L. Clemente, Marianna la Rocca, Giulia Paparella, M. Delussi, Giusy Tancredi, K. Ricci, Giuseppe Procida, Alessandro Introna, Antonio Brunetti, Paolo Taurisano, Vitoantonio Bevilacqua, M. de Tommaso
In the field of neuroscience, brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) are used to connect the human brain with external devices, providing insights into the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive processes, including aesthetic perception. Non-invasive BCIs, such as EEG and fNIRS, are critical for studying central nervous system activity and understanding how individuals with cognitive deficits process and respond to aesthetic stimuli. This study assessed twenty participants who were divided into control and impaired aging (AI) groups based on MMSE scores. EEG and fNIRS were used to measure their neurophysiological responses to aesthetic stimuli that varied in pleasantness and dynamism. Significant differences were identified between the groups in P300 amplitude and late positive potential (LPP), with controls showing greater reactivity. AI subjects showed an increase in oxyhemoglobin in response to pleasurable stimuli, suggesting hemodynamic compensation. This study highlights the effectiveness of multimodal BCIs in identifying the neural basis of aesthetic appreciation and impaired aging. Despite its limitations, such as sample size and the subjective nature of aesthetic appreciation, this research lays the groundwork for cognitive rehabilitation tailored to aesthetic perception, improving the comprehension of cognitive disorders through integrated BCI methodologies.
{"title":"Exploring Aesthetic Perception in Impaired Aging: A Multimodal Brain—Computer Interface Study","authors":"L. Clemente, Marianna la Rocca, Giulia Paparella, M. Delussi, Giusy Tancredi, K. Ricci, Giuseppe Procida, Alessandro Introna, Antonio Brunetti, Paolo Taurisano, Vitoantonio Bevilacqua, M. de Tommaso","doi":"10.3390/s24072329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072329","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of neuroscience, brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) are used to connect the human brain with external devices, providing insights into the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive processes, including aesthetic perception. Non-invasive BCIs, such as EEG and fNIRS, are critical for studying central nervous system activity and understanding how individuals with cognitive deficits process and respond to aesthetic stimuli. This study assessed twenty participants who were divided into control and impaired aging (AI) groups based on MMSE scores. EEG and fNIRS were used to measure their neurophysiological responses to aesthetic stimuli that varied in pleasantness and dynamism. Significant differences were identified between the groups in P300 amplitude and late positive potential (LPP), with controls showing greater reactivity. AI subjects showed an increase in oxyhemoglobin in response to pleasurable stimuli, suggesting hemodynamic compensation. This study highlights the effectiveness of multimodal BCIs in identifying the neural basis of aesthetic appreciation and impaired aging. Despite its limitations, such as sample size and the subjective nature of aesthetic appreciation, this research lays the groundwork for cognitive rehabilitation tailored to aesthetic perception, improving the comprehension of cognitive disorders through integrated BCI methodologies.","PeriodicalId":221960,"journal":{"name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"450 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140778835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ye Kuang, Shuaihui Wang, Yan Gao, Boqian Xu, Shuyan Xu
On-orbit assembling space telescope (OAST) is one of the most feasible methods to implement a large-scale space telescope. Unlike a monolithic space telescope (such as Hubble Space Telescope, HST) or a deployable space telescope (such as James Webb Space Telescope, JWST), OAST can be assembled in the spatial environment. To ensure proper telescope performance, OAST must be equipped with a large deployable sunshade. In order to verify the technology of the OAST, the authors propose a modular space telescope on the China Space Station (CSS) and design a deployable sunshade. The deployable mechanism of the sunshade is made up of a radial deployable mechanism and an axial deployable mechanism. The paper describes the overall design approach, the key component technologies, and the design and preliminary testing of a part of the deployable sunshade assembly.
{"title":"Design and Preliminary Ground Experiment for Deployable Sunshade Structures of a Modular Space Telescope","authors":"Ye Kuang, Shuaihui Wang, Yan Gao, Boqian Xu, Shuyan Xu","doi":"10.3390/s24072280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072280","url":null,"abstract":"On-orbit assembling space telescope (OAST) is one of the most feasible methods to implement a large-scale space telescope. Unlike a monolithic space telescope (such as Hubble Space Telescope, HST) or a deployable space telescope (such as James Webb Space Telescope, JWST), OAST can be assembled in the spatial environment. To ensure proper telescope performance, OAST must be equipped with a large deployable sunshade. In order to verify the technology of the OAST, the authors propose a modular space telescope on the China Space Station (CSS) and design a deployable sunshade. The deployable mechanism of the sunshade is made up of a radial deployable mechanism and an axial deployable mechanism. The paper describes the overall design approach, the key component technologies, and the design and preliminary testing of a part of the deployable sunshade assembly.","PeriodicalId":221960,"journal":{"name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"310 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140779824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
João F. Chaves, L. F. Noris, E. Yokoyama, F. Osorio G., Leonardo A. F. Mendoza, J. F. Araujo
Magnetic Scanning Microscopy (MSM) emerged with the aim of allowing the visualization of magnetic fields of a sample or material through scanning and proved particularly useful for geology, biomedicine, characterization of magnetic materials, and in the steel industry. In this regard, the reading system of an MSM was modified using a μ-metal magnetic shielding structure to analyze remanent fields. The MSM was adapted to perform readings using two different types of sensors. The sensitive area of the sensors was evaluated, and the HQ-0811 (AKM—Asahi KaseiTM Microdevices) and STJ-010 (Micro MagneticsTM) sensors were chosen, with the HQ-0811 standardized on Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) to facilitate handling and increase the system’s robustness. In the shielded chamber, two piezoelectric ANC-150 stepper motors (Attocube Systems) were used, arranged planarly, to allow the movement of the analyzed samples under the mounted sensors. To acquire data from the sensors, the Precision Current Source Model 6220 and the Nanovoltmeter Model 2182A (both from Keithley) were used, along with Keithley’s Delta-Mode integrated system. To analyze the system’s effectiveness, three distinct samples were analyzed for calibration, and a MATLAB program was written to analyze the images and extract the material’s magnetization. Additionally, a rock sample from the Parnaíba Basin was mapped to demonstrate the system’s capabilities.
{"title":"Multisensor Magnetic Scanning Microscope for Remanent Magnetic Field Measurements","authors":"João F. Chaves, L. F. Noris, E. Yokoyama, F. Osorio G., Leonardo A. F. Mendoza, J. F. Araujo","doi":"10.3390/s24072294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072294","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic Scanning Microscopy (MSM) emerged with the aim of allowing the visualization of magnetic fields of a sample or material through scanning and proved particularly useful for geology, biomedicine, characterization of magnetic materials, and in the steel industry. In this regard, the reading system of an MSM was modified using a μ-metal magnetic shielding structure to analyze remanent fields. The MSM was adapted to perform readings using two different types of sensors. The sensitive area of the sensors was evaluated, and the HQ-0811 (AKM—Asahi KaseiTM Microdevices) and STJ-010 (Micro MagneticsTM) sensors were chosen, with the HQ-0811 standardized on Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) to facilitate handling and increase the system’s robustness. In the shielded chamber, two piezoelectric ANC-150 stepper motors (Attocube Systems) were used, arranged planarly, to allow the movement of the analyzed samples under the mounted sensors. To acquire data from the sensors, the Precision Current Source Model 6220 and the Nanovoltmeter Model 2182A (both from Keithley) were used, along with Keithley’s Delta-Mode integrated system. To analyze the system’s effectiveness, three distinct samples were analyzed for calibration, and a MATLAB program was written to analyze the images and extract the material’s magnetization. Additionally, a rock sample from the Parnaíba Basin was mapped to demonstrate the system’s capabilities.","PeriodicalId":221960,"journal":{"name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"157 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140782730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ground settlement (GS) in an oil tank determines its structural integrity and commercial service. However, GS monitoring faces challenges, particularly due to the significant temperature differences induced by solar radiation around the tank in daytime. To address this problem, this paper digs out a prior and proposes a temperature uncertainty reduction algorithm based on that. This prior has a spatial Gaussian distribution of temperature around the tank, and numerical simulation and practical tests are conducted to demonstrate it. In addition, combining uniformly packaged sensor probes and the spatial prior of temperature, the temperature uncertainty is verified to be Gaussian-distributed too. Then, the overall temperature uncertainty can be captured by Gaussian fitting and then removed. The practical test verified a 91% reduction rate in temperature uncertainty, and this approach enables GS sensors to effectively perform daytime monitoring by mitigating temperature-related uncertainties.
{"title":"Temperature Uncertainty Reduction Algorithm Based on Temperature Distribution Prior for Optical Sensors in Oil Tank Ground Settlement Monitoring","authors":"Tao Liu, Tao Jiang, Gang Liu, Changsen Sun","doi":"10.3390/s24072341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072341","url":null,"abstract":"Ground settlement (GS) in an oil tank determines its structural integrity and commercial service. However, GS monitoring faces challenges, particularly due to the significant temperature differences induced by solar radiation around the tank in daytime. To address this problem, this paper digs out a prior and proposes a temperature uncertainty reduction algorithm based on that. This prior has a spatial Gaussian distribution of temperature around the tank, and numerical simulation and practical tests are conducted to demonstrate it. In addition, combining uniformly packaged sensor probes and the spatial prior of temperature, the temperature uncertainty is verified to be Gaussian-distributed too. Then, the overall temperature uncertainty can be captured by Gaussian fitting and then removed. The practical test verified a 91% reduction rate in temperature uncertainty, and this approach enables GS sensors to effectively perform daytime monitoring by mitigating temperature-related uncertainties.","PeriodicalId":221960,"journal":{"name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"195 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140782841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The multi-layered negative effects caused by pollutants released into the atmosphere as a result of fires served as the stimulus for the development of a system that protects the health of firefighters operating in the affected area. A collaborative network comprising mobile and stationary Internet of Things (IoT) devices that are furnished with gas sensors, along with a remote server, constructs a resilient framework that monitors the concentrations of harmful emissions, characterizes the ambient air quality of the vicinity where the fire transpires, adopting European Air Quality levels, and communicates the outcomes via suitable applications (RESTful APIs and visualizations) to the stakeholders responsible for fire management decision making. Different experimental evaluations adopting separate contexts illustrate the operation of the infrastructure.
火灾释放到大气中的污染物造成了多层次的负面影响，这促使我们开发了一种系统，以保护在受影响地区工作的消防员的健康。由配备气体传感器的移动和固定物联网（IoT）设备组成的协作网络与远程服务器一起，构建了一个弹性框架，该框架可监测有害排放物的浓度，采用欧洲空气质量等级描述火灾发生地附近的环境空气质量，并通过合适的应用程序（RESTful API 和可视化）向负责火灾管理决策的利益相关者传达结果。采用不同环境的不同实验评估说明了基础设施的运行情况。
{"title":"Integrated Portable and Stationary Health Impact-Monitoring System for Firefighters","authors":"Panagiotis Lioliopoulos, Panagiotis Oikonomou, Georgios Boulougaris, Kostas Kolomvatsos","doi":"10.3390/s24072273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072273","url":null,"abstract":"The multi-layered negative effects caused by pollutants released into the atmosphere as a result of fires served as the stimulus for the development of a system that protects the health of firefighters operating in the affected area. A collaborative network comprising mobile and stationary Internet of Things (IoT) devices that are furnished with gas sensors, along with a remote server, constructs a resilient framework that monitors the concentrations of harmful emissions, characterizes the ambient air quality of the vicinity where the fire transpires, adopting European Air Quality levels, and communicates the outcomes via suitable applications (RESTful APIs and visualizations) to the stakeholders responsible for fire management decision making. Different experimental evaluations adopting separate contexts illustrate the operation of the infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":221960,"journal":{"name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"69 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140794913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to achieve efficient recognition of 3D images and reduce the complexity of network parameters, we proposed a novel 3D image recognition method combining deep neural networks with fractional-order Chebyshev moments. Firstly, the fractional-order Chebyshev moment (FrCM) unit, consisting of Chebyshev moments and the three-term recurrence relation method, is calculated separately using successive integrals. Next, moment invariants based on fractional order and Chebyshev moments are utilized to achieve invariants for image scaling, rotation, and translation. This design aims to enhance computational efficiency. Finally, the fused network embedding the FrCM unit (FrCMs-DNNs) extracts depth features to analyze the effectiveness from the aspects of parameter quantity, computing resources, and identification capability. Meanwhile, the Princeton Shape Benchmark dataset and medical images dataset are used for experimental validation. Compared with other deep neural networks, FrCMs-DNNs has the highest accuracy in image recognition and classification. We used two evaluation indices, mean square error (MSE) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), to measure the reconstruction quality of FrCMs after 3D image reconstruction. The accuracy of the FrCMs-DNNs model in 3D object recognition was assessed through an ablation experiment, considering the four evaluation indices of accuracy, precision, recall rate, and F1-score.
为了实现三维图像的高效识别并降低网络参数的复杂性，我们提出了一种将深度神经网络与分数阶切比雪夫矩相结合的新型三维图像识别方法。首先，利用连续积分法分别计算由切比雪夫矩和三项递推关系法组成的分数阶切比雪夫矩（FrCM）单元。然后，利用基于分数阶和切比雪夫矩的矩不变式来实现图像缩放、旋转和平移的不变式。这种设计旨在提高计算效率。最后，嵌入 FrCM 单元的融合网络（FrCMs-DNNs）提取深度特征，从参数量、计算资源和识别能力等方面分析其有效性。同时，实验还使用了普林斯顿形状基准数据集和医学图像数据集进行验证。与其他深度神经网络相比，FrCMs-DNNs 在图像识别和分类方面的准确率最高。我们使用均方误差（MSE）和峰值信噪比（PSNR）这两个评价指标来衡量三维图像重建后 FrCMs 的重建质量。考虑到准确率、精确度、召回率和 F1 分数这四个评价指标，我们通过消融实验评估了 FrCMs-DNNs 模型在三维物体识别中的准确性。
{"title":"Recognition of 3D Images by Fusing Fractional-Order Chebyshev Moments and Deep Neural Networks","authors":"Lin Gao, Xuyang Zhang, Mingrui Zhao, Jinyi Zhang","doi":"10.3390/s24072352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072352","url":null,"abstract":"In order to achieve efficient recognition of 3D images and reduce the complexity of network parameters, we proposed a novel 3D image recognition method combining deep neural networks with fractional-order Chebyshev moments. Firstly, the fractional-order Chebyshev moment (FrCM) unit, consisting of Chebyshev moments and the three-term recurrence relation method, is calculated separately using successive integrals. Next, moment invariants based on fractional order and Chebyshev moments are utilized to achieve invariants for image scaling, rotation, and translation. This design aims to enhance computational efficiency. Finally, the fused network embedding the FrCM unit (FrCMs-DNNs) extracts depth features to analyze the effectiveness from the aspects of parameter quantity, computing resources, and identification capability. Meanwhile, the Princeton Shape Benchmark dataset and medical images dataset are used for experimental validation. Compared with other deep neural networks, FrCMs-DNNs has the highest accuracy in image recognition and classification. We used two evaluation indices, mean square error (MSE) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), to measure the reconstruction quality of FrCMs after 3D image reconstruction. The accuracy of the FrCMs-DNNs model in 3D object recognition was assessed through an ablation experiment, considering the four evaluation indices of accuracy, precision, recall rate, and F1-score.","PeriodicalId":221960,"journal":{"name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140795763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tatyana V. Gritsenko, M. V. Orlova, A. Zhirnov, Yuri A. Konstantinov, A. T. Turov, Fedor L. Barkov, Roman I. Khan, K. Koshelev, Cesare Svelto, Alexey B Pnev
In recent years, attention to the realization of a distributed fiber-optic microphone for the detection and recognition of the human voice has increased, whereby the most popular schemes are based on φ-OTDR. Many issues related to the selection of optimal system parameters and the recognition of registered signals, however, are still unresolved. In this research, we conducted theoretical studies of these issues based on the φ-OTDR mathematical model and verified them with experiments. We designed an algorithm for fiber sensor signal processing, applied a testing kit, and designed a method for the quantitative evaluation of our obtained results. We also proposed a new setup model for lab tests of φ-OTDR single coordinate sensors, which allows for the quick variation of their parameters. As a result, it was possible to define requirements for the best quality of speech recognition; estimation using the percentage of recognized words yielded a value of 96.3%, and estimation with Levenshtein distance provided a value of 15.
{"title":"Detection and Recognition of Voice Commands by a Distributed Acoustic Sensor Based on Phase-Sensitive OTDR in the Smart Home Concept","authors":"Tatyana V. Gritsenko, M. V. Orlova, A. Zhirnov, Yuri A. Konstantinov, A. T. Turov, Fedor L. Barkov, Roman I. Khan, K. Koshelev, Cesare Svelto, Alexey B Pnev","doi":"10.3390/s24072281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072281","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, attention to the realization of a distributed fiber-optic microphone for the detection and recognition of the human voice has increased, whereby the most popular schemes are based on φ-OTDR. Many issues related to the selection of optimal system parameters and the recognition of registered signals, however, are still unresolved. In this research, we conducted theoretical studies of these issues based on the φ-OTDR mathematical model and verified them with experiments. We designed an algorithm for fiber sensor signal processing, applied a testing kit, and designed a method for the quantitative evaluation of our obtained results. We also proposed a new setup model for lab tests of φ-OTDR single coordinate sensors, which allows for the quick variation of their parameters. As a result, it was possible to define requirements for the best quality of speech recognition; estimation using the percentage of recognized words yielded a value of 96.3%, and estimation with Levenshtein distance provided a value of 15.","PeriodicalId":221960,"journal":{"name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"46 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140788820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the process of reverse parking, it is difficult to achieve the ideal reference trajectory while avoiding collision. In this study, with the aim of establishing reference trajectory optimization for automatic reverse parking that smooths and shortens the trajectory length and ensures the berthing inclination angle is small enough, an improved immune moth–flame optimization method based on gene correction is proposed. Specifically, based on the standard automatic parking plane system, a reasonable high-quality reference trajectory optimization model for automatic parking is constructed by combining the cubic spline-fitting method and a boundary-crossing solution based on gene correction integrated into moth–flame optimization. To enhance the model’s global optimization performance, nonlinear decline strategies, including crossover and variation probability and weight coefficient, and a high-quality solution-set maintenance mechanism based on fusion distance are also designed. Taking garage No.160 of the Dalian Shell Museum located in Dalian, Xinghai Square, as the experimental site, experiments on automatic parking reference trajectory optimization and tracking control were carried out. The results show that the proposed optimization algorithm provides higher accuracy for reference trajectory optimization and can achieve better tracking control of the reference trajectory.
{"title":"Improved Immune Moth–Flame Optimization Based on Gene Correction for Automatic Reverse Parking","authors":"Gang Liu, Xinli Xu, Longda Wang","doi":"10.3390/s24072270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072270","url":null,"abstract":"During the process of reverse parking, it is difficult to achieve the ideal reference trajectory while avoiding collision. In this study, with the aim of establishing reference trajectory optimization for automatic reverse parking that smooths and shortens the trajectory length and ensures the berthing inclination angle is small enough, an improved immune moth–flame optimization method based on gene correction is proposed. Specifically, based on the standard automatic parking plane system, a reasonable high-quality reference trajectory optimization model for automatic parking is constructed by combining the cubic spline-fitting method and a boundary-crossing solution based on gene correction integrated into moth–flame optimization. To enhance the model’s global optimization performance, nonlinear decline strategies, including crossover and variation probability and weight coefficient, and a high-quality solution-set maintenance mechanism based on fusion distance are also designed. Taking garage No.160 of the Dalian Shell Museum located in Dalian, Xinghai Square, as the experimental site, experiments on automatic parking reference trajectory optimization and tracking control were carried out. The results show that the proposed optimization algorithm provides higher accuracy for reference trajectory optimization and can achieve better tracking control of the reference trajectory.","PeriodicalId":221960,"journal":{"name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"821 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140787422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Cutti, Maria Grazia Santi, Andrew H. Hansen, Stefania Fatone
The aim of this work was to assess the accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility of a hand-held, structured-light 3D scanner (EINScan Pro 2X Plus with High Definition Prime Pack, SHINING 3D Tech. Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China), to support its potential use in multi-site settings on lower limb prosthetics. Four limb models with different shapes were fabricated and scanned with a metrological 3D scanner (EINScan Laser FreeScan 5X, SHINING 3D Tech. Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China) by a professional operator (OP0). Limb models were then mailed to three sites where two operators (OP1, OP2) scanned them using their own structured-light 3D scanner (same model). OP1 scanned limb models twice (OP1-A, OP1-B). OP0, OP1-A, and OP2 scans were compared for accuracy, OP1-A and OP1-B for repeatability, and OP1-A and OP2 for reproducibility. Among all comparisons, the mean radial error was <0.25 mm, mean angular error was <4°, and root mean square error of the radial distance was <1 mm. Moreover, limits of agreement were <3.5% for perimeters and volumes. By comparing these results with respect to clinically-relevant thresholds and to the literature available on other 3D scanners, we conclude that the EINScan Pro 2X Plus 3D Scanner with High Definition Prime Pack has good accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility, supporting its use in multi-site settings.
这项工作的目的是评估手持式结构光三维扫描仪（EINScan Pro 2X Plus，带高清原色包，信宁三维科技有限公司，中国杭州）的准确性、可重复性和再现性。中国杭州，信宁三维科技有限公司），以支持其在下肢假肢多部位设置中的潜在应用。专业操作员（OP0）制作了四个不同形状的肢体模型，并使用计量三维扫描仪（EINScan Laser FreeScan 5X，信宁三维科技有限公司，中国杭州）进行扫描。然后，肢体模型被邮寄到三个地点，由两名操作员（OP1、OP2）使用自己的结构光三维扫描仪（相同型号）进行扫描。OP1 扫描肢体模型两次（OP1-A、OP1-B）。对 OP0、OP1-A 和 OP2 扫描的准确性进行比较，对 OP1-A 和 OP1-B 扫描的重复性进行比较，对 OP1-A 和 OP2 扫描的再现性进行比较。在所有比较中，平均径向误差小于 0.25 毫米，平均角度误差小于 4°，径向距离的均方根误差小于 1 毫米。此外，周长和体积的一致性均小于 3.5%。通过将这些结果与临床相关阈值和其他三维扫描仪的文献进行比较，我们得出结论：EINScan Pro 2X Plus 三维扫描仪（带高清晰度主件包）具有良好的准确性、可重复性和再现性，支持在多站点环境中使用。
{"title":"Accuracy, Repeatability, and Reproducibility of a Hand-Held Structured-Light 3D Scanner across Multi-Site Settings in Lower Limb Prosthetics","authors":"A. Cutti, Maria Grazia Santi, Andrew H. Hansen, Stefania Fatone","doi":"10.3390/s24072350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072350","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work was to assess the accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility of a hand-held, structured-light 3D scanner (EINScan Pro 2X Plus with High Definition Prime Pack, SHINING 3D Tech. Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China), to support its potential use in multi-site settings on lower limb prosthetics. Four limb models with different shapes were fabricated and scanned with a metrological 3D scanner (EINScan Laser FreeScan 5X, SHINING 3D Tech. Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China) by a professional operator (OP0). Limb models were then mailed to three sites where two operators (OP1, OP2) scanned them using their own structured-light 3D scanner (same model). OP1 scanned limb models twice (OP1-A, OP1-B). OP0, OP1-A, and OP2 scans were compared for accuracy, OP1-A and OP1-B for repeatability, and OP1-A and OP2 for reproducibility. Among all comparisons, the mean radial error was <0.25 mm, mean angular error was <4°, and root mean square error of the radial distance was <1 mm. Moreover, limits of agreement were <3.5% for perimeters and volumes. By comparing these results with respect to clinically-relevant thresholds and to the literature available on other 3D scanners, we conclude that the EINScan Pro 2X Plus 3D Scanner with High Definition Prime Pack has good accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility, supporting its use in multi-site settings.","PeriodicalId":221960,"journal":{"name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"9 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140764327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiao Zhang, Yuting Fu, Jie Li, Yandong Wei, Yu Li, Lu Zheng
Real-time acquisition of location information for agricultural robotic systems is a prerequisite for achieving high-precision intelligent navigation. This paper proposes a data filtering and combined positioning method, and establishes an active screening model. The dynamic and static positioning drift points of the carrier are eliminated or replaced, reducing the complexity of the original Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) output data in the positioning system. Compared with the traditional Kalman filter combined positioning method, the proposed active filtering–Kalman filter algorithm can reduce the maximum distance deviation of the carrier along a straight line from 0.145 m to 0.055 m and along a curve from 0.184 m to 0.0640 m. This study focuses on agricultural robot positioning technology, which has an important influence on the development of smart agriculture.
{"title":"Research on Combined Localization Algorithm Based on Active Screening–Kalman Filtering","authors":"Xiao Zhang, Yuting Fu, Jie Li, Yandong Wei, Yu Li, Lu Zheng","doi":"10.3390/s24072372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072372","url":null,"abstract":"Real-time acquisition of location information for agricultural robotic systems is a prerequisite for achieving high-precision intelligent navigation. This paper proposes a data filtering and combined positioning method, and establishes an active screening model. The dynamic and static positioning drift points of the carrier are eliminated or replaced, reducing the complexity of the original Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) output data in the positioning system. Compared with the traditional Kalman filter combined positioning method, the proposed active filtering–Kalman filter algorithm can reduce the maximum distance deviation of the carrier along a straight line from 0.145 m to 0.055 m and along a curve from 0.184 m to 0.0640 m. This study focuses on agricultural robot positioning technology, which has an important influence on the development of smart agriculture.","PeriodicalId":221960,"journal":{"name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"82 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140769496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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