Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20517/microstructures.2023.17
Marcus H. Hansen
In this work, we developed three methods to map crystallographic variants of samples at the nanoscale by analyzing precession electron diffraction data using a high-temperature shape memory alloy and a VO2 thin film on sapphire as the model systems. The three methods are (I) a user-selecting-reference pattern approach, (II) an algorithm-selecting-reference-pattern approach, and (III) a k-means approach. In the first two approaches, Euclidean distance, Cosine, and Structural Similarity (SSIM) algorithms were assessed for the diffraction pattern similarity quantification. We demonstrated that the Euclidean distance and SSIM methods outperform the Cosine algorithm. We further revealed that the random noise in the diffraction data can dramatically affect similarity quantification. Denoising processes could improve the crystallographic mapping quality. With the three methods mentioned above, we were able to map the crystallographic variants in different materials systems, thus enabling fast variant number quantification and clear variant distribution visualization. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach are also discussed. We expect these methods to benefit researchers who work on martensitic materials, in which the variant information is critical to understand their properties and functionalities.
{"title":"Crystallographic variant mapping using precession electron diffraction data","authors":"Marcus H. Hansen","doi":"10.20517/microstructures.2023.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/microstructures.2023.17","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we developed three methods to map crystallographic variants of samples at the nanoscale by analyzing precession electron diffraction data using a high-temperature shape memory alloy and a VO2 thin film on sapphire as the model systems. The three methods are (I) a user-selecting-reference pattern approach, (II) an algorithm-selecting-reference-pattern approach, and (III) a k-means approach. In the first two approaches, Euclidean distance, Cosine, and Structural Similarity (SSIM) algorithms were assessed for the diffraction pattern similarity quantification. We demonstrated that the Euclidean distance and SSIM methods outperform the Cosine algorithm. We further revealed that the random noise in the diffraction data can dramatically affect similarity quantification. Denoising processes could improve the crystallographic mapping quality. With the three methods mentioned above, we were able to map the crystallographic variants in different materials systems, thus enabling fast variant number quantification and clear variant distribution visualization. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach are also discussed. We expect these methods to benefit researchers who work on martensitic materials, in which the variant information is critical to understand their properties and functionalities.","PeriodicalId":22044,"journal":{"name":"Superlattices and Microstructures","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78740661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20517/microstructures.2023.08
Jaeho Lee, Lianzhou Wang, Jingwei Hou
Microporous structures have attracted significant attention in recent years. In particular, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have received considerable attention due to their tailorable structures that offer a wide range of choices in terms of molecular building blocks. Due to their high tunability, these materials are considered as ideal host matrices for templating and encapsulating guest materials, particularly quantum dots (QDs). QDs are investigated heavily for various applications such as light-emitting diodes (LED), biosensors, catalysts, and solar cells due to their unique properties from the quantum confinement effect. However, one of the drawbacks of QDs is their tendency to aggregate and exhibit low stability due to their small size and kinetic trapping in nanoparticle form. This perspective highlights promising approaches to enhance the performance and stability of QDs by using microporous materials as an encapsulation layer. Additionally, potential mitigating strategies are discussed to overcome current challenges and improve the practicality of QDs embedded in microporous nanocomposites.
{"title":"Emerging microporous materials as novel templates for quantum dots","authors":"Jaeho Lee, Lianzhou Wang, Jingwei Hou","doi":"10.20517/microstructures.2023.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/microstructures.2023.08","url":null,"abstract":"Microporous structures have attracted significant attention in recent years. In particular, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have received considerable attention due to their tailorable structures that offer a wide range of choices in terms of molecular building blocks. Due to their high tunability, these materials are considered as ideal host matrices for templating and encapsulating guest materials, particularly quantum dots (QDs). QDs are investigated heavily for various applications such as light-emitting diodes (LED), biosensors, catalysts, and solar cells due to their unique properties from the quantum confinement effect. However, one of the drawbacks of QDs is their tendency to aggregate and exhibit low stability due to their small size and kinetic trapping in nanoparticle form. This perspective highlights promising approaches to enhance the performance and stability of QDs by using microporous materials as an encapsulation layer. Additionally, potential mitigating strategies are discussed to overcome current challenges and improve the practicality of QDs embedded in microporous nanocomposites.","PeriodicalId":22044,"journal":{"name":"Superlattices and Microstructures","volume":"40 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89984541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20517/microstructures.2023.13
Wanbing Ge, R. Beanland, M. Alexe, Q. Ramasse, A. Sanchez
We investigate flux-grown BiFeO3 crystals using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This material has an intriguing ferroelectric structure of domain walls with a period of approximately 100 nm, alternating between flat and sawtooth morphologies. We show that all domain walls are of 180° type and that the flat walls, lying on (112) planes, are reconstructed with an excess of Fe and a deficiency of Bi. This reconstruction is similar to that observed in several previous studies of deposited layers of BiFeO3. The negative charge of the reconstructed layer induces head-to-head polarisation in the surrounding material and a rigid-body shift of one domain relative to the other. These characteristics pin the flat 180° domain walls and determine the domain structure of the material. Sawtooth 180° domain walls provide the necessary reversal of polarisation between flat walls. The high density of immobile domain walls suppresses the ferroelectric properties of the material, highlighting the need for careful control of growth conditions.
{"title":"180° head-to-head flat domain walls in single crystal BiFeO3","authors":"Wanbing Ge, R. Beanland, M. Alexe, Q. Ramasse, A. Sanchez","doi":"10.20517/microstructures.2023.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/microstructures.2023.13","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate flux-grown BiFeO3 crystals using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This material has an intriguing ferroelectric structure of domain walls with a period of approximately 100 nm, alternating between flat and sawtooth morphologies. We show that all domain walls are of 180° type and that the flat walls, lying on (112) planes, are reconstructed with an excess of Fe and a deficiency of Bi. This reconstruction is similar to that observed in several previous studies of deposited layers of BiFeO3. The negative charge of the reconstructed layer induces head-to-head polarisation in the surrounding material and a rigid-body shift of one domain relative to the other. These characteristics pin the flat 180° domain walls and determine the domain structure of the material. Sawtooth 180° domain walls provide the necessary reversal of polarisation between flat walls. The high density of immobile domain walls suppresses the ferroelectric properties of the material, highlighting the need for careful control of growth conditions.","PeriodicalId":22044,"journal":{"name":"Superlattices and Microstructures","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81921415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20517/microstructures.2023.03
Yanming Sun, Yili Cao, Y. Ren, S. Lapidus, Qiang Li, J. Deng, Jun Miao, K. Lin, X. Xing
Here, we obtained a series of controllable thermal expansion alloys Tb1-xErxCo2Mny (x = 0-0.5, y = 0-0.4) by incorporating double rare earth doping and introducing non-stoichiometric Mn content. By varying the amount of Er or Mn, a low thermal expansion (LTE) is achieved in Tb0.6Er0.4Co2Mn0.1 (TECM, α1 = 1.23 × 10-6 K-1, 125~236 K). The macroscopic linear expansion and magnetic properties reveal that anomalous thermal expansion is closely related to the magnetic phase transition. Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction results show that TECM is a cubic phase (space group: Fd-3m) at high temperatures, and a structural transition to a rhombohedral phase (space group: R-3m) occurs as temperature decreases. The negative thermal expansion c-axis compensates for the normal positive thermal expansion of the basal plane, resulting in the volumetric LTE. This study provides a new metallic and magnetic ZTE material.
{"title":"Structure, magnetism and low thermal expansion in Tb1-xErxCo2Mny intermetallic compounds","authors":"Yanming Sun, Yili Cao, Y. Ren, S. Lapidus, Qiang Li, J. Deng, Jun Miao, K. Lin, X. Xing","doi":"10.20517/microstructures.2023.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/microstructures.2023.03","url":null,"abstract":"Here, we obtained a series of controllable thermal expansion alloys Tb1-xErxCo2Mny (x = 0-0.5, y = 0-0.4) by incorporating double rare earth doping and introducing non-stoichiometric Mn content. By varying the amount of Er or Mn, a low thermal expansion (LTE) is achieved in Tb0.6Er0.4Co2Mn0.1 (TECM, α1 = 1.23 × 10-6 K-1, 125~236 K). The macroscopic linear expansion and magnetic properties reveal that anomalous thermal expansion is closely related to the magnetic phase transition. Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction results show that TECM is a cubic phase (space group: Fd-3m) at high temperatures, and a structural transition to a rhombohedral phase (space group: R-3m) occurs as temperature decreases. The negative thermal expansion c-axis compensates for the normal positive thermal expansion of the basal plane, resulting in the volumetric LTE. This study provides a new metallic and magnetic ZTE material.","PeriodicalId":22044,"journal":{"name":"Superlattices and Microstructures","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75125224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20517/microstructures.2023.12
Min Chen
The practical application of carbon-supported Pt-based catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) still faces many limitations, including carbon corrosion and their weak interaction with Pt-based nanoparticles (NPs). Harnessing the strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) effects at the interface between Pt-based nanoparticles and alternative corrosion-resistant non-carbon support is an effective strategy to address these issues. The rational design of Pt-based catalysts with favorable SMSI and elucidation of the mechanisms underlying such interactions is indispensable for achieving desirable activity and stability. In this review, first, the basic principles of the ORR are briefly introduced. Next, the formation process of SMSI, construction strategies, and the advantages and drawbacks of representative supports, including transition metal oxides, nitrides, and carbides (TMOs, TMCs, and TMNs, respectively), are fully discussed. Finally, the challenges and prospects in promoting the practical applications of the SMSI effect for ORR are highlighted.
{"title":"Strong metal-support interaction of Pt-based electrocatalysts with transition metal oxides/nitrides/carbides for oxygen reduction reaction","authors":"Min Chen","doi":"10.20517/microstructures.2023.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/microstructures.2023.12","url":null,"abstract":"The practical application of carbon-supported Pt-based catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) still faces many limitations, including carbon corrosion and their weak interaction with Pt-based nanoparticles (NPs). Harnessing the strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) effects at the interface between Pt-based nanoparticles and alternative corrosion-resistant non-carbon support is an effective strategy to address these issues. The rational design of Pt-based catalysts with favorable SMSI and elucidation of the mechanisms underlying such interactions is indispensable for achieving desirable activity and stability. In this review, first, the basic principles of the ORR are briefly introduced. Next, the formation process of SMSI, construction strategies, and the advantages and drawbacks of representative supports, including transition metal oxides, nitrides, and carbides (TMOs, TMCs, and TMNs, respectively), are fully discussed. Finally, the challenges and prospects in promoting the practical applications of the SMSI effect for ORR are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":22044,"journal":{"name":"Superlattices and Microstructures","volume":"46 24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80514872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20517/microstructures.2023.01
{"title":"Microstructural constructing 2D tin allotropes on Al(111): from quasi-periodic lattice to square-like lattice","authors":"","doi":"10.20517/microstructures.2023.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/microstructures.2023.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22044,"journal":{"name":"Superlattices and Microstructures","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77244021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20517/microstructures.2023.22
J. Ouyang, Xiaoman Teng, Meiling Yuan, Kun Wang, Yuyao Zhao, Hongbo Cheng, Hanfei Zhu, Chao-Te Liu, Yongguang Xiao, M. Tang, Wei Zhang, W. Pan
Ferroelectric (FE) ceramics with a large relative dielectric permittivity and a high dielectric strength have the potential to store or supply electricity of very high energy and power densities, which is desirable in many modern electronic and electrical systems. For a given FE material, such as the commonly-used BaTiO3, a close interplay between defect chemistry, misfit strain, and grain characteristics must be carefully manipulated for engineering its film capacitors. In this work, the effects of grain orientation and morphology on the energy storage properties of BaTiO3 thick films were systematically investigated. These films were all deposited on Si at 500 °C in an oxygen-rich atmosphere, and their thicknesses varied between ~500 nm and ~2.6 μm. While a columnar nanograined BaTiO3 film with a (001) texture showed a higher recyclable energy density Wrec (81.0 J/cm3vs. 57.1 J/cm3 @3.2 MV/cm, ~40% increase) than that of a randomly-oriented BaTiO3 film of about the same thickness (~500 nm), the latter showed an improved energy density at a reduced electric field with an increasing film thickness. Specifically, for the 1.3 μm and 2.6 μm thick polycrystalline films, their energy storage densities Wrec reached 46.6 J/cm3 and 48.8 J/cm3 at an applied electric field of 2.31 MV/cm (300 V on 1.3 μm film) and 1.77 MV/cm (460 V on 2.6 μm film), respectively. This ramp-up in energy density can be attributed to increased polarizability with a growing grain size in thicker polycrystalline films and is desirable in high pulse power applications.
{"title":"Grain engineering of high energy density BaTiO3 thick films integrated on Si","authors":"J. Ouyang, Xiaoman Teng, Meiling Yuan, Kun Wang, Yuyao Zhao, Hongbo Cheng, Hanfei Zhu, Chao-Te Liu, Yongguang Xiao, M. Tang, Wei Zhang, W. Pan","doi":"10.20517/microstructures.2023.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/microstructures.2023.22","url":null,"abstract":"Ferroelectric (FE) ceramics with a large relative dielectric permittivity and a high dielectric strength have the potential to store or supply electricity of very high energy and power densities, which is desirable in many modern electronic and electrical systems. For a given FE material, such as the commonly-used BaTiO3, a close interplay between defect chemistry, misfit strain, and grain characteristics must be carefully manipulated for engineering its film capacitors. In this work, the effects of grain orientation and morphology on the energy storage properties of BaTiO3 thick films were systematically investigated. These films were all deposited on Si at 500 °C in an oxygen-rich atmosphere, and their thicknesses varied between ~500 nm and ~2.6 μm. While a columnar nanograined BaTiO3 film with a (001) texture showed a higher recyclable energy density Wrec (81.0 J/cm3vs. 57.1 J/cm3 @3.2 MV/cm, ~40% increase) than that of a randomly-oriented BaTiO3 film of about the same thickness (~500 nm), the latter showed an improved energy density at a reduced electric field with an increasing film thickness. Specifically, for the 1.3 μm and 2.6 μm thick polycrystalline films, their energy storage densities Wrec reached 46.6 J/cm3 and 48.8 J/cm3 at an applied electric field of 2.31 MV/cm (300 V on 1.3 μm film) and 1.77 MV/cm (460 V on 2.6 μm film), respectively. This ramp-up in energy density can be attributed to increased polarizability with a growing grain size in thicker polycrystalline films and is desirable in high pulse power applications.","PeriodicalId":22044,"journal":{"name":"Superlattices and Microstructures","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90272232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20517/microstructures.2023.41
Lynette Keeney, Louise Colfer, Debismita Dutta, Michael Schmidt, Guannan Wei
Multiferroic materials, encompassing simultaneous ferroelectric and ferromagnetic polarization states, are enticing multi-state materials for memory scaling beyond existing technologies. Aurivillius phase B6TFMO (Bi6TixFeyMnzO18) is a unique room temperature multiferroic material that could ideally be suited to future production of revolutionary memory devices. As miniaturization of electronic devices continues, it is crucial to characterize ferroelectric domain configurations at very small (sub-10 nm) thickness. Direct liquid injection chemical vapor deposition allows for frontier development of ultrathin films at fundamental (close to unit cell) dimensions. However, layer-by-layer growth of ultrathin complex oxides is subject to the formation of surface contaminants and 2D islands and pits, which can obscure visualization of domain patterns using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). Herein, we apply force from a sufficiently stiff diamond cantilever while scanning over ultrathin films to perform atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based nano-machining of the surface layers. Subsequent lateral PFM imaging of sub-surface layers uncovers 45° orientated striped twin domains, entirely distinct from the randomly configured piezoresponse observed for the pristine film surface. Furthermore, our investigations indicate that these sub-surface domain structures persist along the in-plane directions throughout the film depth down to thicknesses of less than half of an Aurivillius phase unit cell (˂ 2.5 nm). Thus, AFM-based nano-machining in conjunction with PFM allows demonstration of stable in-plane ferroelectric domains at thicknesses lower than previously determined for multiferroic B6TFMO. These findings demonstrate the technological potential of Aurivillius phase B6TFMO for future miniaturized memory storage devices. Next-generation devices based on ultrathin multiferroic tunnel junctions are projected.
{"title":"What lies beneath? Investigations of atomic force microscopy-based nano-machining to reveal sub-surface ferroelectric domain configurations in ultrathin films","authors":"Lynette Keeney, Louise Colfer, Debismita Dutta, Michael Schmidt, Guannan Wei","doi":"10.20517/microstructures.2023.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/microstructures.2023.41","url":null,"abstract":"Multiferroic materials, encompassing simultaneous ferroelectric and ferromagnetic polarization states, are enticing multi-state materials for memory scaling beyond existing technologies. Aurivillius phase B6TFMO (Bi6TixFeyMnzO18) is a unique room temperature multiferroic material that could ideally be suited to future production of revolutionary memory devices. As miniaturization of electronic devices continues, it is crucial to characterize ferroelectric domain configurations at very small (sub-10 nm) thickness. Direct liquid injection chemical vapor deposition allows for frontier development of ultrathin films at fundamental (close to unit cell) dimensions. However, layer-by-layer growth of ultrathin complex oxides is subject to the formation of surface contaminants and 2D islands and pits, which can obscure visualization of domain patterns using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). Herein, we apply force from a sufficiently stiff diamond cantilever while scanning over ultrathin films to perform atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based nano-machining of the surface layers. Subsequent lateral PFM imaging of sub-surface layers uncovers 45° orientated striped twin domains, entirely distinct from the randomly configured piezoresponse observed for the pristine film surface. Furthermore, our investigations indicate that these sub-surface domain structures persist along the in-plane directions throughout the film depth down to thicknesses of less than half of an Aurivillius phase unit cell (˂ 2.5 nm). Thus, AFM-based nano-machining in conjunction with PFM allows demonstration of stable in-plane ferroelectric domains at thicknesses lower than previously determined for multiferroic B6TFMO. These findings demonstrate the technological potential of Aurivillius phase B6TFMO for future miniaturized memory storage devices. Next-generation devices based on ultrathin multiferroic tunnel junctions are projected.","PeriodicalId":22044,"journal":{"name":"Superlattices and Microstructures","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136367561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01Epub Date: 2022-10-26DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0497
Rolf F Storms, Claudio Carere, Robert Musters, Hans van Gasteren, Simon Verhulst, Charlotte K Hemelrijk
Collisions between birds and airplanes can damage aircrafts, resulting in delays and cancellation of flights, costing the international civil aviation industry more than 1.4 billion US dollars annually. Driving away birds is therefore crucial, but the effectiveness of current deterrence methods is limited. Live avian predators can be an effective deterrent, because potential prey will not habituate to them, but live predators cannot be controlled entirely. Thus, there is an urgent need for new deterrence methods. We developed the RobotFalcon, a device modelled after the peregrine falcon, and tested its effectiveness to deter flocks of corvids, gulls, starlings and lapwings. We compared its effectiveness with that of a drone, and of conventional methods routinely applied at a military airbase. The RobotFalcon scared away bird flocks from fields immediately, and these fields subsequently remained free of bird flocks for hours. The RobotFalcon outperformed the drone and the best conventional method at the airbase (distress calls). Importantly, there was no evidence that bird flocks habituated to the RobotFalcon over the course of the fieldwork. We conclude that the RobotFalcon is a practical and ethical solution to drive away bird flocks with all advantages of live predators but without their limitations.
{"title":"Deterrence of birds with an artificial predator, the RobotFalcon.","authors":"Rolf F Storms, Claudio Carere, Robert Musters, Hans van Gasteren, Simon Verhulst, Charlotte K Hemelrijk","doi":"10.1098/rsif.2022.0497","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rsif.2022.0497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Collisions between birds and airplanes can damage aircrafts, resulting in delays and cancellation of flights, costing the international civil aviation industry more than 1.4 billion US dollars annually. Driving away birds is therefore crucial, but the effectiveness of current deterrence methods is limited. Live avian predators can be an effective deterrent, because potential prey will not habituate to them, but live predators cannot be controlled entirely. Thus, there is an urgent need for new deterrence methods. We developed the RobotFalcon, a device modelled after the peregrine falcon, and tested its effectiveness to deter flocks of corvids, gulls, starlings and lapwings. We compared its effectiveness with that of a drone, and of conventional methods routinely applied at a military airbase. The RobotFalcon scared away bird flocks from fields immediately, and these fields subsequently remained free of bird flocks for hours. The RobotFalcon outperformed the drone and the best conventional method at the airbase (distress calls). Importantly, there was no evidence that bird flocks habituated to the RobotFalcon over the course of the fieldwork. We conclude that the RobotFalcon is a practical and ethical solution to drive away bird flocks with all advantages of live predators but without their limitations.</p>","PeriodicalId":22044,"journal":{"name":"Superlattices and Microstructures","volume":"11 1","pages":"20220497"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9597169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75817128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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