A semiconductor material which has been widely studied for its optical properties is Indium Antimonide. It shows a usable optical nonlinearity at room temperature in the 9-11 μm wavelength range of the CO2 laser which is of importance in many applications.
{"title":"Nonlinear optical parameters for InSb at 10.6μm using microsecond pulses","authors":"A.E. Smith, R. Mcduff, N. Heckenberg, Chun-fei Li","doi":"10.1364/nlo.1992.md3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.md3","url":null,"abstract":"A semiconductor material which has been widely studied for its optical properties is Indium Antimonide. It shows a usable optical nonlinearity at room temperature in the 9-11 μm wavelength range of the CO2 laser which is of importance in many applications.","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114996971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Lindle, J. Shirk, S. Flom, Z. Kafafi, R. Pong, F. J. Bartoli
Recent degenerate-four wave mixing (DFWM) studies, performed on C60 [1] and phthalocyanines (Pc) [2] at 1064 nm have shown that these materials possess large optical nonlinearities. The highly delocalized π-electron system within these materials is believed to contribute significantly to the observed nonlinear optical response. In addition, it has been shown in the case of the phthalocyanines that the introduction or modification of low lying electronic states by metal substitution can enhance the optical nonlinearity. There is also evidence that optical pumping to long-lived excited states [2] contributes significantly to the nonlinear response in some of the phthalocyanines. Two photon excitation of these electronic states may also occur. It is the purpose of this paper to investigate the contribution that optical pumping and nonlinear absorption make to the nonlinear response of the material.
{"title":"Nonlinear Absorption Coefficient of C60 and Metal-Free Phthalocyanine at 1064 nm","authors":"J. Lindle, J. Shirk, S. Flom, Z. Kafafi, R. Pong, F. J. Bartoli","doi":"10.1364/nlo.1992.md4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.md4","url":null,"abstract":"Recent degenerate-four wave mixing (DFWM) studies, performed on C60 [1] and phthalocyanines (Pc) [2] at 1064 nm have shown that these materials possess large optical nonlinearities. The highly delocalized π-electron system within these materials is believed to contribute significantly to the observed nonlinear optical response. In addition, it has been shown in the case of the phthalocyanines that the introduction or modification of low lying electronic states by metal substitution can enhance the optical nonlinearity. There is also evidence that optical pumping to long-lived excited states [2] contributes significantly to the nonlinear response in some of the phthalocyanines. Two photon excitation of these electronic states may also occur. It is the purpose of this paper to investigate the contribution that optical pumping and nonlinear absorption make to the nonlinear response of the material.","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115452843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The beam quality of solid state lasers with high average power is limited by the wave front distortions caused by the active material. Thermal lensing and birefringence of the laser rods at high pump powers are the most disturbing effects. Consequently, the repetition rate of high power pulsed laser systems and the pump power cannot be varied in a wide range without changing the transversal mode structure or even the whole configuration of the system.
{"title":"Pulsed Nd-Lasers with phase-conjugating SBS-mirrors","authors":"H. Eichler, R. Menzel, D. Schumann","doi":"10.1364/nlo.1992.mb3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.mb3","url":null,"abstract":"The beam quality of solid state lasers with high average power is limited by the wave front distortions caused by the active material. Thermal lensing and birefringence of the laser rods at high pump powers are the most disturbing effects. Consequently, the repetition rate of high power pulsed laser systems and the pump power cannot be varied in a wide range without changing the transversal mode structure or even the whole configuration of the system.","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"28 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120854090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Bel'dyugin, N. Bel'dyugina, M. V. Mel'kumov, K. A. Sviridov
The possible applications of double phase conjugation effect (DPC) such as optical computing, image processing and so on attracted investigators last few years. The realization of DPC was successfully fulfilled in photorefractive crystalls [1]. Meanwhile DPC in nonlocal responce media is seemed to be desirable due to considerable nonlinearities of some of such media. In addition these media are more available. However, when reflected waves were otained in experiments they were not phase conjugated [2]. In this work we treat conditions of phase conjugated wave generation in nonlocal responce medium.
{"title":"On a Possibility of Double Phase Conjugated Wave Generation in local responce media","authors":"I. Bel'dyugin, N. Bel'dyugina, M. V. Mel'kumov, K. A. Sviridov","doi":"10.1364/nlo.1992.tud29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.tud29","url":null,"abstract":"The possible applications of double phase conjugation effect (DPC) such as optical computing, image processing and so on attracted investigators last few years. The realization of DPC was successfully fulfilled in photorefractive crystalls [1]. Meanwhile DPC in nonlocal responce media is seemed to be desirable due to considerable nonlinearities of some of such media. In addition these media are more available. However, when reflected waves were otained in experiments they were not phase conjugated [2]. In this work we treat conditions of phase conjugated wave generation in nonlocal responce medium.","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126934318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Interference filters generated in fotorefractive materials have only been investigated very briefly in the literature1. In the present analysis the configuration for the interference filter is shown in Fig. 1. Two coherent laserbeams E1 and E2 are incident on a photorefractive barium titanate (BaTiO3) crystal. Due to the photorefractive effect2 these two incident beams induce a periodic change, with periodicity Λ, in the refractive index of the crystal. A third beam, E3, incident along the x-direction experiences varying layers of high and low index of refraction. The situation experienced by E3 is analogous to that experienced in a multilayer dielectric mirror3 with alternating quaterwave layers of high and low index.
{"title":"Photorefractive Interference Filters: Theory and Application","authors":"P. Johansen, P. Petersen","doi":"10.1364/nlo.1992.wb5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.wb5","url":null,"abstract":"Interference filters generated in fotorefractive materials have only been investigated very briefly in the literature1. In the present analysis the configuration for the interference filter is shown in Fig. 1. Two coherent laserbeams E1 and E2 are incident on a photorefractive barium titanate (BaTiO3) crystal. Due to the photorefractive effect2 these two incident beams induce a periodic change, with periodicity Λ, in the refractive index of the crystal. A third beam, E3, incident along the x-direction experiences varying layers of high and low index of refraction. The situation experienced by E3 is analogous to that experienced in a multilayer dielectric mirror3 with alternating quaterwave layers of high and low index.","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115089451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dark soliton stripes (DSS’s) and grids were recently discovered in the cross-section of a laser beam [1] which propagates through a self-defocusing medium. Now we find that a dark soliton stripe can spawn optical vortex pairs of opposite topological charge when subjected to transverse modulations whose period exceeds the soliton size. We have also observed vortices even when solitons are not allowed. This phenomenon can be described by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS), which also describes vortices in superfluids. To our knowledge, these are the first observations of stationary vortices in a single pass nonlinear optical system.
{"title":"Nonlinear Optical Vortices","authors":"G. Swartzlander, C. Law","doi":"10.1364/nlo.1992.tuc3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.tuc3","url":null,"abstract":"Dark soliton stripes (DSS’s) and grids were recently discovered in the cross-section of a laser beam [1] which propagates through a self-defocusing medium. Now we find that a dark soliton stripe can spawn optical vortex pairs of opposite topological charge when subjected to transverse modulations whose period exceeds the soliton size. We have also observed vortices even when solitons are not allowed. This phenomenon can be described by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS), which also describes vortices in superfluids. To our knowledge, these are the first observations of stationary vortices in a single pass nonlinear optical system.","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114247150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spatial optical solitons are self-trapped optical beams that propagate without changing their spatial shape. This behaviour is caused by the competing effects of diffraction and selfocusing in a non-linear medium. Zakharov and Shaba(1) explained the connection between self-trapping and soliton theory. They also showed the complete analogy between temporal solitons, in wich the nonlinear phase modulation balances dispersion and spatial solitons in wich the non-linear index profile balances diffraction.
{"title":"Temporal Modulation of Spatial Optical Solitons: A Variational Approach","authors":"H. Michinel, R. de la Fuente, J. Liñares","doi":"10.1364/nlo.1992.pd8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.pd8","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial optical solitons are self-trapped optical beams that propagate without changing their spatial shape. This behaviour is caused by the competing effects of diffraction and selfocusing in a non-linear medium. Zakharov and Shaba(1) explained the connection between self-trapping and soliton theory. They also showed the complete analogy between temporal solitons, in wich the nonlinear phase modulation balances dispersion and spatial solitons in wich the non-linear index profile balances diffraction.","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114444207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Organic nonlinear optical (NLO) materials offer the advantages of high intrinsic figures of merit for a number of useful nonlinear optical processes, low dielectric constant, moderate required processing temperatures, and the ability to use molecular engineering to modify a host of secondary properties {1}. In polymer form, organic NLO materials have important advantages for fabrication of complicated multilayer optical waveguide structures on large, low cost substrates and offer the potential for integration with conventional electronics components {2}. In this talk, applications of polymeric NLO materials for frequency doubling, electro-optic modulation and switching, photorefraction, and photonic switching will be considered.
{"title":"Assessment of Polymeric Materials for Nonlinear Optics","authors":"G. Bjorklund","doi":"10.1364/nlo.1992.fb1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.fb1","url":null,"abstract":"Organic nonlinear optical (NLO) materials offer the advantages of high intrinsic figures of merit for a number of useful nonlinear optical processes, low dielectric constant, moderate required processing temperatures, and the ability to use molecular engineering to modify a host of secondary properties {1}. In polymer form, organic NLO materials have important advantages for fabrication of complicated multilayer optical waveguide structures on large, low cost substrates and offer the potential for integration with conventional electronics components {2}. In this talk, applications of polymeric NLO materials for frequency doubling, electro-optic modulation and switching, photorefraction, and photonic switching will be considered.","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116851459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical nonlinearity is an important process for generating nonclassical states of the light such as squeezed states[1] and nonclassical correlation states [2]. We will demonstrate a new type of nonlinearity, electro-optic nonlinearity in a hybrid AOM device, for generating nonclassical states. The electro-optic nonlinearity in the hybrid devices has been widely used in the studies of optical bistability and chaos [3]. The main difference between the hibrid OB device and our squeezing AOM device is that in the OB case the feedback optic-electron signal is in relation to the intensity of the output light, but in the squeezing case the feedback signal is proportional to the photocurrent fluctution which is in relation to the quadrature phase fluctuation or to the intensity fluctuation of the output light.
{"title":"Generation of nonclassical states of the light by electro-optic nonlinear effects","authors":"W. Yuzhu, Liang Yongqing, Yin Jiangping","doi":"10.1364/nlo.1992.tub7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.tub7","url":null,"abstract":"Optical nonlinearity is an important process for generating nonclassical states of the light such as squeezed states[1] and nonclassical correlation states [2]. We will demonstrate a new type of nonlinearity, electro-optic nonlinearity in a hybrid AOM device, for generating nonclassical states. The electro-optic nonlinearity in the hybrid devices has been widely used in the studies of optical bistability and chaos [3]. The main difference between the hibrid OB device and our squeezing AOM device is that in the OB case the feedback optic-electron signal is in relation to the intensity of the output light, but in the squeezing case the feedback signal is proportional to the photocurrent fluctution which is in relation to the quadrature phase fluctuation or to the intensity fluctuation of the output light.","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"17 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120922528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Eichler, R. Elschner, G. Heppke, R. Macdonald, H. Schmid
In recent years laser adressing of liquid-crystalline polymers have been extensively studied owing to their suitability for optical information storage. However, many practical applications of polymers are somewhat limited because of their high viscosity, which can be several orders of magnitude larger than their low molar mass analogues [1]. Recently we report on the possibility to use low molar mass liquid crystals in optical information and data processing systems as holographic recording materials [2].
{"title":"Reversible optical storage effects in low molar mass chiral liquid crystals","authors":"H. Eichler, R. Elschner, G. Heppke, R. Macdonald, H. Schmid","doi":"10.1364/nlo.1992.md19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.md19","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years laser adressing of liquid-crystalline polymers have been extensively studied owing to their suitability for optical information storage. However, many practical applications of polymers are somewhat limited because of their high viscosity, which can be several orders of magnitude larger than their low molar mass analogues [1]. Recently we report on the possibility to use low molar mass liquid crystals in optical information and data processing systems as holographic recording materials [2].","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114629452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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