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Identifying Barriers to Mental Health Services Utilization for Black Youth in the United States: A Qualitative Study 识别美国黑人青年利用心理健康服务的障碍:定性研究
Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.25172/jour.8.1.3
Mental health in Black communities and racial/ethnic disparities in mental health service utilization remain growing concerns. Evidence suggests that psychotic disorders may be more prevalent among Black individuals than white individuals and the Black community faces barriers to care that can negatively influence outcomes. To better understand these barriers, we interviewed mental healthcare providers (n = 11) and Black young adults with first-person experience of psychosis (n = 13) about the experiences of minority young adults with mental health treatment. We analyzed interview transcripts and, consistent with constructivist grounded theory methods, identified iterative patterns across individuals about barriers to care. From the 11 mental healthcare providers and 13 Black young adults in the present analyses, five overarching themes emerged: lack of knowledge about mental health helpseeking, material resource unavailability, stigma, lack of family support, and trauma. These themes represented factors that dissuaded individuals from seeking care and must be addressed to improve engagement and outcomes for minority young adults. Innovative approaches to improving mental health literacy and decreasing stigma, along with systemic, policy-based economic changes, may provide starting points for effectively addressing these barriers.
黑人社区的心理健康以及心理健康服务利用方面的种族/族裔差异仍然是日益严重的问题。有证据表明,精神病性障碍在黑人中的发病率可能高于白人,而黑人社区面临的医疗障碍可能会对治疗效果产生负面影响。为了更好地了解这些障碍,我们采访了精神医疗服务提供者(n = 11)和有精神病第一亲身经历的黑人年轻人(n = 13),了解少数民族年轻人接受精神健康治疗的经历。我们对访谈记录进行了分析,并根据建构主义基础理论方法,确定了不同个体在治疗障碍方面的迭代模式。在本次分析中,我们从 11 位心理健康医疗服务提供者和 13 位黑人青壮年的访谈中总结出了五大主题:缺乏心理健康求助知识、物质资源匮乏、污名化、缺乏家庭支持以及心理创伤。这些主题代表了阻碍个人寻求医疗服务的因素,必须加以解决,以提高少数群体青壮年的参与度和结果。提高心理健康素养和减少污名化的创新方法,以及以政策为基础的系统性经济变革,可以为有效解决这些障碍提供起点。
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引用次数: 0
Thriving in College: International, First-Generation, and Transfer Students 在大学中茁壮成长:国际学生、第一代学生和转校生
Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.25172/jour.8.1.4
Webb Hannah, Nikita Kulkarni
Underrepresented-student groups experience unique challenges throughout their college experience, the impacts of which can be assessed by measuring students’ levels of thriving. The purpose of this study was to understand the thriving of underrepresented college students—first-generation, international, and transfer students, specifically. To understand this, we sought to measure students’ thriving levels and determine the experiences contributing to or detracting from their perception of thriving. This study utilized a sequential exploratory design using the established 72-item thriving quotient survey to measure students’ overall thriving levels. In addition, the study utilized a qualitative content analysis on an open-ended question asking participants to describe contributory experiences. The results show variation among first-generation, international, and transfer students. Our findings reveal first-generation students to have the lowest overall levels of thriving among the underrepresented-student groups, international students to suffer most in social connectedness, and transfer students to be thriving the most. Finally, our content analysis reveals six emergent themes of experiences contributing to the students’ perception of their thriving levels: university support, policies, and procedures; faculty and assignments; life events; concern over money and finances; self-confidence; and belonging.
少数学生群体在整个大学生活中都会遇到独特的挑战,其影响可以通过衡量学生的茁壮成长水平来评估。本研究的目的就是要了解大学生--特别是第一代学生、国际学生和转校生--的茁壮成长情况。为了了解这一点,我们试图测量学生的茁壮成长水平,并确定哪些经历会促进或削弱他们对茁壮成长的感知。本研究采用了连续探索性设计,使用已确立的 72 项茁壮商数调查来测量学生的整体茁壮水平。此外,本研究还对一个开放式问题进行了定性内容分析,该问题要求参与者描述促成茁壮成长的经历。结果显示,第一代学生、国际学生和转校生之间存在差异。我们的研究结果表明,在代表性不足的学生群体中,第一代学生的总体茁壮成长水平最低,国际学生在社会联系方面受到的影响最大,而转校生的茁壮成长水平最高。最后,我们的内容分析揭示了导致学生认为自己茁壮成长的六个经验主题:大学支持、政策和程序;教师和作业;生活事件;对金钱和财务的担忧;自信心;以及归属感。
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引用次数: 0
Cognitive Reappraisal is Associated with Lower Dysphoria Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic 认知重评与 COVID-19 大流行期间较低的焦虑症状有关
Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.25172/jour.8.1.2
Nadia Armstrong, Diane Moon
The COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented mental health concerns generally, but particularly for young adults navigating an already fluctuating and uncertain period of their lives. While there are many factors related to mental health, it is well-documented that emotion regulation– the ability to modulate an emotion or set of emotions– and risk perception appear to be relevant to the development, maintenance, and treatment of psychopathology. The current study aimed to assess the relationship between emotion regulation processes, COVID-19 risk perception, and dysphoria symptoms during the early months of the pandemic. Between April - May 2020, 243 undergraduate participants completed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the dysphoria subscale of the IDAS-II, and questions about their perceived risk of COVID-19. Two subfacets of emotion regulation known as cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression were analyzed specifically. Results indicated, contrary to hypotheses, no significant interaction between cognitive reappraisal and risk perception on dysphoria, nor was there a significant interaction between expressive suppression and risk perception on dysphoria. However, there were significant main effects of cognitive reappraisal on dysphoria and expressive suppression on dysphoria indicating cognitive reappraisal may be a more beneficial emotion strategy for maintaining mental health.
COVID-19 大流行给人们的心理健康带来了前所未有的担忧,尤其是对那些正处于人生波动和不确定时期的年轻人而言。虽然与心理健康相关的因素有很多,但情绪调节--调节一种情绪或一系列情绪的能力--和风险认知似乎与精神病理学的发展、维持和治疗有关,这一点已得到充分证实。本研究旨在评估大流行初期几个月内情绪调节过程、COVID-19 风险感知和焦虑症状之间的关系。在 2020 年 4 月至 5 月期间,243 名本科生参与者完成了情绪调节问卷、IDAS-II 抑郁症分量表以及有关 COVID-19 风险感知的问题。研究人员具体分析了情绪调节的两个子集,即认知重评和表达抑制。结果表明,与假设相反,认知重评和风险感知在焦虑症上没有显著的交互作用,表达抑制和风险感知在焦虑症上也没有显著的交互作用。然而,认知重评对焦虑症的主效应和表达抑制对焦虑症的主效应都很明显,这表明认知重评可能是一种更有利于保持心理健康的情绪策略。
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引用次数: 0
Radon Plate-out and the Effects of Airflow and Electric Charge for Dark Matter Experiments 暗物质实验中的氡板输出以及气流和电荷的影响
Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.25172/jour.8.1.1
Faith Fang
The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (SuperCDMS) is an international collaboration designed to search for and detect dark matter particles, which make up ~85% of the matter in the universe. The plate-out, or deposition of naturally occurring radioactive decay byproducts onto surfaces, can create backgrounds that interfere with dark matter detection experiments. In the first series of these experiments, we analyze the amount of radon progeny, 214Pb and 214Bi, that plate-out on polycarbonate samples while controlling factors such as electric charge and airflow. These samples are exposed to radon-spiked nitrogen gas in a polycarbonate wind tunnel to simulate plate-out conditions in a controlled environment. To determine radon progeny plate-out rates for each trial, the initial activity of radon progeny is calculated from the measurements of an Ortec alpha counter. In previous iterations of the experiment, we observed static charge buildup on surfaces, especially polycarbonate. This charge buildup was reduced by the implementation of an electric field source in the wind tunnel, yielding more consistent polycarbonate trials. After neutralizing the electric charge on polycarbonate, the second series of the experiment compares normalized radon daughter plate-out for polycarbonate and copper samples. Copper measurements demonstrated a positive correlation between air speed and radon daughter plate-out rate from speeds of 0 to 60 ft/min, stabilizing at speeds between 0 to 60 ft/min. Acrylic measurements demonstrated no observable relation between air speed and normalized plate-out rates. Results from both results deviate from the linear correlation of air speed and plate-out rate predicted by the Jacobi plate-out model [1]
低温暗物质搜索(SuperCDMS)是一项国际合作项目,旨在搜索和探测占宇宙物质约 85% 的暗物质粒子。自然产生的放射性衰变副产物沉积在表面上,会产生干扰暗物质探测实验的背景。在这些实验的第一个系列中,我们在控制电荷和气流等因素的同时,分析了聚碳酸酯样品上的氡后代 214Pb 和 214Bi 的排出量。这些样品暴露在聚碳酸酯风洞中的氡加标氮气中,以模拟受控环境中的排出条件。为了确定每次试验的氡后代排出率,要根据 Ortec α计数器的测量结果计算出氡后代的初始活度。在之前的迭代实验中,我们观察到表面(尤其是聚碳酸酯)上的静电荷积聚。在风洞中安装电场源后,电荷积聚现象有所减少,聚碳酸酯试验的结果也更加一致。在中和了聚碳酸酯上的电荷后,第二系列实验比较了聚碳酸酯和铜样品的归一化氡子板输出。铜的测量结果表明,在 0 到 60 英尺/分钟的速度范围内,气流速度与氡子板输出率呈正相关,并在 0 到 60 英尺/分钟的速度范围内保持稳定。丙烯酸测量结果表明,气速与归一化平板输出率之间没有明显的关系。这两项结果都偏离了雅各比脱版模型预测的气速与脱版率的线性相关关系[1]。
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引用次数: 0
Volume 8, Issue 1 Front Matter 第 8 卷第 1 期 前言
Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.25172/jour.8.1.5
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引用次数: 0
Conceptualization of an Assessment System to Measure Vocabulary in Science (Project MELVA-S) 科学词汇测量评估体系的构想(MELVA-S项目)
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.25172/jour.7.2.2
Sisi Kang
This paper aims to report the conceptualization of a web-based Automated Speech Recognition Scoring System, project MELVA-S (Measuring the English Language Vocabulary Acquisition of Latinx Bilingual Students), to measure the science vocabulary of second- and third-grade Latinx students. ELVA (English Learner Vocabulary Acquisition First Iteration) and ELVA-2 (English Learner Vocabulary Acquisition Second Iteration) focused on student’s learning and comprehension on science vocabularies. Both of the iterations are the foundation to build MELVA-S, which intends to measure and evaluate student’s answers with greater accuracy with Machine Learning. As a web-based agent, this system increases satisfaction for both teachers’ and students’ User Experience (UX) from content, design, and engineering perspectives. The project utilized a design-thinking approach and prototyped both the algorithm and the automated system interfaces. Future iterations of ELVA-2 and MELVA-S could consider adopting a Human-Centered Machine Learning approach, implemented with incremental improvements that include evaluation and testing with users, to keep enhancing both usability and functionality of the system for better UX.
本文旨在报告基于网络的自动语音识别评分系统MELVA-S(测量拉丁裔双语学生的英语语言词汇习得)项目的概念,以测量二年级和三年级拉丁裔学生的科学词汇。ELVA(英语学习者词汇习得第一次迭代)和ELVA-2(英语学习者词汇习得第二次迭代)关注学生对科学词汇的学习和理解。这两个迭代都是构建MELVA-S的基础,MELVA-S旨在通过机器学习更准确地测量和评估学生的答案。作为一个基于web的代理,该系统从内容、设计和工程的角度提高了教师和学生的用户体验(UX)满意度。该项目利用了设计思维方法,并对算法和自动化系统接口进行了原型设计。ELVA-2和MELVA-S的未来迭代可以考虑采用以人为中心的机器学习方法,通过包括用户评估和测试在内的增量改进来实现,以不断增强系统的可用性和功能,以获得更好的用户体验。
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引用次数: 0
Volume 7, Issue 2 Front Matter 第七卷,第2期
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.25172/jour.7.2.6
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引用次数: 0
Design and Development of Ruthenium-Based Catalysts for Enabling Hydrogen Storage 钌基储氢催化剂的设计与开发
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.25172/jour.7.2.1
I. Beaudoin
For past decades, hydrocarbon-based fuels have been the primary source of energy as a necessity for modern machines and automotive vehicles. Despite use in combustion engines and power plants, fossil fuels reserves are unpredictable and the associated CO2 emissions are now causing terrible effects on the environment and human health. Researchers have realized H2 as a potentially safe and efficient energy source, with an energy density of 33.3 kWh per kg. Moreover, H2 is significantly more environmentally friendly as H2O is the only by-product. Currently, the development of on-board storage technology is progress for use in the transportation industry. The chemical storage of hydrogen, in which H2 is bound to a carrier molecule, provides a more practical and safer method to store and release immense amounts of H2. Ammonia Borane (H3N-BH3, AB) is a useful material for storing up to 19.6 wt% of and 0.145kg L-1 of H2 with the ability to release H2 under mild ambient conditions through exposure to a suitable catalyst. This project investigates the use of pyrazole-based compounds as ligands for η6-arene Ru-complexes in order to formulate efficient catalysts for AB dehydrogenation. Pyrazoles are interesting diaza-five member heterocycles and have strong electron-donating properties. Mono- and di-coordinating substituted pyrazole complexes and an unusual Cl-bridging dimeric Ru complex were successfully synthesized and characterized (NMR, ESI-MS and X-ray diffraction crystallography) before undergoing evaluation for AB dehydrogenation studies in a high-pressure stainless steel reactor. The dimeric Ru Cl-bridging catalyst released the largest H2 equivalent per mol of AB with 1.45 with a total of 7.82 bar of H2 pressure, proving to be the most successful catalyst in the series. However, from the H2 release profiles, it appears that catalysts undergo slow transformation where it is possible that the pyrazole ligands are lost. Further mechanistic studies are required to determine the decomposition process.
在过去的几十年里,碳氢化合物燃料作为现代机器和汽车的必需品一直是主要的能源来源。尽管化石燃料用于内燃机和发电厂,但其储量是不可预测的,与之相关的二氧化碳排放正在对环境和人类健康造成可怕的影响。研究人员已经意识到氢气是一种潜在的安全高效的能源,能量密度为每公斤33.3千瓦时。此外,氢气是明显更环保的,因为水是唯一的副产品。目前,车载存储技术的发展正在向运输行业的应用迈进。氢的化学储存,其中H2与载体分子结合,提供了一种更实用和更安全的方法来储存和释放大量的H2。氨硼烷(H3N-BH3, AB)是一种有用的材料,可以储存高达19.6% wt%和0.145kg L-1的H2,并且能够在温和的环境条件下通过暴露于合适的催化剂释放H2。本项目研究了吡唑基化合物作为η - 6-芳烃ru配合物的配体,以制备高效的AB脱氢催化剂。吡唑是一种有趣的重氮五元杂环,具有很强的给电子性质。成功合成了单配位取代吡唑配合物和双配位取代吡唑配合物以及一种罕见的cl -桥接二聚钌配合物,并对其进行了表征(NMR, ESI-MS和x射线衍射晶体学),然后在高压不锈钢反应器中进行了AB脱氢研究的评估。二聚体Ru - cl桥接催化剂每mol AB释放的H2当量最大,为1.45,总H2压力为7.82 bar,是该系列催化剂中最成功的。然而,从H2释放谱来看,催化剂似乎经历了缓慢的转化,吡唑配体有可能丢失。需要进一步的机理研究来确定分解过程。
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引用次数: 0
Arthur Cotton and the Development of Public Works 亚瑟·科顿和公共工程的发展
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.25172/jour.7.2.5
Justin Patty
In the long history of violence and cruelty that defined the period of British rule in India, Arthur Cotton is one of the few men remembered today not for his crimes, but for the good he did for the people of India. Cotton’s irrigation projects protected millions of Indians from the threat of famine, but the true legacy of his work is global in scope. As a major figure in the development of India’s infrastructure for most of the nineteenth century, Cotton witnessed the British Empire struggle with questions about its role in facilitating public works projects. Despite the Empire’s dedication to the principles of free-market capitalism for issues relating to India, by the final decades of the nineteenth century the British had recognized the need for government- funded infrastructure projects, and they became the first modern nation to leverage public debt for major infrastructure projects. Arthur Cotton played an instrumental role in the development of state-supported public works through his highly successful irrigation projects on the Cauvery and Godavari rivers, promoting the success of these projects in his writing, and by providing a solution to the challenge of developing Indian cotton agriculture.
在英国统治印度的漫长暴力和残酷历史中,亚瑟·科顿(Arthur Cotton)是今天被铭记的少数几个人之一,不是因为他的罪行,而是因为他为印度人民所做的好事。科顿的灌溉项目保护了数百万印第安人免受饥荒的威胁,但他的工作真正的遗产是全球性的。作为19世纪大部分时间里印度基础设施发展的主要人物,科顿见证了大英帝国在促进公共工程项目方面的角色问题上的挣扎。尽管大英帝国致力于自由市场资本主义原则来处理与印度有关的问题,但到19世纪最后几十年,英国人已经认识到政府资助基础设施项目的必要性,他们成为第一个利用公共债务来进行重大基础设施项目的现代国家。亚瑟·科顿通过在高韦里河和戈达瓦里河上非常成功的灌溉项目,在国家支持的公共工程的发展中发挥了重要作用,在他的作品中促进了这些项目的成功,并为发展印度棉花农业的挑战提供了解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
BTK: A Case Study in Psychopathy BTK:一个关于精神病的案例研究
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.25172/jour.7.2.4
Matthew Hutnyan
Psychopathy and serial murder have been topics of great public interest and media attention for several decades. Dennis Rader, a serial killer well-known by his pseudonym “BTK,” was responsible for the gruesome torture and murder of ten people between 1974 and 1991. Although some information is known about him through media accounts, little work has been done to synthesize information about his life and crimes, and to examine him as a case study of psychopathy. Through careful literature review and analysis, this study aims to provide insight into Rader’s life and crimes, and to delineate his psychopathology to gain a better understanding of psychopathy. The results of this case study indicate that Dennis Rader exhibited many features of psychopathy, as well as antisocial and narcissistic personality disorders. This case study has important implications for the public perception of psychopathy and serial murderers, and the investigation of individual psychopaths, emphasizing the value of a comprehensive review of an individual’s life factors in relation to their criminal behavior.
几十年来,精神病和连环谋杀一直是公众感兴趣和媒体关注的话题。丹尼斯·雷德,一个以笔名“BTK”闻名的连环杀手,在1974年到1991年期间对10人进行了可怕的折磨和谋杀。虽然通过媒体报道了解了一些关于他的信息,但很少有人综合他的生活和犯罪信息,并将他作为一个精神病患者进行研究。本研究旨在通过仔细的文献回顾和分析,深入了解雷德的生活和罪行,并描绘他的精神病理,从而更好地理解精神病。本个案研究结果表明,Dennis Rader表现出许多精神病的特征,以及反社会和自恋型人格障碍。本案例研究对公众对精神病患者和连环杀人犯的认知以及对精神病患者个体的调查具有重要意义,强调了对个人生活因素与犯罪行为相关的全面审查的价值。
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引用次数: 0
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SMU Journal of Undergraduate Research
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