Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy最新文献_第3页

Integrated one-pot microwave-assisted extraction of essential oils and polysaccharides from Psidium guajava leaves using polyethylene glycol as a green Co-Solvent 以聚乙二醇为绿色助溶剂，一锅式微波辅助提取番石榴叶精油和多糖

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.scp.2025.102293

Xinyu Yang , Yanfen Zhao , Hao Tian , Lei Yang

A green and efficient method, microwave irradiation-induced hydrodistillation simultaneous extraction (MHDE), was developed to coextract essential oil and polysaccharides from Psidium guajava leaves. To increase extraction efficiency, 30 % polyethylene glycol 600 (PEG 600) was employed as a hydrotropic additive. The key process parameters, including the liquid–solid ratio, microwave power, and irradiation time, were systematically optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the yields of essential oil and crude polysaccharides reached 31.50 ± 1.35 mL/kg DW and 30.20 ± 1.33 g/kg DW, respectively. GC–MS analysis revealed that the dominant components of the essential oil were caryophyllene, calamenene A, nerolidyl acetate, and humulene epoxide. Compared with conventional hydrodistillation and polysaccharides extraction methods, MHDE significantly shortened the extraction time, lowered energy consumption and carbon emissions, and simultaneously ensured high yields of both essential oil and polysaccharides. These advantages highlight MHDE as a promising, sustainable, and integrated extraction strategy for valuorizing plant biomass. This study provides a new technological approach that conforms to the principles of green chemistry, laying the foundation for the eco-friendly and commercial utilization of guava leaf resources in fields such as food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.

建立了一种绿色高效的微波诱导加氢蒸馏同时萃取法（MHDE）从番石榴叶中提取精油和多糖。为提高萃取效率，采用30%聚乙二醇600 （PEG 600）作为萃取剂。对液固比、微波功率、辐照时间等关键工艺参数进行了系统优化。在此条件下，挥发油得率为31.50±1.35 mL/kg DW，粗多糖得率为30.20±1.33 g/kg DW。气相色谱-质谱分析表明，挥发油的主要成分为石竹烯、鱿鱼烯A、醋酸橙油酰基和环氧化葎草烯。与传统的加氢蒸馏和多糖提取方法相比，MHDE显著缩短了提取时间，降低了能耗和碳排放，同时保证了精油和多糖的高得率。这些优势突出了MHDE作为一种有前途的、可持续的、综合的植物生物量价值提取策略。本研究提供了一种符合绿色化学原理的新技术途径，为番石榴叶资源在食品、医药、化妆品等领域的生态化和商业化利用奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Advances in microbial and enzymatic phosphate precipitation for sustainable biocementation in civil and geoenvironmental engineering applications 微生物和酶促磷酸盐沉淀在土木和地球环境工程中可持续生物胶结应用的研究进展

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.scp.2025.102290

S. Joshi, M. Mavroulidou, M.J. Gunn

In the past 20 years, biocementation processes have emerged as effective techniques used for ground improvement, crack healing and restoration of building materials or heritage stones. To-date most researchers have studied biocements based on calcite precipitation using the urea-hydrolysis metabolic pathway. This pathway produces undesirable ammonia by-products that need to be treated or removed, limiting the large-scale and sustainable applicability of microbially-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) or enzymatically induced carbonate precipitation (EICP). Moreover, carbonate precipitation has poor durability in acidic environments. Different biocementation mechanisms and biocements other than calcite are known but have been very little researched. This comprehensive review focuses on phosphate biomineralisation as a novel, ammonia-free, and potentially more sustainable alternative bio-cementation technique. It discusses microbially and enzymatically induced phosphate precipitation (MIPP and EIPP respectively), with particular focus on ground improvement (soil stabilisation and remediation) and construction material applications. The environmental advantages of phosphate biocement, such as lower pH sensitivity, absence of harmful by-products, and potential compatibility with green chemistry principles and the UN Sustainable Development Goals are critically examined to assess their viability as sustainable materials in civil and geoenvironmental engineering.

在过去的20年里，生物胶结工艺已经成为一种有效的技术，用于地面改善、裂缝愈合和建筑材料或遗产石的修复。迄今为止，大多数研究人员都使用尿素水解代谢途径研究基于方解石沉淀的生物水泥。该途径产生不需要的氨副产物，需要处理或去除，限制了微生物诱导碳酸盐沉淀（MICP）或酶诱导碳酸盐沉淀（EICP）的大规模和可持续适用性。此外，碳酸盐沉淀在酸性环境中耐久性较差。不同的生物胶结机制和方解石以外的生物胶结物是已知的，但研究很少。磷酸盐生物矿化是一种新的、无氨的、潜在的更可持续的替代生物胶结技术。它讨论了微生物和酶诱导的磷酸盐沉淀（MIPP和EIPP分别），特别关注地面改善（土壤稳定和修复）和建筑材料的应用。磷酸盐生物水泥的环境优势，如较低的pH敏感性，没有有害的副产品，以及与绿色化学原则和联合国可持续发展目标的潜在兼容性，被严格审查，以评估其作为土木和地球环境工程中可持续材料的可行性。

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引用次数: 0

Efficient conversion of carbohydrates in biomass into furan-based products over a carbon-nitrogen co-doped boron phosphate solid acid catalyst 碳氮共掺杂磷酸硼固体酸催化剂将生物质中的碳水化合物高效转化为呋喃基产品

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.scp.2025.102291

Wang Zhao , Haonan Xu , Rui Liu , Shufang Wu , Weiqi Wei

The conversion of carbohydrates in biomass into various furan-based products over solid acid catalysts is a feasible strategy for biomass valorization. Herein, a carbon-nitrogen co-doped boron phosphate solid acid catalyst (CBN-BP) containing both Lewis acid-base sites and Brønsted acid sites was synthesized, and used for the conversion of cellulose and various natural biomass into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) or/and furfural. The results showed that carbon-nitrogen (CN) co-doped significantly improved the catalyst specific surface area, from 35.8 m² g⁻¹ to 269.3 m² g⁻¹ with multi-level pore structure, high porosity (0.9 cm² g⁻¹) and numerous acid amount (1.57 mmol/g) and sites. Coupling of ball-milling pretreatment, remarkably enhanced cellulose conversion into HMF with maximum HMF yield of 61.3 % at 170 °C for 40 min. The recycling testing concluded that the prepared catalyst possessed good stability, and even after six recycling, the performance remained well with no significant decline. Furthermore, the catalyst also exhibited broad substrate adaptability, and can directly convert the carbohydrates in various natural biomass into HMF and furfural without any components separation in LiBr·3H₂O/MIBK biphasic system.

通过固体酸催化剂将生物质中的碳水化合物转化为各种呋喃基产品是实现生物质增值的可行策略。本文合成了含有Lewis酸碱位点和Brønsted酸位点的碳氮共掺杂磷酸硼固体酸催化剂（CBN-BP），用于纤维素和各种天然生物质转化为5-羟甲基糠醛（HMF）或/和糠醛。结果表明，碳氮共掺杂显著提高了催化剂的比表面积，从35.8 m2 g−1提高到269.3 m2 g−1，具有多级孔结构，高孔隙率（0.9 cm2 g−1），酸量多（1.57 mmol/g）和位点多。耦合球磨预处理，显著提高纤维素转化为HMF，在170℃下反应40 min， HMF收率达到61.3%。回收试验表明，制备的催化剂具有良好的稳定性，即使经过6次回收，性能仍保持良好，没有明显下降。此外，该催化剂还具有广泛的底物适应性，可以在LiBr·3H2O/MIBK双相体系中直接将各种天然生物质中的碳水化合物转化为HMF和糠醛，无需任何组分分离。

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引用次数: 0

Performance optimization and low-carbon effects of replacing cement clinker with mineral micro-powders in cold, high-altitude regions 高寒地区矿物微粉替代水泥熟料的性能优化及低碳效果

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.scp.2025.102289

Pengfei Song , Xuhao Wang , Jie Zhou , Yuan Tian , Nankai Wang , Rengbing Liu , Dunzhu Danzeng

To reduce carbon emissions from cement production in cold, high-altitude regions while maintaining performance, this study investigates the partial replacement of cement clinker with locally available mineral micro-powders. We systematically evaluated how mineral type and replacement level influence the particle-size distribution, hydration behavior, mechanical properties, and carbon footprint of composite binders. Composite binders with 10–40 % clinker replacement were prepared via secondary grinding, and characterized by particle size analysis, setting time, compressive strength, isothermal calorimetry, TG-DSC, XRD, and SEM. These tests were complemented by GEMS thermodynamic modeling and CO₂ accounting. The results show that different mineral micro-powders exhibit distinct abilities for particle refinement and hydration reactivity. At intermediate replacement levels, tuff and quartzose shale significantly enhance mechanical strength, whereas volcanic ash and limestone primarily improve the microstructure through early-age micro-filler effects or by forming carboaluminate phases. Thermodynamic simulations indicate that tuff at 14–28 % replacement effectively consumes portlandite (CH) and promotes secondary hydration, while limestone powder at dosages above 20 % leads to CH accumulation. Carbon-emission assessment reveals that increasing the replacement level from 10 % to 40 % reduces CO₂ emissions from 741.2 kg to 513.0 kg per ton of cement, achieving up to a 38 % reduction compared with conventional ordinary Portland cement (P.O 42.5). Overall, a 20–40 % clinker replacement can deliver substantial emission reductions without sacrificing mechanical performance; among the tested formulations, 20 % tuff and 10 % quartzose shale shows the most promising engineering potential. This work provides a theoretical basis and a practical pathway for developing low-carbon cements tailored to cold, high-altitude environments.

为了减少寒冷、高海拔地区水泥生产的碳排放，同时保持性能，本研究探讨了用当地可获得的矿物微粉部分替代水泥熟料。我们系统地评估了矿物类型和替代水平如何影响复合粘合剂的粒度分布、水化行为、机械性能和碳足迹。采用二次研磨法制备了熟料替代率为10 ~ 40%的复合粘结剂，并通过粒度分析、凝结时间、抗压强度、等温量热、TG-DSC、XRD和SEM对其进行了表征。这些测试由GEMS热力学模型和二氧化碳核算加以补充。结果表明，不同矿物微粉具有不同的颗粒细化能力和水化反应性。在中等替代水平上，凝灰岩和石英页岩显著提高了机械强度，而火山灰和石灰岩主要通过早期微填充效应或形成碳铝酸盐相来改善微观结构。热力学模拟表明，凝灰岩在14 ~ 28%的替代量下能有效消耗波特兰铁矿，促进二次水化，而石灰岩粉在20%以上的替代量会导致CH的积累。碳排放评估显示，将替代水平从10%提高到40%，每吨水泥的二氧化碳排放量从741.2公斤减少到513.0公斤，与传统普通波特兰水泥（P.O 42.5）相比，减少了38%。总体而言，替代20 - 40%的熟料可以在不牺牲机械性能的情况下实现大幅减排；在试验配方中，20%的凝灰岩和10%的石英页岩显示出最有前景的工程潜力。该研究为开发适合寒冷、高海拔环境的低碳水泥提供了理论基础和实践途径。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic interplay of sonoelectrochemistry and acidity-regulated mechanisms for the selective extraction of critical metals in copper-cadmium sludge 声电化学和酸调节机制的协同作用对铜镉污泥中关键金属的选择性提取

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.scp.2025.102292

Hongliang Liu , Likang Fu , Pengcheng Zhang , Shixing Wang , Libo Zhang

The high selectivity and efficiency of recovering valuable metals from copper-cadmium sludge have always been a contradiction and challenge. An ultrasonic synergistic acidity-controlled selective leaching strategy is constructed for producing high-grade copper residue in this work. The leaching percentages of zinc and cadmium reach 98.9 % and 99 % under optimal conditions. This approach increased the copper grade in the residue by 9.5 % (from 15.2 wt% to 24.7 wt%) compared to conventional leaching. The ultrasonic dissociation aggregate is a key factor for efficient and selective recovery of zinc and cadmium under a certain acidic condition. The open circuit potential differences between Zn–Cu and Cd–Cu are 0.968 V and 0.718 V, which proves the thermodynamic feasibility of selective leaching. The corrosion currents of zinc, cadmium and copper increase by 28.00 mA, 0.90 mA and 0.114 mA according Tafel polarization. Moreover, the low copper ion concentration mitigates the need for additional zinc powder during leachate purification, preventing the reduction in the purity of sponge cadmium. This study elucidates the mechanism of ultrasonic-enhanced selective leaching from an electrochemical perspective and provides new insights for the recovery of critical metals from metallurgical residues and the production of high-value direct-sale products.

从铜镉污泥中高效、选择性地回收有价金属一直是一个矛盾和挑战。构建了超声协同控酸选择性浸出生产高品位铜渣的工艺流程。在最佳条件下，锌和镉的浸出率分别达到98.9%和99%。与传统浸出方法相比，该方法将残渣中的铜品位提高了9.5%（从15.2 wt%提高到24.7 wt%）。超声解离团聚体是在一定酸性条件下高效、选择性回收锌镉的关键因素。Zn-Cu和Cd-Cu的开路电位差分别为0.968 V和0.718 V，证明了选择性浸出的热力学可行性。根据Tafel极化，锌、镉和铜的腐蚀电流分别增加了28.00 mA、0.90 mA和0.114 mA。此外，低铜离子浓度减轻了在渗滤液净化过程中对额外锌粉的需求，防止了海绵镉纯度的降低。本研究从电化学角度阐明了超声强化选择性浸出的机理，为冶金渣中关键金属的回收和高价值直销产品的生产提供了新的思路。

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引用次数: 0

Ultrasound-assisted rapid synthesis of green Na-cyclodextrin MOFs modified with malic acid and polyethylene glycol, and investigation of their adsorption mechanism 苹果酸和聚乙二醇改性绿色na -环糊精mof的超声辅助快速合成及其吸附机理研究

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.scp.2025.102287

Ziqing Weng , Bin Sun , Ke Mei , Chunlin Gou , Jianpeng Liu , Xiaoshuang Dai , Xinyu Liu , Junda Liu , Neng Qiu

This study developed a green ultrasonic-assisted method to synthesize sodium-incorporated β-CD-MOF (U–Na-β-CD-MOF) with enhanced crystallinity and stability. The U–Na-β-CD-MOF was further crosslinked with malic acid (MA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to obtain PEG-MA-β-CD-MOF, combining β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD), sodium, MA, and PEG to improve adsorption, water stability, and sedimentation. The physical and chemical properties were validated using comprehensive characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and BET surface area. Ultrasound synthesis and MA/PEG modification significantly improved water stability and provided excellent swelling and sedimentation behavior. PEG-MA-β-CD-MOF showed high adsorption capacities for Congo Red (CR, 610 mg/g) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH, 471 mg/g), following the Freundlich model, indicating multilayer adsorption. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies revealed that chemisorption dominated and the process was spontaneous. After five regeneration cycles, removal efficiencies for CR and TCH remained at 84 % and 81 %, respectively, and the material demonstrated outstanding performance in a simulated wastewater system. Adsorption mechanism analyses, including zeta potential, FT-IR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and molecular docking, indicated contributions from β-CD cavity encapsulation, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, and physical adsorption. This work demonstrates a sustainable approach to functionalized CD-MOFs with potential for wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.

本研究建立了一种绿色超声辅助合成钠掺杂β-CD-MOF （U-Na -β-CD-MOF）的方法，其结晶度和稳定性都得到了提高。将U-Na -β-CD-MOF进一步与苹果酸（MA）和聚乙二醇（PEG）交联得到PEG-MA-β-CD-MOF，将β-环糊精（β-CD）、钠、MA和PEG结合，提高吸附、水稳定性和沉降性能。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅里叶变换红外（FT-IR）、x射线衍射分析（XRD）、热重分析（TGA）和BET表面积等综合表征技术验证了材料的理化性质。超声合成和MA/PEG改性显著提高了水稳定性，并提供了良好的膨胀和沉降行为。PEG-MA-β-CD-MOF对刚果红（CR, 610 mg/g）和盐酸四环素（TCH, 471 mg/g）具有较高的吸附量，符合Freundlich模型，表明其为多层吸附。动力学和热力学研究表明，该过程以化学吸附为主，为自发反应。经过五个再生循环后，CR和TCH的去除率分别保持在84%和81%，并且该材料在模拟废水系统中表现出出色的性能。吸附机理分析，包括zeta电位、FT-IR、x射线光电子能谱（XPS）和分子对接等，表明β-CD的腔封装、氢键、静电吸引和物理吸附等作用。这项工作证明了功能化cd - mof具有废水处理和环境修复潜力的可持续方法。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainable design of high strength ECC using steel slag as fine aggregate: Toward waste valorization and environmental benefits 以钢渣为细骨料的高强度ECC可持续设计：走向废物增值和环境效益

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.scp.2025.102288

Chenyu Lu , Qiang Shen , Zhigang Zhang

The high cost and carbon emissions of Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) limit their broad application. This study explores using steel slag particles (SSP) as a sustainable substitute for silica sand in developing green, high-strength ECC. The mechanical properties and micromechanical mechanisms were evaluated at different SSP substitution ratios. Results show that SSP enhanced matrix density and reduced porosity. Macroscopically, SSP improved tensile strain-hardening behavior; the mixture with 50 % SSP achieved optimal performance, exhibiting compressive strength of 84.47 MPa, tensile strength of 8.58 MPa, and tensile strain capacity of 8.18 %. Microscopic analysis indicated that SSP strengthened the fiber/matrix interface, increasing the PSH_energy index, which explains the improved ductility. Additionally, SSP replacement reduced material cost by approximately 35 % and carbon emissions by approximately 42 %, while maintaining mechanical performance. This work supports sustainable ECC development and promotes large-scale utilization of industrial solid waste in construction.

工程胶凝复合材料的高成本和高碳排放限制了其广泛应用。本研究探索使用钢渣颗粒（SSP）作为可持续的硅砂替代品，开发绿色，高强度ECC。考察了不同SSP取代率下材料的力学性能和微观力学机制。结果表明，SSP提高了基体密度，降低了孔隙度。宏观上，SSP改善了拉伸应变硬化行为；添加50% SSP的混合料抗压强度为84.47 MPa，抗拉强度为8.58 MPa，抗拉应变能力为8.18%。微观分析表明，SSP增强了纤维/基体界面，提高了psh能指数，这解释了延展性的提高。此外，更换SSP后，在保持机械性能的同时，材料成本降低了约35%，碳排放量减少了约42%。这项工作支持ECC的可持续发展，促进工业固体废物在建筑中的大规模利用。

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引用次数: 0

Vortex-assisted simultaneous switchable hydrophilicity deep eutectic solvent-based microextraction of E102 and E132 in foodstuffs and pharmaceuticals1 涡旋辅助同时切换亲水性深共晶溶剂微萃取食品和药品中的E102和E132 [j]

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.scp.2025.102286

Oğuzhan Kodalak , Abdullah Taner Bişgin

A vortex-assisted, simultaneous, switchable-hydrophilicity deep eutectic solvent-based microextraction approach was established for the first time using the Box-Behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM) for the determination of Tartrazine (E102) and Indigo Carmine (E132) in foodstuffs and pharmaceuticals. The overlap between the spectra of the target dyes was eliminated using the newly generated absorbance correction equation. Extraction parameters of the method were optimized using BBD of RSM. The simultaneous microextraction method was fitted to a quadratic chemometric design, yielding correlation coefficients of 0.9971 and 0.9972 for E102 and E132, respectively. The limits of detection (LOD), limits of quantitation (LOQ), and relative standard deviations (RSDs) were determined as 59 μg/L, 196 μg/L, and 5.1 % for E102, and 47 μg/L, 160 μg/L, and 4.4 % for E132. The preconcentration factor of the method was found to be 100. The method exhibited linear calibration curves in the concentration ranges of 0.2–12 μg/mL for E102 and 0.2–10 μg/mL for E132. The method was applied to foodstuffs and pharmaceuticals for the determination of E102 and E132 contents. E102 concentrations in the solid samples were determined between 12.31 and 166.93 μg/g, while E132 contents ranged from 10.95 to 150.76 μg/g. The method was validated by applying analyte addition-recovery tests to the real samples. Recoveries for the test results ranged from 93 to 100 % for E102 and from 93 to 99 % for E132. The sustainability of the method was evaluated using the AGREE and BAGI assessment tools.

采用响应面法（RSM）的Box-Behnken设计（BBD），首次建立了旋涡辅助、同步、可切换亲水的深共晶溶剂微萃取方法，用于食品和药品中酒黄（E102）和靛蓝胭脂（E132）的测定。利用新生成的吸光度校正方程消除了目标染料光谱之间的重叠。采用RSM的BBD法对提取工艺参数进行了优化。同时微提取方法符合二次化学设计，E102和E132的相关系数分别为0.9971和0.9972。E102的检出限（LOD）、定量限（LOQ）和相对标准偏差（rsd）分别为59、196 μg/L和5.1%；E132的检出限（LOD）、定量限（LOQ）和相对标准偏差（rsd）分别为47、160 μg/L和4.4%。该方法的富集系数为100。该方法在E102的浓度范围为0.2 ~ 12 μg/mL， E132的浓度范围为0.2 ~ 10 μg/mL具有良好的线性校准曲线。该方法适用于食品和药品中E102和E132的含量测定。固体样品中E102含量在12.31 ~ 166.93 μg之间，E132含量在10.95 ~ 150.76 μg之间。通过对实际样品进行分析物添加—回收率试验，验证了该方法的有效性。E102的回收率为93% ~ 100%，E132的回收率为93% ~ 99%。采用AGREE和BAGI评估工具对该方法的可持续性进行了评估。

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引用次数: 0

Green extraction of bioactive compounds from Nectandra megapotamica leaves: quantification of (−)-epicatechin and sustainability assessment 绿色提取巨角荆芥叶中生物活性化合物：(−)-表儿茶素的定量和可持续性评估

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.scp.2025.102283

Kátia Andressa Santos, Edson Antônio da Silva

This study investigated the extraction of bioactive compounds from Nectandra megapotamica leaves, a species with recognized ethnobotanical value but an underexplored chemical profile. The performance of Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) was comprehensively evaluated and compared to the conventional Soxhlet method, with the objective of establishing sustainable and efficient techniques. The PLE method was assessed by varying ethanol flow rate and temperature, while UAE was conducted following a Box-Behnken 3³ design, varying temperature, solvent-to-leaf ratio, and ultrasonic intensity. The sustainability of these methods was assessed using the Path2Green metric. Results demonstrated that PLE achieved a yield of 12.9 wt% in 20 min, using 2.7 times less solvent than Soxhlet, with the highest yield (22.6 wt%) achieved using 70 % ethanol at 80 °C and 10 MPa. The leaf essential oil was predominantly composed of sesquiterpenes and phenylpropanoids. The PLE extract showed the highest concentration of the target compound, (−)-epicatechin (3.35 mg g⁻¹), together with high total phenolics (302 mg GAE g⁻¹) and flavonoids (414 mg RE g⁻¹), and strong antioxidant capacity (717 and 1960 μmol TE g⁻¹ by DPPH and ABTS, respectively). A fundamental finding was the superior antidiabetic activity of the PLE and UAE extracts, which demonstrated α-glucosidase inhibition of up to 96 %, compared to only 54 % for the Soxhlet extract. These results establish PLE and UAE as efficient and sustainable techniques for obtaining high-value bioactive extracts from N. megapotamica, highlighting the potential of this species as a source of compounds with significant functional properties.

摘要本研究研究了巨角荆芥（Nectandra megapotamica）叶中生物活性物质的提取。巨角荆芥具有公认的民族植物学价值，但其化学成分尚未得到充分开发。对加压液体萃取（PLE）和超声辅助萃取（UAE）的性能进行了综合评价，并与传统索氏法进行了比较，目的是建立可持续、高效的方法。PLE法通过改变乙醇流速和温度进行评估，而UAE法采用Box-Behnken 33设计，改变温度、溶剂与叶片比和超声波强度。使用Path2Green指标对这些方法的可持续性进行了评估。结果表明，PLE在20 min内的产率为12.9 wt%，比索氏溶剂用量少2.7倍，在80℃、10 MPa条件下，70%乙醇的产率最高（22.6% wt%）。叶精油主要由倍半萜和苯丙素组成。PLE提取物的目标化合物(−)-表儿茶素（3.35 mg g−1）含量最高，总酚（302 mg GAE g−1）和总黄酮（414 mg RE g−1）含量较高，DPPH和ABTS的抗氧化能力分别为717 μmol TE g−1和1960 μmol TE g−1。一个基本的发现是，PLE和UAE提取物具有优越的抗糖尿病活性，其α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率高达96%，而Soxhlet提取物仅为54%。这些结果表明，PLE和UAE技术是获得高价值生物活性提取物的有效和可持续的技术，突出了该物种作为具有重要功能特性的化合物来源的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating the environmental sustainability of a stability- indicating HPLC method for the simultaneous quantification of Ramipril and Amlodipine Besylate in pharmaceutical formulations and its application to content uniformity testing 稳定性指示高效液相色谱法同时定量雷米普利和苯磺酸氨氯地平的环境可持续性评价及其在含量均匀性检验中的应用

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.scp.2025.102285

Mohamed A. Momtaz , Hanaa S. El-Desoky , Ahmed Rehab , Fathalla Belal

A fast, precise, and stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method was established to measure Ramipril and Amlodipine Besylate in their binary mixture. The proposed approach offers a sustainable option for analyzing pharmaceutical combinations of the two drugs, utilizing a green eluent, reduced analysis time, and minimal waste production. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a Kromasil-100C8 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) with an eluent consisting of ethanol and sodium perchlorate buffer of pH 2 in 53:47 (v/v) ratio, at a flow rate of 1 mL/min with ultraviolet detection at 210 nm. The method demonstrated linearity range of 5.0–350.0 μg/mL for both drugs. It was thoroughly validated according to International Council for Harmonization, Guideline Q2 (Revision 1) and statistically compared to reported methods. The environmental sustainability of the proposed method was evaluated and contrasted with traditional techniques using different green chemistry metrics: Analytical Eco-Scale, Complex Methodology Green Analytical Procedure Index evaluation, Analytical GREEnness Metric assessment, National Environmental Methods Index, Analytical Green Star Area, Click Analytical Chemistry Index and The Carbon Footprint Reduction Index, in addition to Blue Applicability Grade Index. This method proved more environmentally sustainable, featuring reduced use of hazardous chemicals and solvents, lower energy consumption, and decreased waste generation.

建立了一种快速、精确、稳定性好的反相高效液相色谱法测定雷米普利和苯磺酸氨氯地平二元混合物的含量。所提出的方法为分析两种药物的药物组合提供了一个可持续的选择，利用绿色洗脱液，减少了分析时间，并减少了废物的产生。色谱柱为Kromasil-100C8 (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm)，洗脱液为乙醇和高氯酸钠缓冲液，pH为53:47 (v/v)，流速为1 mL/min，紫外检测波长为210 nm。方法在5.0 ~ 350.0 μg/mL范围内呈线性关系。根据国际协调理事会指南Q2（修订版1）进行了彻底验证，并与报告的方法进行了统计比较。采用不同的绿色化学指标对该方法的环境可持续性进行了评价，并与传统方法进行了对比：分析生态尺度、复杂方法绿色分析程序指数评价、分析绿色度指标评价、国家环境方法指数、分析绿星面积、Click分析化学指数和碳足迹减少指数，以及蓝色适用性等级指数。事实证明，这种方法更具环境可持续性，减少了危险化学品和溶剂的使用，降低了能源消耗，减少了废物的产生。

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