B. Wherrett, J. Bolger, A. Kar, I. Galbraith, S. Wang, J. Simpson, K. Prior, B. Cavenett
An explosion of interest in ZnSe based optoelectronic devices has followed the reports of diode laser action associated with this material [1,2]. We have, over a period of years, been investigating the nonlinear optical properties of bulk and thin-film ZnSe, initially with concern for all-optical switches and logic elements employing either optothermal or optoelectronic mechanisms. Degenerate-four-wave-mixing, nonlinear Fabry-Perot and z-scan techniques have been employed to measure the absorption cross-sections and induced refractive indices at cw, nanosecond and subpicosecond timescales, with particular concern for near-gap enhancements [3-6].
{"title":"Picosecond Nonlinear Optics of and Stimulated Emission from n- and p-type MBE ZnSe","authors":"B. Wherrett, J. Bolger, A. Kar, I. Galbraith, S. Wang, J. Simpson, K. Prior, B. Cavenett","doi":"10.1364/nlo.1992.mc4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.mc4","url":null,"abstract":"An explosion of interest in ZnSe based optoelectronic devices has followed the reports of diode laser action associated with this material [1,2]. We have, over a period of years, been investigating the nonlinear optical properties of bulk and thin-film ZnSe, initially with concern for all-optical switches and logic elements employing either optothermal or optoelectronic mechanisms. Degenerate-four-wave-mixing, nonlinear Fabry-Perot and z-scan techniques have been employed to measure the absorption cross-sections and induced refractive indices at cw, nanosecond and subpicosecond timescales, with particular concern for near-gap enhancements [3-6].","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127747136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pattern recognition methodology is extremely important for robotics vision applications especially in the present era of automation. Perhaps one of the most well-known and important class of techniques of pattern recognition is the Vander Lugt matched filter correlator1 and its related methods2-3. In the optical implementations of the matched filter correlator, the technique involves the storage of the Fourier transform, via a thin lens, of the amplitude and phase of an image in a recording medium and later addressing the stored information by the Fourier transform of a new input. When the inverse Fourier transform of the multiplication of the two Fourier transforms are taken, cross-correlation between the new input and the stored is obtained. The cross—correlation intensity is a measure of the similarity between the two images. In the digital implementations, the Fourier transform operation is accomplished sequentially by electronics instead of the parallel transformation of a thin lens. Although the matched filter method is effective in recognizing an input image with the advantage of shift invariant, the question of whether the process emulates biological vision process is difficult if not impossible to answer.
{"title":"Bifurcating Neuromorphic Optical Pattern Recognition in Photorefractive Crystals","authors":"Hua-Kuang Liu","doi":"10.1364/nlo.1992.thb2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.thb2","url":null,"abstract":"Pattern recognition methodology is extremely important for robotics vision applications especially in the present era of automation. Perhaps one of the most well-known and important class of techniques of pattern recognition is the Vander Lugt matched filter correlator1 and its related methods2-3. In the optical implementations of the matched filter correlator, the technique involves the storage of the Fourier transform, via a thin lens, of the amplitude and phase of an image in a recording medium and later addressing the stored information by the Fourier transform of a new input. When the inverse Fourier transform of the multiplication of the two Fourier transforms are taken, cross-correlation between the new input and the stored is obtained. The cross—correlation intensity is a measure of the similarity between the two images. In the digital implementations, the Fourier transform operation is accomplished sequentially by electronics instead of the parallel transformation of a thin lens. Although the matched filter method is effective in recognizing an input image with the advantage of shift invariant, the question of whether the process emulates biological vision process is difficult if not impossible to answer.","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133551653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. V. Van Stryland, G. Stegeman, R. DeSalvo, D. Hagan, M. Sheik-Bahae
The cascading of second order nonlinearities (χ(2): χ(2) to induce a nonlinear phase distortion on the input beam has recently received considerable attention[1,2] We estimate that materials with large second order nonlinearities (≃102 pm/V) will give rise to effective nonlinear refractive indices, n 2 eff , of 10–12 to 10–10 esu. These nonlinearities are truly nonresonant and can be in a lossless spectral region (i.e. loss determined by impurities and defects). An important difference between this nonlinearity and a true χ(3) nonlinearity is that the sign is readily changed by, for example, changing the phase matching condition.
{"title":"Cascading of χ(2) for χ(3) Nonlinearities","authors":"E. V. Van Stryland, G. Stegeman, R. DeSalvo, D. Hagan, M. Sheik-Bahae","doi":"10.1364/nlo.1992.ma2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.ma2","url":null,"abstract":"The cascading of second order nonlinearities (χ(2): χ(2) to induce a nonlinear phase distortion on the input beam has recently received considerable attention[1,2] We estimate that materials with large second order nonlinearities (≃102 pm/V) will give rise to effective nonlinear refractive indices, \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 n\u0000 2\u0000 \u0000 eff\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 , of 10–12 to 10–10 esu. These nonlinearities are truly nonresonant and can be in a lossless spectral region (i.e. loss determined by impurities and defects). An important difference between this nonlinearity and a true χ(3) nonlinearity is that the sign is readily changed by, for example, changing the phase matching condition.","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"33 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133389666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The close synergism between experiment and theory for Rayleigh-Benard fluid convection has led to the development of sophisticated theoretical models which accurately predict the onset of widely diverse pattern forming turbulent convection. Close to threshold a multiple scales weakly nonlinear analysis yields a universal class of amplitude equations which accurately predict the formation of roll, hexagon, defect patterns and various instabilities of the underlying roll solutions. An elegant study by Busse of the nonlinear regime established that turbulent patterns and stable rolls could coexist beyond the first instability threshold.
{"title":"Optical turbulence in wide gain section lasers: An analogy with large aspect ratio fluids.","authors":"P. Jakobsen, S. Wenden, J. Moloney, A. Newell","doi":"10.1364/nlo.1992.tuc4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.tuc4","url":null,"abstract":"The close synergism between experiment and theory for Rayleigh-Benard fluid convection has led to the development of sophisticated theoretical models which accurately predict the onset of widely diverse pattern forming turbulent convection. Close to threshold a multiple scales weakly nonlinear analysis yields a universal class of amplitude equations which accurately predict the formation of roll, hexagon, defect patterns and various instabilities of the underlying roll solutions. An elegant study by Busse of the nonlinear regime established that turbulent patterns and stable rolls could coexist beyond the first instability threshold.","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"109 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133813357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper will first describe the optoelectronic generation and detection of freely-propagating fsec pulses of THz electromagnetic radiation, and then applications of the optoelectronic THz beam system to THz time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) will be presented. Via optoelectronic excitation, a transient point source of THz radiation is generated at the focus of a dielectric collimating lens, followed by an additional paraboloidal focusing and collimating mirror. This source produces well collimated beams of fsec pulses of THz radiation. Matched to an identical receiver, the resulting system has extremely high collection efficiency (1). With a demonstrated signal-to-noise ratio of 1000, a time resolution of less than 150 fsec and a frequency range from 0.2 THz to more than 5 THz, the performance of this optoelectronic THz system is limited by the intrinsic response time of the semiconductor (2).
{"title":"Time-Domain Spectroscopy with Fsec Pulses of THz Radiation","authors":"D. Grischkowsky","doi":"10.1364/nlo.1992.tuc2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.tuc2","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will first describe the optoelectronic generation and detection of freely-propagating fsec pulses of THz electromagnetic radiation, and then applications of the optoelectronic THz beam system to THz time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) will be presented. Via optoelectronic excitation, a transient point source of THz radiation is generated at the focus of a dielectric collimating lens, followed by an additional paraboloidal focusing and collimating mirror. This source produces well collimated beams of fsec pulses of THz radiation. Matched to an identical receiver, the resulting system has extremely high collection efficiency (1). With a demonstrated signal-to-noise ratio of 1000, a time resolution of less than 150 fsec and a frequency range from 0.2 THz to more than 5 THz, the performance of this optoelectronic THz system is limited by the intrinsic response time of the semiconductor (2).","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116764362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We consider all-optical switching phenomena for solitons in the dual-core nonlinear coupler with amplification. The switching characteristics for soliton case are found. It is shown that Raman effect inhibits the switching conditions.
{"title":"Soliton switching in a dual-core active fiber nonlinear coupler.","authors":"F. Abdullaev, S. Darmanyan, V. Goncharov","doi":"10.1364/nlo.1992.tud15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.tud15","url":null,"abstract":"We consider all-optical switching phenomena for solitons in the dual-core nonlinear coupler with amplification. The switching characteristics for soliton case are found. It is shown that Raman effect inhibits the switching conditions.","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"339 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115886073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Semiorganic Nonlinear Optical Materials","authors":"T. Chang","doi":"10.1364/nlo.1992.fa8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.fa8","url":null,"abstract":"Summary not available at press time.","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115476604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1. One of the features in ultrashort time-resolved nonlinear coherent scattering spectroscopy is creation of a transient intermolecular coherence in molecular liquids. 1,2 For example, teraheltz quantum beats appear in time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and time-resolved impulsive stimulated Raman scattering (ISRS) profiles as a result of the creation of the intermolecular vibrational coherence. Such time-resolved profiles provide us information on the mechanism of the intermolecular dynamics. Recently, Nelson group has reported the time-resolved ISRS profile of dibromomethane liquid.2 The most distinctive feature is the appearance of 5.2 teraheltz quantum beat with two apparent decay components. The quantum beat is associated with the creation of intermolecular, vibrational coherence between Raman transitions of 173 cm-1 bending mode of dibromomethane molecules at different sites. The time-development behavior was not clarified from the microscopic point of view.
{"title":"Origin of ultrafast dynamics in time-resolved impulsive stimulated Raman scattering (ISRS) from molecules in liquids.","authors":"M. Hayashi, Y. Fujimura","doi":"10.1364/nlo.1992.tud3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.tud3","url":null,"abstract":"1. One of the features in ultrashort time-resolved nonlinear coherent scattering spectroscopy is creation of a transient intermolecular coherence in molecular liquids. 1,2 For example, teraheltz quantum beats appear in time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and time-resolved impulsive stimulated Raman scattering (ISRS) profiles as a result of the creation of the intermolecular vibrational coherence. Such time-resolved profiles provide us information on the mechanism of the intermolecular dynamics. Recently, Nelson group has reported the time-resolved ISRS profile of dibromomethane liquid.2 The most distinctive feature is the appearance of 5.2 teraheltz quantum beat with two apparent decay components. The quantum beat is associated with the creation of intermolecular, vibrational coherence between Raman transitions of 173 cm-1 bending mode of dibromomethane molecules at different sites. The time-development behavior was not clarified from the microscopic point of view.","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123458652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study of nonlinear optical effects in semiconductor multi quantum well (MQW) subbands and the related applications is a subject of current interest. Greatly enhanced second order nonlinearities, as compared to those in bulk materials, have been observed by different groups. Recently third order nonlinear effects were probed: via the DC Kerr effect(1), where very large enhancement ratios over bulk values were observed, and using a four wave mixing scheme(2) to measure a large χ(3), all in GaAs/AlGaAs superlattices.
{"title":"Phase conjugation at 10.6 μm via intersubband third order nonlinearities in multi quantum well structures","authors":"I. Gravé, M. Segev, A. Yariv","doi":"10.1364/nlo.1992.mb4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.mb4","url":null,"abstract":"The study of nonlinear optical effects in semiconductor multi quantum well (MQW) subbands and the related applications is a subject of current interest. Greatly enhanced second order nonlinearities, as compared to those in bulk materials, have been observed by different groups. Recently third order nonlinear effects were probed: via the DC Kerr effect(1), where very large enhancement ratios over bulk values were observed, and using a four wave mixing scheme(2) to measure a large χ(3), all in GaAs/AlGaAs superlattices.","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123478284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present theoretical calculations of an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) containing, in addition to the OPO crystal, a crystal for intracavity sum-frequency generation (SFG). The latter crystal combines light at the pump frequency ω p with light at the OPO signal frequency ω s to produce the desired frequency ω d = ω p + ω s . Only the frequency ω s oscillates in the cavity. This system is modeled in the plane-wave approximation for both spatial orderings of the crystals. The pump power is ultimately converted to the desired radiation, to idler radiation of frequency ω i =2ω p – ω d , and to cavity losses at frequency ω s . Since the ω i and ω d radiation grows from zero on each pass, changes in the cavity length do not produce interference effects. The choice of crystal for the OPO is limited by the requirement that this crystal transmit the long-wavelength idler. With proper choice of design parameters, little pump power remains unconverted by the two crystals over an extended range of the incident pump intensity. In steady-state operation the ratio η of the photon flux emitted at ω d to the photon flux incident at ω p can be nearly 0.5.
我们提出了一个光学参量振荡器(OPO)的理论计算，除了OPO晶体外，还包含一个腔内和频产生(SFG)晶体。后一种晶体将泵浦频率ω p的光与OPO信号频率ω s的光结合，产生所需的频率ω d = ω p + ω s。只有频率ω s在腔中振荡。该系统是在平面波近似晶体的两个空间顺序。泵功率最终转换为所需的辐射，频率为ω i =2ω p - ω d的空闲辐射和频率为ω s的腔损失。由于ω i和ω d辐射在每次通过时都从零开始增长，因此腔长的变化不会产生干扰效应。OPO晶体的选择受限于该晶体传输长波长闲散信号的要求。在适当选择设计参数的情况下，在较大的入射泵浦强度范围内，两个晶体未转换的泵浦功率很小。稳态运行时，在ω d处发射的光子通量与在ω p处入射的光子通量之比η可以接近0.5。
{"title":"Optical Parametric Oscillation with Intracavity Sum-Frequency Generation","authors":"G. Moore, K. Koch","doi":"10.1364/nlo.1992.we23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.we23","url":null,"abstract":"We present theoretical calculations of an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) containing, in addition to the OPO crystal, a crystal for intracavity sum-frequency generation (SFG). The latter crystal combines light at the pump frequency ω\u0000 p\u0000 with light at the OPO signal frequency ω\u0000 s\u0000 to produce the desired frequency ω\u0000 d\u0000 = ω\u0000 p\u0000 + ω\u0000 s\u0000 . Only the frequency ω\u0000 s\u0000 oscillates in the cavity. This system is modeled in the plane-wave approximation for both spatial orderings of the crystals. The pump power is ultimately converted to the desired radiation, to idler radiation of frequency ω\u0000 i\u0000 =2ω\u0000 p\u0000 – ω\u0000 d\u0000 , and to cavity losses at frequency ω\u0000 s\u0000 . Since the ω\u0000 i\u0000 and ω\u0000 d\u0000 radiation grows from zero on each pass, changes in the cavity length do not produce interference effects. The choice of crystal for the OPO is limited by the requirement that this crystal transmit the long-wavelength idler. With proper choice of design parameters, little pump power remains unconverted by the two crystals over an extended range of the incident pump intensity. In steady-state operation the ratio η of the photon flux emitted at ω\u0000 d\u0000 to the photon flux incident at ω\u0000 p\u0000 can be nearly 0.5.","PeriodicalId":219832,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129210390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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