D. Fan, Md. Imrul Khalid, G. Kamble, H. Sasai, S. Takizawa
The facile and green synthesis of 1,1′-binaphthalene-2,2′-diamine (BINAM) derivatives was established via the anodic dehydrogenative homo-coupling of 2-naphthylamines. The sustainable protocol provided a series of BINAMs in excellent yields of up to 98% with good current efficiency (66%) and H2 as the sole coproduct without utilizing transition-metal reagents or stoichiometric oxidants.
{"title":"Electrochemical Synthesis of 1,1′-Binaphthalene-2,2′-Diamines via Transition-Metal-Free Oxidative Homocoupling","authors":"D. Fan, Md. Imrul Khalid, G. Kamble, H. Sasai, S. Takizawa","doi":"10.3390/suschem3040034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/suschem3040034","url":null,"abstract":"The facile and green synthesis of 1,1′-binaphthalene-2,2′-diamine (BINAM) derivatives was established via the anodic dehydrogenative homo-coupling of 2-naphthylamines. The sustainable protocol provided a series of BINAMs in excellent yields of up to 98% with good current efficiency (66%) and H2 as the sole coproduct without utilizing transition-metal reagents or stoichiometric oxidants.","PeriodicalId":22103,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82123249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Beatriz Soares Aguiar, J. M. Costa, Gabriela Espirito Santos, G. P. Sancinetti, R. P. Rodriguez
Among the various existing metals, zinc and copper are predominant metals in several effluents from industries such as electroplating, plastics production and mining. Technical methods have been applied in the treatment of effluents containing metals, including chemical removal, adsorption, ion exchange, membrane technologies and electrochemistry. However, it is necessary to develop technologies that minimize costs and increase treatment quality while reducing residual sludge generation. Adsorption using biological materials stands out for removing metals, a low-cost technique and high efficiency. Thus, this study evaluated metal adsorption using an adsorbent from granular and powdered anaerobic sludge, followed by a kinetic analysis, aiming at a new alternative for wastewater treatment. Evaluation of the copper and zinc adsorption process using granular and powdered biomass resulted in maximum removals of 72.9% and 62.7% for zinc, respectively, and 92.8% and 85.0% for copper, respectively. Analyzing the kinetic models, the pseudo-second-order model fitted the data better. Applying the kinetics of other studies in the literature for copper and zinc removal by other adsorbents, the pseudo-second-order model was the most representative model. In this context, kinetic modeling allowed the determination of the solute removal rate, estimating the adsorption mechanism.
{"title":"Removal of Metals by Biomass Derived Adsorbent in Its Granular and Powdered Forms: Adsorption Capacity and Kinetics Analysis","authors":"Ana Beatriz Soares Aguiar, J. M. Costa, Gabriela Espirito Santos, G. P. Sancinetti, R. P. Rodriguez","doi":"10.3390/suschem3040033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/suschem3040033","url":null,"abstract":"Among the various existing metals, zinc and copper are predominant metals in several effluents from industries such as electroplating, plastics production and mining. Technical methods have been applied in the treatment of effluents containing metals, including chemical removal, adsorption, ion exchange, membrane technologies and electrochemistry. However, it is necessary to develop technologies that minimize costs and increase treatment quality while reducing residual sludge generation. Adsorption using biological materials stands out for removing metals, a low-cost technique and high efficiency. Thus, this study evaluated metal adsorption using an adsorbent from granular and powdered anaerobic sludge, followed by a kinetic analysis, aiming at a new alternative for wastewater treatment. Evaluation of the copper and zinc adsorption process using granular and powdered biomass resulted in maximum removals of 72.9% and 62.7% for zinc, respectively, and 92.8% and 85.0% for copper, respectively. Analyzing the kinetic models, the pseudo-second-order model fitted the data better. Applying the kinetics of other studies in the literature for copper and zinc removal by other adsorbents, the pseudo-second-order model was the most representative model. In this context, kinetic modeling allowed the determination of the solute removal rate, estimating the adsorption mechanism.","PeriodicalId":22103,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80493483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The following article introduces, in a thorough manner, how the chemical pozzolanic reaction takes place in cement composites containing the fly ash (FA) additive. In the research part, however, the development of phases in the structure of the cement paste in the initial period of its curing and after 28 days from its preparation was traced. For this purpose, a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used. In order to accurately highlight all the characteristic stages of the formation of the structure of the composite containing FA, an analysis of the cement matrix was carried out between 0.5 and 28 days of their curing. Microstructural studies were complemented by tests of pozzolanic activity of FAs used. In order to conduct a full analysis of this feature, experiments were carried out using two types of research methods, i.e., chemical and physical. On the basis on the conducted studies it was found that: in cement composites with the addition of FA, in the period until the third day of curing, the development of the material structure is mainly the result of the hydration reaction, and between the seventh and fourteenth day after sample preparation, the first signs of the pozzolanic reaction on FA grains are visible; however, in the period between 14 and 28 days, there is a clear homogenization of the structure of the cement composite with the addition of FA, resulting from the change of disordered phases into compact and homogeneous forms and filling in the composite of porous places with pozzolanic reaction products. The use of cement composites based on materials whose application makes it possible to reduce GHG emissions to the atmosphere, reduce energy consumption, and reduce industrial waste landfills leads towards the development of ecological and sustainable building engineering.
{"title":"The Role of Pozzolanic Activity of Siliceous Fly Ash in the Formation of the Structure of Sustainable Cementitious Composites","authors":"G. Golewski","doi":"10.3390/suschem3040032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/suschem3040032","url":null,"abstract":"The following article introduces, in a thorough manner, how the chemical pozzolanic reaction takes place in cement composites containing the fly ash (FA) additive. In the research part, however, the development of phases in the structure of the cement paste in the initial period of its curing and after 28 days from its preparation was traced. For this purpose, a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used. In order to accurately highlight all the characteristic stages of the formation of the structure of the composite containing FA, an analysis of the cement matrix was carried out between 0.5 and 28 days of their curing. Microstructural studies were complemented by tests of pozzolanic activity of FAs used. In order to conduct a full analysis of this feature, experiments were carried out using two types of research methods, i.e., chemical and physical. On the basis on the conducted studies it was found that: in cement composites with the addition of FA, in the period until the third day of curing, the development of the material structure is mainly the result of the hydration reaction, and between the seventh and fourteenth day after sample preparation, the first signs of the pozzolanic reaction on FA grains are visible; however, in the period between 14 and 28 days, there is a clear homogenization of the structure of the cement composite with the addition of FA, resulting from the change of disordered phases into compact and homogeneous forms and filling in the composite of porous places with pozzolanic reaction products. The use of cement composites based on materials whose application makes it possible to reduce GHG emissions to the atmosphere, reduce energy consumption, and reduce industrial waste landfills leads towards the development of ecological and sustainable building engineering.","PeriodicalId":22103,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91101809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guilherme M. Fernandes, Francisco J. D. Macedo, J. C. D. da Silva, Luís Pinto da Silva
Brown carbon is a type of strong light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosol associated with radiative forcing. Nevertheless, the difficulty in correlating the chemical composition of brown carbon with its light absorption properties impairs the proper elucidation of its role in radiative forcing. Here, we have used a time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT)-based procedure to revisit the “real-world” absorption spectra of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) over the city of Porto, in Portugal, while correcting the spectra for their quantity in PM10 particulate matter. Our aim is to, by comparing these new results with those obtained previously regarding PM2.5 data, evaluate the role of different groupings of particulate matter in the light absorption of brown carbon. The results indicate that irrespective of the absorption spectra corresponding to their PM10 or PM2.5 data, the studied PAHs should contribute to radiative forcing by light absorption at UVA and (sub)visible wavelengths. However, the identity of the individual PAH species that contribute the most for the considered wavelengths can be quite different. Thus, different groupings of particulate matter appear to provide distinct contributions to light absorption and radiative forcing over the same location, even when considering the same class of molecular compounds.
{"title":"Revisiting the Absorption Spectra of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons over Porto (Portugal) by TD-DFT Calculations","authors":"Guilherme M. Fernandes, Francisco J. D. Macedo, J. C. D. da Silva, Luís Pinto da Silva","doi":"10.3390/suschem3040031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/suschem3040031","url":null,"abstract":"Brown carbon is a type of strong light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosol associated with radiative forcing. Nevertheless, the difficulty in correlating the chemical composition of brown carbon with its light absorption properties impairs the proper elucidation of its role in radiative forcing. Here, we have used a time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT)-based procedure to revisit the “real-world” absorption spectra of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) over the city of Porto, in Portugal, while correcting the spectra for their quantity in PM10 particulate matter. Our aim is to, by comparing these new results with those obtained previously regarding PM2.5 data, evaluate the role of different groupings of particulate matter in the light absorption of brown carbon. The results indicate that irrespective of the absorption spectra corresponding to their PM10 or PM2.5 data, the studied PAHs should contribute to radiative forcing by light absorption at UVA and (sub)visible wavelengths. However, the identity of the individual PAH species that contribute the most for the considered wavelengths can be quite different. Thus, different groupings of particulate matter appear to provide distinct contributions to light absorption and radiative forcing over the same location, even when considering the same class of molecular compounds.","PeriodicalId":22103,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84011355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Nandakumar, T. Rajmohan, S. Vijayabhaskar, D. Vijayan
The presence of abrasive particles in ceramic reinforced composite materials makes the machining complicated by generating friction at elevated temperatures. Lubricants can be used to prohibit the hazard of higher temperatures. This research work is focused on examining the effects of lubricants on the grinding performances of Al matrix composites reinforced with nano-SiC particles under minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). A cylindrical grinding machine is used to perform the grinding experiments by employing a Box–Behnken design. Multiple performances, such as surface roughness, grinding forces and temperature, are optimized by considering the depth of cut, speed of the workpiece, wheel speed and wt % of nano-SiC using response surface methodology (RSM)-based artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm. Atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to observe the morphologies of the machined surfaces and the wheel.
{"title":"Sustainable Grinding Performances of Nano-Sic Reinforced Al Matrix Composites under MQL: An Integrated Box–Behnken Design Coupled with Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) Algorithm","authors":"A. Nandakumar, T. Rajmohan, S. Vijayabhaskar, D. Vijayan","doi":"10.3390/suschem3040030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/suschem3040030","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of abrasive particles in ceramic reinforced composite materials makes the machining complicated by generating friction at elevated temperatures. Lubricants can be used to prohibit the hazard of higher temperatures. This research work is focused on examining the effects of lubricants on the grinding performances of Al matrix composites reinforced with nano-SiC particles under minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). A cylindrical grinding machine is used to perform the grinding experiments by employing a Box–Behnken design. Multiple performances, such as surface roughness, grinding forces and temperature, are optimized by considering the depth of cut, speed of the workpiece, wheel speed and wt % of nano-SiC using response surface methodology (RSM)-based artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm. Atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to observe the morphologies of the machined surfaces and the wheel.","PeriodicalId":22103,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90988973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ikki Tateishi, M. Furukawa, H. Katsumata, S. Kaneco
The metal and molecular vapor separation analysis (MMVSA) of solid samples with an atomic absorption detector (AA) was investigated for the direct determination of manganese and copper in biological materials. An open column made with a molybdenum tube (i.d. 1.22 mm) with three-ring supporters was developed. Pure argon as a carrier gas flowed at a flow rate of 4.0 mL min−1. An ultrasonic agitation method was used for suspending NIST standard reference material powders in water. Manganese and copper in the biological powders were completely separated from Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, and Zn elements by MMVSA under optimal experimental conditions. Several NIST biological samples were directly analyzed with satisfactory results. It was found that manganese and copper in biological materials without interferences from matrix elements could be directly determined after only an ultrasonic agitation of the biological powders. The advantages of the slurry sampling of MMVSA are simplicity, low cost, a high speed of analysis, and rapid calibration.
采用原子吸收检测器(AA)对固体样品进行金属和分子气相分离分析(MMVSA)，用于生物材料中锰和铜的直接测定。研制了一种由直径1.22 mm的钼管制成的带三环支架的开孔柱。纯氩气作为载气以4.0 mL min - 1的流速流动。采用超声搅拌法将NIST标准物质粉末悬浮在水中。在最佳实验条件下，采用MMVSA技术将生物粉中的锰、铜与Al、Ca、Fe、K、Mg、Na、Zn等元素完全分离。几个NIST生物样品直接分析，结果令人满意。发现生物材料中的锰和铜在不受基质元素干扰的情况下，只需对生物粉末进行超声搅拌即可直接测定。MMVSA浆液取样的优点是简单、成本低、分析速度快、校准速度快。
{"title":"Metal and Molecular Vapor Separation Analysis for Direct Determination of Mn and Cu by Atomic Absorption Detection, Free of Background Absorption","authors":"Ikki Tateishi, M. Furukawa, H. Katsumata, S. Kaneco","doi":"10.3390/suschem3040029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/suschem3040029","url":null,"abstract":"The metal and molecular vapor separation analysis (MMVSA) of solid samples with an atomic absorption detector (AA) was investigated for the direct determination of manganese and copper in biological materials. An open column made with a molybdenum tube (i.d. 1.22 mm) with three-ring supporters was developed. Pure argon as a carrier gas flowed at a flow rate of 4.0 mL min−1. An ultrasonic agitation method was used for suspending NIST standard reference material powders in water. Manganese and copper in the biological powders were completely separated from Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, and Zn elements by MMVSA under optimal experimental conditions. Several NIST biological samples were directly analyzed with satisfactory results. It was found that manganese and copper in biological materials without interferences from matrix elements could be directly determined after only an ultrasonic agitation of the biological powders. The advantages of the slurry sampling of MMVSA are simplicity, low cost, a high speed of analysis, and rapid calibration.","PeriodicalId":22103,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90788839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. G. Khokarale, P. Jablonski, D. Nikjoo, V. M. Dinh, Ola Sundman, K. Irgum, J. Mikkola
In this report, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, [EMIM][AcO] ionic liquid (IL) and acetic acid (AA) comprised solvents were used for the thermal treatment of poly (vinylidene difluoride), PVDF. Here, besides the various combinations of IL and AA in solvents, the pure IL and AA were also applied as a solvent upon thermal treatments. The samples obtained after the treatment were analysed for structural and crystalline phase changes, porosity, and molecular weight distribution with various analytical techniques. The Kamlet-Taft parameters measurement of the IL and AA containing solvents with different solvatochromic dyes was also performed to examine their solvent properties and correlate with the properties of the treated PVDF materials. The treatment of PVDF with pure IL results in the formation of highly carbonaceous material due to extensive dehydroflurination (DHF) as well as possibly successive cross-linking in the polymer chains. Upon IL and AA combined solvent treatment, the neat PVDF which composed of both α- and β crystalline phases was transformed to porous and β-phase rich material whereas in case of pure AA the non-porous and pure α-phase polymeric entity was obtained. A combined mixture of IL and AA resulted in a limited the DHF process and subsequent cross-linking in the polymer chains of PVDF allowed the formation of a porous material. It was observed that the porosity of the thermally treated materials was steadily decreasing with increase in the amount of AA in solvents composition and solvent with an AA:IL mole ratio of 2:1 resulted in a PVDF material with the highest porosity amongst the applied solvents. A recovery method for the IL and AA combined solvent after the thermal treatment of PVDF was also established. Hence, with varying the type of solvents in terms of composition, the highly carbonaceous materials as well as materials with different porosities as well as crystalline phases can be obtained. Most importantly here, we introduced new IL and AA containing recoverable solvents for the synthesis of porous PVDF material with the electroactive β-phase.
{"title":"Poly (Vinylidene Difluoride) Polymer in 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Acetate and Acetic Acid Containing Solvents: Tunable and Recoverable Solvent Media to Induce Crystalline Phase Transition and Porosity","authors":"S. G. Khokarale, P. Jablonski, D. Nikjoo, V. M. Dinh, Ola Sundman, K. Irgum, J. Mikkola","doi":"10.3390/suschem3040028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/suschem3040028","url":null,"abstract":"In this report, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, [EMIM][AcO] ionic liquid (IL) and acetic acid (AA) comprised solvents were used for the thermal treatment of poly (vinylidene difluoride), PVDF. Here, besides the various combinations of IL and AA in solvents, the pure IL and AA were also applied as a solvent upon thermal treatments. The samples obtained after the treatment were analysed for structural and crystalline phase changes, porosity, and molecular weight distribution with various analytical techniques. The Kamlet-Taft parameters measurement of the IL and AA containing solvents with different solvatochromic dyes was also performed to examine their solvent properties and correlate with the properties of the treated PVDF materials. The treatment of PVDF with pure IL results in the formation of highly carbonaceous material due to extensive dehydroflurination (DHF) as well as possibly successive cross-linking in the polymer chains. Upon IL and AA combined solvent treatment, the neat PVDF which composed of both α- and β crystalline phases was transformed to porous and β-phase rich material whereas in case of pure AA the non-porous and pure α-phase polymeric entity was obtained. A combined mixture of IL and AA resulted in a limited the DHF process and subsequent cross-linking in the polymer chains of PVDF allowed the formation of a porous material. It was observed that the porosity of the thermally treated materials was steadily decreasing with increase in the amount of AA in solvents composition and solvent with an AA:IL mole ratio of 2:1 resulted in a PVDF material with the highest porosity amongst the applied solvents. A recovery method for the IL and AA combined solvent after the thermal treatment of PVDF was also established. Hence, with varying the type of solvents in terms of composition, the highly carbonaceous materials as well as materials with different porosities as well as crystalline phases can be obtained. Most importantly here, we introduced new IL and AA containing recoverable solvents for the synthesis of porous PVDF material with the electroactive β-phase.","PeriodicalId":22103,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89544572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The electrochemical generation of highly reactive and hazardous bromine under controlled conditions as well as the reduction of surplus oxidizers and reagent waste has placed electrochemical synthesis in a highlighted position. In particular, the electrochemical dibromination and bromofunctionalization of alkenes and alkynes have received significant attention, as the forming of synthetically important derivatives can be generated from bench-stable and safe bromide sources under “green” conditions. Readily available and non-corrosive bromide salts have been utilized with a dual role as both a reagent and supporting electrolyte. However, this trend seems to change with the preparation of organobromine species. In this review, the electrochemical dibromination and bromofunctionalization of alkenes and alkynes was addressed in terms of their bromine sources and sustainability.
{"title":"Electrochemical Bromofunctionalization of Alkenes and Alkynes—To Sustainability and Beyond","authors":"Lilla G. Gombos, S. R. Waldvogel","doi":"10.3390/suschem3040027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/suschem3040027","url":null,"abstract":"The electrochemical generation of highly reactive and hazardous bromine under controlled conditions as well as the reduction of surplus oxidizers and reagent waste has placed electrochemical synthesis in a highlighted position. In particular, the electrochemical dibromination and bromofunctionalization of alkenes and alkynes have received significant attention, as the forming of synthetically important derivatives can be generated from bench-stable and safe bromide sources under “green” conditions. Readily available and non-corrosive bromide salts have been utilized with a dual role as both a reagent and supporting electrolyte. However, this trend seems to change with the preparation of organobromine species. In this review, the electrochemical dibromination and bromofunctionalization of alkenes and alkynes was addressed in terms of their bromine sources and sustainability.","PeriodicalId":22103,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86233656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Zuin, Evelyn Araripe, Karine Zanotti, A. Stahl, Caroindes J. C. Gomes
Plant-based protein-production and consumption have been booming recently, requiring novel, greener sources and processes that can make a real contribution to sustainability. Alternatives offered as patties can be found all over the world, promising less environmental and health risks compared to animal-based protein. In this context, a case study on soy-based patties from Brazil is presented, pointing out sustainable aspects of this value chain, from farm to fork, whilst presenting a theoretical discussion on consumer behavior. The implications of extensive land use for soy monoculture and aspects of the soy patty industrial processes, such as use of hexane, lack of information on labels, excess ingredients, and inconclusive data on food additives (such as methylcellulose), as well as integration of these concepts to design new undergraduate Chemistry curricula, are analyzed. Heavy processing in plants to achieve the taste, texture and appearance of meat increases the environmental footprint of vegetarian diets containing these items, disrupting the idea of sustainability that these products come with. Although meat production has a significant environmental impact, plant-based patties demonstrate that less impactful meat substitutes can also have environmental, social and health risks.
{"title":"Alternative Products Selling Sustainability? A Brazilian Case Study on Materials and Processes to Produce Plant-Based Hamburger Patties","authors":"V. Zuin, Evelyn Araripe, Karine Zanotti, A. Stahl, Caroindes J. C. Gomes","doi":"10.3390/suschem3030026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/suschem3030026","url":null,"abstract":"Plant-based protein-production and consumption have been booming recently, requiring novel, greener sources and processes that can make a real contribution to sustainability. Alternatives offered as patties can be found all over the world, promising less environmental and health risks compared to animal-based protein. In this context, a case study on soy-based patties from Brazil is presented, pointing out sustainable aspects of this value chain, from farm to fork, whilst presenting a theoretical discussion on consumer behavior. The implications of extensive land use for soy monoculture and aspects of the soy patty industrial processes, such as use of hexane, lack of information on labels, excess ingredients, and inconclusive data on food additives (such as methylcellulose), as well as integration of these concepts to design new undergraduate Chemistry curricula, are analyzed. Heavy processing in plants to achieve the taste, texture and appearance of meat increases the environmental footprint of vegetarian diets containing these items, disrupting the idea of sustainability that these products come with. Although meat production has a significant environmental impact, plant-based patties demonstrate that less impactful meat substitutes can also have environmental, social and health risks.","PeriodicalId":22103,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89406706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Kuganathan, Kobiny Antony Rex, Poobalasuntharam Iyngaran
Phosphate-based electrolyte materials are of great interest in the field of Li-ion batteries due to their rigid structural integrity. LiGe2(PO4)3 is a NASICON-type phosphate material with high thermal and electrochemical stability. Computational simulation techniques were employed to study the defects, diffusion, and dopant properties of LiGe2(PO4)3. Furthermore, the reaction energies for the formation of LiGe2(PO4)3 and the incorporation energies for the insertion of additional Li into this material were calculated. The calculations revealed that the Li Frenkel is the lowest-energy defect. The second most favorable defect is the Ge-P anti-site defect cluster. A low Li migration energy of 0.44 eV implies high Li ionic conductivity. The most favorable isovalent dopants on the Li and Ge sites are Na and Si, respectively. The formation of Li interstitials and oxygen vacancies can be facilitated through the doping of Ga on the Ge site. The doping of Ga slightly enhances the Li ionic conductivity. Li incorporation (up to four Li) is thermodynamically feasible.
{"title":"Computational Investigation of a NASICON-Type Solid Electrolyte Material LiGe2(PO4)3","authors":"N. Kuganathan, Kobiny Antony Rex, Poobalasuntharam Iyngaran","doi":"10.3390/suschem3030025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/suschem3030025","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphate-based electrolyte materials are of great interest in the field of Li-ion batteries due to their rigid structural integrity. LiGe2(PO4)3 is a NASICON-type phosphate material with high thermal and electrochemical stability. Computational simulation techniques were employed to study the defects, diffusion, and dopant properties of LiGe2(PO4)3. Furthermore, the reaction energies for the formation of LiGe2(PO4)3 and the incorporation energies for the insertion of additional Li into this material were calculated. The calculations revealed that the Li Frenkel is the lowest-energy defect. The second most favorable defect is the Ge-P anti-site defect cluster. A low Li migration energy of 0.44 eV implies high Li ionic conductivity. The most favorable isovalent dopants on the Li and Ge sites are Na and Si, respectively. The formation of Li interstitials and oxygen vacancies can be facilitated through the doping of Ga on the Ge site. The doping of Ga slightly enhances the Li ionic conductivity. Li incorporation (up to four Li) is thermodynamically feasible.","PeriodicalId":22103,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90647509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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