Xinyi Chang, Xiaota Cheng, Xia Yin, Renchao Che, Jianyong Yu, Yi-Tao Liu, Bin Ding
The capability to regulate heat transport dynamically and reversibly within solid materials propels advancement in aerospace conditioning, battery thermal control, and energy harvesting/conversion industries. Although aerogels are known for thermal insulation properties, their constant thermal resistance induced by immutable pore structure makes them struggle to reverse-release the accumulated thermal energy. Here, we develop a nanocrystalline whisker/nanofiber aerogel (WFA) thermal gating induced by the self-catalyzed growth strategy, whose elasticity offers possibilities for dynamic thermal management. Thermal conductivities can be continuously regulated by external compressive strain-trigged heat conduction pathway and interfacial resistance variations, switching seamlessly between 0.020 W m–1 K–1 in an uncompressed state and 0.071 W m–1 K–1 at 80% compressive strain, with a modulation ratio of ∼3.55. The integral inorganic nature ensures the thermal stability of WFAs over a large thermal gradient, from −196 °C deep cryogenic to 1500 °C ultrahigh temperature. The resulting multimode WFAs provide a feasible solution for thermal management in extreme environments.
{"title":"Multimode Thermal Gating Based on Elastic Ceramic-Carbon Nanowhisker/Nanofiber Aerogels by Strain Engineering Strategy","authors":"Xinyi Chang, Xiaota Cheng, Xia Yin, Renchao Che, Jianyong Yu, Yi-Tao Liu, Bin Ding","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c00125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c00125","url":null,"abstract":"The capability to regulate heat transport dynamically and reversibly within solid materials propels advancement in aerospace conditioning, battery thermal control, and energy harvesting/conversion industries. Although aerogels are known for thermal insulation properties, their constant thermal resistance induced by immutable pore structure makes them struggle to reverse-release the accumulated thermal energy. Here, we develop a nanocrystalline whisker/nanofiber aerogel (WFA) thermal gating induced by the self-catalyzed growth strategy, whose elasticity offers possibilities for dynamic thermal management. Thermal conductivities can be continuously regulated by external compressive strain-trigged heat conduction pathway and interfacial resistance variations, switching seamlessly between 0.020 W m<sup>–1</sup> K<sup>–1</sup> in an uncompressed state and 0.071 W m<sup>–1</sup> K<sup>–1</sup> at 80% compressive strain, with a modulation ratio of ∼3.55. The integral inorganic nature ensures the thermal stability of WFAs over a large thermal gradient, from −196 °C deep cryogenic to 1500 °C ultrahigh temperature. The resulting multimode WFAs provide a feasible solution for thermal management in extreme environments.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ferrofluids are stable colloidal dispersions of magnetic nanoparticles in carrier liquids. Their combination of magnetic and fluidic characteristics not only inspires fundamental inquiries into forms and functions of matter but also enables diverse applications ranging from sealants and coolants in mechanical devices to active components in smart materials and soft robots. Spurred by such fundamental and applied interests, a growing need for easy-to-synthesize, high-quality ferrofluid exists. Here, we report the facile synthesis and comprehensive characterization of a silicone oil-based ferrofluid that displays the characteristic surface instability of high-quality ferrofluids and demonstrate its functions in smart interfacial materials and soft robots. Silicone’s chemical immiscibility with polar solvents and its biological inertness, when coupled with magnetic responsiveness and fluidic deformability, enable the manipulation of solid particles, gas bubbles, simple and complex liquids, as well as micro-organisms. We envision that the silicone oil-based ferrofluid will find applications in diverse areas, including magnetic digital microfluidics, multifunctional materials, and small-scale robotics.
{"title":"Facile Synthesis of Silicone Oil-Based Ferrofluid: Toward Smart Materials and Soft Robots","authors":"Leilei Chen, Hengao Yu, Jilan Yang, Jinzhuo Shi, Chun-he Li, Zijie Qu, Wendong Wang","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.4c16689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c16689","url":null,"abstract":"Ferrofluids are stable colloidal dispersions of magnetic nanoparticles in carrier liquids. Their combination of magnetic and fluidic characteristics not only inspires fundamental inquiries into forms and functions of matter but also enables diverse applications ranging from sealants and coolants in mechanical devices to active components in smart materials and soft robots. Spurred by such fundamental and applied interests, a growing need for easy-to-synthesize, high-quality ferrofluid exists. Here, we report the facile synthesis and comprehensive characterization of a silicone oil-based ferrofluid that displays the characteristic surface instability of high-quality ferrofluids and demonstrate its functions in smart interfacial materials and soft robots. Silicone’s chemical immiscibility with polar solvents and its biological inertness, when coupled with magnetic responsiveness and fluidic deformability, enable the manipulation of solid particles, gas bubbles, simple and complex liquids, as well as micro-organisms. We envision that the silicone oil-based ferrofluid will find applications in diverse areas, including magnetic digital microfluidics, multifunctional materials, and small-scale robotics.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Colloidal II–VI nanocrystals have garnered significant research attention in nonlinear optical applications due to their low-cost synthesis, photophysical tunability, and ease of device integration. Herein, we report that dual-type II CdSe/CdTe/CdSe colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) with core/crown/crown structures achieve remarkable nonlinear optical limiting capabilities driven by an exceptionally large nonlinear absorption coefficient. Open aperture Z-scan reveals that these dual-type II CQWs exhibit a third-order nonlinear absorption coefficient of 33.1 cm/GW and an ultralow optical limiting threshold (0.71 GW/cm2), which is superior to that of any other reported colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals while also being comparable to existing two-dimensional (2D) dichalcogenide sheets. Photophysical analysis indicates that such a remarkable nonlinear optical performance in dual-type II CQWs can be primarily ascribed to the efficient excited state absorption (i.e., the sequential two-photon absorption), which benefits from the ultrafast and uniform formation of charge separation states in the dual type-II heterostructures.
{"title":"Dual Type-II Colloidal Quantum Wells for Efficient Nonlinear Optical Limiting","authors":"Junhong Yu, Emek Goksu Durmusoglu, Yunfei Ren, Wenhui Fang, Yubu Zhou, Linghao Chu, Baiquan Liu, Hilmi Volkan Demir","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c00391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c00391","url":null,"abstract":"Colloidal II–VI nanocrystals have garnered significant research attention in nonlinear optical applications due to their low-cost synthesis, photophysical tunability, and ease of device integration. Herein, we report that dual-type II CdSe/CdTe/CdSe colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) with core/crown/crown structures achieve remarkable nonlinear optical limiting capabilities driven by an exceptionally large nonlinear absorption coefficient. Open aperture <i>Z</i>-scan reveals that these dual-type II CQWs exhibit a third-order nonlinear absorption coefficient of 33.1 cm/GW and an ultralow optical limiting threshold (0.71 GW/cm<sup>2</sup>), which is superior to that of any other reported colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals while also being comparable to existing two-dimensional (2D) dichalcogenide sheets. Photophysical analysis indicates that such a remarkable nonlinear optical performance in dual-type II CQWs can be primarily ascribed to the efficient excited state absorption (i.e., the sequential two-photon absorption), which benefits from the ultrafast and uniform formation of charge separation states in the dual type-II heterostructures.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wookjin Jung, Dongkyu Lee, Hohyeon Kim, Boyoung Son, Seungjun Oh, Jeong Eun Gong, Daehong Kim, Jungwon Yoon, Jihyeon Yeom
Chirality is widespread in nature and governs the properties of various materials including inorganic nanomaterials. However, previously reported chiral inorganic materials have been limited to a handful of compositions owing to the physicochemical restrictions that impart chirality. Herein, chiral nanopaint applicable to diverse inorganic materials is presented. Various metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) show chiroptical properties after coating with our chiral nanopaint, while maintaining their properties, such as magnetic properties. The combination of magnetism and chirality brings biomedical functionalities to chiral NPs, such as anticancer hyperthermia treatment. In vitro, d-nanopainted iron oxide NPs showed more than 50% higher cellular uptake compared to l-nanopainted iron oxide NPs, and this was due to the enantiospecific interaction between the cellular receptors on the cell surface and the chiral NPs. In vivo, d-nanopainted iron oxide NPs showed 4-fold superior anticancer efficiency by magnetic hyperthermia compared to l-nanopainted iron oxide NPs owing to improved adsorption to tumors. These chiral nanoparticles may provide potential synthesis strategies for chiral inorganic biomaterials, which exhibit elaborate combinations of intrinsic physical properties and extrinsic enantioselective properties for a variety of applications.
{"title":"Universal Chiral Nanopaint for Metal Oxide Biomaterials","authors":"Wookjin Jung, Dongkyu Lee, Hohyeon Kim, Boyoung Son, Seungjun Oh, Jeong Eun Gong, Daehong Kim, Jungwon Yoon, Jihyeon Yeom","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.4c14460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c14460","url":null,"abstract":"Chirality is widespread in nature and governs the properties of various materials including inorganic nanomaterials. However, previously reported chiral inorganic materials have been limited to a handful of compositions owing to the physicochemical restrictions that impart chirality. Herein, chiral nanopaint applicable to diverse inorganic materials is presented. Various metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) show chiroptical properties after coating with our chiral nanopaint, while maintaining their properties, such as magnetic properties. The combination of magnetism and chirality brings biomedical functionalities to chiral NPs, such as anticancer hyperthermia treatment. In vitro, <span>d</span>-nanopainted iron oxide NPs showed more than 50% higher cellular uptake compared to <span>l</span>-nanopainted iron oxide NPs, and this was due to the enantiospecific interaction between the cellular receptors on the cell surface and the chiral NPs. In vivo, <span>d</span>-nanopainted iron oxide NPs showed 4-fold superior anticancer efficiency by magnetic hyperthermia compared to <span>l</span>-nanopainted iron oxide NPs owing to improved adsorption to tumors. These chiral nanoparticles may provide potential synthesis strategies for chiral inorganic biomaterials, which exhibit elaborate combinations of intrinsic physical properties and extrinsic enantioselective properties for a variety of applications.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jia-Qi Luo, Rong Liu, Fang-Man Chen, Jing-Yang Zhang, Sui-Juan Zheng, Dan Shao, Jin-Zhi Du
{"title":"Correction to \"Nanoparticle-Mediated CD47-SIRPα Blockade and Calreticulin Exposure for Improved Cancer Chemo-Immunotherapy\".","authors":"Jia-Qi Luo, Rong Liu, Fang-Man Chen, Jing-Yang Zhang, Sui-Juan Zheng, Dan Shao, Jin-Zhi Du","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c02746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c02746","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143536227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nam Heon Cho, Jin Jia, Sang-Min Park, Xin Wen, Teri W. Odom
This work demonstrates a templated synthesis of mono- and bimetallic nanoparticle dimers starting from patterned Au nanoparticle seeds. Growth rates of the shell layers and the interparticle distances were adjusted by varying the solution pH and reaction time. Using metal ion sources in aqueous solutions and controlling reduction kinetics, we prepared Au@shell (Au, Ag, Pd, and Pt) nanoparticle dimers with sub-10 nm gap widths. Au@Ag dimers exhibited an order-of-magnitude higher surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy signal compared to Au@Au dimers with similar gap separations. The generation of Au@Pd and Au@Pt nanoparticle dimers enabled concurrent surface catalysis and SERS to observe the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction and a nitroaromatic reduction reaction, respectively. This templated synthesis method offers precise control of nanogap width and surface properties, providing a versatile platform for plasmon-based catalysis and molecular sensing.
{"title":"Templated Synthesis of Mono- and Bimetallic Nanogap Dimer Arrays","authors":"Nam Heon Cho, Jin Jia, Sang-Min Park, Xin Wen, Teri W. Odom","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.4c17223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c17223","url":null,"abstract":"This work demonstrates a templated synthesis of mono- and bimetallic nanoparticle dimers starting from patterned Au nanoparticle seeds. Growth rates of the shell layers and the interparticle distances were adjusted by varying the solution pH and reaction time. Using metal ion sources in aqueous solutions and controlling reduction kinetics, we prepared Au@shell (Au, Ag, Pd, and Pt) nanoparticle dimers with sub-10 nm gap widths. Au@Ag dimers exhibited an order-of-magnitude higher surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy signal compared to Au@Au dimers with similar gap separations. The generation of Au@Pd and Au@Pt nanoparticle dimers enabled concurrent surface catalysis and SERS to observe the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction and a nitroaromatic reduction reaction, respectively. This templated synthesis method offers precise control of nanogap width and surface properties, providing a versatile platform for plasmon-based catalysis and molecular sensing.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rabies, caused by rabies virus (RABV), is a zoonotic disease with a high mortality rate that has attracted global attention with the goal of eradication by 2030. However, rabies can only be prevented by appropriate and multiple vaccinations, which impede widespread vaccination in developing countries due to its high expenditure. Designing single-dose vaccines is a pressing challenge in the prevention of rabies and other infectious diseases. Herein, a metal–phenolic network (MPN)-based hydrogel vaccine (designated as CGMR) was developed to stimulate potent humoral immunity against RABV infection by a single immunization, resulting in 4.3-fold and 1.8-fold enhancements of virus-neutralizing antibody compared with that induced by inactivated RABV and alum adjuvant. The CGMR, cross-linked by phenol-modified chitosan with manganese ion, could prolong residence time by confining the antigen to the network of hydrogel, acting as a “hydrogel antigen depot”. It also stimulated the activation of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon gene (STING) pathway, facilitating dendritic cell maturation and antigen presentation. The vaccine formulation recruited immunocytes and activated the germinal center, enhancing and sustaining humoral immune responses against the virulent RABV challenge. Collectively, this injectable manganese-based hydrogel vaccine provides a universal and ideal avenue for rabies and other infectious diseases.
{"title":"Metal–Phenolic Network Hydrogel Vaccine Platform for Enhanced Humoral Immunity against Lethal Rabies Virus","authors":"Jiamin Deng, Zongmei Wang, Liqin Wu, Zhiyong Song, Hagar Shendy Bahlol, Xun Li, Ling Zhao, Heyou Han","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.4c17759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c17759","url":null,"abstract":"Rabies, caused by rabies virus (RABV), is a zoonotic disease with a high mortality rate that has attracted global attention with the goal of eradication by 2030. However, rabies can only be prevented by appropriate and multiple vaccinations, which impede widespread vaccination in developing countries due to its high expenditure. Designing single-dose vaccines is a pressing challenge in the prevention of rabies and other infectious diseases. Herein, a metal–phenolic network (MPN)-based hydrogel vaccine (designated as CGMR) was developed to stimulate potent humoral immunity against RABV infection by a single immunization, resulting in 4.3-fold and 1.8-fold enhancements of virus-neutralizing antibody compared with that induced by inactivated RABV and alum adjuvant. The CGMR, cross-linked by phenol-modified chitosan with manganese ion, could prolong residence time by confining the antigen to the network of hydrogel, acting as a “hydrogel antigen depot”. It also stimulated the activation of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon gene (STING) pathway, facilitating dendritic cell maturation and antigen presentation. The vaccine formulation recruited immunocytes and activated the germinal center, enhancing and sustaining humoral immune responses against the virulent RABV challenge. Collectively, this injectable manganese-based hydrogel vaccine provides a universal and ideal avenue for rabies and other infectious diseases.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mechanical force initiates sterile inflammation, a process implicated in diverse physiological and pathological processes. The timely clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages via efferocytosis is crucial for the proper resolution of sterile inflammation and for averting excessive tissue damage. Despite this, the specific role and underlying mechanisms of mechanical force on macrophage efferocytosis remain obscure. By integrating bioinformatics and metabolomics analyses, we uncovered how mechanical force disrupts the “arginine metabolism─TCA cycle─mitochondrial function” metabolic cascade, thereby impairing macrophage efferocytosis and intensifying sterile inflammation. Notably, we discovered that elevating l-arginine levels can ameliorate these crises by restoring energy metabolism. Leveraging this insight, we engineered a microneedle drug delivery system loaded with nitric-oxide driven nanomotors (MSN-LA@MNs) for targeted delivery of l-arginine. The active component, MSN-LA, exploits the heightened expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in force-loaded tissues as a chemoattractant, harnessing NO generated from iNOS-catalyzed l-arginine for autonomous propulsion. In a force-induced rat orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) model, we confirmed that MSN-LA@MNs enhance macrophage efferocytosis and, under iNOS guidance, dynamically modulate sterile inflammation levels in OTM, thus facilitating the OTM process. Collectively, our findings elucidate previously unclear mechanistic links between force, macrophage efferocytosis, and sterile inflammation from a metabolic vantage point, offering a promising targeted strategy for modulating force-related biological processes such as OTM.
{"title":"Microneedles Loaded with Nitric-Oxide Driven Nanomotors Improve Force-Induced Efferocytosis Impairment and Sterile Inflammation by Revitalizing Macrophage Energy Metabolism","authors":"Hao Tan, Shan Wang, Xinyi He, Guoyin Yang, Ye Zhu, Sihan Yang, Shengnan Yan, Chu Gong, Wenya Bai, Yun Hu, Jinlin Song, Leilei Zheng","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c01877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c01877","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanical force initiates sterile inflammation, a process implicated in diverse physiological and pathological processes. The timely clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages via efferocytosis is crucial for the proper resolution of sterile inflammation and for averting excessive tissue damage. Despite this, the specific role and underlying mechanisms of mechanical force on macrophage efferocytosis remain obscure. By integrating bioinformatics and metabolomics analyses, we uncovered how mechanical force disrupts the “arginine metabolism─TCA cycle─mitochondrial function” metabolic cascade, thereby impairing macrophage efferocytosis and intensifying sterile inflammation. Notably, we discovered that elevating <span>l</span>-arginine levels can ameliorate these crises by restoring energy metabolism. Leveraging this insight, we engineered a microneedle drug delivery system loaded with nitric-oxide driven nanomotors (MSN-LA@MNs) for targeted delivery of <span>l</span>-arginine. The active component, MSN-LA, exploits the heightened expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in force-loaded tissues as a chemoattractant, harnessing NO generated from iNOS-catalyzed <span>l</span>-arginine for autonomous propulsion. In a force-induced rat orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) model, we confirmed that MSN-LA@MNs enhance macrophage efferocytosis and, under iNOS guidance, dynamically modulate sterile inflammation levels in OTM, thus facilitating the OTM process. Collectively, our findings elucidate previously unclear mechanistic links between force, macrophage efferocytosis, and sterile inflammation from a metabolic vantage point, offering a promising targeted strategy for modulating force-related biological processes such as OTM.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aqueous zinc–bromine microbatteries (Zn–Br2 MBs) are promising energy storage devices for miniaturized electronic applications. However, their performance in low-temperature environments remains a challenge due to poor compatibility between antifreeze agents and complexing agents. In this work, we propose an additive-free electrolyte design to address this incompatibility from the source. An electrochemically active 7.5 m zinc bromide solution was found to have a low freezing point of −105 °C, while also inhibiting polybromide dissolution. Zn–Br2 microbatteries using this electrochemically active electrolyte demonstrated excellent cycling stability, with over 10,000 cycles (99% capacity retention) at 25 °C and more than 2000 cycles (98% capacity retention) at −60 °C. Both experimental data and theoretical calculations demonstrate that low-temperature environments inhibit polybromide dissolution. This work addresses the issue of incompatibility between antifreeze and complexing agents, challenging the traditional reliance on organic complexing agents to prevent polybromide dissolution in Zn–Br2 systems.
{"title":"Enabling Low-Temperature Zinc–Bromine Microbatteries with an Additive-Free Electrolyte Design","authors":"Jiajun Guo, Linyu Hu, Rui Wang, Guoqiang Liu, Jiangqi Zhao, Chunlong Dai, Zifeng Lin","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c00988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c00988","url":null,"abstract":"Aqueous zinc–bromine microbatteries (Zn–Br<sub>2</sub> MBs) are promising energy storage devices for miniaturized electronic applications. However, their performance in low-temperature environments remains a challenge due to poor compatibility between antifreeze agents and complexing agents. In this work, we propose an additive-free electrolyte design to address this incompatibility from the source. An electrochemically active 7.5 m zinc bromide solution was found to have a low freezing point of −105 °C, while also inhibiting polybromide dissolution. Zn–Br<sub>2</sub> microbatteries using this electrochemically active electrolyte demonstrated excellent cycling stability, with over 10,000 cycles (99% capacity retention) at 25 °C and more than 2000 cycles (98% capacity retention) at −60 °C. Both experimental data and theoretical calculations demonstrate that low-temperature environments inhibit polybromide dissolution. This work addresses the issue of incompatibility between antifreeze and complexing agents, challenging the traditional reliance on organic complexing agents to prevent polybromide dissolution in Zn–Br<sub>2</sub> systems.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiao Xu, Xiang Wang, Yu-Pei Liao, Lijia Luo, Andre E. Nel
We demonstrate reprogramming of the tolerogenic immune environment in the liver for mounting an effective immune response against often-fatal pancreatic cancer metastases. This was achieved by engineering a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) to deliver mRNA encoding the KRAS G12D neoantigenic epitope along with cGAMP, a dinucleotide agonist of the stimulator of the interferon genes (STING) pathway, capable of activating a type I interferon response. cGAMP/mKRAS/LNP were synthesized by a microfluidics approach involving nanoprecipitation of mRNA and cGAMP by an ionizable lipid, MC3. Controls included nanoparticles delivering individual components or a wild-type RAS sequence. The dual delivery carrier successfully activated the type I interferon pathway in vitro as well as in vivo, with reprogramming of costimulatory receptor (CD80 and CD86) and MHC-I expression on liver antigen-presenting cells (APC). This allowed the generation of IFN-γ producing cytotoxic T cells, capable of mounting an effective immune response in the metastatic KRAS pancreatic cancer (KPC) mouse model. Noteworthy, intravenous injection of cGAMP/mKRAS/LNP suppressed metastatic growth significantly and prolonged animal survival, both prophylactically and during treatment of established metastases. The protective immune response was mediated by the generation of perforin-releasing CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, engaged in pancreatic cancer cell killing. Importantly, the immune response could also be adoptively transferred by injecting splenocytes (containing memory T cells) from treated into nontreated recipient mice. This study demonstrates that reprogramming the immune-protective niche for metastatic pancreatic cancer can be achieved by the delivery of a STING agonist and mutant KRAS mRNA via ionizable LNPs, offering both prophylactic and therapeutic advantages.
{"title":"Reprogramming the Tolerogenic Immune Response Against Pancreatic Cancer Metastases by Lipid Nanoparticles Delivering a STING Agonist Plus Mutant KRAS mRNA","authors":"Xiao Xu, Xiang Wang, Yu-Pei Liao, Lijia Luo, Andre E. Nel","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.4c14102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c14102","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate reprogramming of the tolerogenic immune environment in the liver for mounting an effective immune response against often-fatal pancreatic cancer metastases. This was achieved by engineering a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) to deliver mRNA encoding the KRAS G12D neoantigenic epitope along with cGAMP, a dinucleotide agonist of the stimulator of the interferon genes (STING) pathway, capable of activating a type I interferon response. cGAMP/mKRAS/LNP were synthesized by a microfluidics approach involving nanoprecipitation of mRNA and cGAMP by an ionizable lipid, MC3. Controls included nanoparticles delivering individual components or a wild-type RAS sequence. The dual delivery carrier successfully activated the type I interferon pathway <i>in vitro</i> as well as <i>in vivo</i>, with reprogramming of costimulatory receptor (CD80 and CD86) and MHC-I expression on liver antigen-presenting cells (APC). This allowed the generation of IFN-γ producing cytotoxic T cells, capable of mounting an effective immune response in the metastatic KRAS pancreatic cancer (KPC) mouse model. Noteworthy, intravenous injection of cGAMP/mKRAS/LNP suppressed metastatic growth significantly and prolonged animal survival, both prophylactically and during treatment of established metastases. The protective immune response was mediated by the generation of perforin-releasing CD8<sup>+</sup> cytotoxic T cells, engaged in pancreatic cancer cell killing. Importantly, the immune response could also be adoptively transferred by injecting splenocytes (containing memory T cells) from treated into nontreated recipient mice. This study demonstrates that reprogramming the immune-protective niche for metastatic pancreatic cancer can be achieved by the delivery of a STING agonist and mutant KRAS mRNA via ionizable LNPs, offering both prophylactic and therapeutic advantages.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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