Ultrahigh resolution cw dye laser spectrometer system using self frequency stabilised and temperature compensated piano-confocal reference cavity is described. The one way propagation is achieved by wavelength independent optical diode. The laser frequency selection and tuning is accomplished by a new development of Mach-Zehnder interferometer of free spectral range 42.5 GHz. In combination with computerised tunable radio frequency technique, the system capable of a resolution of about ± 1 KHz. Application on measureing high lying, weakly occupied metastable states of free atoms of Vanadium-51 is investigated, and high precision results is discussed.
{"title":"CW-Dye laser spectrometer for ultrahigh resolution spectroscopy: Design and performance","authors":"H. El-kashef","doi":"10.4236/OPJ.2014.48023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OPJ.2014.48023","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrahigh resolution cw dye laser spectrometer system using self frequency stabilised and temperature compensated piano-confocal reference cavity is described. The one way propagation is achieved by wavelength independent optical diode. The laser frequency selection and tuning is accomplished by a new development of Mach-Zehnder interferometer of free spectral range 42.5 GHz. In combination with computerised tunable radio frequency technique, the system capable of a resolution of about ± 1 KHz. Application on measureing high lying, weakly occupied metastable states of free atoms of Vanadium-51 is investigated, and high precision results is discussed.","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114792519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The problem of optical double resonance as shown in the Figure is a familiar one in optics.[1-3] In this case, a near-resonant field at frequency ν l connects level 1 with level 2 while a near resonant field at frequency v u connects level 2 with level 3. When level 2 is below level 3, the excitation of level 3 involves two photon absorption; if level 2 is above level 3, the excitation of level 3 is a Raman process.
{"title":"Radiative Renormalization Analysis of Optical Double Resonance","authors":"P. Kelley, P. Harshman, O. Blum, T. Gustafson","doi":"10.1364/JOSAB.11.002298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.11.002298","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of optical double resonance as shown in the Figure is a familiar one in optics.[1-3] In this case, a near-resonant field at frequency ν\u0000 l\u0000 connects level 1 with level 2 while a near resonant field at frequency v\u0000 u\u0000 connects level 2 with level 3. When level 2 is below level 3, the excitation of level 3 involves two photon absorption; if level 2 is above level 3, the excitation of level 3 is a Raman process.","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"2011 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125619247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-07-01DOI: 10.1016/0030-4018(93)90575-P
M. Gruneisen, S. Chakmakjian, E. D. Seeberger, Darron D. Lockett, C. Clayton
{"title":"Phase Locking Lasers viaPhase-Conjugate-Coupled Multimode Optical Fibers","authors":"M. Gruneisen, S. Chakmakjian, E. D. Seeberger, Darron D. Lockett, C. Clayton","doi":"10.1016/0030-4018(93)90575-P","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(93)90575-P","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126132251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A method for producing high-power broad-band coherent light via rotational Raman Stokes and anti-Stokes frequency generation in H2 is presented. A variety of potential applications include atmospheric imaging, ranging, and remote sensing. Another important potential application is producing a high-energy broad-band laser source to reduce plasma instabilities in inertial confinement fusion. The process presented here is divided into three steps. The polarization of the fields is tuned at each stage to control and optimize rotational Raman conversion. The system consists of a focused Stokes seed oscillator, collimated Stokes amplifier and a parametric mixer. A small Stokes seed is generated in a focused oscillator. A circularly polarized pump field is used here to supress parametric four-wave coupling, which insures good spatial beam quality and efficient energy conversion to first Stokes1. The circularly polarized Stokes seed is then combined with an opposite circularly polarized pump field in a collimated Raman amplifier. Again circular polarization suppresses competing parametric conversion to higher order Stokes or anti-Stokes fields. In the third stage a linearly polarized pump is combined with the amplified Stokes field, which is linearly polarized parallel to the pump and has comparable energy, in a collimated parametric mixer. Parallel linear polarization is used to maximize the parametric conversion in this final stage. Since collimated Raman cells are employed in the last two stages, this system in principle is scalable to large laser systems. This is a distinct advantage over conventional focused Raman systems 2,3, which by nature are limited in operation to small energy regimes by gas breakdown.
{"title":"Efficient High Power Stokes and Anti-Stokes Raman Frequency Generation via Polarization Tuning Enhancement","authors":"M. Hermann, M. Norton, L. Hackel, David R. Twede","doi":"10.1364/nlo.1992.tud12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.tud12","url":null,"abstract":"A method for producing high-power broad-band coherent light via rotational Raman Stokes and anti-Stokes frequency generation in H2 is presented. A variety of potential applications include atmospheric imaging, ranging, and remote sensing. Another important potential application is producing a high-energy broad-band laser source to reduce plasma instabilities in inertial confinement fusion. The process presented here is divided into three steps. The polarization of the fields is tuned at each stage to control and optimize rotational Raman conversion. The system consists of a focused Stokes seed oscillator, collimated Stokes amplifier and a parametric mixer. A small Stokes seed is generated in a focused oscillator. A circularly polarized pump field is used here to supress parametric four-wave coupling, which insures good spatial beam quality and efficient energy conversion to first Stokes1. The circularly polarized Stokes seed is then combined with an opposite circularly polarized pump field in a collimated Raman amplifier. Again circular polarization suppresses competing parametric conversion to higher order Stokes or anti-Stokes fields. In the third stage a linearly polarized pump is combined with the amplified Stokes field, which is linearly polarized parallel to the pump and has comparable energy, in a collimated parametric mixer. Parallel linear polarization is used to maximize the parametric conversion in this final stage. Since collimated Raman cells are employed in the last two stages, this system in principle is scalable to large laser systems. This is a distinct advantage over conventional focused Raman systems 2,3, which by nature are limited in operation to small energy regimes by gas breakdown.","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130840523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Effects of optoelectronic feedback on the dynamics of the semiconductor laser diode have attracted considerable attention. The optoelectronic feedback is utilized to generate optical short pulses[l] or to realize optical bistable devices[2]. In this paper we report self-pulsing, subharmonic generation, bistability, and chaos in a stable laser diode with delayed optoelectronic feedback.
{"title":"Self-pulsing, Spectral Bistablilty, and Chaos in a Semiconductor Laser Diode with Optoelectronic Feedback","authors":"Chang-Hee Lee, Sang-Yung Shin","doi":"10.1063/1.108520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.108520","url":null,"abstract":"Effects of optoelectronic feedback on the dynamics of the semiconductor laser diode have attracted considerable attention. The optoelectronic feedback is utilized to generate optical short pulses[l] or to realize optical bistable devices[2]. In this paper we report self-pulsing, subharmonic generation, bistability, and chaos in a stable laser diode with delayed optoelectronic feedback.","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131942371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reconfigurable waveguide structures will be the essential building blocks for an advanced, all-optical, photonics-based technology. In this context there is considerable interest in spatial solitons and their interactions to provide a means of switching and guiding beams in non-linear media1–4.
{"title":"Guiding Light by Light Using Dark Spatial Solitons","authors":"B. Luther-Davies, Xiaoping Yang","doi":"10.1364/OPN.3.12.000017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OPN.3.12.000017","url":null,"abstract":"Reconfigurable waveguide structures will be the essential building blocks for an advanced, all-optical, photonics-based technology. In this context there is considerable interest in spatial solitons and their interactions to provide a means of switching and guiding beams in non-linear media1–4.","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130465634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We have previously reported1 the observation of a large second-order nonlinearity in the near surface region of commercially available fused SiO2 windows induced by a combined temperature (200-325°C) and electric field (~ 30 kV/cm) preparation process. This preparation process includes heating the sample, in laboratory atmosphere, while applying a DC bias of 3-5 kV across the ~1.6 mm-thick samples with electrodes that are simply physically contacted to the sample. After several minutes at temperature, the sample is allowed to cool to room temperature with the bias field maintained. Following cooling, the bias field and the electrodes are removed and a permanent second-order nonlinearity is observed. This nonlinearity is monitored by second-harmonic generation, in transmission, using a Q-switched YAG laser source at 1.06 pm focused to an intensity of ~ 10MW/cm2.
{"title":"Large Second-Order Nonlinearity in Bulk and Thin-Film SiO2","authors":"R. A. Myers, N. Mukherjee, S. Brueck","doi":"10.1364/nlo.1992.ma3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.ma3","url":null,"abstract":"We have previously reported1 the observation of a large second-order nonlinearity in the near surface region of commercially available fused SiO2 windows induced by a combined temperature (200-325°C) and electric field (~ 30 kV/cm) preparation process. This preparation process includes heating the sample, in laboratory atmosphere, while applying a DC bias of 3-5 kV across the ~1.6 mm-thick samples with electrodes that are simply physically contacted to the sample. After several minutes at temperature, the sample is allowed to cool to room temperature with the bias field maintained. Following cooling, the bias field and the electrodes are removed and a permanent second-order nonlinearity is observed. This nonlinearity is monitored by second-harmonic generation, in transmission, using a Q-switched YAG laser source at 1.06 pm focused to an intensity of ~ 10MW/cm2.","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"29 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114104606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The method of integral equations of molecular optics [1] is based on the representation of the medium as the system of discrete oscillators and gives self-consistent description of the electromagnetic phenomena in medium without using operation of averaging when one comes from micro to macro-scopic field. In [2] the attempt has been made to apply method of integral equations to the nonlinear optics within the limits of the conception of local (microscopic) field. For justification of the corner-stone assumption that non-lineal polarization satisfies the wave equation it is necessary to assume the number of rather strict restrictions — plane pumping wave, plane interface between the media, approximation of given field and so on. In [3] this problem was solved in a general case without the above-mentioned assumptions but only for nonmagnetic medium with dipole mechanism of nonlinearity.
{"title":"Method of integral equations and extinction theorem in volumetric and surface phenomena in nonlinear optics","authors":"A. V. Ghiner, G. Surdutovich","doi":"10.1364/nlo.1992.tud8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.tud8","url":null,"abstract":"The method of integral equations of molecular optics [1] is based on the representation of the medium as the system of discrete oscillators and gives self-consistent description of the electromagnetic phenomena in medium without using operation of averaging when one comes from micro to macro-scopic field. In [2] the attempt has been made to apply method of integral equations to the nonlinear optics within the limits of the conception of local (microscopic) field. For justification of the corner-stone assumption that non-lineal polarization satisfies the wave equation it is necessary to assume the number of rather strict restrictions — plane pumping wave, plane interface between the media, approximation of given field and so on. In [3] this problem was solved in a general case without the above-mentioned assumptions but only for nonmagnetic medium with dipole mechanism of nonlinearity.","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"9 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122456046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-03-01DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-84910-7_36
D. Kane, R. Trebino
{"title":"Single-Shot Measurement of the Intensity and Phase of a Femtosecond Pulse Using the Optical-Kerr Effect","authors":"D. Kane, R. Trebino","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-84910-7_36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84910-7_36","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"58 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132844198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Völcker, W. Krieger, Takayuki Suzuki, H. Walther
The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) was the starting point for the development of numerous new methods to obtain atom-resolved surface information. In the usual mode the STM produces images of the local density of states at the surface. New modifications of the STM allow the generation of surface images with quantities such as atomic forces, photon emission, temperature, and ion conductance, as well as images with spectroscopic information. In some of these experiments new modes of operation have been introduced where the distance dependence of these quantities is used to control the width of the tunneling gap of the STM.
{"title":"Laser-Assisted Scanning Tunneling Microscopy","authors":"M. Völcker, W. Krieger, Takayuki Suzuki, H. Walther","doi":"10.1116/1.585564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1116/1.585564","url":null,"abstract":"The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) was the starting point for the development of numerous new methods to obtain atom-resolved surface information. In the usual mode the STM produces images of the local density of states at the surface. New modifications of the STM allow the generation of surface images with quantities such as atomic forces, photon emission, temperature, and ion conductance, as well as images with spectroscopic information. In some of these experiments new modes of operation have been introduced where the distance dependence of these quantities is used to control the width of the tunneling gap of the STM.","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116473819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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