物学参数,d)评估Tocantins的Palmas和Miracema市政当局对蜂蜜的概况和感官接受度。该研究评估了菌落的生物学参数、蜂蜜产量和理化分析。在帕尔马斯市的两个采集地中,蜂蜜产量最高的是T. angustula。对Miracema进行了分类,分别为S. tubiba和M. fasciculata。评价的理化参数符合蜂蜜质量控制的标准。结果表明,在本研究所观察到的感官特征中,束状蜜的感官特征平均值最好。各生物学参数之间均存在正相关和负相关,仅性状高度和蜜罐直径之间存在显著差异。
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引用次数: 0
Linking bird resistant and susceptible sunflower traits with pollinator’s fauna and seed production 将向日葵抗鸟和易感性状与传粉者的动物群和种子生产联系起来
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-05 DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v69i2.7757
S. Iqbal, Mudssar Ali, F. Khan, N. Iqbal, F. Nawaz
Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) is a highly cross-pollinated crop dependent on insect pollinators to provide a good quality edible oil worldwide. Different sunflower hybrids vary in terms of dependence on insect pollinators. Previously few studies have been conducted regarding the role of insect pollinators in hybrid sunflower seed production in Pakistan. Therefore, the current study was planned to explore the abundance and diversity along with foraging behavior (visitation rate and stay time) of native insect pollinators as well as to study the effect of different pollination treatments (free insect visits vs. no insect visits) on the reproductive success of different hybrids of sunflower. Two sunflower hybrids were grown at the research farm of MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, under the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). In our study, the pollinator community consisted of honeybees (Apis dorsata, A. mellifera, and A. florea), solitary bees (Pseudapis sp., Megachilidae sp. and Xylocopa sp.), and syrphid flies (Eristalinus aeneus and E. megacephalus). Furthermore, the relative abundance of pollinators was high in the H4 (having a flat head with 45º head angle from the stem) hybrid, while the least abundance was observed in H3 (180º head angle from stem). H4 proved to be a better hybrid among the hybrids regarding the number of seeds and seed weight. Both bees, i.e., solitary bees and honey bees, are crucial for pollinating sunflower. Comparative results of free insect visits and no insect visit treatments showed that the maximum number of seed weight, number of seeds, and seed diameter was observed in free insect visits compared to no insect visit treatment. Therefore, conserving the diversity of the native insect pollinators will lead to a higher yield of sunflower hybrids and other cross-pollinated crops.
向日葵(Helianthus annus L.)是一种高度异花授粉的作物,依赖昆虫传粉者在全球范围内提供优质食用油。不同的向日葵杂交种对昆虫传粉昆虫的依赖程度不同。以前很少有关于昆虫传粉昆虫在巴基斯坦杂交向日葵种子生产中的作用的研究。因此,本研究计划探索本地昆虫传粉昆虫的丰度和多样性以及觅食行为(造访率和停留时间),并研究不同授粉处理(自由昆虫造访与无昆虫造访)对向日葵不同杂交种繁殖成功的影响。在木尔坦MNS农业大学的研究农场,采用随机完全块设计(RCBD)培育了两个向日葵杂交种。在我们的研究中,传粉昆虫群落由蜜蜂(Apis dorsata、A.mellifera和A.flora)、独居蜜蜂(Pseudapis sp.、Megachilidae sp.和Xylocopa sp.)和同食蝇(Eristalinus aeneus和E.megacephalus)组成。此外,H4(具有与茎成45º顶角的平头)杂交种的传粉昆虫相对丰度较高,而H3(与茎成180º顶角)的传粉昆虫丰度最低。从种子数量和种子重量来看,H4是一个较好的杂交种。这两种蜜蜂,即独居蜜蜂和蜜蜂,对向日葵授粉至关重要。自由昆虫探访和无昆虫探访处理的比较结果表明,与无昆虫探访相比,自由昆虫探访中观察到的种子重量、种子数量和种子直径的最大数量。因此,保护本地昆虫传粉昆虫的多样性将提高向日葵杂交种和其他异花授粉作物的产量。
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引用次数: 0
role of vegetation structure and abiotic factors affecting the temporal dynamics of ant foraging 植被结构和非生物因素对蚂蚁觅食时间动态的影响
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-05 DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v69i2.7422
Josieia Teixeira dos Santos, Emanuelle Luiz Da Silva Brito, Gilberto Marcos De Mendonça Santos
The study of foraging dynamics is essential to understanding the way organisms arrange themselves to reduce the effects of competition in the most diverse natural systems. The analysis of temporal foraging patterns is an important tool for understanding how ant communities respond to different environmental conditions. Thus, to verify how complexity of the vegetation and abiotic factors can influence ground-dwelling ants communities, we evaluated the foraging temporal patterns in three types of landscapes (Grassland, Arboreal Caatinga, Shrub Caatinga) in an área of dry seasonal rainforest. These environments were characterized by abundance of plant life forms. The ants were collected by pitfall trap, arranged in six rows each with five traps. The pitfalls were inspected every hour from 7:00 am to 6:00 pm, and temperature and humidity data were taken at the same time. The foraging structure of ant communities presented a nested pattern between the phytophysiognomies, but with variation in the observed metric values. For less complex environments, foraging activity was restricted to preferential times, demonstrating a temporal niche partition. Despite more complex environments have a greater richness of species foraging throughout the day, we found greater diversity in environment with intermediate complexity. Temperature influences the richness of foraging ants throughout the day, but we found no effect on diversity. Our results indicate that, although temperature may influence the temporal dynamics of ground-dwelling ant communities, changes in the structural complexity of the environment affect the foraging activity among species, influencing ant-mediated ecological processes.
觅食动力学的研究对于理解生物如何在最多样化的自然系统中安排自己以减少竞争的影响至关重要。时间觅食模式的分析是了解蚂蚁群落如何响应不同环境条件的重要工具。因此,为了验证植被和非生物因素的复杂性如何影响地栖蚂蚁群落,我们评估了área干季雨林中三种景观类型(草地、乔木林地和灌木林地)的觅食时间模式。这些环境以丰富的植物生命形式为特征。蚂蚁是通过陷阱收集的,它们排成六排,每排有五个陷阱。从早上7点到下午6点,每小时检查一次陷井,同时采集温度和湿度数据。蚁群的觅食结构在不同植物形态间呈嵌套格局,但观测值存在差异。在较不复杂的环境中,觅食活动被限制在优先时间,显示出时间生态位划分。尽管更复杂的环境有更丰富的物种全天觅食,但我们发现中等复杂环境的多样性更大。温度会影响蚂蚁觅食的丰富度,但对蚂蚁的多样性没有影响。我们的研究结果表明,虽然温度可能会影响地栖蚂蚁群落的时间动态,但环境结构复杂性的变化会影响物种之间的觅食活动,从而影响蚂蚁介导的生态过程。
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引用次数: 1
Camponotus renggeri (Formicidae) predated Agelaia vicina (Vespidae) nest and occupied Parachartergus pseudapicalis (Vespidae) nest 蛙蛙(Formicidae)早于虎皮蛛(Vespidae)的巢穴,并占据了假盾夜蛾(Parachartergus pseudapicalis)的巢穴
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v69i2.7883
Marcos Magalhães de Souza, Lidiane Augusta Junqueira, G. C. Jacques, G. Teófilo-Guedes, José Cola Zanuncio
Ants prey on social wasps affecting the evolution of nest architecture, defense behaviors, and selection of nesting sites of these insects. The importance of social wasps in natural and agricultural ecosystems, especially in biological control, justifies studies on predation of these insects by ants. The objective of this work is to report the colony predation of the social wasp Agelaia vicina (de Saussure, 1854) and the nest occupation of Parachartergus pseudapicalis Willinck, 1959 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) by the ant Camponotus renggeri Emery, 1894 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Atlantic Forest biome. The records occurred in 2015 and 2018 in southern Minas Gerais state, Brazil. This is the first record of C. renggeri preying on and occupying social wasp nests. This relationship between social wasps and ants constitutes an adaptation for the survival of these latter insects, and the limited number of records increases the need for research on the relevance of this phenomenon to the ecology of Atlantic Forest Hymenoptera.
蚂蚁捕食群居黄蜂,影响这些昆虫巢穴结构、防御行为和筑巢地点的选择。社会黄蜂在自然和农业生态系统中的重要性,特别是在生物控制中,证明了蚂蚁捕食这些昆虫的研究是合理的。这项工作的目的是报告大西洋森林生物群落中社会黄蜂Agelaia vicina(de Saussure,1854)的群体捕食和蚂蚁Camponotus renggeri Emery(膜翅目:胡蜂科)对Parachartgus pseudapicalis Willinck(膜翅目)的巢穴占领,1894年。记录发生在2015年和2018年,分别发生在巴西南部米纳斯吉拉斯州。这是第一个记录C.renggeri捕食和占领社会黄蜂巢穴。群居黄蜂和蚂蚁之间的这种关系构成了对后一种昆虫生存的适应,而有限的记录增加了研究这种现象与大西洋森林膜翅目生态学相关性的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) increase predation of Belenois solilucis (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) eggs in organic agriculture production systems: a multiple-site field study at Rashad, Sudan 在苏丹拉沙德,有机农业生产系统中蚂蚁(膜翅目:蚁科)增加了对Belenois solilucis(鳞翅目:蚁科)卵的捕食
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-24 DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v69i2.7746
Khalid A. E. Eisawi, I. Subedi, C. Yodé, H. He
Organic farming is becoming more popular as there is a greater demand for pesticide-free food. Pest control in organic agricultural production requires a set of skills, including the identification of effective predators and land-use practices. Predation by selected Coleopteran, Dipteran, and Hemipteran insects and Araneae is well established, whereas the predatory role of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) has received little attention in the Rashad district, Sudan. This study was carried out to assess the predation rates of Belenois solilucis eggs and the impact of the land use type around the properties on these rates. An experimente involving predation tests on Belenois solilucis eggs and fauna sampling were conducted in 18 areas of organic agriculture in the Rashad district. The study showed that ants can reduce the eggs population by 26.8% per day. At the same time, other predator taxa, primarily Coleoptera, from Coccinellidae and Staphylinidae families, removed only 13% of the eggs. Ant species with the most significant recruiting power were Axinidris acholli, Tapinoma carininotum, and Technomyrmex moerens. Ant genera such as Linepithema, Dorymyrmex, and Camponotus ants were also frequently observed. The proportion of the planted area within a 500-meter radius, in addition to the interaction of other landscape categories, had a minor influence on predation, but only when the predators were not ants. The landscape does not affect predation by predators in general, including ants, or on ant predation in particular.
随着对无农药食品的需求越来越大,有机农业越来越受欢迎。有机农业生产中的害虫控制需要一套技能,包括识别有效的捕食者和土地利用做法。选定的鞘翅目、双翅目和半翅目昆虫以及蜘蛛目的捕食行为已经确立,而蚂蚁(膜翅目:蚁科)的捕食作用在苏丹拉沙德地区几乎没有受到关注。进行这项研究是为了评估单卵蓝蛋白的捕食率,以及这些特性周围的土地利用类型对这些捕食率的影响。在Rashad区的18个有机农业区进行了一项实验,包括对单核贝卵的捕食试验和动物取样。研究表明,蚂蚁每天可以减少26.8%的产卵量。与此同时,其他捕食者分类群,主要是来自球虫科和葡萄门科的鞘翅目,只去除了13%的卵。具有最显著招募能力的蚂蚁物种是无孔Axinidris acholli、卡氏Tapinoma carininotum和Technomermex moerens。蚂蚁属如Linepithema、Dorymyrmex和Camponotus蚂蚁也经常被观察到。500米半径内的种植面积比例,以及其他景观类别的相互作用,对捕食影响较小,但仅当捕食者不是蚂蚁时。景观不会影响包括蚂蚁在内的捕食者的捕食,尤其不会影响蚂蚁的捕食。
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引用次数: 2
Polistes versicolor (Olivier, 1791) nesting in deciduous forest, Northern Minas Gerais State, Brazil (Vespidae, Polistinae) 在巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州北部落叶林中筑巢的花斑鹦鹉(Olivier, 1791)(鹦鹉科,鹦鹉科)
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-24 DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v69i2.7691
Paola Aparecida Moura, Gabriel de Castro Jacques, Gabriel Silva Teofilo-Guedes, Marcos Magalhães de Souza
Social wasps use different substrates for nesting, such as plants, rocks, and human buildings, and may adopt different strategies to protect their colony and brood. Here, we report the nesting behavior of Polistes versicolor in the deciduous forest, Northern Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The occurrences were recorded during fieldwork from February to December 2021. We found 30 colonies in eight plant species. The statistics demonstrate a preference of this social wasp for the plant Cereus jamacaru Cactaceae, which is used for nestings over a large area. Also, we report the first known record of P. versicolor colonies on the Acacia plumosa, Commiphora leptophloeos, Quiabentia zehntneri, and Ziziphus joazeiro, all of them with thorns. From the preference of P. versicolor for plants with thorns, we conclude this study to reinforce the role of these vegetal structures in protecting the colonies.
群居黄蜂使用不同的基质筑巢,如植物、岩石和人类建筑,并可能采取不同的策略来保护它们的群体和后代。在这里,我们报告了巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州北部落叶林中的多彩鹦鹉筑巢行为。在2021年2月至12月的实地调查期间记录了这些事件。我们在8种植物中发现了30个菌落。统计数据表明,这种群居黄蜂对植物蜡猴(Cereus jamacaru cacaceae)有偏好,这种植物用于在大片地区筑巢。此外,我们还报道了在金合欢(Acacia plumosa)、Commiphora leptophloeos、Quiabentia zehntneri和Ziziphus joazeiro上发现的第一个有刺的花青花(P. versicolor)菌落。从花椒对带刺植物的偏好出发,本研究旨在强化带刺植物结构对花椒群落的保护作用。
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引用次数: 1
Male Sleeping Aggregation of Melissodes (Ecplectica) nigroaenea (Smith, 1854) (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Eucerini) in Brazilian Cerrado 巴西Cerrado的黑尾蜂(Ecpletica)(Smith,1854)(膜翅目,蜂科,真蜂属)的雄性睡眠群落
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-24 DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v69i2.5459
W. P. Silva, Rogério Rodrigues De Andrade
Bee males are sometimes found forming sleeping aggregations on stems of bushes or trees to sleep at night, but there is no complete understanding of the reasons for this behaviour. This note describes the behavior of Melissodes (Ecplectica) nigroaenea (Smith, 1854) males forming temporary sleeping aggregations in dry inflorescences of Bidens pilosa L. The sleeping aggregations of M. nigroaenea were observed for approximately 15 days in an area of Cerrado, Brasília, DF. During the day M. nigroaenea males visit flowers of Cosmos sulphureus Cav. near the sleeping aggregations, where the females collect pollen. In the late afternoon, the males return to the sleeping aggregations, where they sleep at night. These data provide new information about the behavior of M. nigroaenea males.
有时会发现雄性蜜蜂在灌木丛或树干上形成睡眠群落,以便在晚上睡觉,但目前还不完全了解这种行为的原因。本注释描述了黑尾轮虫Melissodes(Ecpletica)nigroaena(Smith,1854)雄性在鬼针草干燥的花序中形成临时睡眠聚集的行为。在DF Brasília的Cerrado地区观察到黑尾轮藻的睡眠聚集约15天。在白天,M.nigroaena雄性参观硫磺花。在雌性采集花粉的休眠群落附近。下午晚些时候,雄性返回睡眠群落,晚上在那里睡觉。这些数据提供了关于黑脊灰蝶雄性行为的新信息。
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引用次数: 0
A Technique for Transferring Nests of Polybia (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Epiponini) Wasps in Anthropized Environment 人类环境下波利蜂(膜翅目:蜂科)巢迁移技术研究
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-17 DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v69i2.7620
Amanda Prato, Rafael Carvalho da Silva, S. Mateus, Fábio Santos Do Nascimento
Social wasps are model organisms in studies related to evolution and social behavior origin. They show high degree of sinanthropism and due to their feeding habits, they play important ecological roles. However, wasps are considered dangerous, hence their nests are destroyed by humans. The aim of this study was to develop a technique for transferring the nests of some Polybia (Lepeletier, 1836) species located in human constructions to protected places. Nests were removed in the morning blowing ether into the nest entrance and closing them with cotton. They were separatedfrom the substrate with a spatula. Nests were immediately attached to the new substrate with hot silicone glue and installed in the new place. Transferred nests were monitored for one month to verify the efficiency of the technique. Following the transference, individuals kept foraging and repairing/constructing new cells. Workers performing colony tasks are evidence that the technique was efficient and that the colony was adapted to the new local.
社会黄蜂是进化和社会行为起源研究中的模式生物。它们表现出高度的向阳性,由于它们的食性,它们发挥着重要的生态作用。然而,黄蜂被认为是危险的,因此它们的巢穴被人类摧毁。本研究的目的是开发一种技术,将位于人类建筑中的一些Polybia(Lepeletier,1836)物种的巢穴转移到受保护的地方。巢在早上被移走,往巢口吹乙醚,然后用棉花封住。用抹刀将它们从基质中分离出来。巢立即用热硅胶粘在新的基底上,并安装在新的地方。对转移巢进行为期一个月的监测,以验证该技术的有效性。迁移后,个体不断觅食并修复/构建新细胞。执行殖民任务的工人证明了这项技术是有效的,殖民地适应了新的当地环境。
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引用次数: 1
New-World Spread of the Old-World Robust Crazy Ant, Nylanderia bourbonica (Forel) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) 旧世界强壮疯狂蚂蚁的新世界传播,波氏Nylanderia(Forel)(膜翅目:蚁科)
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-17 DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v69i2.7343
J. K. Wetterer
            The robust crazy ant, Nylanderia bourbonica (Forel) (formerly Paratrechina bourbonica), is native to the Old-World tropics and subtropics. Its earliest known record in the New World was collected in 1924 in Miami, Florida. Here, I examine the subsequent spread of this species to other parts of North America and the West Indies. I compiled published and unpublished New World N. bourbonica specimen records from 446 sites, documenting the earliest known records for 24 geographic areas (countries, island groups, major islands, and US states), including nine for which I found no previously published records: Anguilla, Antigua, Barbuda, British Virgin Islands, Jamaica, Turks and Caicos Islands, Missouri, New York, and Washington. The vast majority of New World site records for N. bourbonica (89%) come from Florida, where this species is now known from 37 counties. Most, if not all, of the 14 site records of N. bourbonica in North American north of 30.5°N come from indoors. Although the earliest record of N. bourbonica from Cuba dates to 1933, the spread of N. bourbonica to many West Indian islands appears to be much more recent. In Florida, N. bourbonica is a widespread, though relatively minor household and agricultural pest, and also is common in some more natural environments. It remains to be seen whether N. bourbonica will become a significant pest in the West Indies or elsewhere in the New World.
一种健壮的疯狂蚂蚁,波旁蚂蚁,原产于旧大陆的热带和亚热带地区。它在新大陆最早的已知记录是1924年在佛罗里达州迈阿密收集的。在这里,我研究了这个物种后来传播到北美和西印度群岛的其他地区。我汇编了来自446个地点的已发表和未发表的新世界波本尼卡标本记录,记录了24个地理区域(国家、岛屿群、主要岛屿和美国各州)的已知最早记录,其中9个我没有发现以前发表的记录:安圭拉、安提瓜和巴布达、英属维尔京群岛、牙买加、特克斯和凯科斯群岛、密苏里、纽约和华盛顿。绝大多数的新世界遗址记录(89%)来自佛罗里达州,该物种现在在佛罗里达州的37个县被发现。在北美30.5°N以北的14个地点记录中,大多数(如果不是全部)来自室内。尽管最早的波本尼卡波旁菌来自古巴的记录可以追溯到1933年,波本尼卡波旁菌传播到许多西印度群岛的时间似乎要晚得多。在佛罗里达州,波波尼卡是一种分布广泛的害虫,尽管相对较小的家庭和农业害虫,在一些更自然的环境中也很常见。波波尼卡是否会成为西印度群岛或新大陆其他地方的重要害虫还有待观察。
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引用次数: 0
Bioecology and Domiciliation of the Alkali Bee, Hoplonomia westwoodi (Gribodo, 1894) (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Nomiinae) from India 印度碱蜂Hoplonomia westwoodi(Gribodo,1894)的生物生态学和定居(膜翅目:Halectidae:Nomiinae)
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-17 DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v69i2.7339
K. Vijayakumar, Nayimabanu Taredahalli, Arati Pannure
We describe here nesting biology of Hoplonomia westwoodi, a common ground nesting solitary bee in India. A typical nest consisted of a straight main tunnel with the cells arranged horizontally at the end. Number of cells per nest ranged from 2 to 4 (x̄ = 2.67). Polypropylene bag and pot culture studies, to evaluate soil types preferred by the bees for nesting, showed that red soil + FYM (1:1) was the most preferred substrate with an average of 12.67 nests/bag. Maximum foraging activity was between 8:00 -13:00 hours. Though H. westwoodi bees were active throughout the year, higher foraging activity was observed between March to June.  The species being polylectic, foraged on flowers of several families including Myrtaceae, Lamiaceae, Portulacaceae, Convolvulaceae, Lythraceae, Meliaceae, Rubiaceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Malvaceae. A cleptoparasite, Eupetersia sp. was observed in the nests of H. westwoodi, which is the first record of Eupetersia sp. parasitisation on the genus Hoplonomia. 
我们在这里描述了一种在印度常见的地面筑巢独居蜜蜂Hoplonomia westwoodi的筑巢生物学。一个典型的巢由一个直的主隧道组成,细胞水平排列在末端。每个巢的细胞数从2到4不等(x′= 2.67)。聚丙烯袋和盆栽研究表明,红壤+ FYM(1:1)是蜜蜂筑巢首选的土壤类型,平均12.67个/袋。采食活动高峰时段为8:00 ~ 13:00。尽管西木蜂全年都很活跃,但在3月至6月期间观察到较高的觅食活动。该物种具有多电性,以桃金桃科、灯芯草科、马齿苋科、旋花草科、蓟科、茉莉科、茜草科、茄科、葫芦科、菊科、豆科和锦葵科的花为食。在家蝇巢中发现了一种欧洲绒螯虫,这是欧洲绒螯虫首次寄生在蚤属昆虫上。
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