Low-permeability (LP) tumor vasculature constitutes a major barrier to efficient nanomedicine delivery, making quantitative assessment and mechanistic understanding of vascular permeability essential for the rational design of delivery strategies. Here, we introduce a deep learning-guided microneedle (MN) delivery platform that enables localized and spatiotemporally precise modulation of tumor vasculature to enhance nanoparticle extravasation. By integrating the MN system with an upgraded single-vessel analysis framework (nano-ISML 1.1), we quantitatively mapped vascular remodeling and nanoparticle transport across diverse tumor types and particle sizes. Localized histamine delivery via MNs selectively expanded endothelial junctions through VE-cadherin-mediated regulation, significantly increasing the frequency and length of interendothelial gaps, and thereby reprogramming LP tumors toward a high-permeability phenotype. This controlled vascular remodeling established a pronounced size-dependent permeability window, defined by locally induced gap dimensions that varied across tumor types, permitting efficient penetration of nanoparticles ≤200 nm while largely excluding particles >500 nm. By uniting nanotechnology, vascular biology, and artificial intelligence, this interdisciplinary framework provides a mechanistic and predictive paradigm for overcoming vascular barriers and advancing the rational design of tumor-targeted nanomedicines.
{"title":"Redefining Tumor Vascular Permeability through Deep Learning-Guided Microneedle Delivery","authors":"Jingwei Tian,Mingsheng Zhu,Zhenyu Guan,Jianxin Liu,Yuanke Li,Qiqi Liu,Yingqi Miao,Jin Wu,Che Zhou,Xiangyang Wang,Jie Zhuang,Xinglu Huang","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c16558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c16558","url":null,"abstract":"Low-permeability (LP) tumor vasculature constitutes a major barrier to efficient nanomedicine delivery, making quantitative assessment and mechanistic understanding of vascular permeability essential for the rational design of delivery strategies. Here, we introduce a deep learning-guided microneedle (MN) delivery platform that enables localized and spatiotemporally precise modulation of tumor vasculature to enhance nanoparticle extravasation. By integrating the MN system with an upgraded single-vessel analysis framework (nano-ISML 1.1), we quantitatively mapped vascular remodeling and nanoparticle transport across diverse tumor types and particle sizes. Localized histamine delivery via MNs selectively expanded endothelial junctions through VE-cadherin-mediated regulation, significantly increasing the frequency and length of interendothelial gaps, and thereby reprogramming LP tumors toward a high-permeability phenotype. This controlled vascular remodeling established a pronounced size-dependent permeability window, defined by locally induced gap dimensions that varied across tumor types, permitting efficient penetration of nanoparticles ≤200 nm while largely excluding particles >500 nm. By uniting nanotechnology, vascular biology, and artificial intelligence, this interdisciplinary framework provides a mechanistic and predictive paradigm for overcoming vascular barriers and advancing the rational design of tumor-targeted nanomedicines.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jing Zhang, Ling-Hong Xiong, Ben Zhong Tang, Xuewen He
Biofilms formed by bacterial symbiosis significantly strengthen bacterial resistance to external interference and cause chronic infections. Herein, a chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) coarmed bacteriophage cocktail was developed to eradicate Staphylococcus aureus biofilms by conjugating aggregation-induced emission photosensitizer (AIE PSs), glucose oxidase (GOx), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on the bacteriophage surface. Leveraging the particular specificity of the bacteriophage toward host bacteria, the three conjugates can penetrate the biofilm and colocalize on the inner bacterial surface. When thus enriched, AIE PSs exhibited intensified fluorescence, enabling labeling and killing pathogens via photoirradiation-generated singlet oxygen. After combining AIE PSs with GOx/HRP, which can convert glucose nutrients into H2O2 and ultimately to hydroxyl radicals via cascade catalysis, the bactericidal efficiency was dramatically improved compared to individual phage-CDT (>468%) or phage-PDT (>290%) at the same PFU concentration of phage. The colocalized PSs and enzymes on the confined space of the bacterial surface are mutually promoted in the microenvironment of the biofilm, realizing synergistic enhancement. This strengthened bacteriophage cocktail offers an effective strategy for treating biofilm-related clinical superbug infections.
{"title":"Engineering Bacteriophage Cocktail with Mutually Promoted Chemodynamic–Photodynamic Activity for Targeted and Synergistic Biofilm Eradication","authors":"Jing Zhang, Ling-Hong Xiong, Ben Zhong Tang, Xuewen He","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c19780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c19780","url":null,"abstract":"Biofilms formed by bacterial symbiosis significantly strengthen bacterial resistance to external interference and cause chronic infections. Herein, a chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) coarmed bacteriophage cocktail was developed to eradicate <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> biofilms by conjugating aggregation-induced emission photosensitizer (AIE PSs), glucose oxidase (GO<sub><i>x</i></sub>), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on the bacteriophage surface. Leveraging the particular specificity of the bacteriophage toward host bacteria, the three conjugates can penetrate the biofilm and colocalize on the inner bacterial surface. When thus enriched, AIE PSs exhibited intensified fluorescence, enabling labeling and killing pathogens via photoirradiation-generated singlet oxygen. After combining AIE PSs with GO<sub><i>x</i></sub>/HRP, which can convert glucose nutrients into H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and ultimately to hydroxyl radicals via cascade catalysis, the bactericidal efficiency was dramatically improved compared to individual phage-CDT (>468%) or phage-PDT (>290%) at the same PFU concentration of phage. The colocalized PSs and enzymes on the confined space of the bacterial surface are mutually promoted in the microenvironment of the biofilm, realizing synergistic enhancement. This strengthened bacteriophage cocktail offers an effective strategy for treating biofilm-related clinical superbug infections.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christian Bunker,Silas Hoffman,Shuanglong Liu,Xiao-Guang Zhang,Hai-Ping Cheng
While molecular spin qubits (MSQs) are a promising platform for quantum computing, read-out has been largely limited to electron paramagnetic resonance, which is often slow and requires a global system drive. Moreover, because one prerequisite for the Elzerman and Pauli spin blockade read-out mechanisms typical of semiconductor spin qubits is tunneling of electrons between sites, these read-out modalities are unavailable in MSQs. Here, we theoretically demonstrate electrical read-out of entangled MSQs via driven many-electron spin-unpolarized currents. In particular, using a time-dependent density matrix renormalization group approach, we simulate a maximally entangled MSQ pair between two electronic leads. Driving itinerant electrons between the two leads, we find that the conductance is greater when the MSQs are in the entangled singlet state compared to the entangled triplet state. This contrast in conductance is enhanced when the electronic density of states at the Fermi energy is large and for a narrow bandwidth. Our results are readily applicable to molecules supramolecularly functionalizing semiconductors with relatively flat bands, such as single-wall carbon nanotubes under a magnetic field.
{"title":"Using Near-Flat-Band Electrons for Read-Out of Molecular Spin Qubit Entangled States","authors":"Christian Bunker,Silas Hoffman,Shuanglong Liu,Xiao-Guang Zhang,Hai-Ping Cheng","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c16530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c16530","url":null,"abstract":"While molecular spin qubits (MSQs) are a promising platform for quantum computing, read-out has been largely limited to electron paramagnetic resonance, which is often slow and requires a global system drive. Moreover, because one prerequisite for the Elzerman and Pauli spin blockade read-out mechanisms typical of semiconductor spin qubits is tunneling of electrons between sites, these read-out modalities are unavailable in MSQs. Here, we theoretically demonstrate electrical read-out of entangled MSQs via driven many-electron spin-unpolarized currents. In particular, using a time-dependent density matrix renormalization group approach, we simulate a maximally entangled MSQ pair between two electronic leads. Driving itinerant electrons between the two leads, we find that the conductance is greater when the MSQs are in the entangled singlet state compared to the entangled triplet state. This contrast in conductance is enhanced when the electronic density of states at the Fermi energy is large and for a narrow bandwidth. Our results are readily applicable to molecules supramolecularly functionalizing semiconductors with relatively flat bands, such as single-wall carbon nanotubes under a magnetic field.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xingjun Liu,Jinghan Wang,Jiqiang Zhan,Qixin Wang,Xiaojing Lin,Hongpeng Li,Hongsen Li
Modulating the electronic structure of catalysts through external magnetic fields is a promising strategy for enhancing electrocatalytic activity, which has been successfully demonstrated in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), zinc-air batteries and lithium–sulfur batteries. However, conventional magnetic regulation approaches typically focus solely on spin-state modulation, neglecting the ion transport limitations in practical systems. Additionally, existing permanent magnets and ferromagnetic additives generate magnetic fields with limited intensity and nonuniform directionality, restricting their effectiveness. Herein, we propose a tip-enhanced magnetic-electric dual-field strategy by rationally designing ferromagnetic NiCo2O4 catalysts with nanotip architectures to address long-standing kinetic bottlenecks in aluminum–sulfur (Al–S) batteries. Finite element analysis demonstrates that the high-curvature tips significantly amplify local electric and magnetic fields by approximately 4.2- and 2.6-fold, respectively, under an external field. Moreover, the induced spin-state transition of Ni3+ to high-spin (HS) states enhances d-p orbital hybridization with polysulfide intermediates, effectively lowering reaction barriers. This dual enhancement synergistically promotes ion transport via magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects, leading to substantially reduced voltage hysteresis and markedly improved electrochemical performance, delivering a high reversible capacity of 513 mAh g–1 after 700 cycles in Al–S batteries. By integrating geometric field amplification with spin-state modulation, this work presents a highly efficient and scalable strategy for approach to designing high-performance catalysts for advanced Al–S batteries.
通过外加磁场调节催化剂的电子结构是提高电催化活性的一种很有前途的策略，这种策略已在析氧反应（OER）、锌空气电池和锂硫电池中得到了成功的证明。然而，传统的磁调节方法通常只关注自旋态调制，而忽略了实际系统中离子输运的限制。此外，现有的永磁体和铁磁添加剂产生的磁场强度有限，方向性不均匀，限制了它们的有效性。本文提出了一种尖端增强的磁电双场策略，通过合理设计具有纳米尖端结构的铁磁性NiCo2O4催化剂来解决铝硫（Al-S）电池长期存在的动力学瓶颈。有限元分析表明，在外加磁场作用下，高曲率尖端将局部电场和磁场分别放大约4.2倍和2.6倍。此外，Ni3+诱导的自旋态向高自旋态的转变增强了与多硫化物中间体的d-p轨道杂化，有效地降低了反应势垒。这种双重增强通过磁流体动力学（MHD）效应协同促进离子传输，从而大大降低了电压滞后，显著提高了电化学性能，在700次循环后，Al-S电池的可逆容量高达513 mAh g-1。通过将几何场放大与自旋态调制相结合，本研究为设计先进Al-S电池的高性能催化剂提供了一种高效且可扩展的策略。
{"title":"Dual-Field Amplification via Nanotip-Engineered Catalysts for Efficient Spin-State and Ion Regulation in Aluminum–Sulfur Batteries","authors":"Xingjun Liu,Jinghan Wang,Jiqiang Zhan,Qixin Wang,Xiaojing Lin,Hongpeng Li,Hongsen Li","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c16319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c16319","url":null,"abstract":"Modulating the electronic structure of catalysts through external magnetic fields is a promising strategy for enhancing electrocatalytic activity, which has been successfully demonstrated in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), zinc-air batteries and lithium–sulfur batteries. However, conventional magnetic regulation approaches typically focus solely on spin-state modulation, neglecting the ion transport limitations in practical systems. Additionally, existing permanent magnets and ferromagnetic additives generate magnetic fields with limited intensity and nonuniform directionality, restricting their effectiveness. Herein, we propose a tip-enhanced magnetic-electric dual-field strategy by rationally designing ferromagnetic NiCo2O4 catalysts with nanotip architectures to address long-standing kinetic bottlenecks in aluminum–sulfur (Al–S) batteries. Finite element analysis demonstrates that the high-curvature tips significantly amplify local electric and magnetic fields by approximately 4.2- and 2.6-fold, respectively, under an external field. Moreover, the induced spin-state transition of Ni3+ to high-spin (HS) states enhances d-p orbital hybridization with polysulfide intermediates, effectively lowering reaction barriers. This dual enhancement synergistically promotes ion transport via magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects, leading to substantially reduced voltage hysteresis and markedly improved electrochemical performance, delivering a high reversible capacity of 513 mAh g–1 after 700 cycles in Al–S batteries. By integrating geometric field amplification with spin-state modulation, this work presents a highly efficient and scalable strategy for approach to designing high-performance catalysts for advanced Al–S batteries.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanoparticle–protein corona interactions critically determine biological responses but remain poorly characterized in living systems due to the lack of noninvasive analytical tools. In this study, we developed a redox-omics strategy that facilitated the in situ mapping of corona composition by tracking cysteine thiol oxidation markers induced by nanoparticles. As a research tool, we synthesized natural-organic-matter-derived carbon dots (nCDs) with dual superoxide dismutase/catalase-mimetic activity. A global redox-omics analysis identified 104 proteins that demonstrated significant redox reactions in response to treatment with nCDs. In particular, we found that nCDs specifically induced a conformational change in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) by selectively reversing the oxidation of cysteine 269 (Cys269). In the mechanism, the site-specific reduction in cysteine 269 (Cys269) triggered a conformational switch of IDH1 that restored mitochondrial α-ketoglutarate flux and NADPH homeostasis, thereby blocking cytosolic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leakage and subsequent cGAS-STING-driven neuroinflammation. Crucially, the nCDs-mediated metabolic checkpoint control inhibited the pro-inflammatory (M1) phenotypes of microglia, thereby achieving therapeutic efficacy in both zebrafish and murine ischemic stroke models, without inducing detectable toxicity. Collectively, we developed a label-free platform enabling in situ decoding of protein corona interactions via redox-sensitive cysteine profiling, eliminating the need for nanoparticle surface modifications.
{"title":"In Situ Redox-Omics Decoding of Nanoparticle–Protein Corona Interactions Drives the Mitochondrial Metabolic-Immunological Mechanism in Microglia","authors":"Ze-Kun Chen,Ming Yu,Zhong-Yao Li,Ling-Li Zheng,Ji-Chao Zhang,Ting-Ting Liu,Zhuo Yang,Ling Li,Zhi-Yuan Lu,Tian-Tian Wei,Hua Wang,Bo Han,Wei Yu,Peng-Fei Tu,Ke-Wu Zeng","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c21740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c21740","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticle–protein corona interactions critically determine biological responses but remain poorly characterized in living systems due to the lack of noninvasive analytical tools. In this study, we developed a redox-omics strategy that facilitated the in situ mapping of corona composition by tracking cysteine thiol oxidation markers induced by nanoparticles. As a research tool, we synthesized natural-organic-matter-derived carbon dots (nCDs) with dual superoxide dismutase/catalase-mimetic activity. A global redox-omics analysis identified 104 proteins that demonstrated significant redox reactions in response to treatment with nCDs. In particular, we found that nCDs specifically induced a conformational change in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) by selectively reversing the oxidation of cysteine 269 (Cys269). In the mechanism, the site-specific reduction in cysteine 269 (Cys269) triggered a conformational switch of IDH1 that restored mitochondrial α-ketoglutarate flux and NADPH homeostasis, thereby blocking cytosolic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leakage and subsequent cGAS-STING-driven neuroinflammation. Crucially, the nCDs-mediated metabolic checkpoint control inhibited the pro-inflammatory (M1) phenotypes of microglia, thereby achieving therapeutic efficacy in both zebrafish and murine ischemic stroke models, without inducing detectable toxicity. Collectively, we developed a label-free platform enabling in situ decoding of protein corona interactions via redox-sensitive cysteine profiling, eliminating the need for nanoparticle surface modifications.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146139085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moo Hyun Kim, Ju-Young Kim, Jaemog Jung, Jungsu David Lah, Heehun Kim, Yong Won Kwon, Jinwoo Cheon, Jang-Ung Park, Jae-Hyun Lee
The pursuit of highly flexible and stretchable electronics has generated significant interest in liquid metal (LM) materials due to their remarkable mechanical and electrical properties. However, fully exploiting LM’s potential has been hampered by challenges in patterning them at high-resolution and integrating them on a large-scale, thereby limiting their control and practical applications. By modifying the surface of the LM oxide, we introduced sub-10 nm nanomagnets on the LM surface, creating magnetic LM nanohybrid particles (MagLPs). Applying a patterned external magnetic field, we achieved precise assembly of the MagLPs, enabling the high-resolution patterning of LM electrodes at ultrathin thicknesses (∼1 μm). The patterned MagLPs were subsequently transferred onto a stretchable substrate and demonstrated excellent mechanical and electrical characteristics (∼10 000 S/cm). Utilizing a photolithographically fabricated magnetic template, MagLP networks were patterned in wafer-scale production. This technique offers an unconventional engineering approach to the fabrication of stretchable electronics.
{"title":"Large-Scale and High-Resolution Patterning of Magnetic Liquid Metal Nanohybrid for Stretchable Circuits","authors":"Moo Hyun Kim, Ju-Young Kim, Jaemog Jung, Jungsu David Lah, Heehun Kim, Yong Won Kwon, Jinwoo Cheon, Jang-Ung Park, Jae-Hyun Lee","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c12929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c12929","url":null,"abstract":"The pursuit of highly flexible and stretchable electronics has generated significant interest in liquid metal (LM) materials due to their remarkable mechanical and electrical properties. However, fully exploiting LM’s potential has been hampered by challenges in patterning them at high-resolution and integrating them on a large-scale, thereby limiting their control and practical applications. By modifying the surface of the LM oxide, we introduced sub-10 nm nanomagnets on the LM surface, creating magnetic LM nanohybrid particles (MagLPs). Applying a patterned external magnetic field, we achieved precise assembly of the MagLPs, enabling the high-resolution patterning of LM electrodes at ultrathin thicknesses (∼1 μm). The patterned MagLPs were subsequently transferred onto a stretchable substrate and demonstrated excellent mechanical and electrical characteristics (∼10 000 S/cm). Utilizing a photolithographically fabricated magnetic template, MagLP networks were patterned in wafer-scale production. This technique offers an unconventional engineering approach to the fabrication of stretchable electronics.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is increasingly prevalent, and it is characterized by frequent recurrence and complex etiology. Aberrant ceruloplasmin (Cp) localization at the astrocytic endfeet, coupled with oxidative stress-induced dysregulation of iron regulatory proteins, is a central trigger of the iron dyshomeostasis that drives CAA progression. However, therapeutic strategies that specifically target iron transport regulation in astrocytes remain lacking. Here, we develop lattice-expanded Au/CeO2 with strong antioxidant capacity validated by DFT calculations. Its mesoporous architecture enables the loading of the phospholipase C inhibitor ET-18-OCH3, and further DAG peptide conjugation yields the astrocyte-targeted, biocompatible, and pluripotent nanomedicine DACe@ET. This nanoplatform stabilizes Cp at the astrocytic endfeet and restores the expression of DMT1 and FPN1. By suppressing anomalous Fe2+ influx while promoting efficient efflux and subsequent extracellular oxidation to nontoxic Fe3+, DACe@ET reestablishes a closed-loop Fe2+ export–oxidation system and restores iron homeostasis. In 3 × Tg mice, DACe@ET reduces cerebral iron deposition, decreases amyloid-β burden, attenuates neurodegeneration, and improves cognitive performance. This work demonstrates that restoring astrocytic iron trafficking hub function can serve as an effective therapeutic strategy for CAA, highlighting DACe@ET as a promising disease-modifying therapy with potential applicability to other neurological disorders marked by iron dyshomeostasis while establishing a foundation for future translational research.
{"title":"Astrocyte-Targeted Nanotherapeutics Modulate Iron Homeostasis in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy by Restoring the Astrocytic Trafficking Hub Function","authors":"Lingling Zhou,Yanjun Xu,Peng Yang,Jia Zhou,Mingkang Wang,Yixian Li,Xiyu Yang,Xuan Liu,Tianying Wang,Cui Yao,Kang Qian,Jing Wu,Yongkang Mu,Wenxian Du,Yuehua Li,Qizhi Zhang","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c16884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c16884","url":null,"abstract":"Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is increasingly prevalent, and it is characterized by frequent recurrence and complex etiology. Aberrant ceruloplasmin (Cp) localization at the astrocytic endfeet, coupled with oxidative stress-induced dysregulation of iron regulatory proteins, is a central trigger of the iron dyshomeostasis that drives CAA progression. However, therapeutic strategies that specifically target iron transport regulation in astrocytes remain lacking. Here, we develop lattice-expanded Au/CeO2 with strong antioxidant capacity validated by DFT calculations. Its mesoporous architecture enables the loading of the phospholipase C inhibitor ET-18-OCH3, and further DAG peptide conjugation yields the astrocyte-targeted, biocompatible, and pluripotent nanomedicine DACe@ET. This nanoplatform stabilizes Cp at the astrocytic endfeet and restores the expression of DMT1 and FPN1. By suppressing anomalous Fe2+ influx while promoting efficient efflux and subsequent extracellular oxidation to nontoxic Fe3+, DACe@ET reestablishes a closed-loop Fe2+ export–oxidation system and restores iron homeostasis. In 3 × Tg mice, DACe@ET reduces cerebral iron deposition, decreases amyloid-β burden, attenuates neurodegeneration, and improves cognitive performance. This work demonstrates that restoring astrocytic iron trafficking hub function can serve as an effective therapeutic strategy for CAA, highlighting DACe@ET as a promising disease-modifying therapy with potential applicability to other neurological disorders marked by iron dyshomeostasis while establishing a foundation for future translational research.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Borophene on the mostly used Ag(111) substrate undergoes a perplexing transition from the v1/6 to the v1/5 phases as temperature increases, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive, hindering fine control over borophene synthesis. Here, we propose that the phase transition is driven by a critical synergy between in-plane migration of boron atoms and their sinking into the substrate. Ab initio calculations show that atoms in the v1/6 phase can migrate to form patches with higher coordination numbers, where atoms are easier to sink into the substrate. Atomic sinking further promotes boron migration, locally nucleating v1/5 domains that eventually expand into a perfect sheet via iterative sinkings and migrations. This temperature-driven, stepwise transition is substantiated by machine-learning-assisted molecular dynamics simulations with an enhanced sampling technique. Moreover, our simulations rationalize the experimental temperature window for synthesizing a series of intermixed v1/6 and v1/5 phases. These findings can inform experimental efforts to achieve structure- and layer-controllable borophene synthesis.
{"title":"Mechanism for Borophene Phase Transition on Substrate","authors":"Maolin Yu,Yangming Gui,Zhiqiang Zhao,Jidong Li,Xu Guo,Zhuhua Zhang","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c17811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c17811","url":null,"abstract":"Borophene on the mostly used Ag(111) substrate undergoes a perplexing transition from the v1/6 to the v1/5 phases as temperature increases, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive, hindering fine control over borophene synthesis. Here, we propose that the phase transition is driven by a critical synergy between in-plane migration of boron atoms and their sinking into the substrate. Ab initio calculations show that atoms in the v1/6 phase can migrate to form patches with higher coordination numbers, where atoms are easier to sink into the substrate. Atomic sinking further promotes boron migration, locally nucleating v1/5 domains that eventually expand into a perfect sheet via iterative sinkings and migrations. This temperature-driven, stepwise transition is substantiated by machine-learning-assisted molecular dynamics simulations with an enhanced sampling technique. Moreover, our simulations rationalize the experimental temperature window for synthesizing a series of intermixed v1/6 and v1/5 phases. These findings can inform experimental efforts to achieve structure- and layer-controllable borophene synthesis.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"241 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MXenes have emerged as promising solid lubricants due to their layered structure, tunable chemistry, and ability to form mechanically robust, wear-resistant tribo-films. However, most studies have focused on single-metal MXenes such as Ti3C2Tx, Ti3CNTx, or V2CTx, leaving multimetal MXenes largely unexplored. Here, we present a comprehensive tribological and mechanochemical evaluation of ordered double-transition metal Mo2TiC2Tx and Mo2Ti2C3Tx coatings under dry sliding in ambient conditions. Using nanoindentation mapping, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and electron microscopy, we demonstrate that Mo2Ti2C3Tx tends to form dense, chemically stabilized, and mechanically robust tribo-layers thus maintaining a low and stable coefficient of friction (∼0.1) and wear rate (∼0.1 × 10–3 mm3/N·m) under a contact pressure of 0.55 GPa. These tribolayers exhibit improved mechanical properties (hardness ∼ 4.2 GPa; Young’s modulus ∼ 103 GPa), along with increased carbide retention and reduced surface oxidation. In contrast, Mo2TiC2Tx coatings display a less favorable behavior, resulting in a higher COF (∼0.5), greater wear rate (∼1.3 × 10–3 mm3/N·m), and the formation of thinner, chemically degraded tribo-layers under comparable conditions. Mo2Ti2C3Tx exhibited the best tribological and mechanical performance under comparable conditions, clearly outperforming Ti3C2Tx, Ti3CNTx, and Mo2TiC2Tx. Our study introduces Mo-based MXenes as an emerging frontier in solid lubrication and the importance of MXene structure and composition in their tribo-layer evolution and stress accommodation mechanisms.
{"title":"Effect of Stoichiometry in Mo-Based Ordered Double Transition Metal Carbide MXenes on Solid Lubrication and Tribo-Film Formation","authors":"Dario Zambrano,Bo Wang,Beichen Duan,Javier Marqués Henríquez,Paulina Valenzuela,William Gacitúa,Markus Varga,Manel Rodríguez-Ripoll,Krutarth Kiran Kamath,Brian C. Wyatt,Babak Anasori,Andreas Rosenkranz","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c18644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c18644","url":null,"abstract":"MXenes have emerged as promising solid lubricants due to their layered structure, tunable chemistry, and ability to form mechanically robust, wear-resistant tribo-films. However, most studies have focused on single-metal MXenes such as Ti3C2Tx, Ti3CNTx, or V2CTx, leaving multimetal MXenes largely unexplored. Here, we present a comprehensive tribological and mechanochemical evaluation of ordered double-transition metal Mo2TiC2Tx and Mo2Ti2C3Tx coatings under dry sliding in ambient conditions. Using nanoindentation mapping, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and electron microscopy, we demonstrate that Mo2Ti2C3Tx tends to form dense, chemically stabilized, and mechanically robust tribo-layers thus maintaining a low and stable coefficient of friction (∼0.1) and wear rate (∼0.1 × 10–3 mm3/N·m) under a contact pressure of 0.55 GPa. These tribolayers exhibit improved mechanical properties (hardness ∼ 4.2 GPa; Young’s modulus ∼ 103 GPa), along with increased carbide retention and reduced surface oxidation. In contrast, Mo2TiC2Tx coatings display a less favorable behavior, resulting in a higher COF (∼0.5), greater wear rate (∼1.3 × 10–3 mm3/N·m), and the formation of thinner, chemically degraded tribo-layers under comparable conditions. Mo2Ti2C3Tx exhibited the best tribological and mechanical performance under comparable conditions, clearly outperforming Ti3C2Tx, Ti3CNTx, and Mo2TiC2Tx. Our study introduces Mo-based MXenes as an emerging frontier in solid lubrication and the importance of MXene structure and composition in their tribo-layer evolution and stress accommodation mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"161 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146139000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects millions worldwide. Current treatments are often limited by side effects and high relapse rates. This study introduces an ultrasmall platinum-nanocluster-based artificial enzyme (Pt NE) for effective psoriasis therapy and relapse prevention. Pt NEs exhibit multienzyme mimetic activities─superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase-like─with an overall antioxidant capacity 5-fold greater than Au or Cu analogues. Their superior skin penetration (69.93% and 14.27% higher than Au and Cu NEs, respectively) enables efficient reactive oxygen species scavenging and modulation of the inflammatory microenvironment. In vivo, Pt NEs achieve complete psoriatic symptom remission, comparable to a commercial calcipotriol/betamethasone ointment but without steroid-associated adverse effects. Mechanistically, Pt NEs modulate immunity by downregulating pro-inflammatory genes and upregulating genes related to proliferation inhibition and apoptosis. Excellent biocompatibility was observed, with no detectable organ damage or systemic toxicity. This work proposes a safe, effective, and cost-efficient nanotherapeutic strategy with strong potential for clinical translation in psoriasis management.
{"title":"Ultrasmall Platinum Nanoclusters Modulating Dysregulated Reactive Oxide Species and Immunity for Psoriasis Therapy and Prevention","authors":"Kang Liu,Suqing Feng,Xingyu Zhu,Yaru Wang,Wengang Liu,Ting Feng,Haiguang Zhu,Yong Liu,Junlong Geng,Jianping Xie,Xun Yuan","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c18716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c18716","url":null,"abstract":"Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects millions worldwide. Current treatments are often limited by side effects and high relapse rates. This study introduces an ultrasmall platinum-nanocluster-based artificial enzyme (Pt NE) for effective psoriasis therapy and relapse prevention. Pt NEs exhibit multienzyme mimetic activities─superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase-like─with an overall antioxidant capacity 5-fold greater than Au or Cu analogues. Their superior skin penetration (69.93% and 14.27% higher than Au and Cu NEs, respectively) enables efficient reactive oxygen species scavenging and modulation of the inflammatory microenvironment. In vivo, Pt NEs achieve complete psoriatic symptom remission, comparable to a commercial calcipotriol/betamethasone ointment but without steroid-associated adverse effects. Mechanistically, Pt NEs modulate immunity by downregulating pro-inflammatory genes and upregulating genes related to proliferation inhibition and apoptosis. Excellent biocompatibility was observed, with no detectable organ damage or systemic toxicity. This work proposes a safe, effective, and cost-efficient nanotherapeutic strategy with strong potential for clinical translation in psoriasis management.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146139001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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