Pub Date : 2025-11-10DOI: 10.1016/j.scp.2025.102258
Paul Arnaud Yao Koffi , Bright Uwase , Danping Zhang , Yu-Cai He
Given the growing demand for biobased chemicals in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and cosmetic industries, the development of greener catalytic systems for biomass decomposition and valorization has become a key focus in recent years. This study presents a novel DTAB:LA DES/GVL catalytic system for the co-production of furfural, xylooligosaccharides (XOSs), and enzymatic sugars from biomass. Under optimized conditions (170 °C, 25 min), the DES/GVL (5:5) medium containing 100 mM AlCl3 catalyzed the conversion of rice husk into furfural and XOSs. The resulting residue was subsequently subjected to enzymatic saccharification, yielding reducing sugars and enabling the co-production of furfural, XOSs, and reducing sugars via efficient catalysis. This research provides a green, stable, and sustainable system that promotes the conversion of rice husk into value-added chemicals, offering new insights for developing economical and environmentally friendly biomass refineries. Overall, this approach could be effectively applied to biomass pretreatment, supporting the advancement of the biomass refining industry.
鉴于制药、化工和化妆品行业对生物基化学品的需求不断增长，近年来，开发更环保的生物质分解和增值催化系统已成为一个重点。本研究提出了一种新的DTAB:LA DES/GVL催化体系，用于生物质协同生产糠醛、低聚木糖（xos）和酶糖。在优化条件下（170℃，25 min），含有100 mM AlCl3的DES/GVL（5:5）培养基催化稻壳转化为糠醛和xos。产生的残渣随后进行酶糖化，产生还原糖，并通过有效的催化作用使糠醛、xos和还原糖协同生产成为可能。本研究为稻壳转化为高附加值化学品提供了一个绿色、稳定、可持续的体系，为开发经济环保的生物质精炼厂提供了新的思路。综上所述，该方法可以有效地应用于生物质预处理，支持生物质精炼工业的发展。
{"title":"Co-production of furfural, reducing sugars and xylooligosaccharides from biomass through the pretreatment with mixture of deep eutectic solvent Dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide:Lactic acid and γ-valerolactone","authors":"Paul Arnaud Yao Koffi , Bright Uwase , Danping Zhang , Yu-Cai He","doi":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the growing demand for biobased chemicals in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and cosmetic industries, the development of greener catalytic systems for biomass decomposition and valorization has become a key focus in recent years. This study presents a novel DTAB:LA DES/GVL catalytic system for the co-production of furfural, xylooligosaccharides (XOSs), and enzymatic sugars from biomass. Under optimized conditions (170 °C, 25 min), the DES/GVL (5:5) medium containing 100 mM AlCl<sub>3</sub> catalyzed the conversion of rice husk into furfural and XOSs. The resulting residue was subsequently subjected to enzymatic saccharification, yielding reducing sugars and enabling the co-production of furfural, XOSs, and reducing sugars via efficient catalysis. This research provides a green, stable, and sustainable system that promotes the conversion of rice husk into value-added chemicals, offering new insights for developing economical and environmentally friendly biomass refineries. Overall, this approach could be effectively applied to biomass pretreatment, supporting the advancement of the biomass refining industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22138,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 102258"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.scp.2025.102255
Kun Hou , Ping Chen , Wenhua Chen , Yuenan Li , Yijian Yang , Chun Zhang
Red mud (RM), a by-product of alumina production, is generated in large quantities and poses serious environmental challenges due to its alkalinity and heavy metal content. To promote RM valorization and reduce the carbon footprint of cement production, this study elucidated the activation mechanism of red mud and developed a limestone-activated red mud cementitious composite (LARC) that balances mechanical performance, durability, and CO2 reduction. RM was thermally activated at various temperatures and chemically modified using diethanol isopropanolamine (DEIPA) as a grinding aid. The effects of calcination temperature, DEIPA dosage, and clinker replacement ratio on hydration kinetics, microstructure, mechanical strength, and embodied carbon were systematically investigated. Calcination at 700 °C combined with 0.1 wt% DEIPA effectively converted inert aluminosilicates into reactive amorphous phases, advanced hydration by about 2h, and promoted co-formation of C-A-S-H, AFt, and AFm phases. A 50 % clinker replacement achieved 47.9 MPa compressive strength at 28d and reduced CO2 emissions by 36 % relative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The optimized LARC exhibited comparable performance and lower carbon intensity than LC3, demonstrating its feasibility as a sustainable binder for large-scale RM utilization. The findings provide mechanistic insight and practical guidance for developing low-carbon cementitious materials using industrial solid wastes.
红泥（RM）是氧化铝生产过程中产生的大量副产品，由于其碱度和重金属含量，对环境造成了严重的挑战。为了促进RM的活化和减少水泥生产的碳足迹，本研究阐明了赤泥的活化机制，并开发了一种平衡力学性能、耐久性和二氧化碳减排的石灰石活化赤泥胶凝复合材料（LARC）。RM在不同温度下被热活化，并使用二乙醇异丙醇胺（DEIPA）作为助磨剂进行化学改性。系统研究了煅烧温度、DEIPA用量、熟料替代率对水化动力学、微观结构、机械强度和含碳量的影响。在700℃下煅烧，加入0.1 wt%的DEIPA，有效地将惰性硅酸盐铝转化为反应性非晶相，提前水化约2h，促进了C- a - s - h、AFt和AFm相的共形成。与普通硅酸盐水泥（OPC）相比，替代50%熟料的水泥在28d时的抗压强度达到47.9 MPa，二氧化碳排放量减少36%。优化后的LARC表现出与LC3相当的性能和更低的碳强度，证明了其作为大规模利用RM的可持续粘合剂的可行性。研究结果为利用工业固体废弃物开发低碳胶凝材料提供了机理认识和实践指导。
{"title":"Activated red mud-based low-carbon cementitious composite: Hydration mechanism, mechanical properties, and carbon emissions","authors":"Kun Hou , Ping Chen , Wenhua Chen , Yuenan Li , Yijian Yang , Chun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Red mud (RM), a by-product of alumina production, is generated in large quantities and poses serious environmental challenges due to its alkalinity and heavy metal content. To promote RM valorization and reduce the carbon footprint of cement production, this study elucidated the activation mechanism of red mud and developed a limestone-activated red mud cementitious composite (LARC) that balances mechanical performance, durability, and CO<sub>2</sub> reduction. RM was thermally activated at various temperatures and chemically modified using diethanol isopropanolamine (DEIPA) as a grinding aid. The effects of calcination temperature, DEIPA dosage, and clinker replacement ratio on hydration kinetics, microstructure, mechanical strength, and embodied carbon were systematically investigated. Calcination at 700 °C combined with 0.1 wt% DEIPA effectively converted inert aluminosilicates into reactive amorphous phases, advanced hydration by about 2h, and promoted co-formation of C-A-S-H, AFt, and AFm phases. A 50 % clinker replacement achieved 47.9 MPa compressive strength at 28d and reduced CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by 36 % relative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The optimized LARC exhibited comparable performance and lower carbon intensity than LC<sup>3</sup>, demonstrating its feasibility as a sustainable binder for large-scale RM utilization. The findings provide mechanistic insight and practical guidance for developing low-carbon cementitious materials using industrial solid wastes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22138,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 102255"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.scp.2025.102260
Francesco Papatola , Filippo Fabbri , Virender Kumar , Chiara Siracusa , Felice Quartinello , Doris Ribitsch , Cristiano Varrone , Georg M. Guebitz , Alessandro Pellis
The potential of three thermophilic enzymes from the α,β-hydrolases superfamily, that have recently been described for polyester hydrolysis, was investigated for polyester synthesis, esterification and transesterification reactions. The hydrolases (LCC, leaf-branch compost cutinase; its variant LCCICCG, Thb from Thermoanaerobacterales bacterium) were recombinantly expressed, purified and immobilized onto polypropylene beads. A design of experiments (DoE) assisted study was performed to investigate their synthetic potential to produce short flavor esters by analyzing their thermostability and selectivity towards alcohols and acids with different chain lengths. The factors considered in the DoE (i.e., temperature, alcohol chain length, acid chain length and reaction time) were optimized using MODDE® software to generate a predictive model defining the optimal synthetic conditions for the three enzymes. In each experiment, the monitored response was the acid conversion rate, quantified with GC-FID analysis. For synthesis, the temperature optima of LCC, LCCICCG and Thb were 60 °C, 55 °C, and 80 °C, respectively, corresponding to the maximum percentage of monomers conversion for long-chain alcohols and acids as substrates. Polymerization of dimethyl adipate and 1,8-octanediol as building blocks was carried out to confirm the applicability of the obtained model for the synthesis of larger macromolecules via polycondensation reactions. The proposed approach highlights the innovative application of these novel thermophilic enzymes, traditionally associated with hydrolytic functions, as effective biocatalysts in synthetic processes, enabling the production of a well-known class of polyesters through an alternative and sustainable enzymatic route. Conversion of monomers, as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, was ∼90 % for all enzymes while the average molecular weights (Mn) of the polyesters, analyzed by gel permeation chromatography, were between 3600 Da, for LCC and its variant LCCICCG, and 3800 Da for Thb.
{"title":"The quest for the new CaLB: Potential of three thermostable polyester hydrolases for esterification reactions","authors":"Francesco Papatola , Filippo Fabbri , Virender Kumar , Chiara Siracusa , Felice Quartinello , Doris Ribitsch , Cristiano Varrone , Georg M. Guebitz , Alessandro Pellis","doi":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The potential of three thermophilic enzymes from the α,β-hydrolases superfamily, that have recently been described for polyester hydrolysis, was investigated for polyester synthesis, esterification and transesterification reactions. The hydrolases (LCC, leaf-branch compost cutinase; its variant LCC<sup>ICCG</sup>, Thb from <em>Thermoanaerobacterales</em> bacterium) were recombinantly expressed, purified and immobilized onto polypropylene beads. A design of experiments (DoE) assisted study was performed to investigate their synthetic potential to produce short flavor esters by analyzing their thermostability and selectivity towards alcohols and acids with different chain lengths. The factors considered in the DoE (i.e., temperature, alcohol chain length, acid chain length and reaction time) were optimized using MODDE® software to generate a predictive model defining the optimal synthetic conditions for the three enzymes. In each experiment, the monitored response was the acid conversion rate, quantified with GC-FID analysis. For synthesis, the temperature optima of LCC, LCC<sup>ICCG</sup> and Thb were 60 °C, 55 °C, and 80 °C, respectively, corresponding to the maximum percentage of monomers conversion for long-chain alcohols and acids as substrates. Polymerization of dimethyl adipate and 1,8-octanediol as building blocks was carried out to confirm the applicability of the obtained model for the synthesis of larger macromolecules via polycondensation reactions. The proposed approach highlights the innovative application of these novel thermophilic enzymes, traditionally associated with hydrolytic functions, as effective biocatalysts in synthetic processes, enabling the production of a well-known class of polyesters through an alternative and sustainable enzymatic route. Conversion of monomers, as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, was ∼90 % for all enzymes while the average molecular weights (M<sub>n</sub>) of the polyesters, analyzed by gel permeation chromatography, were between 3600 Da, for LCC and its variant LCC<sup>ICCG</sup>, and 3800 Da for Thb.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22138,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 102260"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, sugar alcohol-based Type V deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were prepared and characterized for potential applications in anti-icing and cryopreservation. Physicochemical analysis revealed that sugar alcohol-amino acid DESs were marginally more basic than sugar alcohol-sugar DESs. All of the neat DESs reported low water activities, suggesting the possibility of strong water interactions. Thermophysical characterization using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the glass transition temperature increased with the molecular weight of the sugar alcohol component. High glass transition temperatures across dilutions highlighted their suitability for cryopreservation by vitrification. Melting points of the DESs increased with dilution but remained lower than ideal mixtures. Low melting temperatures combined with their significantly lower enthalpies of fusion compared to pure water underscored the attractiveness of these diluted DESs for anti-icing and conventional cryopreservation. Low-temperature Raman spectroscopy revealed differences in ice suppression for sugar and amino acid-containing DESs at different dilutions, with sugar-sugar alcohol DESs performing better at low dilutions and amino acid-sugar alcohol DESs performing better at high dilutions. Analyzing the ice crystal morphologies found that the diluted DESs exhibited reduced ice crystal size compared to pure water, indicating their ice-controlling ability. A preliminary sustainability assessment of these Type V DESs supported their alignment with green chemistry principles, highlighting Type V DESs as effective and sustainable ice-controlling agents for both anti-icing and cryopreservation.
{"title":"Low-temperature characterization of sugar alcohol-based type V deep eutectic solvents for anti-icing and cryopreservation applications","authors":"Akshat S. Mallya , Priyanka Yadav , Stephanie Zakhia, Allison Hubel","doi":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, sugar alcohol-based Type V deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were prepared and characterized for potential applications in anti-icing and cryopreservation. Physicochemical analysis revealed that sugar alcohol-amino acid DESs were marginally more basic than sugar alcohol-sugar DESs. All of the neat DESs reported low water activities, suggesting the possibility of strong water interactions. Thermophysical characterization using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the glass transition temperature increased with the molecular weight of the sugar alcohol component. High glass transition temperatures across dilutions highlighted their suitability for cryopreservation by vitrification. Melting points of the DESs increased with dilution but remained lower than ideal mixtures. Low melting temperatures combined with their significantly lower enthalpies of fusion compared to pure water underscored the attractiveness of these diluted DESs for anti-icing and conventional cryopreservation. Low-temperature Raman spectroscopy revealed differences in ice suppression for sugar and amino acid-containing DESs at different dilutions, with sugar-sugar alcohol DESs performing better at low dilutions and amino acid-sugar alcohol DESs performing better at high dilutions. Analyzing the ice crystal morphologies found that the diluted DESs exhibited reduced ice crystal size compared to pure water, indicating their ice-controlling ability. A preliminary sustainability assessment of these Type V DESs supported their alignment with green chemistry principles, highlighting Type V DESs as effective and sustainable ice-controlling agents for both anti-icing and cryopreservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22138,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 102256"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-03DOI: 10.1016/j.scp.2025.102249
Yanqi Shi, Jiahui Ma, Zhenjiang Li, Xin Yuan, Xin Zou, Na Shi, Ziqi Liu, Min Zhang, Hui Zhao, Kai Guo
Bridging the gap of the exact molecular design of homogenous catalyst and the recyclability of heterogenous catalyst is a challenge, especially for the formal cycloaddition of carbon dioxide (CO2) to epoxide (CCE) reactions. Precatalyst cellulose acetoacetate (CAAH) was prepared by anchoring acetoacetate (AAH) group on 6-hydroxyl of cellulose backbone, abstraction of the active proton of AAH by super strong base afforded the cellulose acetoacetate carbanion ion pair organocatalyst [Base-H][CAA]. A typical cellulose catalyst bearing 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-enium (TBDH), [TBDH][CAA], was evaluated in CCE reactions by catalyst loading of 0.5 mol% at 120 °C and 1.0 MPa (CO2); a high yield (96 %) and quantitative selectivity (99 %) for the 5-membered cyclic carbonate product were achieved after 24 h, with a turnover number (TON) of 300. Bifunctional catalytic mechanism was proposed where the acetoacetate carbanion attacked CO2 and TBDH activated epoxide and validated by 13C NMR measurements and 1H NMR titrations. The cellulose catalyst worked homogeneously in the CCE reaction mixtures at 120 °C and it spontaneously aggregated when the temperature was lowered to T = 25 °C. The precipitated [TBDH][CAA] catalyst was filtrated and recycled 5 times with robust recovery (99 % conversion, 97 % selectivity). This work showcased a general strategy for the development of lignocellulose based organocatalyst featuring homogeneous catalysis and heterogeneous recycle for wider scope transformations.
{"title":"Cellulose acetoacetate carbanion ion pair organocatalyst in homogenous catalysis of CO2 fixation and heterogenous recycle","authors":"Yanqi Shi, Jiahui Ma, Zhenjiang Li, Xin Yuan, Xin Zou, Na Shi, Ziqi Liu, Min Zhang, Hui Zhao, Kai Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bridging the gap of the exact molecular design of homogenous catalyst and the recyclability of heterogenous catalyst is a challenge, especially for the formal cycloaddition of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) to epoxide (CCE) reactions. Precatalyst cellulose acetoacetate (CAAH) was prepared by anchoring acetoacetate (AAH) group on 6-hydroxyl of cellulose backbone, abstraction of the active proton of AAH by super strong base afforded the cellulose acetoacetate carbanion ion pair organocatalyst [Base-H][CAA]. A typical cellulose catalyst bearing 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-enium (TBDH), [TBDH][CAA], was evaluated in CCE reactions by catalyst loading of 0.5 mol% at 120 °C and 1.0 MPa (CO<sub>2</sub>); a high yield (96 %) and quantitative selectivity (99 %) for the 5-membered cyclic carbonate product were achieved after 24 h, with a turnover number (TON) of 300. Bifunctional catalytic mechanism was proposed where the acetoacetate carbanion attacked CO<sub>2</sub> and TBDH activated epoxide and validated by <sup>13</sup>C NMR measurements and <sup>1</sup>H NMR titrations. The cellulose catalyst worked homogeneously in the CCE reaction mixtures at 120 °C and it spontaneously aggregated when the temperature was lowered to T = 25 °C. The precipitated [TBDH][CAA] catalyst was filtrated and recycled 5 times with robust recovery (99 % conversion, 97 % selectivity). This work showcased a general strategy for the development of lignocellulose based organocatalyst featuring homogeneous catalysis and heterogeneous recycle for wider scope transformations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22138,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 102249"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.scp.2025.102252
Olivia A. Attallah , Vasilisa Palkova , Ria Vij , Michael R. O'Krepky , Melika Niakosari , Peter Boldyrev , Rhianna Candido
Efficient and simple steps chemical recycling technologies are surfacing as promising and sustainable pathways toward realizing circular economies for postconsumer plastic waste. Herein, a single step alkaline hydrolytic depolymerization and product purification of postconsumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics was performed under conventional heating. Activated carbon (AC) was incorporated during the reaction itself to produce a high-quality monomer with significantly reduced number of purification steps. Within 40 min, the proposed one step depolymerization-purification technology was able to facilitate ≈99 % conversion of PET to TPA monomer with improved yield (reaching 93 %), colour properties (92 % optical transmittance) and acid value (670–672 mgKOH/gTPA). Activated carbon played a crucial role in maintaining the quality of the produced TPA during the course of the reaction while the reaction time and volume of EG had the upper hand in determining the percentage of PET conversion and yield of TPA. First order reaction kinetics were able to describe the proposed PET depolymerization process with average activation energy of 28.5 kJ/mol. The reagents utilized in the depolymerization and purification purposes were also regenerated and their performance in another cycle of depolymerization indicated acceptable results with respect to PET conversion (92–98 %) and TPA yield (89–90 %).
Furthermore, the obtained high-quality TPA was utilized in the co-crystallization of the anti-tuberculosis drug; Isoniazid (IZA). The different characterization techniques indicated the successful fabrication of IZA-TPA co-crystals. Thus, proving that the proposed single step depolymerization-purification route can offer an appealing economic and ecologically sustainable solution for postconsumer PET recycling and upcycling.
{"title":"High quality terephthalic acid produced via a single step depolymerization-purification process of postconsumer polyethylene terephthalate for co-crystallization applications","authors":"Olivia A. Attallah , Vasilisa Palkova , Ria Vij , Michael R. O'Krepky , Melika Niakosari , Peter Boldyrev , Rhianna Candido","doi":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient and simple steps chemical recycling technologies are surfacing as promising and sustainable pathways toward realizing circular economies for postconsumer plastic waste. Herein, a single step alkaline hydrolytic depolymerization and product purification of postconsumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics was performed under conventional heating. Activated carbon (AC) was incorporated during the reaction itself to produce a high-quality monomer with significantly reduced number of purification steps. Within 40 min, the proposed one step depolymerization-purification technology was able to facilitate ≈99 % conversion of PET to TPA monomer with improved yield (reaching 93 %), colour properties (92 % optical transmittance) and acid value (670–672 mg<sub>KOH</sub>/g<sub>TPA</sub>). Activated carbon played a crucial role in maintaining the quality of the produced TPA during the course of the reaction while the reaction time and volume of EG had the upper hand in determining the percentage of PET conversion and yield of TPA. First order reaction kinetics were able to describe the proposed PET depolymerization process with average activation energy of 28.5 kJ/mol. The reagents utilized in the depolymerization and purification purposes were also regenerated and their performance in another cycle of depolymerization indicated acceptable results with respect to PET conversion (92–98 %) and TPA yield (89–90 %).</div><div>Furthermore, the obtained high-quality TPA was utilized in the co-crystallization of the anti-tuberculosis drug; Isoniazid (IZA). The different characterization techniques indicated the successful fabrication of IZA-TPA co-crystals. Thus, proving that the proposed single step depolymerization-purification route can offer an appealing economic and ecologically sustainable solution for postconsumer PET recycling and upcycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22138,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 102252"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145416299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Efficient recovery and reuse of natural dyes from dyeing effluents are critical for advancing sustainable textile practices and reducing environmental impact. This study presents a closed-loop, resource-efficient approach by recovering Reseda luteola (Weld) dyes from dyeing wastewater using MIL-53(Al) as an adsorbent, and reapplying the recovered dyes in wool coloration. Under optimized conditions, MIL-53(Al) demonstrated exceptional dye removal efficacy, achieving 97 % adsorption. Kinetic analyses revealed that the adsorption process adheres to a pseudo-second-order model, with a calculated activation energy of 25.7 kJ/mol, indicative of a physisorption mechanism. Isotherm and thermodynamic evaluations confirmed the spontaneous (ΔG<0), endothermic (ΔH>0), and entropically favorable (ΔS>0) nature of the dye uptake by MIL-53(Al). An efficient desorption protocol using an acetone/HCl (50:50 v/v) mixture facilitated over 90 % recovery of the adsorbed Reseda dyes. Importantly, the recovered dye was successfully reused in dyeing aluminum-mordanted wool fibers, yielding substantial color strength (K/S value of 17 for wool dyed with dye from 0.16 g of saturated adsorbent) and desirable fastness properties. This approach provides a practical and eco-friendly pathway for valorizing residual natural dyes, reducing dye waste, lowering raw material consumption, and promoting circularity and sustainability in natural dyeing processes.
{"title":"Circular reuse of natural dyes: Adsorption, recovery, and reuse of Reseda luteola from dyeing wastewater using MIL-53(Al) for sustainable wool dyeing","authors":"Hooman Imani , Kamaladin Gharanjig , Hossein Kazemian , Siavash Goudarzi , Hamid Gharanjig","doi":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient recovery and reuse of natural dyes from dyeing effluents are critical for advancing sustainable textile practices and reducing environmental impact. This study presents a closed-loop, resource-efficient approach by recovering Reseda luteola (Weld) dyes from dyeing wastewater using MIL-53(Al) as an adsorbent, and reapplying the recovered dyes in wool coloration. Under optimized conditions, MIL-53(Al) demonstrated exceptional dye removal efficacy, achieving 97 % adsorption. Kinetic analyses revealed that the adsorption process adheres to a pseudo-second-order model, with a calculated activation energy of 25.7 kJ/mol, indicative of a physisorption mechanism. Isotherm and thermodynamic evaluations confirmed the spontaneous (ΔG<0), endothermic (ΔH>0), and entropically favorable (ΔS>0) nature of the dye uptake by MIL-53(Al). An efficient desorption protocol using an acetone/HCl (50:50 v/v) mixture facilitated over 90 % recovery of the adsorbed Reseda dyes. Importantly, the recovered dye was successfully reused in dyeing aluminum-mordanted wool fibers, yielding substantial color strength (K/S value of 17 for wool dyed with dye from 0.16 g of saturated adsorbent) and desirable fastness properties. This approach provides a practical and eco-friendly pathway for valorizing residual natural dyes, reducing dye waste, lowering raw material consumption, and promoting circularity and sustainability in natural dyeing processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22138,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 102247"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145416412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study optimized drying conditions for Citrus sinensis and Citrus limetta peels to enhance their nutritional and functional potential. Peels were dried using sun and tray drying at 45 °C, 50 °C, and 55 °C, then evaluated for physicochemical, antioxidant, structural, and antimicrobial properties. Moisture content significantly decreased from 72.98 % to 83.93 % in fresh orange and sweet lime peels to 6.85 % and 7.10 % in tray-dried samples at 50 °C (TDO-50 and TDM-50), respectively, while yield increased to 32.16 % for orange peel and 33.98 % for sweet lime peel. TDO-50 and TDM-50 exhibited the highest protein (7.96 % and 7.25 %), fat (3.05 % and 2.38 %), and carbohydrate contents (79.95 % and 68.88 %), moderate ash (2.88 % and 3.66 %), and stable acidity (pH 3.9–4.0; TTA 4.3–5.1 %). Multivariate analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA) and heatmap-based hierarchical clustering (HCA), identified tray drying at 50 °C as optimal. TDO-50 exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activity, sharper FTIR peaks indicating richer phenolic content, and SEM analysis showed better structural integrity. It also demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (zone of inhibition: 18.6 mm), lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC: 31.25 mg/mL) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC: 62.5 mg/mL), with the highest total activity (TA: 5.76 mL/g). TDM-50 was also effective but comparatively less potent. These findings confirm that tray drying at 50 °C, particularly for orange peel, is ideal for producing functional powders with enhanced bioactivity, supporting sustainable food and nutraceutical applications.
{"title":"Functional profiling of dried Citrus sinensis and Citrus limetta peels: A multivariate and spectroscopic insight into waste valorization","authors":"Alisha Nandan , Abhishek Dutt Tripathi , Javed Masood Khan , Dipendra Kumar Mahto , Aparna Agarwal","doi":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study optimized drying conditions for <em>Citrus sinensis</em> and <em>Citrus limetta</em> peels to enhance their nutritional and functional potential. Peels were dried using sun and tray drying at 45 °C, 50 °C, and 55 °C, then evaluated for physicochemical, antioxidant, structural, and antimicrobial properties. Moisture content significantly decreased from 72.98 % to 83.93 % in fresh orange and sweet lime peels to 6.85 % and 7.10 % in tray-dried samples at 50 °C (TDO-50 and TDM-50), respectively, while yield increased to 32.16 % for orange peel and 33.98 % for sweet lime peel. TDO-50 and TDM-50 exhibited the highest protein (7.96 % and 7.25 %), fat (3.05 % and 2.38 %), and carbohydrate contents (79.95 % and 68.88 %), moderate ash (2.88 % and 3.66 %), and stable acidity (pH 3.9–4.0; TTA 4.3–5.1 %). Multivariate analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA) and heatmap-based hierarchical clustering (HCA), identified tray drying at 50 °C as optimal. TDO-50 exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activity, sharper FTIR peaks indicating richer phenolic content, and SEM analysis showed better structural integrity. It also demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity against <em>S. aureus</em> (zone of inhibition: 18.6 mm), lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC: 31.25 mg/mL) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC: 62.5 mg/mL), with the highest total activity (TA: 5.76 mL/g). TDM-50 was also effective but comparatively less potent. These findings confirm that tray drying at 50 °C, particularly for orange peel, is ideal for producing functional powders with enhanced bioactivity, supporting sustainable food and nutraceutical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22138,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 102251"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145416413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.scp.2025.102253
Ze-Kai Tan , Han-Song Zhu , Fei Feng , Zu-Guo Yang , Li-Chun Dai , Zhi-Xiang Xu
Formaldehyde emission is a critical threat from conventional adhesives. Herein, bio-adhesives have been developed using oxidized lignin-containing cellulose nano fiber (OLCNF) as a cross-linking agent to enhance the performance of sewage sludge hydrochar-based wood bio-adhesives. Abundant active functional groups can be found on the surface of sewage sludge (SS) due to presence of proteins and polysaccharides that can react with OLCNF to form macromolecular via Schiff base reaction. The key reason is OLCNF can improve molecular weight of macromolecular in bio-adhesives due to low molecular weight of proteins and polysaccharides in SS. Consequently, the wet shear strength of the SS-derived bio-adhesives, denoted as BD-SS-OLCNF, was elevated to a peak of 1.54 MPa, exceeding the minimum standard set by the Chinese national standard GB/T 9846-2015(≥0.7 MPa). In contrast with untreated SS, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) treatment facilitated the creation of reactive functional groups while concurrently diminishing the molecular weight and the wet shear strength of the bio-adhesives. The formation of covalent bonds was identified as a decisive factor in enhancing the wet shear strength. Subsequent mechanistic studies have elucidated that the presence of reactive functional groups and the formation of covalent bonds are pivotal elements for the efficacy of bio-adhesives. This study concurrently elucidates the role of HTC treatment of SS and the addition of OLCNF in developing high-performance bio-adhesives from wastes, favoring high-value utilization of SS and the development of sustainable bio-adhesives.
{"title":"Developing sewage sludge hydrochar-based wood bio-adhesives: the role of oxidized lignin-containing cellulose nanofiber","authors":"Ze-Kai Tan , Han-Song Zhu , Fei Feng , Zu-Guo Yang , Li-Chun Dai , Zhi-Xiang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Formaldehyde emission is a critical threat from conventional adhesives. Herein, bio-adhesives have been developed using oxidized lignin-containing cellulose nano fiber (OLCNF) as a cross-linking agent to enhance the performance of sewage sludge hydrochar-based wood bio-adhesives. Abundant active functional groups can be found on the surface of sewage sludge (SS) due to presence of proteins and polysaccharides that can react with OLCNF to form macromolecular via Schiff base reaction. The key reason is OLCNF can improve molecular weight of macromolecular in bio-adhesives due to low molecular weight of proteins and polysaccharides in SS. Consequently, the wet shear strength of the SS-derived bio-adhesives, denoted as BD-SS-OLCNF, was elevated to a peak of 1.54 MPa, exceeding the minimum standard set by the Chinese national standard GB/T 9846-2015(≥0.7 MPa). In contrast with untreated SS, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) treatment facilitated the creation of reactive functional groups while concurrently diminishing the molecular weight and the wet shear strength of the bio-adhesives. The formation of covalent bonds was identified as a decisive factor in enhancing the wet shear strength. Subsequent mechanistic studies have elucidated that the presence of reactive functional groups and the formation of covalent bonds are pivotal elements for the efficacy of bio-adhesives. This study concurrently elucidates the role of HTC treatment of SS and the addition of OLCNF in developing high-performance bio-adhesives from wastes, favoring high-value utilization of SS and the development of sustainable bio-adhesives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22138,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 102253"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145416300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.scp.2025.102246
Mehtiali Ahıskalı , Oguzhan Yavuz Bayraktar , Adem Ahıskalı , Ahmet Benli , Gökhan Kaplan
This study investigates the performance of sustainable roller-compacted concrete (RCC) mixtures incorporating varying proportions of fine and coarse recycled aggregates (f-CDW and c-CDW), waste concrete powder (CP), and polypropylene fibers (PPF). A total of sixteen mixtures were produced with zero-slump consistency, and water-to-binder (w/b) ratios ranged from 0.34 to 0.69 depending on recycled content and admixture levels. The control mixture without recycled inputs achieved the highest 90-day compressive and tensile strengths (48.98 MPa and 3.88 MPa), while recycled mixtures attained up to 37.22 MPa and above 3.0 MPa when ≤20 % CP and 0.25–0.50 % PPF were used. Increasing CDW and CP contents led to higher porosity (up to 4.33 %) and sorptivity (5.47 kg/m2), while oven-dry densities declined to as low as 2004 kg/m3. Durability was strongly influenced by composition: compressive strength losses ranged from 1.6 % to 28.2 % after magnesium sulfate exposure, 3 %–36 % in chloride cycles, and 20 %–71 % under 150 freeze–thaw cycles. Abrasion resistance varied from 0.94 % to 4.40 %, with optimal PPF levels improving surface performance and crack control. Excessive CP (≥40 %) and PPF (≥0.75 %) negatively impacted compactability and matrix integrity. From a sustainability perspective, using recycled aggregates and CP substantially reduced the environmental burden associated with cement and virgin aggregate use. Taguchi optimization helped identify eco-efficient mixtures that balanced mechanical performance with minimized environmental impact. The findings confirm that, with proper proportioning and material synergy, fiber-reinforced RCC incorporating recycled components can serve as a green, durable solution for infrastructure exposed to harsh conditions.
{"title":"Eco-efficient roller-compacted concrete with recycled aggregates and fiber reinforcement","authors":"Mehtiali Ahıskalı , Oguzhan Yavuz Bayraktar , Adem Ahıskalı , Ahmet Benli , Gökhan Kaplan","doi":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the performance of sustainable roller-compacted concrete (RCC) mixtures incorporating varying proportions of fine and coarse recycled aggregates (f-CDW and c-CDW), waste concrete powder (CP), and polypropylene fibers (PPF). A total of sixteen mixtures were produced with zero-slump consistency, and water-to-binder (w/b) ratios ranged from 0.34 to 0.69 depending on recycled content and admixture levels. The control mixture without recycled inputs achieved the highest 90-day compressive and tensile strengths (48.98 MPa and 3.88 MPa), while recycled mixtures attained up to 37.22 MPa and above 3.0 MPa when ≤20 % CP and 0.25–0.50 % PPF were used. Increasing CDW and CP contents led to higher porosity (up to 4.33 %) and sorptivity (5.47 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), while oven-dry densities declined to as low as 2004 kg/m<sup>3</sup>. Durability was strongly influenced by composition: compressive strength losses ranged from 1.6 % to 28.2 % after magnesium sulfate exposure, 3 %–36 % in chloride cycles, and 20 %–71 % under 150 freeze–thaw cycles. Abrasion resistance varied from 0.94 % to 4.40 %, with optimal PPF levels improving surface performance and crack control. Excessive CP (≥40 %) and PPF (≥0.75 %) negatively impacted compactability and matrix integrity. From a sustainability perspective, using recycled aggregates and CP substantially reduced the environmental burden associated with cement and virgin aggregate use. Taguchi optimization helped identify eco-efficient mixtures that balanced mechanical performance with minimized environmental impact. The findings confirm that, with proper proportioning and material synergy, fiber-reinforced RCC incorporating recycled components can serve as a green, durable solution for infrastructure exposed to harsh conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22138,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 102246"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145416298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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