Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1142/S1682648518500075
Yi-Ning Chen, C. Wu, T. Bryan, T. Hooper, D. Schrader, T. Lin
Experimental infection of a high-passage turkey coronavirus passaged serially in embryonated turkey eggs for 344 times (P344 TCoV 540) showed no enteritis-related clinical signs, decreased body weight gains, gross, and microscopic lesions. TCoV spike (S) protein specific antibodies appeared from 14 days post infection (dpi) and increased gradually. Virus neutralization (VN) titers of the serum from P344 TCoV 540-inoculated turkeys were 1:13 at 14 dpi, 1:16 at 28 dpi, and 1:36 at 56 dpi against P344 TCoV 540. P344 TCoV 540-inoculated turkeys were protected against the challenge by homologous P344 TCoV 540 completely or low passage P3 TCoV 540 partially as revealed by lack of histopathological alterations, absence of TCoV by immunofluorescent antibody assay in the intestines, and reduction in TCoV viral RNA loads in the intestines and feces. The serum from P344 TCoV 540-vaccinated turkeys had higher VN titers against P344 TCoV 540 than those against P3 TCoV 540. P344 TCoV 540 had 52 amino acid substitutions as compared to those of P3 TCoV in the S protein. The results indicated that a high passage TCoV can induce protective humoral and cellular immune response and have potentials to become an attenuated vaccine.
{"title":"PATHOGENICITY, IMMUNOGENICITY, PROTECTION EFFICACY, AND SPIKE PROTEIN GENE SEQUENCE OF A HIGH-PASSAGE TURKEY CORONAVIRUS SERIALLY PASSAGED IN EMBRYONATED TURKEY EGGS","authors":"Yi-Ning Chen, C. Wu, T. Bryan, T. Hooper, D. Schrader, T. Lin","doi":"10.1142/S1682648518500075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1682648518500075","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental infection of a high-passage turkey coronavirus passaged serially in embryonated turkey eggs for 344 times (P344 TCoV 540) showed no enteritis-related clinical signs, decreased body weight gains, gross, and microscopic lesions. TCoV spike (S) protein specific antibodies appeared from 14 days post infection (dpi) and increased gradually. Virus neutralization (VN) titers of the serum from P344 TCoV 540-inoculated turkeys were 1:13 at 14 dpi, 1:16 at 28 dpi, and 1:36 at 56 dpi against P344 TCoV 540. P344 TCoV 540-inoculated turkeys were protected against the challenge by homologous P344 TCoV 540 completely or low passage P3 TCoV 540 partially as revealed by lack of histopathological alterations, absence of TCoV by immunofluorescent antibody assay in the intestines, and reduction in TCoV viral RNA loads in the intestines and feces. The serum from P344 TCoV 540-vaccinated turkeys had higher VN titers against P344 TCoV 540 than those against P3 TCoV 540. P344 TCoV 540 had 52 amino acid substitutions as compared to those of P3 TCoV in the S protein. The results indicated that a high passage TCoV can induce protective humoral and cellular immune response and have potentials to become an attenuated vaccine.","PeriodicalId":22157,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Veterinary Journal","volume":"CE-28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84569868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1142/S1682648518720046
I. Chan, Shin-Yi Huang, Shiun-Long Lin
A three-year-old neutered male mixed-breed cat was referred for tachypnea, decreased appetite, and lethargy due to a pleural effusion secondary to myocardial failure. Severe left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) dilation, extremely decreased fractional shortening of the LV, and spontaneous echocardiographic contrast in the LA appendage were noted on an echocardiogram. Medical treatments included furosemide, pimobendan, benazepril, clopidogrel, and taurine supplementation. During follow-up visits, tachypnea was not observed, and his activities and appetite returned to normal. Echocardiography showed normal LA and LV chambers and increased LV fractional shortening. The point-of-care test result for N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was abnormal during the first two visits (day 1 and day 16), and the concentration of plasma NT-proBNP was 1500[Formula: see text]pmol/L and 349[Formula: see text]pmol/L, respectively. On the third and fourth visits (day 35 and day 70), the point-of-care test result for NT-proBNP was normal and corresponded with normal echocardiography findings.
{"title":"REVERSIBLE MYOCARDIAL FAILURE IN A CAT: A CASE REPORT","authors":"I. Chan, Shin-Yi Huang, Shiun-Long Lin","doi":"10.1142/S1682648518720046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1682648518720046","url":null,"abstract":"A three-year-old neutered male mixed-breed cat was referred for tachypnea, decreased appetite, and lethargy due to a pleural effusion secondary to myocardial failure. Severe left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) dilation, extremely decreased fractional shortening of the LV, and spontaneous echocardiographic contrast in the LA appendage were noted on an echocardiogram. Medical treatments included furosemide, pimobendan, benazepril, clopidogrel, and taurine supplementation. During follow-up visits, tachypnea was not observed, and his activities and appetite returned to normal. Echocardiography showed normal LA and LV chambers and increased LV fractional shortening. The point-of-care test result for N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was abnormal during the first two visits (day 1 and day 16), and the concentration of plasma NT-proBNP was 1500[Formula: see text]pmol/L and 349[Formula: see text]pmol/L, respectively. On the third and fourth visits (day 35 and day 70), the point-of-care test result for NT-proBNP was normal and corresponded with normal echocardiography findings.","PeriodicalId":22157,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Veterinary Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87479873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1142/S1682648518500063
Yi-Ning Chen, Bo-Gang Su, Hung-Chang Chen, C. Chou, Hsi-Chi Cheng
Bats are the natural reservoirs of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Six Alphacoronavirus and five Betacoronavirus have been detected in many bat species, including SARS-related CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-related CoV. In Taiwan, SARS-related CoV, belonging to Betacoronavirus, has been detected in Rhinolophus monoceros. Scotophilus bat CoV-512, belonging to Alphacoronavirus, has been detected in Scotophilus kuhlii, Miniopterus fuliginosus, and Rhinolophus monoceros by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). To understand the infection history of CoV in these three insectivorous bat populations, CoV-specific antibodies were surveyed by using western blot (WB) analysis and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The carboxyl terminal fragment of nucleocapsid protein (N3) of SARS-CoV and Scotophilus bat CoV-512 were used as the antigen in the assays. Of the 52 serum samples obtained from Scotophilus kuhlii, 29 samples (56%) were tested positive for Scotophilus bat CoV-512-specific antibodies through ELISA. Of the 63 serum samples obtained from Rhinolophus monoceros, 9 samples were tested positive for only SARS-CoV-specific antibodies, 7 samples were tested positive for only Scotophilus bat CoV-512-specific antibodies, and 16 samples (25.4%) were tested positive for both antibodies through WB analysis. Only 1 of 18 Miniopterus bat serum samples tested positive for Scotophilus bat CoV-512-specific antibodies through ELISA. Lactating female bats had higher positive rates of CoV-specific antibodies than non-lactating female and male bats did. Our findings were crucial for understanding CoV infection history in three insectivorous bat species and important for the control of bat-borne zoonosis diseases.
蝙蝠是严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)的天然宿主。在许多蝙蝠物种中检测到6种甲型冠状病毒和5种乙型冠状病毒，包括与sars相关的冠状病毒和与中东呼吸综合征(MERS)相关的冠状病毒。在台湾，在犀牛身上发现了与sars相关的冠状病毒，属于贝塔冠状病毒。利用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术，在库氏scotophius kuhlii, Miniopterus fuliginosus和rhinophus monoceros中检测到scotophius bat CoV-512，属冠状病毒。为了解这3个食虫蝙蝠种群的冠状病毒感染史，采用western blot (WB)和间接酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测冠状病毒特异性抗体。以SARS-CoV和蝙蝠Scotophilus CoV-512的核衣壳蛋白(N3)羧基末端片段为抗原。在获得的52份库氏夜蛾血清样本中，29份(56%)经ELISA检测呈夜蛾cov -512特异性抗体阳性。63份单角犀牛血清标本中，9份标本仅检测到sars - cov特异性抗体阳性，7份标本仅检测到Scotophilus bat cov -512特异性抗体阳性，16份标本(25.4%)经WB分析均检测到两种抗体阳性。18份小翅蝠血清中，仅有1份经ELISA检测出Scotophilus bat cov -512特异性抗体阳性。哺乳期雌性蝙蝠的冠状病毒特异性抗体阳性率高于非哺乳期雌性和雄性蝙蝠。本研究结果对了解三种食虫蝙蝠的冠状病毒感染史具有重要意义，对控制蝙蝠传播的人畜共患病具有重要意义。
{"title":"DETECTION OF SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES TO THE NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN FRAGMENTS OF SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME-CORONAVIRUS AND SCOTOPHILUS BAT CORONAVIRUS-512 IN THREE INSECTIVOROUS BAT SPECIES","authors":"Yi-Ning Chen, Bo-Gang Su, Hung-Chang Chen, C. Chou, Hsi-Chi Cheng","doi":"10.1142/S1682648518500063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1682648518500063","url":null,"abstract":"Bats are the natural reservoirs of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Six Alphacoronavirus and five Betacoronavirus have been detected in many bat species, including SARS-related CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-related CoV. In Taiwan, SARS-related CoV, belonging to Betacoronavirus, has been detected in Rhinolophus monoceros. Scotophilus bat CoV-512, belonging to Alphacoronavirus, has been detected in Scotophilus kuhlii, Miniopterus fuliginosus, and Rhinolophus monoceros by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). To understand the infection history of CoV in these three insectivorous bat populations, CoV-specific antibodies were surveyed by using western blot (WB) analysis and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The carboxyl terminal fragment of nucleocapsid protein (N3) of SARS-CoV and Scotophilus bat CoV-512 were used as the antigen in the assays. Of the 52 serum samples obtained from Scotophilus kuhlii, 29 samples (56%) were tested positive for Scotophilus bat CoV-512-specific antibodies through ELISA. Of the 63 serum samples obtained from Rhinolophus monoceros, 9 samples were tested positive for only SARS-CoV-specific antibodies, 7 samples were tested positive for only Scotophilus bat CoV-512-specific antibodies, and 16 samples (25.4%) were tested positive for both antibodies through WB analysis. Only 1 of 18 Miniopterus bat serum samples tested positive for Scotophilus bat CoV-512-specific antibodies through ELISA. Lactating female bats had higher positive rates of CoV-specific antibodies than non-lactating female and male bats did. Our findings were crucial for understanding CoV infection history in three insectivorous bat species and important for the control of bat-borne zoonosis diseases.","PeriodicalId":22157,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Veterinary Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87964157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1142/S1682648518500099
Hsin-Hung Huang, Wen-Ying Chen, Shih-Chieh Chang
Lipomas in dogs are a common benign mesenchymal tumor and are usually not life-threatening, but surgical management may be recommended if dogs develop discomfort and exercise inconvenience. To date, studies showing the relationship between body condition scores (BCSs) and the incidence rates of lipomas are rare, and definite risk factors are still unclear. The purpose of this retrospective, case–control study was to investigate the relationship between lipomas and obesity or high BCS. A total of 185 dogs were included in the study. There were 133 dogs diagnosed with lipomas in case group and 52 dogs without lipomas in control group. The diagnoses of control group included panniculitis, granulomas and non-neoplastic disease. To explore the relationship between BCS variables and lipomas, the binary logistic regression analysis was used. The results showed that, in dogs with lipomas, there were significant differences between those that were obese and those that had optimal body conditions. Dogs with [Formula: see text] had a higher risk than dogs with [Formula: see text], and the odds ratio was 5.04 ([Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]). On the contrary, seniors had a higher risk than adult. In conclusion, obesity and senior factor increase the incidence of lipomas in dogs with non-malignant skin mass.
{"title":"OBESE AND SENIOR FACTORS INCREASE THE INCIDENCE OF LIPOMA IN DOGS WITH NON-MALIGNANT SKIN MASS","authors":"Hsin-Hung Huang, Wen-Ying Chen, Shih-Chieh Chang","doi":"10.1142/S1682648518500099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1682648518500099","url":null,"abstract":"Lipomas in dogs are a common benign mesenchymal tumor and are usually not life-threatening, but surgical management may be recommended if dogs develop discomfort and exercise inconvenience. To date, studies showing the relationship between body condition scores (BCSs) and the incidence rates of lipomas are rare, and definite risk factors are still unclear. The purpose of this retrospective, case–control study was to investigate the relationship between lipomas and obesity or high BCS. A total of 185 dogs were included in the study. There were 133 dogs diagnosed with lipomas in case group and 52 dogs without lipomas in control group. The diagnoses of control group included panniculitis, granulomas and non-neoplastic disease. To explore the relationship between BCS variables and lipomas, the binary logistic regression analysis was used. The results showed that, in dogs with lipomas, there were significant differences between those that were obese and those that had optimal body conditions. Dogs with [Formula: see text] had a higher risk than dogs with [Formula: see text], and the odds ratio was 5.04 ([Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]). On the contrary, seniors had a higher risk than adult. In conclusion, obesity and senior factor increase the incidence of lipomas in dogs with non-malignant skin mass.","PeriodicalId":22157,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Veterinary Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91102051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-08DOI: 10.1142/S1682648518500087
Heng-Ching Lin, W. H. Chong, Han-Hsiang Huang, C. Chou, Yi-Lun Tsai, Chishih Chu, Wen-Ling Shih, J. Lai, Yaochi Su
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) are Gram positive, aerobic, acid-fast, catalase positive bacteria. The Johne’s disease, caused by MAP, is a wasting disease found in all ruminants including cattle, sheep, goats, deer, camelids and wildlife ruminants. MAP has attracted hygienic attention due to the link between Crohn’s disease (CD) in humans and MAP presence in the gut of patients. The aims of this study are to investigate and monitor the serological prevalence and molecular identification rate of MAP in caprine feces and verify the MAP-negative goat farms in central-southern Taiwan. A total of 8486 blood samples were randomly collected between the years 2011 and 2015 from 321 caprine farms. The serum samples were assessed by commercial ELISA while 3015 fecal samples from 201 anti-MAP antibodies (MAP-Ab) negative herds were further molecularly examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from year 2014 to 2015. The individual seroprevalence rate of caprine MAP in 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 was 0% (0/1032), 0% (0/429), 0% (0/1402), 0.14% (4/2917) and 0.07% (2/2706), respectively. Molecular identification rate of MAP in caprine fecal samples at MAP-Ab negative farms accounted for 0.92% (14/1515) and 0.93 (14/1500), respectively, in the years 2014 and 2015. Meanwhile, there was no association between the MAP seroprevalence and the sampling regions or years at farm or individual level. The seroprevalence data revealed in this study highlighted the rising prevalence of caprine MAP and the link of MAP to farmed ruminant species and its possible implications in hygienic aspects.
{"title":"SEROPREVALENCE AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM SUBSPECIES PARATUBERCULOSIS IN FARMED GOATS IN CENTRAL-SOUTHERN TAIWAN","authors":"Heng-Ching Lin, W. H. Chong, Han-Hsiang Huang, C. Chou, Yi-Lun Tsai, Chishih Chu, Wen-Ling Shih, J. Lai, Yaochi Su","doi":"10.1142/S1682648518500087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1682648518500087","url":null,"abstract":"Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) are Gram positive, aerobic, acid-fast, catalase positive bacteria. The Johne’s disease, caused by MAP, is a wasting disease found in all ruminants including cattle, sheep, goats, deer, camelids and wildlife ruminants. MAP has attracted hygienic attention due to the link between Crohn’s disease (CD) in humans and MAP presence in the gut of patients. The aims of this study are to investigate and monitor the serological prevalence and molecular identification rate of MAP in caprine feces and verify the MAP-negative goat farms in central-southern Taiwan. A total of 8486 blood samples were randomly collected between the years 2011 and 2015 from 321 caprine farms. The serum samples were assessed by commercial ELISA while 3015 fecal samples from 201 anti-MAP antibodies (MAP-Ab) negative herds were further molecularly examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from year 2014 to 2015. The individual seroprevalence rate of caprine MAP in 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 was 0% (0/1032), 0% (0/429), 0% (0/1402), 0.14% (4/2917) and 0.07% (2/2706), respectively. Molecular identification rate of MAP in caprine fecal samples at MAP-Ab negative farms accounted for 0.92% (14/1515) and 0.93 (14/1500), respectively, in the years 2014 and 2015. Meanwhile, there was no association between the MAP seroprevalence and the sampling regions or years at farm or individual level. The seroprevalence data revealed in this study highlighted the rising prevalence of caprine MAP and the link of MAP to farmed ruminant species and its possible implications in hygienic aspects.","PeriodicalId":22157,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Veterinary Journal","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91252248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-30DOI: 10.1142/S1682648518720010
Scott Miller, A. Stern, J. Pieper
Chemical sterilization is an alternative method to traditional surgical castration for means of canine population control. Zinc gluconate neutralized with arginine is an easy and cost-effective int...
化学绝育是替代传统手术阉割的一种控制犬类数量的方法。用精氨酸中和葡萄糖酸锌是一种简单而经济的方法。
{"title":"ADVERSE REACTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH A NON-SURGICAL CHEMICAL STERILANT IN FOUR DOGS","authors":"Scott Miller, A. Stern, J. Pieper","doi":"10.1142/S1682648518720010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1682648518720010","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical sterilization is an alternative method to traditional surgical castration for means of canine population control. Zinc gluconate neutralized with arginine is an easy and cost-effective int...","PeriodicalId":22157,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"159-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88633992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-30DOI: 10.1142/S168264851850004X
Ai-Ping Hsu, C. Tseng, Yu-Hua Shih, K. Tsai, Yi-Ta Lu, C. Chou, W. Tu, H. Tsai
The outbreaks of Taiwan ferret badger rabies reported in 2013 terminated the “rabies-free” status of Taiwan. Subsequent phylogenetic and divergence analyses have demonstrated that Taiwan ferret badger rabies virus (RABV-TWFB) might have emerged 100 years previously; however, most rabies cases were restricted to the Formosan ferret badger. In this study, pathogenic characteristics of mouse intracranial median lethal dose (MICLD[Formula: see text], median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID[Formula: see text], mortality development patterns, and peripheral infection of RABV-TWFB were evaluated in experimental rodents. The results revealed that RABV-TWFB had low MICLD[Formula: see text] titers, whereas TCID[Formula: see text] titers could not be determined. Compared with the typical street rabies virus, the overall mortality development patterns were later onset and slower progression. RABV-TWFB was unable to produce peripheral infection in the experimental rodents. Taken together, RABV-TWFB was less virulent to experimental rodents than other more typical RABV strains. To provide more appropriate strategies for epidemics management, the pathogenic properties of RABV-TWFB should be further investigated using ferret badgers and sympatric animals as models.
{"title":"PATHOGENICITY OF TAIWAN FERRET BADGER RABIES VIRUS IN RODENTS","authors":"Ai-Ping Hsu, C. Tseng, Yu-Hua Shih, K. Tsai, Yi-Ta Lu, C. Chou, W. Tu, H. Tsai","doi":"10.1142/S168264851850004X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S168264851850004X","url":null,"abstract":"The outbreaks of Taiwan ferret badger rabies reported in 2013 terminated the “rabies-free” status of Taiwan. Subsequent phylogenetic and divergence analyses have demonstrated that Taiwan ferret badger rabies virus (RABV-TWFB) might have emerged 100 years previously; however, most rabies cases were restricted to the Formosan ferret badger. In this study, pathogenic characteristics of mouse intracranial median lethal dose (MICLD[Formula: see text], median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID[Formula: see text], mortality development patterns, and peripheral infection of RABV-TWFB were evaluated in experimental rodents. The results revealed that RABV-TWFB had low MICLD[Formula: see text] titers, whereas TCID[Formula: see text] titers could not be determined. Compared with the typical street rabies virus, the overall mortality development patterns were later onset and slower progression. RABV-TWFB was unable to produce peripheral infection in the experimental rodents. Taken together, RABV-TWFB was less virulent to experimental rodents than other more typical RABV strains. To provide more appropriate strategies for epidemics management, the pathogenic properties of RABV-TWFB should be further investigated using ferret badgers and sympatric animals as models.","PeriodicalId":22157,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Veterinary Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75342208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-30DOI: 10.1142/S1682648518500051
Han-Syuan Lin, Shiun-Long Lin, F. Chang
In humans, autologous serum (AS) eye drops has been applied for the treatment of refractory keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) for several decades. However, there are few researches to investigate the AS eye drops in dogs with KCS. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of AS eye drops on treatment of KCS in dogs. Eighteen eyes of ten client-owned dogs with refractory KCS were used in this study. Schirmer tear test (STT), tear film breakup time (TBUT), fluorescein (FL) staining score, and Rose Bengal (RB) staining score were used to measure the status of cornea prospectively at baseline and 1–3 months after treatment. Additionally, the results were further stratified by their STT value, sex, and age. The results indicated that the mean TBUT, FL staining score, and RB staining score were significantly improved after treatment except STT. In 18 eyes, 77.8% eyes had decreased mucopurulent ocular discharge and 38.9% eyes got wet. Besides, both TBUT and RB staining score were significantly improved in a subgroup of dogs with age less than 9 years old. As far as we know, this study is the first trial to determine the efficacy and safety of 20% AS eye drops for cKCS. In conclusion, AS eye drops seemed to be effective and safe for dogs with KCS, and it could improve tear film stability, ocular surface health, and subjective clinical symptoms, especially in dogs younger than 9 years old.
{"title":"EFFECTS OF AUTOLOGOUS SERUM EYE DROPS FOR TREATMENT OF KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA IN DOGS","authors":"Han-Syuan Lin, Shiun-Long Lin, F. Chang","doi":"10.1142/S1682648518500051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1682648518500051","url":null,"abstract":"In humans, autologous serum (AS) eye drops has been applied for the treatment of refractory keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) for several decades. However, there are few researches to investigate the AS eye drops in dogs with KCS. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of AS eye drops on treatment of KCS in dogs. Eighteen eyes of ten client-owned dogs with refractory KCS were used in this study. Schirmer tear test (STT), tear film breakup time (TBUT), fluorescein (FL) staining score, and Rose Bengal (RB) staining score were used to measure the status of cornea prospectively at baseline and 1–3 months after treatment. Additionally, the results were further stratified by their STT value, sex, and age. The results indicated that the mean TBUT, FL staining score, and RB staining score were significantly improved after treatment except STT. In 18 eyes, 77.8% eyes had decreased mucopurulent ocular discharge and 38.9% eyes got wet. Besides, both TBUT and RB staining score were significantly improved in a subgroup of dogs with age less than 9 years old. As far as we know, this study is the first trial to determine the efficacy and safety of 20% AS eye drops for cKCS. In conclusion, AS eye drops seemed to be effective and safe for dogs with KCS, and it could improve tear film stability, ocular surface health, and subjective clinical symptoms, especially in dogs younger than 9 years old.","PeriodicalId":22157,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Veterinary Journal","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87973518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-30DOI: 10.1142/S1682648518500038
Chia-Hsin Hsu, I-Li Liu, Cheng-Chi Liu, Bang-Hung Liu, M. Pan, Chen-Si Lin
Leptospirosis is an important infectious zoonosis that may cause life-threatening illness in both humans and animals. This study aimed to identify the serovars of Leptospira using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and the effect of season on serum-positive cases detected in National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital from August 2008 to September 2015. This study also compared the characteristics of serum-positive and serum-negative cases. Among 159 suspected cases, 78 serum-positive (MAT titer [Formula: see text]) and 81 serum-negative cases were identified. In serum-positive cases, the most common pathogenic serovars were Canicola (18.2%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (23.6%), and Shermani (20.0%). Significantly more serum-positive cases were identified in fall (September to November) than other seasons ([Formula: see text]). Dogs aged 1–5 years (odds ratio [Formula: see text] 1.7) were more likely to be identified as being serum-positive cases of canine leptospirosis than serum-negative cases. However, no significant difference was observed regarding breed, gender, and regional distribution. The serum concentrations of liver enzymes, total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine were elevated in both serum-positive and serum-negative cases, with no significance. White blood cell (WBC) counts of serum-positive cases were statistically higher than those of serum-negative cases ([Formula: see text]). In conclusion, more precaution must be taken with dogs aged 1–5 years because of their higher risk of leptospirosis; additionally, significantly elevated WBC count may be a suitable indicator in suspected cases of canine leptospirosis.
{"title":"SEROEPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY OF CANINE LEPTOSPIROSIS IN NORTHERN TAIWAN DURING 2008–2015","authors":"Chia-Hsin Hsu, I-Li Liu, Cheng-Chi Liu, Bang-Hung Liu, M. Pan, Chen-Si Lin","doi":"10.1142/S1682648518500038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1682648518500038","url":null,"abstract":"Leptospirosis is an important infectious zoonosis that may cause life-threatening illness in both humans and animals. This study aimed to identify the serovars of Leptospira using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and the effect of season on serum-positive cases detected in National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital from August 2008 to September 2015. This study also compared the characteristics of serum-positive and serum-negative cases. Among 159 suspected cases, 78 serum-positive (MAT titer [Formula: see text]) and 81 serum-negative cases were identified. In serum-positive cases, the most common pathogenic serovars were Canicola (18.2%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (23.6%), and Shermani (20.0%). Significantly more serum-positive cases were identified in fall (September to November) than other seasons ([Formula: see text]). Dogs aged 1–5 years (odds ratio [Formula: see text] 1.7) were more likely to be identified as being serum-positive cases of canine leptospirosis than serum-negative cases. However, no significant difference was observed regarding breed, gender, and regional distribution. The serum concentrations of liver enzymes, total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine were elevated in both serum-positive and serum-negative cases, with no significance. White blood cell (WBC) counts of serum-positive cases were statistically higher than those of serum-negative cases ([Formula: see text]). In conclusion, more precaution must be taken with dogs aged 1–5 years because of their higher risk of leptospirosis; additionally, significantly elevated WBC count may be a suitable indicator in suspected cases of canine leptospirosis.","PeriodicalId":22157,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Veterinary Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86878645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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