Studies in Family Planning最新文献

This study examines Mexico's fertility transition (1930-2015) and how socioeconomic status (SES), geography, and indigeneity shaped reproductive behaviors. Using net fertility-the number of surviving children under five-we assess how prestige bias (adopting high-status fertility norms) and conformism bias (aligning with local norms) influenced change across distinct population groups. We introduce the time, space, and population model to analyze the combined effects of macrostructural forces, spatial diffusion, and individual decision-making. Our spatial analysis reveals a concentric diffusion pattern, where fertility changes spread outward from urban, high-SES municipalities. Findings reveal a consistent negative association between SES and fertility across all periods, though with varying intensity. Higher status populations led the fertility decline, but patterns differed by group and over time. Fertility declined at different rates across four groups: urban non-Indigenous populations transitioned rapidly, rural non-Indigenous groups stagnated, rural Indigenous populations experienced delays, and urban Indigenous groups resisted fertility decline. Evidence suggests non-Indigenous populations regulated fertility through retarding marriage before widespread contraceptive adoption, while Indigenous groups followed more conformist behaviors. This study integrates historical demographic data into a structured framework, improving research on long-term fertility transitions.

With the growing prevalence of dual-earner families in China, fertility decisions are increasingly influenced by experiences in the work domain. While previous research has explored the relationship between static occupational status and fertility intentions, it has largely overlooked how career development affects these dynamics. Changes in occupational status alter both the material resources available for childbearing and the balance between work and family life. Using diagonal reference models on pooled data from the Chinese General Social Survey, this study investigates the impact of intragenerational occupational mobility on fertility intentions. The findings reveal that this impact varies by parity and gender. Intragenerational upward mobility is positively associated with men's first birth intentions but negatively associated with women's first birth intentions. However, intragenerational downward mobility is negatively associated with first birth intentions for both men and women. For additional children, the impact of upward mobility is not significant, but the negative impact of downward mobility is still prominent. Overall, while upward mobility enhances fertility intentions for men by providing greater resources and stability, for women, the pursuit of career advancement often results in reduced fertility intentions. These findings highlight a gendered trade-off between professional success and family formation.

The well-being of individuals and communities is increasingly recognized as a core objective of economic and global development policies and programs. However, existing measures of well-being neglect sexual and reproductive experiences, which are core dimensions of people's lives. While there has been increasing attention to the concept of sexual well-being, measures of sexual and reproductive health are predominantly deficit-based and ignore whether people are having positive experiences. To consider the development of a measure of sexual and reproductive well-being, a multidisciplinary and geographically diverse group of experts was convened. Outcomes of this meeting included endorsement of a draft definition of sexual and reproductive well-being, demonstrated enthusiasm and commitment to the development of a measure capturing this construct, and delineation of core considerations in the measure development process. These included considering the diversity of normative and political contexts around sexuality and reproduction, and the critical nature of meaningful community engagement when developing this measure. A pathway for measuring development was defined, with the goal of creating a concise measure assessing people's holistic experiences of sexuality and reproduction that can draw attention to and monitor the extent to which people are having the sexual and reproductive lives they wish to have.

A better understanding of men's and women's attitudes and relationship contexts into which novel male contraceptive methods will be introduced is needed. A cross-sectional survey of 12,435 randomly selected heterosexual men aged 18-60 years-and 9122 of their female partners-was conducted in Nigeria, Kenya, the DR Congo (DRC), Ivory Coast, Bangladesh, and Vietnam, during 2021-2022. Across all countries, the majority endorsed that both men and women are responsible for contraception and reported that open communication and shared decision-making were common between partners. Important differences emerged by region-for example, larger proportions in Asian versus African contexts reported trust in one's partner to disclose contraception use. About one-third of respondents who had used existing male contraceptives were dissatisfied with them. Notable proportions (up to one half) also had some concerns about the potential of new male contraception methods -for example, that it may negatively affect men's sexual performance. Multinomial regression analyses showed that higher education and income were associated with more positive attitudes about men and women's shared responsibility for contraception. Findings suggest that a future roll-out of novel male contraception should tailor awareness messages and related programming to address existing concerns and differences in attitudes across regions. Results also indicate that in multiple countries with high burdens of unintended pregnancy there is a need, interest, and relatively favorable contexts for the introduction of new male contraceptives.