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EXPRESS: We are all pattern makers! How a flat ontology connects organizational routines and grand challenges EXPRESS:我们都是制版师!扁平本体如何将组织惯例和重大挑战联系起来
2区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.1177/14761270231215685
Kathrin Sele, Christian Mahringer, Anja Danner-Schröder, Thomas Grisold, Birgit Renzl
Adopting a flat ontology, we discuss how phenomena of societal concern are connected to organizational routines. We conceptualize grand challenges as large patterns of actions to overcome the micro-macro divide prevalent in existing research. We introduce spatial, temporal, and agentic relations as three interrelated aspects of scale that are of particular interest and demonstrate how social phenomena may be approached through these relations. Focusing on the situated enactment of routines allows us to identify weakening and strengthening between actors and their actions as important processes that reflect the continuous patterning of grand challenges. We contribute to the literature by highlighting the consequentiality of mundane actions and by questioning the dominant approach to change in research on grand challenges. Our insights offer several practical implications for intervening on grand challenges.
采用扁平本体,我们讨论了社会关注的现象如何与组织惯例联系起来。我们将大挑战概念化为克服现有研究中普遍存在的微观-宏观鸿沟的大型行动模式。我们将空间、时间和代理关系作为尺度的三个相互关联的方面进行介绍,这是特别感兴趣的,并展示了如何通过这些关系来接近社会现象。把重点放在例行程序的情境制定上,使我们能够识别出行为者及其行为之间的削弱和加强,这是反映重大挑战持续模式的重要过程。我们通过强调世俗行为的后果和质疑在重大挑战研究中改变的主要方法来贡献文献。我们的见解为应对重大挑战提供了一些实际意义。
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引用次数: 0
EXPRESS: How and why alpha should depend on sample size: A Bayesian-frequentist compromise for significance testing 如何以及为什么alpha应该取决于样本量:贝叶斯频率主义者对显著性检验的妥协
2区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1177/14761270231214429
Jesper N. Wulff, Luke Taylor
In management research, fixed alpha levels in statistical testing are ubiquitous. However, in highly powered studies, they can lead to Lindley’s paradox, a situation where the null hypothesis is rejected despite evidence in the test actually supporting it. We propose a sample-size-dependent alpha level that combines the benefits of both frequentist and Bayesian statistics, enabling strict hypothesis testing with known error rates while also quantifying the evidence for a hypothesis. We offer actionable guidelines of how to implement the sample-size-dependent alpha in practice and provide an R-package and web app to implement our method for regression models. By using this approach, researchers can avoid mindless defaults and instead justify alpha as a function of sample size, thus improving the reliability of statistical analysis in management research.
在管理学研究中,统计检验中的固定alpha水平是普遍存在的。然而,在高强度的研究中,它们可能导致林德利悖论,即零假设被拒绝的情况,尽管测试中的证据实际上支持它。我们提出了一个样本大小相关的alpha水平,它结合了频率主义者和贝叶斯统计的优点,使严格的假设检验具有已知的错误率,同时也量化了假设的证据。我们提供了如何在实践中实现样本大小依赖的alpha的可操作指南,并提供了一个r包和web应用程序来实现我们的回归模型方法。通过使用这种方法,研究人员可以避免无意识的默认值,而是证明alpha是样本量的函数,从而提高管理研究中统计分析的可靠性。
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引用次数: 0
Themed issue: Political strategy in and by organizations 主题议题:组织内部和组织的政治战略
2区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/14761270231207920
Glen W.S. Dowell, Oliver Alexy
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引用次数: 0
EXPRESS: Attentional Control Systems for Emergent Strategic Issues in the Post-Chandlerian World EXPRESS:后钱德勒时代突发战略问题的注意力控制系统
IF 4.9 2区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/14761270231199278
Geoffrey Love
Scholars have recently emphasized a need to advance the attention-based view to account for a new “post-Chandlerian” environment wherein firms organized along Chandlerian m-form lines are increasingly unable to cope with rapid and discontinuous changes and strategic issues that can emerge anywhere in the organization. This paper works to make such an advance by drawing on the underdeveloped idea of attentional control – that is direction of members’ attention - within the ABV. The paper develops the concept of attentional control systems and as its core contribution proposes that firms can use issue-specific emergent attentional control systems to address emergent strategic issues that are characteristic of post-Chandlerian environments. Key components of these systems include emergent, issue-specific communication channels, reconfigured roles, and interactive control practices. These three interrelated attentional control mechanisms enable attentional dynamism and high-quality attention to be directed towards emergent strategic issues, thus mediating effective strategic decision-making as well as resource commitment and ultimately enhancing strategic adaptation.
学者们最近强调,有必要推进基于注意力的观点,以解释一种新的“后钱德勒”环境,在这种环境中,沿着钱德勒m型线组织的公司越来越无法应对组织中任何地方可能出现的快速和不连续的变化和战略问题。本文试图通过借鉴ABV中注意力控制(即成员注意力的方向)这一不成熟的概念来取得这样的进步。本文发展了注意力控制系统的概念,并作为其核心贡献,提出企业可以使用特定问题的紧急注意力控制系统来解决后钱德勒环境中特有的紧急战略问题。这些系统的关键组成部分包括紧急的、特定问题的沟通渠道、重新配置的角色和交互式控制实践。这三种相互关联的注意力控制机制使注意力动态和高质量的注意力能够被引导到紧急的战略问题上,从而介导有效的战略决策和资源承诺,并最终加强战略适应。
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引用次数: 0
EXPRESS: An alter-centric perspective of status disparity and newcomer additions in multiparty syndicates EXPRESS:多方辛迪加中地位差距和新成员加入的另类中心视角
IF 4.9 2区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1177/14761270231199760
Steven M. Gray, P. Boumgarden, R. Ranganathan, Laura Huang
Status dynamics play a critical role in venture capital (VC) syndication. Prior research on multiparty syndicates has shown how status differences among current syndicate members affect how the syndicate searches for new investors in later investment rounds. However, it is unclear how potential newcomers evaluate whether or not to join a syndicate based on the degree of status disparity among current syndicate members. We adopt an alter-centric approach by examining how an existing syndicate’s status disparity affects a potential newcomer’s willingness to join. For potential newcomers, we contend that syndicate status disparity is a double-edged sword, both deterring newcomers due to low perceptions of syndicate trust while simultanously attracting newcomers at the prospect of accessing diverse future investment opportunities. Whether the perceived costs of syndicate status disparity outweigh the perceived benefits for newcomers depends upon the degree of risk associated with the venture deal. Across two studies—a field experiment of 193 institutional investors and an archival study of 3,644 multiparty syndicates—we found that newcomers are attracted to syndicate status disparity when deal risk is low but deterred from syndicate status disparity when deal risk is high. Our paper highlights how newcomer additions to multiparty syndicates entail a complex interplay between features of co-investors and features of the venture deal.
地位动态在风险投资(VC)联合中起着至关重要的作用。先前对多党辛迪加的研究表明,当前辛迪加成员之间的地位差异如何影响辛迪加在随后的投资轮中寻找新投资者。然而,目前尚不清楚潜在的新来者如何根据当前辛迪加成员之间的地位差异程度来评估是否加入辛迪加。我们采用了一种以改变为中心的方法,通过研究现有辛迪加的地位差异如何影响潜在新人的加入意愿。对于潜在的新来者,我们认为辛迪加的地位差距是一把双刃剑,既因为对辛迪加信任度低而阻碍了新来者,又同时吸引了未来获得各种投资机会的新来者。辛迪加地位差异的感知成本是否超过新来者的感知利益,取决于与风险交易相关的风险程度。在两项研究中——一项对193家机构投资者的实地实验和一项对3644个多党辛迪加的档案研究——我们发现,当交易风险较低时,新来者会被辛迪加地位差异所吸引,但当交易风险较高时,他们会对辛迪加身份差异望而却步。我们的论文强调了多党辛迪加的新成员如何在共同投资者的特征和风险交易的特征之间产生复杂的相互作用。
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引用次数: 0
Toward an attention-based view of crises 转向以注意力为基础的危机观
IF 4.9 2区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.1177/14761270231189935
Ravi S. Kudesia, Tingting Lang
This article develops the attention-based view of crises. Crises implicate the failure of structures that shape attention throughout a system and initiate attempts to transform these structures. As crises are so influential, case studies of crisis provide rich details from which to build theory. Synthesizing insights from 80 qualitative case studies of crises, we build a theoretical framework that revitalizes scholarly understanding of how structure and attention relate in today’s complex systems. This framework reveals how everyday social practices instantiate structure, compose systems, and shape the quality of attention, such that practices constitute both a source and solution to crises. Understanding the systemic nature of attention through practices might therefore advance our collective capacity to face crises. It also contributes more broadly to ongoing conversations about how to apply the attention-based view in today’s world, where important organizations look less and less like traditional big businesses, notions of structure implied by formal organization charts are diminishingly relevant, and the quality of attention matters more than its quantity.
本文发展了基于注意力的危机观。危机意味着在整个系统中塑造注意力的结构的失败,并引发了改变这些结构的尝试。由于危机的影响如此之大,对危机的个案研究为构建理论提供了丰富的细节。综合了80个危机定性案例研究的见解,我们构建了一个理论框架,重新激发了学术界对当今复杂系统中结构和注意力之间关系的理解。这个框架揭示了日常社会实践如何实例化结构、组成系统和塑造注意力的质量,从而使实践既是危机的根源,也是危机的解决方案。因此,通过实践了解关注的系统性可能会提高我们面对危机的集体能力。它还更广泛地促进了关于如何在当今世界应用基于注意力的观点的持续对话,在当今世界,重要的组织看起来越来越不像传统的大企业,正式的组织结构图所隐含的结构概念越来越不相关,注意力的质量比数量更重要。
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引用次数: 0
EXPRESS: Is LGBT Inclusion Motivated by Organizational Performance? Exploring the Relationships Between Performance Feedback and LGBT Inclusion in Firms EXPRESS:组织绩效是否激励LGBT包容?企业绩效反馈与LGBT包容性关系探讨
IF 4.9 2区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.1177/14761270231199759
Serhan Kotiloglu, A. McDonald
Aligned with changing societal norms toward lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals, many firms strive to become more inclusive toward their LGBT stakeholders. Despite this positive trend, not all firms embrace LGBT inclusion; some choose to be less inclusive. We assert that considering organizational factors can explain why such disparities exist. We used the organizational performance feedback theory (PFT) to understand the antecedents of LGBT inclusion in firms. PFT proposes that firm performance relative to an aspiration level drives organizational actions. Using the Human Rights Campaign (HRC) Corporate Equality Index (CEI) of 269 US firms between 2012–2020, we demonstrated that as firms’ financial performance decreases below aspirations, or as it increases above aspirations, LGBT inclusion decreases. We also showed that the firm’s prior LGBT inclusion performance feedback moderates these relationships. Our study has important implications for PFT and LGBT inclusion in firms.
随着对女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和跨性别者(LGBT)个人的社会规范不断变化,许多公司努力对其LGBT利益相关者更加包容。尽管有这种积极的趋势,但并不是所有的公司都接受LGBT的包容;有些人选择不那么包容。我们断言,考虑组织因素可以解释为什么存在这种差异。我们使用组织绩效反馈理论(PFT)来理解企业中LGBT包容性的前因。PFT提出,相对于期望水平的企业绩效推动组织行动。使用2012-2012年间269家美国公司的人权运动(HRC)企业平等指数(CEI),我们证明,随着公司的财务业绩下降到低于期望值,或者上升到高于期望值,LGBT包容性就会下降。我们还表明,该公司之前的LGBT包容性绩效反馈调节了这些关系。我们的研究对PFT和LGBT在企业中的包容性具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
EXPRESS: From Attention to Action: How Board Environmental Expertise Influences Corporate Environmental Performance EXPRESS:从关注到行动:董事会环境专业知识如何影响企业环境绩效
IF 4.9 2区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.1177/14761270231197995
Sarosh Asad, Jane Hennig, J. Oehmichen, Michael Wolff, Veronika Haas
How do board environmental experts influence corporate environmental performance? Drawing on the advisory role of the board, we examine this question and propose that board environmental expertise fosters attention toward stakeholders through the development of decision-makers’ knowledge structures and the identification of opportunities to address a wider range of stakeholders, ultimately contributing to stronger stakeholder orientation. Additionally, we theorize that board environmental expertise fosters substantive actions toward environmental performance by reducing information asymmetry and accurately assessing the risks of investing in pro-environmental initiatives. We also consider how the effects unfold in different institutional contexts. We theorize and find that national stakeholder salience increases attention pressure toward stakeholders and that environment-oriented legislation adds to the action pressure toward environmental performance. Our results, based on 11,634 firm-year observations from 15 countries between 2003 and 2016, support our theoretical predictions.
董事会环境专家如何影响企业环境绩效?根据董事会的咨询作用,我们研究了这个问题,并建议董事会的环境专业知识通过发展决策者的知识结构和确定机会来解决更广泛的利益相关者问题,从而促进对利益相关者的关注,最终有助于加强利益相关者导向。此外,我们的理论是,董事会的环境专业知识通过减少信息不对称和准确评估投资于环保举措的风险,促进了对环境绩效的实质性行动。我们还考虑了这些影响在不同的制度背景下是如何展开的。我们推断并发现,国家利益相关者的显著性增加了对利益相关者关注的压力,而以环境为导向的立法增加了对环境绩效的行动压力。我们的结果基于2003年至2016年间来自15个国家的11634个公司年度的观测结果,支持了我们的理论预测。
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引用次数: 1
EXPRESS: WHEN DOES HIGH INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY EXPLAIN THE PRESENCE OF MNEs IN A FOREIGN COUNTRY? EXPERIENTIAL AND VICARIOUS LEARNING AS BOUNDARY CONDITIONS 《快报》:在什么情况下,高制度质量可以解释跨国公司在国外的存在?作为边界条件的体验式和替代式学习
IF 4.9 2区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2023-08-18 DOI: 10.1177/14761270231195497
Beatriz Domínguez, Jaime Gómez, J. Maicas
Institutional economics theory predicts that multinational enterprises (MNEs) operate in foreign countries with high institutional quality, which is known as the institutional profile effect. Nevertheless, the predictions of this theory seem to diverge from the international presence of certain MNEs, raising questions about the broader applicability of the institutional profile effect. We posit that the phenomenon of learning by MNEs offers an explanation for the occasional ineffectiveness of the institutional profile effect in specific contexts. Thus, we seek to answer the following research question: What types of learning reduce the probability of MNEs operating in countries with high institutional quality? To address this question, we investigate the role of experiential and vicarious learning as boundary conditions for the institutional profile effect, and compare their respective effects. Through our empirical analysis of a sample comprising 60 telecommunications MNEs, 39 home countries, and 145 host countries, we find that both experiential and vicarious learning have a negative moderating effect on the institutional profile effect. Furthermore, our findings indicate the existence of a cumulative effect resulting from the combination of different types of learning.
制度经济学理论预测跨国企业在国外经营具有较高的制度质量,这就是所谓的制度轮廓效应。然而,这一理论的预测似乎与某些跨国公司的国际存在有所不同,这引发了对制度形象效应更广泛适用性的质疑。我们认为,跨国公司的学习现象为特定背景下机构形象效应的偶尔无效提供了一种解释。因此,我们试图回答以下研究问题:什么类型的学习会降低跨国公司在高制度质量国家运营的概率?为了解决这个问题,我们研究了经验学习和替代学习作为制度轮廓效应的边界条件的作用,并比较了它们各自的影响。通过对包括60个电信跨国公司、39个母国和145个东道国的样本的实证分析,我们发现体验式学习和替代式学习都对制度形象效应具有负面调节作用。此外,我们的研究结果表明,不同类型的学习组合会产生累积效应。
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引用次数: 0
EXPRESS: “We made a mistake”: How top executives dialectically narrate strategic errors in situations of strategic change EXPRESS:“我们犯了一个错误”:高层管理者如何在战略变革的情况下辩证地叙述战略错误
IF 4.9 2区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2023-08-18 DOI: 10.1177/14761270231195295
Vincent J. Giolito, Damon Golsorkhi
Based on 21 in-depth interviews with CEOs and board chairs leading 900,000 people in large financial firms in Europe, this study surfaces the acknowledgment of strategic errors in top executives’ narratives as a broad theme associated with strategy change. This theme is intriguing because errors are typically associated with negative connotations undermining leaders’ self-image and credibility. More specifically, this study identifies in top executives’ error narratives a dialectic process consisting of mobilizing errors and de(if)fusing errors or distancing themselves from them; the paper models seven narrative practices within the process. As a first contribution to narrative research on strategy and change, this study introduces strategic errors as a narrative trigger in top executives' retrospective accounts of strategy change, frequently associated with the plausible economic failure of their firms. Second, while extant research generally focuses on the coherence of individual narratives, this study adds on the relatively rare studies recognizing a dialectic in individual narratives on change.
基于对欧洲大型金融公司首席执行官和董事会主席的21次深度访谈,本研究揭示了高管们承认战略错误是与战略变革相关的一个广泛主题。这个主题很有趣,因为错误通常与损害领导者自我形象和可信度的负面含义联系在一起。更具体地说,本研究确定了高管错误叙述的辩证过程,包括动员错误和消除(如果)融合错误或与错误保持距离;本文模拟了这一过程中的七种叙事实践。作为对战略和变革叙事研究的第一个贡献,本研究将战略错误作为叙事触发因素引入了高管对战略变革的回顾性描述中,这通常与公司看似合理的经济失败有关。其次,在现有研究普遍关注个体叙事的连贯性的同时,本研究增加了相对罕见的认识到个体叙事在变化中的辩证法的研究。
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引用次数: 0
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Strategic Organization
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