Since the International Conference on Population and Development in 1994, global policies, and agenda‐setting milestones have emphasized that universal sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) are unattainable without the meaningful engagement and inclusion of men. Despite this, the field of SRHR continues to struggle with how and in what ways men can and should be included in research, programs, and policies. In this commentary, we argue that the programmatic focus of SRHR limits the capacity to produce the data and evidence needed to inform gender transformational change. For men to be meaningfully engaged with by SRHR, researchers need an analytic lens that can capture the manifestations and outcomes of gender and power. We consider the conceptual complementarities between two theoretical frameworks: hegemonic masculinities and Reproductive Justice. We contend that bringing together these conceptual approaches to men and SRHR offers an analytic framework to iterate and innovate approaches to research. Such changes will allow for a greater interrogation of gender and power and the production of data and evidence necessary to grapple with the ongoing injustices that curtail people's sexual and reproductive freedoms.
{"title":"Locating Men in Sexual and Reproductive Health, Rights, and Justice: Past, Present, Futures","authors":"Joe Strong, Ernestina Coast, Malvern Chiweshe","doi":"10.1111/sifp.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sifp.70003","url":null,"abstract":"Since the International Conference on Population and Development in 1994, global policies, and agenda‐setting milestones have emphasized that universal sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) are unattainable without the meaningful engagement and inclusion of men. Despite this, the field of SRHR continues to struggle with how and in what ways men can and should be included in research, programs, and policies. In this commentary, we argue that the programmatic focus of SRHR limits the capacity to produce the data and evidence needed to inform gender transformational change. For men to be meaningfully engaged with by SRHR, researchers need an analytic lens that can capture the manifestations and outcomes of gender and power. We consider the conceptual complementarities between two theoretical frameworks: hegemonic masculinities and Reproductive Justice. We contend that bringing together these conceptual approaches to men and SRHR offers an analytic framework to iterate and innovate approaches to research. Such changes will allow for a greater interrogation of gender and power and the production of data and evidence necessary to grapple with the ongoing injustices that curtail people's sexual and reproductive freedoms.","PeriodicalId":22069,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Family Planning","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Big data and artificial intelligence (AI) have the potential to transform sexual and reproductive health (SRH), offering new avenues to enhance access, efficiency, and personalization in healthcare. AI‐driven tools can provide opportunities to improve service delivery and optimize resource allocation. Through data‐driven insights, healthcare providers can better understand population trends, predict health risks, and tailor interventions for diverse communities, ultimately advancing gender equality and empowerment. However, the integration of AI into SRH also presents significant challenges. Ethical concerns such as informed consent, data privacy, and transparency are critical to ensuring that AI applications do not violate individual autonomy and rights. The digital divide—disparities in technology access between different regions and populations—further risks exacerbating inequalities in SRH services and the provision of care. Moreover, there is a need for robust governance frameworks and global data protection laws to regulate the use of AI in SRH, and in healthcare more broadly. Programs and policies must focus on bridging these gaps, emphasizing equity and ethical considerations while leveraging AI's potential to enhance SRH services and support the vision of SRH and rights for all.
{"title":"Big Data and AI in Sexual and Reproductive Health: A Comment","authors":"Mahesh Karra, Saumya RamaRao","doi":"10.1111/sifp.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sifp.70005","url":null,"abstract":"Big data and artificial intelligence (AI) have the potential to transform sexual and reproductive health (SRH), offering new avenues to enhance access, efficiency, and personalization in healthcare. AI‐driven tools can provide opportunities to improve service delivery and optimize resource allocation. Through data‐driven insights, healthcare providers can better understand population trends, predict health risks, and tailor interventions for diverse communities, ultimately advancing gender equality and empowerment. However, the integration of AI into SRH also presents significant challenges. Ethical concerns such as informed consent, data privacy, and transparency are critical to ensuring that AI applications do not violate individual autonomy and rights. The digital divide—disparities in technology access between different regions and populations—further risks exacerbating inequalities in SRH services and the provision of care. Moreover, there is a need for robust governance frameworks and global data protection laws to regulate the use of AI in SRH, and in healthcare more broadly. Programs and policies must focus on bridging these gaps, emphasizing equity and ethical considerations while leveraging AI's potential to enhance SRH services and support the vision of SRH and rights for all.","PeriodicalId":22069,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Family Planning","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Billie de Haas,Allen Kabagenyi,Syifasari Diennabila
Fertility research in sub-Saharan Africa regularly indicates the need to increase women's reproductive autonomy. However, individual, female-focused conceptualizations of reproductive autonomy tend to neglect the power dynamics both internal and external to couples and other intimate relationships that shape a woman's reproductive autonomy. Furthermore, they disregard the reproductive autonomy of men and other subpopulations and partners in intimate relationships. To identify gaps and evaluate the applicability of the concept, this scoping review clarifies how reproductive autonomy has been assessed and applied in fertility research in sub-Saharan Africa. Eligible for inclusion were empirical peer-reviewed publications, including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods research, published since 1994. Out of 1568 articles screened, 18 met the inclusion criteria. Most publications were quantitative in nature and focused mainly on the reproductive autonomy of women. Our key finding is that the reproductive autonomy of partners in intimate relationships, and of women in particular, is restricted at the community level in order to preserve the status quo of social power structures in society. In line with a reproductive justice approach, more research should focus on the reproductive autonomy of vulnerable and understudied populations as well as on the interpersonal and contextual dynamics that suppress reproductive autonomy in communal settings.
{"title":"Reproductive Autonomy in Fertility Research in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Billie de Haas,Allen Kabagenyi,Syifasari Diennabila","doi":"10.1111/sifp.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sifp.70012","url":null,"abstract":"Fertility research in sub-Saharan Africa regularly indicates the need to increase women's reproductive autonomy. However, individual, female-focused conceptualizations of reproductive autonomy tend to neglect the power dynamics both internal and external to couples and other intimate relationships that shape a woman's reproductive autonomy. Furthermore, they disregard the reproductive autonomy of men and other subpopulations and partners in intimate relationships. To identify gaps and evaluate the applicability of the concept, this scoping review clarifies how reproductive autonomy has been assessed and applied in fertility research in sub-Saharan Africa. Eligible for inclusion were empirical peer-reviewed publications, including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods research, published since 1994. Out of 1568 articles screened, 18 met the inclusion criteria. Most publications were quantitative in nature and focused mainly on the reproductive autonomy of women. Our key finding is that the reproductive autonomy of partners in intimate relationships, and of women in particular, is restricted at the community level in order to preserve the status quo of social power structures in society. In line with a reproductive justice approach, more research should focus on the reproductive autonomy of vulnerable and understudied populations as well as on the interpersonal and contextual dynamics that suppress reproductive autonomy in communal settings.","PeriodicalId":22069,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Family Planning","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The climate crisis will have an impact on everyone, everywhere, affecting both present and future generations, but there are unique ways in which the crisis is impacting the lives of women and girls. This commentary reviews growing evidence on the effects of climate change on sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) and gender‐based violence (GBV), illustrating how the crisis is augmenting preexisting gender inequalities. Far greater attention to SRHR and GBV is needed within climate actions to ensure the fulfillment of the International Conference on Population and Development Programme of Action and a sustainable future for women and girls.
{"title":"Women, Girls, and the Climate Crisis: Advancing Reproductive Health and Rights and Gender Equality in Climate Policies at ICPD+30","authors":"Angela Baschieri, Chiagozie Udeh, Zainab Yunusa, Rachel Snow","doi":"10.1111/sifp.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sifp.70006","url":null,"abstract":"The climate crisis will have an impact on everyone, everywhere, affecting both present and future generations, but there are unique ways in which the crisis is impacting the lives of women and girls. This commentary reviews growing evidence on the effects of climate change on sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) and gender‐based violence (GBV), illustrating how the crisis is augmenting preexisting gender inequalities. Far greater attention to SRHR and GBV is needed within climate actions to ensure the fulfillment of the International Conference on Population and Development Programme of Action and a sustainable future for women and girls.","PeriodicalId":22069,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Family Planning","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elizabeth Wilkins, Michael Herrmann, Victoria Boydell, Benedict Light, Priscilla Idele
This commentary discusses the issue of low and declining fertility and the enduring relevance of the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) Programme of Action (PoA) in this new demographic context. We explore low‐fertility trends, patterns, and determinants; fertility in the context of the ICPD PoA; and the recent pushback against sexual and reproductive health, rights, and gender equality. We conclude with various actions that can be taken to future‐proof the ICPD PoA in low‐fertility contexts looking forward to the next 30 years.
{"title":"Future‐Proofing the ICPD PoA: Reproductive Rights in a Low‐Fertility World","authors":"Elizabeth Wilkins, Michael Herrmann, Victoria Boydell, Benedict Light, Priscilla Idele","doi":"10.1111/sifp.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sifp.70009","url":null,"abstract":"This commentary discusses the issue of low and declining fertility and the enduring relevance of the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) Programme of Action (PoA) in this new demographic context. We explore low‐fertility trends, patterns, and determinants; fertility in the context of the ICPD PoA; and the recent pushback against sexual and reproductive health, rights, and gender equality. We conclude with various actions that can be taken to future‐proof the ICPD PoA in low‐fertility contexts looking forward to the next 30 years.","PeriodicalId":22069,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Family Planning","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD), there have been notable improvements in reproductive health and rights. However, these overall gains obscure deep inequalities, and recent setbacks during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic highlight the fragility of this progress. The reproductive health agenda is extensive yet remains underfunded and underperforming. Careful thought is needed on how to retain reproductive health and rights as a priority in the global development framework that will replace the Sustainable Development Goals in 2030. This paper examines the evolution of reproductive health, drawing lessons and recommendations for revitalizing and future‐proofing its agenda and enhancing progress. Key recommendations include encouraging bolder thinking in research engaging with the field's multiple challenges, including nontechnical aspects; improving dissemination and utilization of policy‐relevant research; presenting a stronger business case to influence policymakers; and employing broader, inclusive rights‐based arguments that emphasize social justice and equity. Additionally, reevaluating the global reproductive health architecture is necessary, particularly the influential yet inconsistent role of the USA. Relevant lessons from maternal and child health and HIV efforts are distilled to further assist in this process of developing a more effective path forward, ensuring the ICPD's vision is achieved beyond 2030.
{"title":"Revitalizing the ICPD Programme of Action on the International Development Agenda: Toward a Path Forward for Reproductive Health and Rights in Troubled Times","authors":"Andrzej Kulczycki","doi":"10.1111/sifp.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sifp.70008","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD), there have been notable improvements in reproductive health and rights. However, these overall gains obscure deep inequalities, and recent setbacks during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic highlight the fragility of this progress. The reproductive health agenda is extensive yet remains underfunded and underperforming. Careful thought is needed on how to retain reproductive health and rights as a priority in the global development framework that will replace the Sustainable Development Goals in 2030. This paper examines the evolution of reproductive health, drawing lessons and recommendations for revitalizing and future‐proofing its agenda and enhancing progress. Key recommendations include encouraging bolder thinking in research engaging with the field's multiple challenges, including nontechnical aspects; improving dissemination and utilization of policy‐relevant research; presenting a stronger business case to influence policymakers; and employing broader, inclusive rights‐based arguments that emphasize social justice and equity. Additionally, reevaluating the global reproductive health architecture is necessary, particularly the influential yet inconsistent role of the USA. Relevant lessons from maternal and child health and HIV efforts are distilled to further assist in this process of developing a more effective path forward, ensuring the ICPD's vision is achieved beyond 2030.","PeriodicalId":22069,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Family Planning","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
George Odwe,Peter Kisaakye,Francis Obare,Yohannes Dibaba Wado,Bonnie Wandera,Stephanie Küng,Caitlin Rich,Margaret Giorgio
Estimates of the incidence of induced abortion and unintended pregnancies in refugee settings are lacking, limiting efforts to improve sexual and reproductive health services. We adapted the abortion incidence complications method to estimate the incidence of induced abortion and unintended pregnancy among women aged 15-49 years in refugee settlements in Uganda. We draw data from a survey of 102 health facilities providing postabortion care (PAC) services to women and girls across 13 refugee settlements in Uganda and a knowledgeable informant survey of 59 individuals familiar with induced abortion among the refugee population in Uganda. An estimated 4131 PAC cases were due to induced abortion among women in refugee settings. The overall induced abortion incidence rate among women living in refugee settlements in Uganda was 37.3 per 1000 women aged 15-49. Of the 31,189 live births, 25,023 pregnancies were unintended, translating to an unintended pregnancy rate of 73.7 per 1000 women of reproductive age. Of all pregnancies to women living in refugee settlements, 25 percent were estimated at end in induced abortion, 24 percent in unplanned birth, 37 percent in planned birth, and 15 percent in miscarriage. The findings suggest a need to improve access to contraceptives, safe abortion, and PAC services in refugee settlements in Uganda.
{"title":"Estimating Incidence of Induced Abortion and Unintended Pregnancy Among Women in Refugee Settlements in Uganda.","authors":"George Odwe,Peter Kisaakye,Francis Obare,Yohannes Dibaba Wado,Bonnie Wandera,Stephanie Küng,Caitlin Rich,Margaret Giorgio","doi":"10.1111/sifp.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sifp.70010","url":null,"abstract":"Estimates of the incidence of induced abortion and unintended pregnancies in refugee settings are lacking, limiting efforts to improve sexual and reproductive health services. We adapted the abortion incidence complications method to estimate the incidence of induced abortion and unintended pregnancy among women aged 15-49 years in refugee settlements in Uganda. We draw data from a survey of 102 health facilities providing postabortion care (PAC) services to women and girls across 13 refugee settlements in Uganda and a knowledgeable informant survey of 59 individuals familiar with induced abortion among the refugee population in Uganda. An estimated 4131 PAC cases were due to induced abortion among women in refugee settings. The overall induced abortion incidence rate among women living in refugee settlements in Uganda was 37.3 per 1000 women aged 15-49. Of the 31,189 live births, 25,023 pregnancies were unintended, translating to an unintended pregnancy rate of 73.7 per 1000 women of reproductive age. Of all pregnancies to women living in refugee settlements, 25 percent were estimated at end in induced abortion, 24 percent in unplanned birth, 37 percent in planned birth, and 15 percent in miscarriage. The findings suggest a need to improve access to contraceptives, safe abortion, and PAC services in refugee settlements in Uganda.","PeriodicalId":22069,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Family Planning","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jamaica Corker,Michelle Weinberger,Aisha N Z Dasgupta,Elizabeth A Sully
The 1994 International Conference on Population and Development transformed the family planning (FP) field. Yet, three decades later, global FP monitoring remains anchored in the same core indicators: contraceptive use, unmet need, and demand satisfied. Despite decades of well-established critique, these measures have seen little substantive revision. As the global community looks to 2030 and beyond, a coordinated effort is urgently needed to develop a revised set of easily interpretable, top-line FP indicators. Leveraging recent momentum around advances in FP and contraceptive measurement, this effort must be intentional and focused-ensuring that new indicators better reflect the values and priorities of the field-and should be guided by principles of simplicity, validity, directionality, and universal applicability. Without action, the FP community risks continued reliance on outdated measures or the adoption of impractical, unvalidated indicators, weakening future accountability for rights-based FP. We call on key stakeholders-FP advocates, donors, and global organizations-to prioritize and invest in the development and validation of robust new top-line FP indicators over the next three years, to ensure their integration into post-2030 global agenda setting.
{"title":"Walk the Talk: The Unfinished and Urgent Task of Revising Top-Line Family Planning Indicators, 30 Years After ICPD.","authors":"Jamaica Corker,Michelle Weinberger,Aisha N Z Dasgupta,Elizabeth A Sully","doi":"10.1111/sifp.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sifp.70007","url":null,"abstract":"The 1994 International Conference on Population and Development transformed the family planning (FP) field. Yet, three decades later, global FP monitoring remains anchored in the same core indicators: contraceptive use, unmet need, and demand satisfied. Despite decades of well-established critique, these measures have seen little substantive revision. As the global community looks to 2030 and beyond, a coordinated effort is urgently needed to develop a revised set of easily interpretable, top-line FP indicators. Leveraging recent momentum around advances in FP and contraceptive measurement, this effort must be intentional and focused-ensuring that new indicators better reflect the values and priorities of the field-and should be guided by principles of simplicity, validity, directionality, and universal applicability. Without action, the FP community risks continued reliance on outdated measures or the adoption of impractical, unvalidated indicators, weakening future accountability for rights-based FP. We call on key stakeholders-FP advocates, donors, and global organizations-to prioritize and invest in the development and validation of robust new top-line FP indicators over the next three years, to ensure their integration into post-2030 global agenda setting.","PeriodicalId":22069,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Family Planning","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01Epub Date: 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1111/sifp.70002
Victoria Boydell, Francis Obare, Mahesh Karra
{"title":"Navigating Change in the Family Planning and Reproductive Health Landscape.","authors":"Victoria Boydell, Francis Obare, Mahesh Karra","doi":"10.1111/sifp.70002","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sifp.70002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22069,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Family Planning","volume":" ","pages":"5-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01Epub Date: 2025-02-26DOI: 10.1111/sifp.12282
Federica Becca, Albert Esteve, Andrés F Castro Torres
Over the past six decades, significant demographic and familial changes, including rapid fertility decline, have occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), impacting household structure and formation. We document trends in and changes to household size and composition in the region, leveraging 144 country-year samples from census and survey microdata across 27 LAC countries. We measure changes in average household size, household composition by member relationship to the household head, and the evolution of female headship. Our findings show a general reduction in household size that mirrors the trend in fertility decline, albeit with subregional variations. An analysis of changes in members' relationships over time reveals that children are the main drivers of household shrinkage. The analysis also unveils the enduring complexity of household composition, namely of extended family structures. Female-headed households, which are characterized by more complex household structures than their male-headed counterparts, significantly increased over time. This trend partly explains the persistence of extended households in LAC. In addition, we document a gradual convergence in the average number of children per household between male- and female-headed households. These results challenge theories positing a global convergence towards nuclear family structures. Overall, LAC's demographic and familial transformations underscore the interplay between shrinking household size and persistent household complexity.
{"title":"Changes in Latin American and Caribbean Household Structure Amidst Fertility Decline, 1960-2020.","authors":"Federica Becca, Albert Esteve, Andrés F Castro Torres","doi":"10.1111/sifp.12282","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sifp.12282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past six decades, significant demographic and familial changes, including rapid fertility decline, have occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), impacting household structure and formation. We document trends in and changes to household size and composition in the region, leveraging 144 country-year samples from census and survey microdata across 27 LAC countries. We measure changes in average household size, household composition by member relationship to the household head, and the evolution of female headship. Our findings show a general reduction in household size that mirrors the trend in fertility decline, albeit with subregional variations. An analysis of changes in members' relationships over time reveals that children are the main drivers of household shrinkage. The analysis also unveils the enduring complexity of household composition, namely of extended family structures. Female-headed households, which are characterized by more complex household structures than their male-headed counterparts, significantly increased over time. This trend partly explains the persistence of extended households in LAC. In addition, we document a gradual convergence in the average number of children per household between male- and female-headed households. These results challenge theories positing a global convergence towards nuclear family structures. Overall, LAC's demographic and familial transformations underscore the interplay between shrinking household size and persistent household complexity.</p>","PeriodicalId":22069,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Family Planning","volume":" ","pages":"135-160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143516844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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