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Tissue-Specific Regulation of Vesicular Trafficking Mediated by Rab-GEF Complex MON1/CCZ1 From Solanum chilense Increases Salt Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. 拟南芥Rab-GEF复合体MON1/CCZ1介导的组织特异性囊泡运输调控增强了拟南芥的盐胁迫耐受性
IF 6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15229
José Madrid-Espinoza, Josselyn Salinas-Cornejo, Lorena Norambuena, Simón Ruiz-Lara

Salt stress constrains the development and growth of plants. To tolerate it, mechanisms of endocytosis and vacuolar compartmentalization of Na+ are induced. In this work, the genes that encode a putative activator of vesicular trafficking called MON1/CCZ1 from Solanum chilense, SchMON1 and SchCCZ1, were co-expressed in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana to determine whether the increase in prevacuolar vesicular trafficking also increases the Na+ compartmentalization capacity and tolerance. Initially, we demonstrated that both SchMON1 and SchCCZ1 genes rescued the dwarf phenotype of both A. thaliana mon1-1 and ccz1a/b mutants associated with the loss of function, and both proteins colocalized with their functional targets, RabF and RabG, in endosomes. Transgenic A. thaliana plants co-expressing these genes improved salt stress tolerance compared to wild type plants, with SchMON1 contributing the most. At the sub-cellular level, co-expression of SchMON1/SchCCZ1 reduced ROS levels and increased endocytic activity, and number of acidic structures associated with autophagosomes. Notably, greater Na+ accumulation in vacuoles of cortex and endodermis was evidenced in the SchMON1 genotype. Molecular analysis of gene expression in each genotype supported these results. Altogether, our analysis shows that root activation of prevacuolar vesicular trafficking mediated by MON1/CCZ1 emerges as a promising physiological molecular mechanism to increase tolerance to salt stress in crops of economic interest.

盐胁迫限制了植物的发育和生长。为了耐受盐胁迫,需要诱导 Na+ 的内吞和液泡区隔机制。在这项工作中,我们在拟南芥的根中共同表达了编码一种名为 MON1/CCZ1 的液泡运输假定激活剂的基因 SchMON1 和 SchCCZ1,以确定前液泡液泡运输的增加是否也会提高 Na+ 的分隔能力和耐受性。最初,我们证明 SchMON1 和 SchCCZ1 基因都能挽救拟南芥 mon1-1 和 ccz1a/b 突变体与功能缺失相关的矮小表型,并且这两种蛋白都与其功能靶标 RabF 和 RabG 共同定位在内质体中。与野生型植物相比,共同表达这些基因的转基因大滨菊提高了对盐胁迫的耐受性,其中 SchMON1 的贡献最大。在亚细胞水平,共同表达 SchMON1/SchCCZ1 可降低 ROS 水平,提高内吞活性,增加与自噬体相关的酸性结构的数量。值得注意的是,在 SchMON1 基因型中,皮层和内皮层空泡中的 Na+ 积累更多。对每种基因型中基因表达的分子分析也支持这些结果。总之,我们的分析表明,MON1/CCZ1 介导的根激活前液泡贩运是一种很有前景的生理分子机制,可提高经济作物对盐胁迫的耐受性。
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引用次数: 0
A Coupled Model of Hydraulic Eco-Physiology and Cambial Growth - Accounting for Biophysical Limitations and Phenology Improves Stem Diameter Prediction at High Temporal Resolution. 水力生态生理学与逆生生长耦合模型--考虑生物物理限制和时序可提高高时间分辨率下的茎直径预测。
IF 6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15239
Che Liu, Mikko Peltoniemi, Pavel Alekseychik, Annikki Mäkelä, Teemu Hölttä

Traditional photosynthesis-driven growth models have considerable uncertainties in predicting tree growth under changing climates, partially because sink activities are directly affected by the environment but not adequately addressed in growth modelling. Therefore, we developed a semi-mechanistic model coupling stomatal optimality, temperature control of enzymatic activities and phenology of cambial growth. Parameterized using Bayesian inference and measured data on Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris in peatland and mineral soils in Finland, the coupled model simulates transpiration and assimilation rates and stem radial dimension (SRD) simultaneously at 30 min resolution. The results suggest that both the sink and phenological formulations with environmental effects are indispensable for capturing SRD dynamics across hourly to seasonal scales. Simulated using the model, growth was more sensitive than assimilation to temperature and soil water, suggesting carbon gain is not driving growth at the current temporal scale. Also, leaf-specific production was occasionally positively correlated with growth duration but not with growth onset timing or annual cambial area increment. Thus, as it is hardly explained by carbon gain, phenology itself should be included in sink-driven growth models of the trees in the boreal zone and possibly other environments where sink activities and photosynthesis are both restrained by harsh conditions.

传统的光合作用驱动生长模型在预测气候变化下的树木生长时存在相当大的不确定性,部分原因是吸收汇活动直接受环境影响,但在生长建模中却没有得到充分解决。因此,我们建立了一个半机制模型,将气孔优化、酶活性的温度控制和韧皮部生长的物候学结合起来。该耦合模型利用贝叶斯推理和芬兰泥炭地及矿质土壤中赤松和欧洲赤松的测量数据进行参数化,以 30 分钟的分辨率同时模拟蒸腾和同化率以及茎径向尺寸(SRD)。结果表明,要捕捉从每小时到每季的 SRD 动态变化,吸收汇和具有环境影响的物候公式都是不可或缺的。利用该模型模拟的结果表明,生长比同化对温度和土壤水更敏感,这表明在当前的时间尺度上,碳增量并没有驱动生长。此外,叶片特异性产量偶尔与生长持续时间呈正相关,但与生长开始时间或年韧皮部面积增量无关。因此,由于物候本身很难被碳增量所解释,因此应将物候本身纳入北方地区树木的汇驱动生长模型中,也可能纳入其他汇活动和光合作用都受到严酷条件限制的环境中。
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引用次数: 0
Patterns and Drivers of Pollen Temperature Tolerance. 花粉耐温性的模式和驱动因素
IF 6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15207
Donam Tushabe, Sergey Rosbakh

Pollen, a pivotal stage in the plant reproductive cycle, is highly sensitive to temperature fluctuations, impacting seed quality and quantity. While the importance of understanding pollen temperature limits (Tmin, Topt, Tmax - collectively PTLs) is recognized, a comprehensive synthesis of underlying drivers is lacking. Here, we examined PTLs, correlating them with vegetative tissue thermotolerance and assessing variability at the intra- and interspecific levels across 191 species with contrasting phylogeny, cultivation history, growth form and ecology. At the species level, the PTLs range from 9.0 to 42.4°C, with considerable differences among individual species. Vegetative tissue showed greater tolerance to both low and high temperatures than pollen. A significant, though weak, correlation was observed between PTLs and leaf temperature tolerance. Pollen heat tolerance was independent of that in leaves and stems. The greatest intraspecific variability was observed in pollen cold tolerance (Tmin), followed by Topt and Tmax. Phylogenetic analysis revealed family-level conservation in all three pollen temperature tolerance measures. Climate emerged as a significant PTL driver of pollen cold tolerance, with species from colder and stable climates exhibiting enhanced cold tolerance. Cultivated and wild species did not differ in their pollen temperature tolerances. Herbaceous plants showed higher tolerance to high temperatures compared to shrubs and trees, potentially reflecting divergent thermal conditions during anthesis. This study provides the first formal analysis of complex relationships between pollen temperature limits, plant characteristics and environmental factors, providing crucial insights into climate change impacts on plant reproduction.

花粉是植物生殖周期的关键阶段,对温度波动高度敏感,会影响种子的质量和数量。虽然人们认识到了解花粉温度极限(Tmin、Topt、Tmax,统称 PTLs)的重要性,但缺乏对潜在驱动因素的综合分析。在此,我们对 PTLs 进行了研究,将其与无性系组织的耐热性联系起来,并评估了 191 个物种在种内和种间水平上的变异性,这些物种的系统发育、栽培历史、生长形式和生态环境各不相同。在物种水平上,PTL从9.0°C到42.4°C不等,各个物种之间差异很大。与花粉相比,植物组织对低温和高温的耐受力都更强。在 PTLs 和叶片耐温性之间观察到明显的相关性,尽管这种相关性很弱。花粉的耐热性与叶片和茎的耐热性无关。花粉耐寒性(Tmin)的种内变异最大,其次是 Topt 和 Tmax。系统进化分析表明,在所有三种花粉耐温性指标中都存在家族水平的保护。气候是花粉耐寒性的一个重要 PTL 驱动因素,来自寒冷和稳定气候的物种表现出更强的耐寒性。栽培和野生物种在花粉温度耐受性方面没有差异。与灌木和乔木相比,草本植物对高温的耐受性更高,这可能反映了开花期不同的热条件。这项研究首次正式分析了花粉温度极限、植物特征和环境因素之间的复杂关系,为了解气候变化对植物繁殖的影响提供了重要依据。
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引用次数: 0
Highest Occurring Vascular Plants from Ladakh Provide Wood Anatomical Evidence for a Thermal Limitation of Cell Wall Lignification. 拉达克最高的维管植物为细胞壁木质化的热限制提供了木质解剖学证据。
IF 6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15221
Ulf Büntgen, Veronika Jandova, Jiri Dolezal

As an evolutionary achievement of almost all terrestrial plants, lignin biosynthesis is essential for various mechanical and physiological processes. Possible effects of plant cell wall lignification on large-scale vegetation distribution are, however, not yet fully understood. Here, we present double-stained, wood anatomical stem measurements of 207 perennial herbs (Potentilla pamirica Wolf), which were collected between 5550 and 5850 m asl on the north-western Tibetan Plateau in Ladakh, India. We also measured changes in situ root zone and surface air temperatures along the sampling gradient and applied piecewise structural equation models to assess direct and indirect relationships between the age and size of plants, the degree of cell wall lignification in their stems, and the elevation at which they were growing. Based on the world's highest-occurring vascular plants, the Pamir Cinquefoils, we demonstrate that the amount of lignin in the secondary cell walls decreases significantly with increasing elevation (r = -0.73; p < 0.01). Since elevation is a proxy for temperature, our findings suggest a thermal constrain on lignin biosynthesis at the cold range limit of woody plant growth.

作为几乎所有陆生植物的进化成果,木质素的生物合成对各种机械和生理过程至关重要。然而,植物细胞壁木质化对大尺度植被分布的可能影响尚未完全明了。在此,我们展示了在印度拉达克青藏高原西北部海拔 5550 米至 5850 米之间采集的 207 株多年生草本植物(Potentilla pamirica Wolf)的双染色木质解剖学茎干测量结果。我们还沿采样梯度测量了原地根区和地表气温的变化,并应用片断结构方程模型评估了植物的年龄和大小、茎的细胞壁木质化程度以及植物生长海拔之间的直接和间接关系。我们以世界上生长海拔最高的维管束植物帕米尔五角枫为研究对象,证明次生细胞壁中的木质素含量随着海拔的升高而显著降低(r = -0.73; p
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引用次数: 0
Elevated CO2 Concentration Extends Reproductive Growth Period and Enhances Carbon Metabolism in Wheat Exposed to Increased Temperature. 二氧化碳浓度升高可延长温度升高条件下小麦的生殖生长期并促进其碳代谢。
IF 6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15243
Jiao Wang, Yuyan Han, Hongyan Li, Haixia Bai, Hui Liang, Yuzheng Zong, Dongsheng Zhang, Xinrui Shi, Ping Li, Xingyu Hao

Both elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and increased temperature exert notable influences on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth and productivity when examined individually. Nevertheless, limited research comprehensively investigates the combined effects of both factors. Winter wheat was grown in environment-controlled chambers under two concentrations of CO2 (ambient CO2 concentration and ambient CO2 concentration plus 200 µmol mol-1) and two levels of temperature (ambient temperature and ambient temperature plus 2°C). The phenology, photosynthesis, carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism, yield and quality responses of wheat were investigated. Elevated [CO2] did not counteract warming-induced shortening of wheat phenological period but prolonged grain filling. Even though photosynthetic adaptation occurred during the reproductive growth period, elevated [CO2] still significantly enhanced carbohydrate accumulation under warming, particularly at the grain filling stage, thereby increasing yield by 20.1% compared with the ambient control. However, elevated [CO2] inhibited nitrogen assimilation at the grain filling stage under increased temperature by downregulating the expression levels of TaNR, TaNIR, TaGS1 and TaGOGAT and reducing glutamine synthetase activity, which directly led to a significant decrease of 19.4% in grain protein content relative to the ambient control. These findings suggest that elevated [CO2] will likely increase yield but decrease grain nutritional quality for wheat under future global warming scenarios.

单独研究大气中二氧化碳浓度([CO2])升高和温度升高对小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)生长和产量的影响时,两者都会产生显著的影响。然而,全面研究这两个因素综合影响的研究却很有限。在两种二氧化碳浓度(环境二氧化碳浓度和环境二氧化碳浓度加 200 µmol mol-1)和两种温度水平(环境温度和环境温度加 2°C)下,冬小麦在环境控制室中生长。研究了小麦的物候、光合作用、碳水化合物和氮的代谢、产量和品质反应。升高的[CO2]不能抵消升温引起的小麦物候期缩短,但却延长了籽粒灌浆期。尽管光合适应发生在生殖生长期,但升高的[CO2]仍显著提高了变暖条件下碳水化合物的积累,尤其是在籽粒灌浆期,从而使产量比环境对照提高了 20.1%。然而,升高的[CO2]通过下调TaNR、TaNIR、TaGS1和TaGOGAT的表达水平以及降低谷氨酰胺合成酶的活性,抑制了温度升高条件下谷粒灌浆期的氮同化,直接导致谷粒蛋白质含量比环境对照显著减少19.4%。这些研究结果表明,在未来全球变暖的情况下,[CO2]升高可能会增加小麦的产量,但会降低谷物的营养质量。
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引用次数: 0
OsCaM1-1 Is Responsible for Salt Tolerance by Regulating Na+/K+ Homoeostasis in Rice. OsCaM1-1 通过调控水稻的 Na+/K+ 平衡来提高耐盐性
IF 6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15212
Siqi Wei, Mingjiong Chen, Fengyue Wang, Yishan Tu, Yunfeng Xu, Liangbo Fu, Fanrong Zeng, Guoping Zhang, Dezhi Wu, Qiufang Shen

Calmodulin, a highly conserved calcium-binding protein, plays a crucial role in response to salt stress. Previous studies investigated sequence and function of calmodulin members in some plants, but their roles in rice have not been fully elucidated. Three OsCaM1 genes namely OsCaM1-1/2/3 encode the same OsCaM1 protein. Here, we found that OsCaM1-1 had significantly higher expression than the other two genes under salt stress. After 4 weeks of exposure to 75 mM NaCl, OsCaM1-1 overexpressed mutants showed higher salt tolerance, while knocked-out mutants exhibited lower salt tolerance, compared to the wild type. Moreover, the oscam1-1 mutants had higher Na+ concentration and Na+/K+ ratio in both shoots and roots, less instantaneous K+ and Ca2+ fluxes in roots, compared to wild type under salt stress, indicating the involvement of OsCaM1-1 in regulation of Na+ and K+ homoeostasis via Ca2+ signal. RNA-seq analysis identified 452 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) regulated by OsCaM1-1 and salt stress, and they were mainly enriched in nucleus DNA-binding activities, including ABI5, WRKY76, WRKY48 and bHLH120 transcription factors. Knockout of OsCaM1-1 also modulated the expression of Na+ transporters, including HKT1;1, HKT1;5, SOS1, NHX1 and NHX4. In conclusion, OsCaM1-1 positively regulates salt tolerance in rice through mediating ion homoeostasis.

钙调蛋白是一种高度保守的钙结合蛋白,在盐胁迫反应中起着至关重要的作用。以往的研究调查了一些植物中钙调蛋白成员的序列和功能,但它们在水稻中的作用尚未完全阐明。三个 OsCaM1 基因即 OsCaM1-1/2/3 编码相同的 OsCaM1 蛋白。在这里,我们发现 OsCaM1-1 在盐胁迫下的表达量明显高于其他两个基因。与野生型相比,在暴露于75 mM NaCl 4周后,OsCaM1-1过表达突变体表现出更高的耐盐性,而敲除突变体则表现出更低的耐盐性。此外,在盐胁迫下,与野生型相比,oscam1-1突变体芽和根中的Na+浓度和Na+/K+比值更高,根中的瞬时K+和Ca2+通量更少,表明OsCaM1-1通过Ca2+信号参与了Na+和K+平衡的调控。RNA-seq分析发现了452个受OsCaM1-1和盐胁迫调控的差异表达基因(DEGs),它们主要富集于细胞核DNA结合活性,包括ABI5、WRKY76、WRKY48和bHLH120转录因子。敲除OsCaM1-1还能调节Na+转运体的表达,包括HKT1;1、HKT1;5、SOS1、NHX1和NHX4。总之,OsCaM1-1 通过介导离子平衡积极调节水稻的耐盐性。
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引用次数: 0
Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Brassica Napus Reveals Intersections Between Nutrient Deficiency Responses. 甘蓝型油菜的定量蛋白质组分析揭示了养分缺乏反应之间的交叉。
IF 6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15216
L E Grubb, S Scandola, D Mehta, I Khodabocus, R G Uhrig

Macronutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and sulphur (S) are critical for plant growth and development. Field-grown canola (Brassica napus L.) is supplemented with fertilizers to maximize plant productivity, while deficiency in these nutrients can cause significant yield loss. A holistic understanding of the interplay between these nutrient deficiency responses in a single study and canola cultivar is thus far lacking, hindering efforts to increase the nutrient use efficiency of this important oil seed crop. To address this, we performed a comparative quantitative proteomic analysis of both shoot and root tissue harvested from soil-grown canola plants experiencing either nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium or sulphur deficiency. Our data provide critically needed insights into the shared and distinct molecular responses to macronutrient deficiencies in canola. Importantly, we find more conserved responses to the four different nutrient deficiencies in canola roots, with more distinct proteome changes in aboveground tissue. Our results establish a foundation for a more comprehensive understanding of the shared and distinct nutrient deficiency response mechanisms of canola plants and pave the way for future breeding efforts.

氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)和硫(S)等宏量营养元素对植物的生长和发育至关重要。田间种植的油菜籽(Brassica napus L.)需要补充肥料,以最大限度地提高植物产量,而缺乏这些养分会导致严重减产。迄今为止,还缺乏对这些养分缺乏反应在单一研究和油菜栽培品种中的相互作用的整体了解,这阻碍了提高这种重要油料作物养分利用效率的努力。为了解决这个问题,我们对土壤中生长的油菜植株在缺氮、缺磷、缺钾或缺硫的情况下收获的芽组织和根组织进行了定量蛋白质组比较分析。我们的数据为深入了解油菜籽对主要营养元素缺乏的共同和独特分子反应提供了亟需的信息。重要的是,我们发现油菜根部对四种不同养分缺乏的反应更为一致,而地上部组织的蛋白质组变化更为明显。我们的研究结果为更全面地了解油菜植物共同和不同的养分缺乏反应机制奠定了基础,并为未来的育种工作铺平了道路。
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引用次数: 0
Divergent Assembly Processes of Phyllosphere and Rhizosphere Microbial Communities Along Environmental Gradient. 植被层和根瘤菌层微生物群落在环境梯度上的不同组装过程
IF 6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15224
Yang Li, Jinsong Wang, Junxiao Pan, Ruiyang Zhang, Benjamin Zhou, Shuli Niu

The underlying assembly processes of surface microbial communities are crucial for host plants and ecosystem functions. However, the relative importance of stochastic and deterministic processes in shaping epiphytic microbes remains poorly understood in both the phyllosphere and rhizosphere. Here, we compared the spatial variations in epiphytic microbial communities of two dominant grasses along a 1400 km transect on the Tibetan Plateau and assessed the assembly processes between the phyllosphere and rhizosphere. We found significant variations in epiphytic microbial community compositions between plant compartments and host species. Stochastic processes (drift and homogenizing dispersal) predominantly shaped microbial communities in both the phyllosphere and rhizosphere, with a greater contribution of stochastic processes in the phyllosphere. As environmental heterogeneity intensified, we found a transition from stochasticity to determinism in affecting the microbial assembly. This transition to homogeneous or variable selection depended on plant compartments and host species. Our study is among the first to compare the contribution of stochastic versus deterministic processes to epiphytic community assembly between the phyllosphere and rhizosphere on the Tibetan Plateau. These findings advance our knowledge of epiphytic microbial assembly and disentangle how host plants exploit the microbiome for improved performance and functioning in stressful alpine ecosystems.

地表微生物群落的基本组合过程对寄主植物和生态系统功能至关重要。然而,随机过程和确定过程在形成附生微生物的过程中的相对重要性在植物圈和根瘤菌圈中仍然鲜为人知。在这里,我们比较了青藏高原 1400 千米横断面上两种主要禾本科植物附生微生物群落的空间变化,并评估了植物层和根瘤层之间的组装过程。我们发现不同植物区系和宿主物种之间的附生微生物群落组成存在明显差异。随机过程(漂移和同质化扩散)主要塑造了叶球层和根瘤层的微生物群落,而随机过程在叶球层中的作用更大。随着环境异质性的增强,我们发现影响微生物群落的随机性向确定性过渡。这种向同质或可变选择的过渡取决于植物区系和寄主物种。我们的研究首次比较了随机过程和确定过程对青藏高原叶球层和根瘤层附生群落组合的贡献。这些研究结果增进了我们对附生微生物集结的了解,并揭示了寄主植物如何利用微生物组来改善其在压力巨大的高寒生态系统中的表现和功能。
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引用次数: 0
Division Zone Activity Determines the Potential of Drought-Stressed Maize Leaves to Resume Growth after Rehydration. 分裂带活动决定干旱胁迫下玉米叶片在补水后恢复生长的潜力
IF 6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15227
Tom Van Hautegem, Hironori Takasaki, Christian Damian Lorenzo, Kirin Demuynck, Hannes Claeys, Timothy Villers, Heike Sprenger, Kevin Debray, Dries Schaumont, Lennart Verbraeken, Julie Pevernagie, Julie Merchie, Bernard Cannoot, Stijn Aesaert, Griet Coussens, Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, Michael L Nuccio, Frédéric Van Ex, Laurens Pauwels, Thomas B Jacobs, Tom Ruttink, Dirk Inzé, Hilde Nelissen

Drought is one of the most devastating causes of yield losses in crops like maize, and the anticipated increases in severity and duration of drought spells due to climate change pose an imminent threat to agricultural productivity. To understand the drought response, phenotypic and molecular studies are typically performed at a given time point after drought onset, representing a steady-state adaptation response. Because growth is a dynamic process, we monitored the drought response with high temporal resolution and examined cellular and transcriptomic changes after rehydration at 4 and 6 days after leaf four appearance. These data showed that division zone activity is a determinant for full organ growth recovery upon rehydration. Moreover, a prolonged maintenance of cell division by the ectopic expression of PLASTOCHRON1 extends the ability to resume growth after rehydration. The transcriptome analysis indicated that GROWTH-REGULATING FACTORS (GRFs) affect leaf growth by impacting cell division duration, which was confirmed by a prolonged recovery potential of the GRF1-overexpression line after rehydration. Finally, we used a multiplex genome editing approach to evaluate the most promising differentially expressed genes from the transcriptome study and as such narrowed down the gene space from 40 to seven genes for future functional characterization.

干旱是造成玉米等农作物减产的最具破坏性的原因之一,而气候变化导致干旱的严重程度和持续时间预计会增加,这对农业生产力构成了迫在眉睫的威胁。为了解干旱反应,通常在干旱发生后的特定时间点进行表型和分子研究,这代表一种稳态适应反应。由于生长是一个动态过程,我们对干旱响应进行了高时间分辨率的监测,并在叶片出现四次后的 4 天和 6 天对复水后的细胞和转录组变化进行了研究。这些数据表明,分裂区活动是器官在复水后完全恢复生长的决定因素。此外,通过异位表达 PLASTOCHRON1 来延长细胞分裂的维持时间,可以延长复水后恢复生长的能力。转录组分析表明,生长调节因子(GRFs)通过影响细胞分裂的持续时间来影响叶片的生长。最后,我们使用多重基因组编辑方法评估了转录组研究中最有希望的差异表达基因,并因此将基因空间从 40 个缩小到 7 个基因,以便将来进行功能表征。
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引用次数: 0
The Residual Activity of Fatty Acyl-CoA Reductase Underlies Thermo-Sensitive Genic Male Sterility in Rice. 脂肪酰-CoA 还原酶的残余活性是水稻热敏感基因雄性不育的基础
IF 6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15230
Yi-Chen Wang, Xing-Lu Liu, Zheng Zhang, Lei Zhou, Yan-Fei Zhang, Ben-Shun Zhu, Yan-Ming Yang, Xiang Zhong, Zhen-Xin Su, Pei-Yang Ma, Xue-Hui Huang, Zhong-Nan Yang, Jun Zhu

Photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterility (P/TGMS) is critical for rice two-line hybrid system. Previous studies showed that slow development of pollen is a general mechanism for sterility-to-fertility conversion of TGMS in Arabidopsis. However, whether this mechanism still exists in rice is unknown. Here, we identified a novel rice TGMS line, ostms16, which exhibits abnormal pollen exine under high temperature and fertility restoration under low temperature. In mutant, a single base mutation of OsTMS16, a fatty acyl-CoA reductase (FAR), reduced its enzyme activity, leading to defective pollen wall. Under high temperature, the mOsTMS16M549I couldn't provide sufficient protection for the microspores. Under low temperature, the enzyme activity of mOsTMS16M549I is closer to that of OsTMS16, so that the imperfect exine could still protect microspore development. These results indicated whether the residual enzyme activity in mutant could meet the requirement in different temperature is a determinant factor for fertility conversion of P/TGMS lines. Additionally, we previously found that res2, the mutant of a polygalacturonase for tetrad pectin wall degradation, restored multiple TGMS lines in Arabidopsis. In this study, we proved that the osres2 in rice restored the fertility of ostms16, indicating the slow development is also suitable for the fertility restoration in rice.

光周期/热敏感基因雄性不育(P/TGMS)对水稻两系杂交系统至关重要。先前的研究表明,花粉发育缓慢是拟南芥中不育转为雄性不育(TGMS)的一般机制。然而,这种机制在水稻中是否仍然存在尚不清楚。在这里,我们发现了一个新的水稻 TGMS 品系 ostms16,它在高温下表现出异常的花粉外露,而在低温下则恢复了生育能力。在突变体中,OsTMS16(一种脂肪酰基-CoA还原酶(FAR))的单碱基突变降低了其酶活性,导致花粉壁缺陷。在高温条件下,mOsTMS16M549I 无法为小孢子提供足够的保护。在低温条件下,mOsTMS16M549I 的酶活性更接近 OsTMS16,因此不完善的外胚层仍能保护小孢子的发育。这些结果表明,突变体中的残余酶活性能否满足不同温度下的要求是 P/TGMS 株系育性转化的决定性因素。此外,我们之前还发现,用于降解四分果胶壁的聚半乳糖醛酸酶突变体 res2 能恢复拟南芥的多个 TGMS 株系。在本研究中,我们证明水稻中的 osres2 能恢复 ostms16 的育性,这表明缓慢发育也适用于水稻的育性恢复。
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引用次数: 0
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