Objectives: The Objective of the present study is evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of root extract of Prunus persica on paracetamol induced hepatotoxic in rats. Methods: The roots of Prunus persica was dried under shade and then powdered and extracted with ethanol and the resultant extract was subjected for phytochemical analysis to identify different phytoconstituents. The effect of ethanolic extract of roots of Prunus persica on hepatotoxicity was evaluated by using experimental model of paracetamol induced liver necrosis. In this model the common parameter determined were physical parameter like wet liver weight and biochemical parameter like SGOT, SGPT, ALP and Total Bilirubin changes in liver. Histopathological changes in liver were assessed. Results: Phytochemical investigation of ethanolic extract of roots of P. persica revealed the presence of Carbohydrates, Tannins, Amino acids, Flavonoids, Steroids and Cardiac glycosides. Oral administration of Prunus persica extract (400 mg/kg) showed dose related hepatoprotective activity in Paracetamol induced liver necrosis. The parameters SGOT, SGPT, ALP and Total Bilirubin level were increased in paracetamol treated group whereas the treatment group like standard and extract decreased. The histopathological examination of the liver in the hepatotoxic animals in Paracetamol model shows liver parenchyma with distorted architecture. Some of the hepatocytes show degenerative changes, while some show apoptosis. Which were less in the treated group and regenerative hepatocytes show in treatment group? Conclusion: A significant hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Prunus persica observed in the present investigation may be due to synergistic potentiate action of its phytoconstituents since they contain a diverse array of active principles which are able to target multiple mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of hepatotoxicity
{"title":"Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Root of Prunus Persica on Paracetamol Induced Hepatotoxic in Rats","authors":"Kumar Sj","doi":"10.23880/jonam-16000190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jonam-16000190","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The Objective of the present study is evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of root extract of Prunus persica on paracetamol induced hepatotoxic in rats. Methods: The roots of Prunus persica was dried under shade and then powdered and extracted with ethanol and the resultant extract was subjected for phytochemical analysis to identify different phytoconstituents. The effect of ethanolic extract of roots of Prunus persica on hepatotoxicity was evaluated by using experimental model of paracetamol induced liver necrosis. In this model the common parameter determined were physical parameter like wet liver weight and biochemical parameter like SGOT, SGPT, ALP and Total Bilirubin changes in liver. Histopathological changes in liver were assessed. Results: Phytochemical investigation of ethanolic extract of roots of P. persica revealed the presence of Carbohydrates, Tannins, Amino acids, Flavonoids, Steroids and Cardiac glycosides. Oral administration of Prunus persica extract (400 mg/kg) showed dose related hepatoprotective activity in Paracetamol induced liver necrosis. The parameters SGOT, SGPT, ALP and Total Bilirubin level were increased in paracetamol treated group whereas the treatment group like standard and extract decreased. The histopathological examination of the liver in the hepatotoxic animals in Paracetamol model shows liver parenchyma with distorted architecture. Some of the hepatocytes show degenerative changes, while some show apoptosis. Which were less in the treated group and regenerative hepatocytes show in treatment group? Conclusion: A significant hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Prunus persica observed in the present investigation may be due to synergistic potentiate action of its phytoconstituents since they contain a diverse array of active principles which are able to target multiple mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of hepatotoxicity","PeriodicalId":221440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural & Ayurvedic Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133386888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Menarcheal age symbolizes the first menstrual period in female life and it is affected by biological and psychological factors. This study aimed to assess the effect of sociodemographic factor, menstrual pattern, menstrual disorder, physical activity and health care-seeking behavior on age at menarche. Materials and methods: This present cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 female students of government school in Selangor. After taking consent, self-constructed questionnaire were distributed to the students consisting part A sociodemographic profile, part B menstrual pattern and menstrual problem and part C physical activity and healthcare-seeking behavior. Mean age at menarche of this study subject were 12.21±1.09. Dysmenorrhea was reported by 90.8% of the female students. 38.9% of the students had PMS while 48.6% claimed only sometimes they experienced PMS symptoms and the remaining of 13% of students had no symptoms of PMS. Mean age at menarche was not statistically significant in different category of sociodemographic factor but showed a significant result in Dysmenorrhea (P=0.004), PMS (P=0.029) and physical activity (P<0.05). Findings also revealed a strong significant relationship between age of respondents and healthcare-seeking behavior towards menstrual problems (P=0.001). The result of age at menarche was comparable with other findings in the world. Public health education, counseling programs and routine counseling should be offer to the school to assist in early detection of menstrual disorder.
{"title":"Age at Menarche and Menstrual Pattern among Adolescences Girls in Selangor","authors":"Siti-Arffah Kamarulzaman","doi":"10.23880/jonam-16000175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jonam-16000175","url":null,"abstract":"Menarcheal age symbolizes the first menstrual period in female life and it is affected by biological and psychological factors. This study aimed to assess the effect of sociodemographic factor, menstrual pattern, menstrual disorder, physical activity and health care-seeking behavior on age at menarche. Materials and methods: This present cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 female students of government school in Selangor. After taking consent, self-constructed questionnaire were distributed to the students consisting part A sociodemographic profile, part B menstrual pattern and menstrual problem and part C physical activity and healthcare-seeking behavior. Mean age at menarche of this study subject were 12.21±1.09. Dysmenorrhea was reported by 90.8% of the female students. 38.9% of the students had PMS while 48.6% claimed only sometimes they experienced PMS symptoms and the remaining of 13% of students had no symptoms of PMS. Mean age at menarche was not statistically significant in different category of sociodemographic factor but showed a significant result in Dysmenorrhea (P=0.004), PMS (P=0.029) and physical activity (P<0.05). Findings also revealed a strong significant relationship between age of respondents and healthcare-seeking behavior towards menstrual problems (P=0.001). The result of age at menarche was comparable with other findings in the world. Public health education, counseling programs and routine counseling should be offer to the school to assist in early detection of menstrual disorder.","PeriodicalId":221440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural & Ayurvedic Medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123494089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alternative and complementary medicine differs in approach from allopathy medicine. The conventional drugs treatment, in that it promotes self-healing alternative medicine is not strictly accurate term, as many replace orthodox medicine but to enhance it by working alongside it. Genius practitioners would not consider trying to treat patients with an illness requiring surgery, instead they may work closely with patients and discuss to provide relaxation techniques to aid and stimulate recovery through physio-treatment. Focusing on the mind is much more important when it comes to controlling the pain.
{"title":"Holistic Approach to Pain Management","authors":"Rafeek Hm","doi":"10.23880/jonam-16000173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jonam-16000173","url":null,"abstract":"Alternative and complementary medicine differs in approach from allopathy medicine. The conventional drugs treatment, in that it promotes self-healing alternative medicine is not strictly accurate term, as many replace orthodox medicine but to enhance it by working alongside it. Genius practitioners would not consider trying to treat patients with an illness requiring surgery, instead they may work closely with patients and discuss to provide relaxation techniques to aid and stimulate recovery through physio-treatment. Focusing on the mind is much more important when it comes to controlling the pain.","PeriodicalId":221440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural & Ayurvedic Medicine","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123523218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nutrition play important role in prevention of disease and promote good health if taken with clear understanding of importance of certain foods and assist in prevention of disease. Calcium is very important for bone and teeth health. Similarly zinc is needed for the brain modulation, gene expression DNA, RNA metabolism. Calcium decreases in young adult as they age. When calcium is not enough in the diet the body take calcium from the bone and lead to bone weakness. Zinc helps in wound healing and effect on learning and memory and regulates immune function. Zinc is used to prevent inflammation in lining of digestive tract. Iron is very important for healthy pregnancy, increased energy and better athletic performance. Iron treats anemia and used for brain function and helps in immune boasting, synthesis of neurotransmitters. So calcium carbonate and ferrous sulphate also the sulphate of zinc have already been used as iron zinc and calcium fortification. Two chapati will be prepared one fortified with 114mg Calcium carbonate with 48g of wheat flour and the other chapatti co-fortified with 1.5mg iron and 1.5mg zinc with 48g flours must be fortified manually. Then finally the proximate analysis and sensory evaluation will be performed on the products. In the end the study will be subjected to statistical design to interpret the result.
{"title":"Sensory Evaluation of Calcium, Iron and Zinc Fortified Whole Wheat Flour Chapati","authors":"Ayesha Mushtaq","doi":"10.23880/jonam-16000184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jonam-16000184","url":null,"abstract":"Nutrition play important role in prevention of disease and promote good health if taken with clear understanding of importance of certain foods and assist in prevention of disease. Calcium is very important for bone and teeth health. Similarly zinc is needed for the brain modulation, gene expression DNA, RNA metabolism. Calcium decreases in young adult as they age. When calcium is not enough in the diet the body take calcium from the bone and lead to bone weakness. Zinc helps in wound healing and effect on learning and memory and regulates immune function. Zinc is used to prevent inflammation in lining of digestive tract. Iron is very important for healthy pregnancy, increased energy and better athletic performance. Iron treats anemia and used for brain function and helps in immune boasting, synthesis of neurotransmitters. So calcium carbonate and ferrous sulphate also the sulphate of zinc have already been used as iron zinc and calcium fortification. Two chapati will be prepared one fortified with 114mg Calcium carbonate with 48g of wheat flour and the other chapatti co-fortified with 1.5mg iron and 1.5mg zinc with 48g flours must be fortified manually. Then finally the proximate analysis and sensory evaluation will be performed on the products. In the end the study will be subjected to statistical design to interpret the result.","PeriodicalId":221440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural & Ayurvedic Medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125125722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Potassium is a crucial mineral for the muscles as well as the nervous system to function adequately because one of its main objectives is to cooperate with sodium to regulate the amount of fluid inside and outside the cells. As an electrolyte, potassium is known to increase cardiac and muscle activity. Also, the mineral supports the memory function of the brain. In addition, potassium increases memory and learning in healthy individuals. This is one of the main reasons why symptoms reflecting a low level of potassium are synonymous with neurological disease symptoms. In this context, the intake of potassium can be applied as a support for neurological diseases. This mini-review will discuss the potential role of potassium in several neurological diseases.
{"title":"Potassium Intake in Neurological Diseases","authors":"E. Akyuz","doi":"10.23880/jonam-16000177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jonam-16000177","url":null,"abstract":"Potassium is a crucial mineral for the muscles as well as the nervous system to function adequately because one of its main objectives is to cooperate with sodium to regulate the amount of fluid inside and outside the cells. As an electrolyte, potassium is known to increase cardiac and muscle activity. Also, the mineral supports the memory function of the brain. In addition, potassium increases memory and learning in healthy individuals. This is one of the main reasons why symptoms reflecting a low level of potassium are synonymous with neurological disease symptoms. In this context, the intake of potassium can be applied as a support for neurological diseases. This mini-review will discuss the potential role of potassium in several neurological diseases.","PeriodicalId":221440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural & Ayurvedic Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133487586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sleep is one of the important components of Tripod of life (three pillars that hold the health, life and longevity). They person, in general situation sleeps during night hours. Under certain circumstances there may be need of day sleep also. Violation of the rules of sleep may lead to some untoward effects. Therefore every individual should learn and follow the rules of sleep. The Ayurvedic scholars, in there valuable classics write elaborately about sleep with special reference to pathophysiology, types, rules to be followed to gain benefit of sleep etc. which can be considered as valuable source of knowledge with scope of extensive research.
{"title":"Sleep: Our Ancestors View","authors":"Dilip Kumar G","doi":"10.23880/jonam-16000191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jonam-16000191","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep is one of the important components of Tripod of life (three pillars that hold the health, life and longevity). They person, in general situation sleeps during night hours. Under certain circumstances there may be need of day sleep also. Violation of the rules of sleep may lead to some untoward effects. Therefore every individual should learn and follow the rules of sleep. The Ayurvedic scholars, in there valuable classics write elaborately about sleep with special reference to pathophysiology, types, rules to be followed to gain benefit of sleep etc. which can be considered as valuable source of knowledge with scope of extensive research.","PeriodicalId":221440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural & Ayurvedic Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130168387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melissa officinalis is commonly used around the world. Various studies have indicated the different properties of this herb. This article briefly describes the various properties of this plant as well as various related studies.
{"title":"Medicinal Uses of Melissa officinalis (Lemon Balm)","authors":"Heidari M","doi":"10.23880/jonam-16000189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jonam-16000189","url":null,"abstract":"Melissa officinalis is commonly used around the world. Various studies have indicated the different properties of this herb. This article briefly describes the various properties of this plant as well as various related studies.","PeriodicalId":221440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural & Ayurvedic Medicine","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124444399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Along the last decade, the central role of ion channels in neurological diseases has been carefully studying. Especially, inwardly-rectifying potassium (Kir) channels controlling the cell excitability by acting towards the hyperpolarization phase of neuronal action potential are vital in the neurological disease mechanism. Recent functional studies have shown that the Kir channels associating with various neurological disorders, primarily epilepsy cannot carry K+ ions into the cell due to dysfunction. Investigations into the role of Kir channels with 7 subfamilies in the mechanism of neurological disorders (epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, autism, etc.) have shown that the Kir channels functionally may change. After the key role of Kir channels in the pathophysiology is shown, novel drug studies targeting these channels have begun to be developed. Mutations in genes encoding ion channel protein dysfunction have also been included in this review. This is the review to our knowledge in neurological disorders showing the functional expression of Kir channels. Our review shows that Kir channels may play a role in pathophysiology associated with neurologic diseases. In review, the role of Kir channels in various common neurological diseases will be classified and a resource will be created for the researchers.
{"title":"Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Channels in Neurological Diseases in Last Decade","authors":"Akyuz E","doi":"10.23880/jonam-16000188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jonam-16000188","url":null,"abstract":"Along the last decade, the central role of ion channels in neurological diseases has been carefully studying. Especially, inwardly-rectifying potassium (Kir) channels controlling the cell excitability by acting towards the hyperpolarization phase of neuronal action potential are vital in the neurological disease mechanism. Recent functional studies have shown that the Kir channels associating with various neurological disorders, primarily epilepsy cannot carry K+ ions into the cell due to dysfunction. Investigations into the role of Kir channels with 7 subfamilies in the mechanism of neurological disorders (epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, autism, etc.) have shown that the Kir channels functionally may change. After the key role of Kir channels in the pathophysiology is shown, novel drug studies targeting these channels have begun to be developed. Mutations in genes encoding ion channel protein dysfunction have also been included in this review. This is the review to our knowledge in neurological disorders showing the functional expression of Kir channels. Our review shows that Kir channels may play a role in pathophysiology associated with neurologic diseases. In review, the role of Kir channels in various common neurological diseases will be classified and a resource will be created for the researchers.","PeriodicalId":221440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural & Ayurvedic Medicine","volume":"608 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132916824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medicinal Flora are considered as a biogenetic laboratory for the production of the Chemical constituents, Primary and secondary constituents primary constituents include carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and amino acids and they play physiological role in humans and plants. Besides primary Constituents plants also produce secondary metabolites these secondary constituents provide a therapeutic role when used by humans. These secondary metabolite are also known as phytoconstituents plants utilize these phytoconstituents for their protection .They also have some medicinal value and the usage of plants dates back to the Paleolithic age for different body aliments. Many plants are used for depression which is cited in this article.
{"title":"Herbs as Antidepressants: A Review","authors":"Yousuf Rather J","doi":"10.23880/jonam-16000182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jonam-16000182","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal Flora are considered as a biogenetic laboratory for the production of the Chemical constituents, Primary and secondary constituents primary constituents include carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and amino acids and they play physiological role in humans and plants. Besides primary Constituents plants also produce secondary metabolites these secondary constituents provide a therapeutic role when used by humans. These secondary metabolite are also known as phytoconstituents plants utilize these phytoconstituents for their protection .They also have some medicinal value and the usage of plants dates back to the Paleolithic age for different body aliments. Many plants are used for depression which is cited in this article.","PeriodicalId":221440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural & Ayurvedic Medicine","volume":"236 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132154265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Women’s ice hockey has the highest rate of concussion injuries of any NCAA sport. Unanticipated checking in ice hockey is a significant contributor to the rate of serious head injuries. This study evaluated NCAA Division I women ice hockey players’, coaches’, and referees’ opinions as to intent to injure, aggression, and the non-checking rule. Major penalty minutes were also analyzed for the 2013-2014 season. Data revealed that intent to injure is not recognized by referees. Education of referees and the use of referees dedicated only to women’s ice hockey are recommended as an attempt to decrease injuries.
{"title":"Intent to Injure and Severe Head Injuries in NCAA Division I Women’s Ice Hockey","authors":"Habusta Steven F","doi":"10.23880/jonam-16000180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/jonam-16000180","url":null,"abstract":"Women’s ice hockey has the highest rate of concussion injuries of any NCAA sport. Unanticipated checking in ice hockey is a significant contributor to the rate of serious head injuries. This study evaluated NCAA Division I women ice hockey players’, coaches’, and referees’ opinions as to intent to injure, aggression, and the non-checking rule. Major penalty minutes were also analyzed for the 2013-2014 season. Data revealed that intent to injure is not recognized by referees. Education of referees and the use of referees dedicated only to women’s ice hockey are recommended as an attempt to decrease injuries.","PeriodicalId":221440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural & Ayurvedic Medicine","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133311401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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